Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Ch. 19
The Human Body An Orientation
Gross Anatomy
Large structures
Easily observable
Microscopic Anatomy
Very small
structures
Can only be
viewed with
a microscope
Survival Needs
Nutrients
Chemicals for energy and cell building
Carbs, proteins, lipids, vit. & minerals
Oxygen - required for chemical reactions
Water
Provides for metabolic reaction
Stabilizing body temperature
Homeostasis
Homeostasis must be maintained for normal body
functioning and to sustain life
Maintaining Homeostasis
Maintaining Homeostasis
Effector
Feedback Mechanisms
Its output response that affects the initial input feedback decreases its
effect
Feedback Mechanisms
Positive feedback:
It intensifies the original change by increasing the original stimulus to
push the variable farther, rather than reversing itself to return to a set point.
In the body this only occurs in blood clotting and birth of a baby
Body Tissues
Cells are specialized for particular functions
Tissues
Groups of cells with similar structure and function
Four primary types
Epithelium
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscle
Cell Diversity
Cell Diversity
Cell Diversity
Cell Diversity
Epithelial Tissues
Layers of tissue
Simple one layer
Stratified more than one layer
Functions
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion
Classification of Epithelium
Shape of cells
Squamous flattened
Cuboidal cube-shaped
Columnar column-like
Have ducts
Sweat glands, oil glands, salivary glands
Endocrine glands
Ductless
Produce hormones
Excrete hormone into the extracellular fluid & diffuse into nearby
capillaries.
Cartilage tissue
Connective Tissue Types
Bone (osseous tissue) is composed of:
Bone cells in lacunae (cavities)
Hard matrix of calcium phsophate
Adipose Tissue
Serves as a site of
fuel storage
RBC
WBC
Platelets
Muscle Tissue
Function is to produce movement
Three types: Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth muscle
Nervous Tissue
Neurons and nerve support cells
Function is to send impulses to other areas of the body
Irritability
Conductivity
Regeneration of Tissues
Tissues that regenerate easily
Epithelial tissue
Fibrous connective tissue and bone
The Skin
Organ System Overview
Circulatory System
(Cardiovascular)
Carbon dioxide
Nutrients
Wastes
Lymphatic System
Digestive System
& blood
Respiratory System
Endocrine System
Nervous System
Muscular System
Allows locomotion
Maintains posture
Produces heat
Contractibility
Skeletal System
Integumentary System
Synthesizes vitamin D
Reproductive System
Production of
Spermatogenesis,
Includes: male/female
offspring
oogenesis
reproductive organs