Modul Fizik SPM Kertas 2 & 3

PROGRAM NEAR MISS CEMERLANG / HALUS 2015
MODUL FIZIK SPM

KERTAS 2 & 3
1.
Modul soalan ini adalah berbentuk topikal dan mengikut format peperiksaan.
2.
Calon cemerlang boleh menjawab kesemua soalan manakala calon halus

menjawab soalan mudah mengikut tahap kesesuaian.
Bab 1: Pengenalan Kepada Fizik
Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics
1. Sebuah kereta bergerak dengan laju purata 75 km j-1 dari Bandar A ke Bandar B
dalam masa 2 jam seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.
A car moves with an average speed of 75 km h-1 from town P to town Q in 2 hours
as shown in Figure 1.
Rajah 1
Figure 1
(a)(i) Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, nyatakan dua kuantiti asas dan unit SInya
Based on the information given, state two basic quantities and their
respective SI units
[1 markah]
[1 marks]
(ii) Nyatakan kuantiti terbitan dan unitnya.

State a derived quantity and its SI unit
(b) Tukarkan 75 km j-1 kepada unit SI

Comvert the value 75 km h-1 to SI unit
[1 markah]
[1 marks]
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah ammeter.

Diagram shows an ammeter.
(a) Nyatakan nama dan fungsi komponen berikut:

State the name and function of the component
(i)
P:
(ii)
Q:
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Nyatakan sisihan terkecil ammeter.

State the smallest division of ammeter.
(c) Nyatakan bacaan ammeter pada Rajah di atas.

State the reading of the thermometer
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(d) Nyatakan langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil semasa menggunakan

termometer.
State the precautions to be taken while taking measurements by using the
ammeter.
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
3. Rajah 3 di bawah menunjukkan sebuah termometer.

Diagram 3 shows a thermometer
Rajah 3
Diagram 3
(a) Namakan komponen berlabel
Name the component
P:
Q:
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(b) Nyatakan kepekaan termometer

State the accuracy of the thermometer.
(c) Apakah bacaan termometer?

What is the reading of the thermometer?
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(d) Mengapakah dinding bebuli kaca termometer adalah nipis?

Why does the glass stem wall of the thermometer is thin?
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(e)Apakah yang anda harus lakukan untuk meningkatkan kepekaan

termometer.
How should you do to increase the accuracy of the thermometer? [1 markah]
[1 mark]
(f) Mengapakah merkuri digunakan dalam termometer?

Why does the thermometer use mercury?
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
4. Diagram above shows the reading of a micrometer screw gauge for the thickness of
5 sheets of paper
Rajah di atas menunjukkan bacaan sebuah tolok skru mikrometer untuk ketebalan
5 helai kertas
(a) Name the N
[1 markah]
Namakan N
(b) Determine the thickness of a sheet of the paper in mm

Nyatakan ketebalan kertas tersebut dalam mm
[1 markah]
(c) Give the name and the function of M.

Nyatakan nama dan fungsi bahagian berlabel M
[2 markah]
(d) State two precaution to be taken while taking measurements by using the
micrometer screw gauge.
Berikan dua langkah berjaga-jaga yang patut diambil semasa melakukan
pengukuran menggunakan tolok skru mikrometer.
[2 markah]
5. Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan bacaan satu alat pengukur apabila tiada objek diletakkan
di atas. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan bacaan alat pengukur tersebut apabila satu objek
diletakkan di atasnya.
Diagram 5.1 shows the reading of a measuring instrument when there is no object
on it. Diagram 5.2 shows the reading of the measuring instrument when an object
is placed on it.
Rajah 5.1
Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.2
Diagram 5.2
(a)(i) Namakan kuantiti fizik yang boleh diukur oleh alat pengukur pada Rajah 5.1.
Name the physics quantity that can be measured by the measuring instrument in
Diagram 5.1.
[1 markah]
(ii) Namakan jenis ralat yang terhasil dalam rajah 5.1
Name the type of error produced in Diagram 5.1
[1 markah]
(iii) Berapakah nilai ralat yang terhasil dalam rajah 5.1

What is the value of error in Diagram 5.1
[1 markah]
(iv) Berapakah bacaan sebenar kuantiti fizik yang diukur dalam Rajah 5.2?
What is the actual reading of the physical quantity measured in Diagram 5.2?
[1 markah]
Rajah 5.3
Diagram 5.3
(b) Nyatakan kepekaan bagi alat pengukuran di atas.
State the accuracy for each of the apparatus above
(i) X
(ii) Y
[2 markah]
(c)(i) Alat pengukur yang manakah lebih sesuai untuk mengukur ketebalan dawai itu?
Which instrument is more suitable to measure the thickness of the wire?
[1 markah]
(d)
Nyatakan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (c)(i).

State one reason for your answer in (c)(i).
[1 markah]
Skema jawapan:
1.
(a) Jarak, m / distance,m
Masa,s / time, s
1
1
(b) laju/ speed, m s-1
(c)
75103
3600
= 20.83 m s-1
2
(a)(i) Cermin/ mirror
Untuk mengelakkan ralat paralaks /
to avoid parallax error
(ii) skru pelaras sifar / skru

Untuk melaraskan jarum penunjuk pada bacaan 0
(b) 0.1 A
(c) 0.4 A
(d) Apabila membaca skala ammeter, kedudukan mesti tegak

supaya penunjuk menutupi imejnya di dalam jalur cermin
3.
(a) P: tiub kapilari
Q: bebuli merkuri
1
1
(b) 1C
(c) 84C
(d) supaya haba dapat dikesan dengan

Cepat
(e) Menggunakan bebuli kaca yang berdinding nipis/

Menggunakan tiub kapilari yang berdiameter lebih
kecil/Menggunakan bebuli yang lebih kecil
(f) konduktor haba yang baik/Mudah dilihat/Mengembang (atau

mengecut) dengan cepat pada sebarang suhu./Tidak melekat
pada dinding tiub kapilari
4 (a) Skala vernier
(b) 3.70 mm
(c) bidal
Untuk mengelakkan tekanan terlampau pada objek
1
1
(d) mata hendaklah berserenjang dengan skala bacaan

Ulangi eksperimen bagi mendapatkan nilai purata
1
1
5
(a)(i) jisim
(ii) ralat sifar
(iii) 6 g
(iv) 24 g
(b)(i) X: 0.1 cm
(ii) Y: 0.01 mm
1
1
(c) Y
(d) kerana sisihannya paling kecil
Bab 2: Daya Dan Gerakan
Chapter 2: Force and Motion
Section A
Bahagian A
1. Diagram1 below shows a light spring placed horizontally on a smooth surface. One end of the
spring is fixed to a wall.
Rajah 1 di bawah menunjukkan suatu spring ringan terletak secara melintang di atas suatu
permukaan yang licin. Satu hujung spring itu diikat pada suatu dinding.
DIAGRAM1 / RAJAH1
(a)(i) The light spring obeys Hookes law, F = k x, where k = spring constant. Explain what is
meant by Hookes law.
Spring ringan itu mematuhi Hukum Hooke, F = kx, di mana k = pemalar spring.
Terangkan apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh hukum Hooke.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
(ii) What is the SI unit of the spring constant, k?

Apakah unit S.I. bagi pemalar spring, k?
__________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
(b) The light spring is compressed by a plastic ball as shown in Diagram above. State what type
of enerstored in the spring.
Spring ringan itu dimampatkan oleh suatu bola plastik seperti ditunjukkan pada Rajah di
atas Nyatakan jenis tenaga yang tersimpan dalam spring itu.
[ 1 mark/ 1 markah ]
2. Diagram below shows a hot air balloon floating at rest in the sky.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan belon udara panas terapung dalam udara
(a) Draw and label the forces acting on the balloon.

Lukis dan labelkan semua daya yang bertindak pada belon
[3 marks/3 markah]
(b) State the relationship between the forces mentioned in (a)i.

Nyatakan hubungan antara daya-daya yang dinyatakan dalam (a)i.
[1 mark/1 markah]
(c) If the volume of the displaced air is 800 m3 and the density of air is 1.25 kg m3, what is the
mass of the balloon?
Jika isi padu udara yang tersesar ialah 800 m3 dan ketumpatan udara ialah 1.25 kg m3,
apakah jisim belon itu?
[2 marks/2 markah]
(d)What should be done to lower the hot air balloon?

Apakah yang harus dilakukan untuk merendahkan kedudukan belon udara panas itu?
[1 mark/1 markah]
3. Table below shows the change of distance s with the time t, travelled by an aeroplane as it
starts moving along a runway.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan perubahan jarak s dengan masa t yang dilalui oleh sebuah
kapal terbang apabila ia mula bergerak di sepanjang laluannya.
t/s
s/m
12
16
36
66
(a ) On the graph paper below, draw a graph of s against t.

Di atas kertas graf di bawah, lukiskan graf s melawan t.
Diagram3/Rajah3
[2 marks/2 markah]
b. i.State whether the speed of the aeroplane increases, decreases or remains constant.
Nyatakan sama ada kelajuan kapal terbang meningkat, berkurang atau kekal malar
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
ii.Give a reason for your answer in (b)i.
Berikan alasan untuk jawapan anda di (b)i.
_______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/1 markah]
c. A parachutist falls from a helicopter which is flying horizontally. The parachute opens
sometime after the start of the fall.
Seorang penerjun payung terjun, terjun daripada sebuah helikopter yang terbang secara
mendatar. Payung terjun terbuka beberapa ketika selepas terjunan bermula.
i. Why is the initial vertical acceleration of the parachutist approximately 10 m s 2 ?
Mengapakah pecutan tegak awal penerjun tersebut kira-kira 10 m s-2 ?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[2 marks/2 markah]
4.Diagram 4.1 shows a cradle that uses a strong spring. Diagram B shows the graph of the
weight of the baby,W, against the extension, x, produced by different springs. All the three
springs have the same initial length
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan satu buaian yang menggunakan satu spring yang kuat. Rajah B
menunjukkan graf berat bayi, W melawan pemanjangan spring, x, yang dihasilkan oleh
spring-spring yang berbeza. Ketiga-tiga spring itu mempunyai panjang asal yang sama.
Diagram4.1 / Rajah 4.1
Diagram 4.2 / Rajah 4.2

i)
Among the springs, which is the strongest?

Antara spring itu, yang manakah paling kuat?
..
[ 1mark/ 1markah]
ii)
Explain your answer in (a)i

Terangkan jawapan anda di (a)i.
..
[1mark/ 1markah]
iii)
If spring X is made of the same material as spring Q, state two possibilities

that cause spring X to differ from spring Q.
Jika spring X dibuat daripada bahan yang serupa dengan spring Q, nyatakan dua
kemungkinan yang menyebabkan spring X berbeza daripada spring Q
..
[2mark/2markah]
iv.
A researcher plans to place another spring parallel to the spring that is already there.
Explain whether his suggestion can be accepted or not
Seorang penyelidik mencadangkan untuk meletakkan satu lagi spring secara selari
dengan spring yang sedia ada. Terangkan sama ada cadangan penyelidik itu boleh
diterima atau tidak.
.
[2mark/2markah]
v. If a kid of mass 20 kg sits in the cradle, the spring will break. Explain how this
happens
Jika seorang budak kecil berjisim 20 kg duduk dalam buaian itu, spring buaian
itu terputus. Terangkan bagaimana hal ini berlaku.
..
.
[1mark/1markah]
5. Diagram 5.1 shows a parachutist who had just pulled open his parachute several
seconds after he had jumped out from an aircraft. Diagram B shows the graph of
velocity against time for the motion of the parachutist. Points P, Q, R, S, T and U show
different stages of the motion during his fall.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan seorang ahli payung terjun yang baru membuka payung
terjunnya beberapa saat selepas dia telah melompat keluar daripada sebuah kapal
terbang. Rajah B menunjukkan graf halaju melawan masa bagi pergerakan ahli payung
terjun itu. Titik P, Q, R, S, T dan U menunjukkan keadaan-keadaan berbeza bagi
pergerakan semasa ia menurun
Rajah 5.1/Diagram 5.1
Diagram 5.2/Rajah 5.2

i) At which point did the parachute begin to open?
Pada titik manakah payung terjun itu mula terbuka?
[1mark/1markah]
ii) Explain your answer in (a)i
Terangkan jawapan kamu di (a)i.
..
[1mark/1 markah]
iii)Calculate the acceleration of the parachutist during the stage PQ

Hitungkan pecutan ahli payung terjun semasa keadaan PQ
.
.
.
.
[3marks/3markah]
iv) Sketch a graph of acceleration against time for the motion of the parachutist at the
various stages P, Q, R, S, T and U.
Lakarkan satu graf pecutan melawan masa bagi pergerakan ahli payung terjun
itu pada pelbagai keadaan P, Q, R, S, T, dan U
[3marks/3markah]
6. Diagram below shows a smooth pulley system. The weight of the spring can be ignored.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu sistem takal licin. Berat spring boleh diabaikan
Diagram 6 /Rajah 6
i. Calculate the additional forces that are involved in the system when the 0.5 kg load
is released
Hitungkan daya paduan yang terlibat dalam sistem tersebut apabila beban 0.5 kg
dilepaskan.
.
[2marks/2markah]
ii. Based on the additional force that is calculated in (a), determine the extension of the
spring.
Berdasarkan daya paduan yang dikira dalam (a), tentukan pemanjangan spring itu.
.
..
[2marks/2markah]
iii. What is the acceleration of the trolley?
Berapakah pecutan troli itu?
.
..
.
[2marks/2markah]
iv. Calculate the tension of the rope in the system
Hitungkan tegangan tali dalam sistem tersebut.
.
[2Marks/2markah]
7. Diagram A shows that the mattress of a bed contains springs. Diagram B shows the change
that takes place when a person lies on the bed
Rajah A menunjukkan tilam katil yang mengandungi spring. Rajah B menunjukkan
perubahan yang berlaku apabila seorang berbaring di atas katil
Diagram A/Rajah A
Diagram B/Rajah B
i)
How do the springs change when a person lies on the bed?

Bagaimanakah spring itu berubah apabila seorang berbaring di atas katil?
[2marks/2markah]
ii)
On a copy of Diagram B, circle the spring that has the greatest force acting on
it.
Pada salinan Rajah B, bulatkan spring yang mempunyai daya yang paling
besar bertindak ke atasnya.
[1mark/1markah]
iii)
How can you tell that this spring has the greatest force acting on it?
Bagaimanakah anda boleh katakan bahawa spring ini mempunyai daya
yang paling besar bertindak ke atasnya?
[2marks/2markah]
iv)
A manufacturer makes a mattress that sags less in the middle when a person
lies on it.Suggest two ways of doing this.
Seorang pengilang membuat satu tilam yang kurang melentur di tengah
apabila seorang berbaring di atasnya. Cadangkan dua cara untuk melakukan
hal ini.
..
[2marks/2markah]
v)
One force acting on the person is the upward push of the springs.
Satu daya yang bertindak ke atas orang itu adalah tolakan ke atas spring itu.
Another force acts on the person. Draw an arrow on your diagram to show the
direction of this force
Satu daya yang lain bertindak ke atas orang itu. Lukis satu anak panah di
atas rajah anda untukmenunjukkan arah daya ini.
[1mark/1markah]
Use some of the words from the box below to complete a copy of the
following sentence
Gunakan sesetengah perkataan dari kotak di bawah untuk melengkapkan ayat
yang berikut.
The other force acting on the person is the __________ pull of the __________.
Daya lain yang bertindak ke atas orang itu adalah tarikan __________ bagi __________
[2 marks/2 markah]
8. A experiment is performed to measure the velocity of a 1 kg mass as it passes through the

vertical position AB as shown in Diagram below. The mass is drawn aside through an angle of
30 and released. The velocity is measured experimentally.
Satu eksperimen dilakukan untuk mengukur halaju bagi jisim 1 kg apabila ia melalui kedudukan
tegak AB seperti ditunjukkan pada Rajah di bawah. Jisim itu ditarik ke tepi melalui satu sudut
30 dan dilepaskan
(a) Describe briefly the arrangements necessary for measuring the velocity of the mass.
Huraikan secara ringkas susunan-susunan yang perlu untuk mengukur halaju jisim itu.
[2 marks/2 markah]
(b) Explain how the velocity is deduced from the result of the experiment.
Terangkan bagaimana halaju itu ditentukan daripada keputusan eksperimen itu.
[2 marks/2 markah]
(c) Calculate theoretically a value for its velocity from the diagram.
Hitungkan secara teori satu nilai untuk halajunya daripada rajah itu.
[3 marks/3 markah]
(d) How would you compare the value obtained experimentally with the one calculated
theoretically? Explain briefly.
Bagaimankah anda akan membandingkan nilai yang diperoleh secara eksperimen dengan
yang dihitungkan secara teori? Terangkan secara ringkas.
[3 marks/3 markah]
(e) What would happen to the experimental result if the 1 kg mass is replaced with another
mass of 0.1 kg?
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada keputusan eksperimen itu jika jisim 1 kg itu
digantikan dengan jisim 0.1 kg yang lain?
[2 marks/2 markah]
Section B
Bahagian B
9. Diagram A shows a balloon being released from a grip. Diagram B shows a cuttlefish moving
forward
by
releasing
a
big
volume
of
black
ink
backwards.
Rajah A menunjukkan sebiji belon dilepaskan dari ikatannya. Rajah B menunjukkan seekor
sotong bergerak ke depan apabila melepaskan sejumlah dakwat hitam yang banyak ke belakang.
Diagram A/Rajah A Diagram B/Rajah B
(a) (i)
What is meant by force?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan daya?
[1 mark/1 markah]
(i) Using Diagrams A and B compare the direction of motion of the balloon and the
cuttlefish. Relate the direction of motion to deduce a relevant physics concept.
Menggunakan Rajah A dan B, bandingkan arah pergerakan belon dan sotong.
Kaitkan arah gerakan untuk menyimpulkan satu konsep fizik yang berkaitan.
[5 marks/5 markah]
(b) Using suitable examples, explain the ways to utilise impulse force.
Dengan menggunakan contoh-contoh yang sesuai, terangkan cara-cara untuk
menggunakan daya impuls.
[4 marks/4 markah]
(c) Football is one of the most popular games in the world. The goalkeeper always gets
injuries when playing football. Using a suitable physics concept, suggest and explain
adaptations that can be made to avoid injuries and also to improve/increase achievement
in the football game. Your explanation should include the following aspects:
Bola sepak adalah salah satu sukan yang paling popular di dalam dunia. Penjaga gol
selalu mendapat kecederaan apabila bermain bola sepak. Dengan mengunakan konsep
fizik yang sesuai, cadangkan dan terangkan adaptasi yang boleh dilakukan bagi
mengelakkan kecederaan dan juga untuk memperbaiki/meningkatkan pencapaian di
dalam sukan bola sepak. Penerangan anda hendaklah merangkumi aspek berikut :
(i) The type of clothes worn.
Jenis pakaian yang digunakan.
(ii) The type of football used.
Jenis bola yang digunakan.
(iii) The ways of playing football.
Bagaimakah bola sepak dimainkan.
[10 marks/10 markah]
10.
Diagram A shows a bullet being shot from a rifle. Diagram B shows a passenger walking in
a boat.
Rajah A menunjukkan sebutir peluru yang ditembak keluar dari sepucuk senapang. Rajah
B menunjukkan seorang penumpang yang sedang berjalan di atas sebuah perahu.
Diagram /Rajah A
Diagram/Rajah B
(a)(i)
What is meant by velocity?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan halaju?
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii) Using Diagram A and Diagram B, state the property which is common to the bullet
being shot from the rifle and the passenger walking on the boat. Then relate the property
to
explain
a
physics
concept
and
name
the
concept.
Menggunakan Rajah A dan Rajah B, nyatakan ciri-ciri sepunya keadaan peluru yang
ditembak keluar dari senapang dan penumpang yang sedang berjalan di atas perahu.
Seterusnya hubungkaitkan ciri-ciri itu untuk menjelaskan suatu konsep fizik dan
namakan konsep itu.
[5 marks/5 markah]
(b) When a porcelain cup falls onto a concrete floor, it breaks into pieces. However, when the
porcelain cup falls onto a carpet from the same height, it does not break. Explain why.
Apabila satu cawan kaca jatuh ke atas lantai konkrit, ia akan pecah. Namun begitu,
apabila cawan kaca itu jatuh ke atas permaidani dari ketinggian yang sama, ia tidak
pecah. Terangkan mengapa.
[4 marks/4 markah]
(c)
Diagram C shows a rocket.

Rajah C menunjukkan sebuah roket.
DIAGRAM C / RAJAH C
Using appropriate physics concepts, explain the necessary modification which can be made
to the rocket to enable it to travel safely with a higher acceleration.
Menggunakan konsep fizik yang sesuai, terangkan pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan
ke atas roket itu untuk membolehkannya bergerak dengan selamat pada pecutan yang
tinggi.
Your answer should include the following aspects:

Jawapan anda hendaklah merangkumi aspek-aspek berikut:
(i)
the design of the body of the rocket,

reka bentuk badan roket itu,
(ii)
the properties of metal used for the frame of the rocket,

sifat-sifat logam yang digunakan untuk rangka badan roket itu,
(iii)
the outer layer used for the frame of the rocket,

lapisan luar yang digunakan untuk rangka badan roket itu,
(iv)
the important equipment to be used in the rocket.

alat penting yang digunakan dalam roket itu.
Section C
Bahagian C
11. Diagram A shows that a stationary ball is released from a tall building.
Rajah A menunjukkan bola yang berada dalam keadaan pegun dilepaskan dari bangunan yang
tinggi.
Diagram A/Rajah A
(a) (i)What is meant by energy?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tenaga?
[1 mark/1 markah]
(iii) State the energy possessed by the ball at positions X, Y and Z. Explain the change
in
the
energy
after
the
ball
has
hit
the
floor.
Nyatakan tenaga yang dimiliki oleh bola pada titik X, Y dan Z. Jelaskan
perubahan tenaga setelah bola mengena lantai.
[4 marks/4 markah]
(b) Table A shows the characteristics of five F1 racing cars, A, B, C, D and E.
Jadual A menunjukkan ciri-ciri untuk lima jenis kereta lumba F1, A, B, C, D dan E.
Characteristics
Mass/kg
Ciri-ciri
Jisim/kg
Cars/Kereta
Reaction
time/s
Braking
distance/m
Masa tindak
balas
Jarak semasa
brek ditekan/m
15
Type of tyre
Jenis tayar
With tread pattern

A
800
Berbunga
With tread pattern
B
1 000
12
Berbunga
Without tread pattern
1 200
10
Tanpa bunga
1 500
10
Tanpa bunga
2 000
12
Tanpa bunga
Table A/Jadual A
Explain the suitability of the characteristics shown in Table A to determine the most suitable F1
racing car to be used on a hot and sunny day. Give reasons for your choice.
Jelaskan mengenai kesesuaian ciri-ciri dalam Jadual A untuk menentukan kereta F1 yang paling
sesuai untuk digunakan pada hari yang panas dan cerah. Berikan sebab untuk pilihan anda.
Diagram B/Rajah B
(c)
12.
Diagram B shows a trolley with a mass of 2 kg moving down a slope of height 20 m.

After moving down the slope, the trolley moves 5 m along the flat and rough surface
before stopping. Calculate the frictional force acting on the trolley.
Rajah B menunjukkan troli dengan berat 2 kg bergerak menuruni satah condong
setinggi 20 m. Setelah bergerak menuruni satah, troli bergerak 5 m sepanjang
permukaan kasar dan rata sebelum berhenti. Hitung daya geseran yang bertindak ke
atas troli itu.
[5 marks/5 markah]
Diagram below shows a strong spring that is used to make a cradle for babies. Table
below shows the characteristics of different types of springs that can be used for making a
cradle.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu spring yang kuat yang digunakan untuk membuat
buaian bayi. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan ciri-ciri spring yang berlainan jenis yang
boleh digunakan untuk membuat buaian bayi.
Diagram
/Rajah
Characteristic
Spring
constant(cm-1)
Diameter of
spring wire (cm)
Diameter of
spring coil (cm)
Type of
material
Pemalar spring
(cm-1)
Diameter dawai
spring (cm)
Diameter lilitan
spring (cm)
Jenis bahan
40
5.0
0.2
Alloy/aloi
100
2.0
0.5
Iron/besi
50
4.0
0.8
Steel/keluli
150
5.0
0.5
Steel/keluli
20
1.0
0.4
Iron/besi
Ciri
Spring
Spring
(a)(i)
What is the meaning of spring constant?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pemalar spring?
[1 mark/1 markah]
(ii)
You are assigned to investigate the characteristics of the springs in Table above to make
a cradle for babies.
Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri spring dalam Jadual di atas untuk digunakan
bagi membuat buaian bayi seperti pada Rajah di atas.
Explain the suitability of each characterisitc shown in Table above. Then suggest the
most suitable spring to be used and give your reasons.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri dalam Jadual di atas. Seterusnya tentukan spring
yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk membuat buaian bayi itu dan berikan sebab untuk
pilihan anda.
(b) The original length of a spring is 20 cm. When a load of 10 N is hooked onto the spring, its
length becomes 25 cm. When a load of more than 50 N is hooked, the spring does not return
to its original length even after the load is removed.
Satu spring mempunyai panjang asal 20 cm. Apabila beban 10 N diletakkan, panjang spring
itu menjadi 25 cm. Apabila beban lebih daripada 50 N diletakkan, spring ini tidak kembali
ke panjang asal apabila beban itu dialihkan.
(i)
Sketch a graph of extension against stretching force for the spring. Use your graph to
explain the process.
Lakarkan graf pemanjangan melawan daya regangan bagi spring itu. Gunakan graf
anda untuk menerangkan proses itu.
[4 marks/4 markah]
(ii)
Calculate the amount of work done by the spring when a load of 25 N is hooked onto
it.
Hitungkan kerja yang dilakukan oleh spring apabila beban 25 N diletakkan.
[2 marks/2 markah]
(iii)
Which type of arrangement of springs will cause the springs to be stronger, the
parallel arrangement or the series arrangement? Explain this observation.
Susunan spring yang manakah akan menjadi lebih kuat, susunan secara selari atau
sesiri?
Jelaskan pemerhatian ini.
[3 marks/3 markah]
Skema Kertas 2( Force and Motion)

1. (a) (i) The force applied is directly proportional to the extension produced.
Daya yang dikenakan adalah berkadar secara langsung dengan pemanjangan.
(ii) N m1
(b) Elastic potential energy
Tenaga keupayaan kenyal
(c) (i) Speed increases
Laju bertambah
(ii) Speed decreases
Laju berkurang
2. (a)
(b)
Upthrust buoyant force = weight
(c) W = buoyant force

mg = Vg
m = 800 1.25 = 1 000 kg
(d) Reduce the volume of the air in the balloon
3. (a)
(b) i. The speed of the aeroplane increases.

Kelajuan kapal terbang bertambah.
ii. This is because the distance travelled for every equal time internal increases.
Ini kerana jarak yang dilalui bagi setiap sela masa yang sama bertambah.
(c) i. The force acting on the parachutist is free fall gravity, i.e. the acceleration downwards
is g, or 10 m s2. This is because at the point where the parachutist falls the aeroplane, there
is no air resistance.
Daya yang bertindak ke atas ahli payung terjun ialah graviti terjun bebas, iaitu pecutan ke
bawah ialah g, atau 10 m s-2. Ini kerana tiada rintangan angin pada kedudukan di mana
penerjun terjun daripada kapal terbang tersebut.
ii. At the beginning, the acceleration is 10 m s2. The speed increases and force of air
resistance acting to retard the speed also increases. When the gravitational force is equal to
the air resistance, the speed is maximum and remains constant. At this point, the
acceleration is zero.
Pada mulanya, pecutan tersebut berada pada 10 m s-2. Kelajuan bertambah dan daya
rintangan udara yang bertindak untuk melambatkan kelajuan juga bertambah. Apabila
daya graviti sama dengan rintangan udara, kelajuan berada pada tahap maksimum dan
kekal sama. Pecutan sifar pada titik ini.
4. (a) i. Spring P
ii. Spring P has the largest stretching force which is the highest spring constant.
With that, spring P is the strongest.
(b) The diameter of the coil of spring X is smaller, the diameter of the wire of spring X is
bigger than spring Q.
(c) Yes. By arranging the springs in parallel can strengthening the spring.
This allows the cradle to be able to withstand the weight of bigger babies.
(d) The weight (force) of the child has already exceeded the elasticity limit of the spring,
causing the spring to lose its elasticity.
(e) Spring constant =
= 5 N cm1
5. (a) i. At point S
Pada titik S.
ii. When the parachute opens, air resistance increases suddenly to a large value. The speed
of the parachutist decreases to a small value.
Apabila payung terjun terbuka, rintangan udara bertambah dengan tiba-tiba kepada satu
nilai yang besar. Laju ahli payung terjun berkurang ke pada satu nilai yang kecil.
(b) Acceleration,
Pecutan,
a = gradient of line PQ
a = kecerunan garis PQ
40 m s-1
=
5s
= 8.0 m s-2
(c)
6. (a) Additional force = 5 N 2 N = 3 N

(b) Spring extension =
= 6 cm
(c) Total mass of system = 0.5 kg + 1.0 kg = 1.5 kg

Acceleration of system a =
= 2 m s2
Acceleration of the trolley is 2 m s2.
(d) Force acting on trolley = tension of rope, T, frictional force

1.0 2 = T 2
T=4N
(e) When 0.5 kg load is released, gravitational potential energy changes to kinetic energy.
Part of the energy
changes to heat and sound. Lastly, the energy changes to elastic potential energy
7. (a) (i) The springs are compressed and become shorter.
(ii)
(iii) -It is most compressed

- its length after compression is the shortest
(b) Put more springs in parallel at the middle
Use springs with which are made of wire. With a larger diameter
Use springs with smaller diameter of coil
(c) (i)
(ii) The other force acting on the person is the downward pull of the Earth.
8. (a) The 1 kg mass is attached to a ticker tape through a ticker timer, the timer is switched
on and the 1 kg
mass is then allowed to swing.
(b) The distance between 2 most widely separated dots is measured from the tape, say d m.
The velocity is given by
(c) 1.64 m s1.
(d) The experimental result should be smaller. This is because of energy lost as friction.
(e) The velocity measured would become smaller because air resistance exists.
9. (a) i. Force is the change of momentum. [1 m]
Daya ialah perubahan momentum.
ii. They move forward. [1 m]
Ianya bergerak ke hadapan.
They release something for motion, the balloon releases air while the cuttlefish releases a
big volume of black ink. [1 m]
Ia melepaskan sesuatu untuk pergerakan, belon tersebut melepaskan udara sementara
sotong melepaskan isipadu dakwat hitam yang banyak.
The balloon moving forward has an equal momentum as the air releasing from its mouth.
The cuttlefish moving forward has an equal momentum as the black ink releasing by it. [1
m]
Belon yang bergerak ke hadapan mempunyai momentum yang sama dengan udara yang
dilepaskan daripada bukaannya. Sotong bergerak ke hadapan mempunyai momentum yang
sama dengan dakwat hitam yang dilepaskan olehnya.
The total momentum in a closed system is constant. [1 m]
Jumlah momentum di dalam sistem tertutup adalah tetap.
Principle of conservation of momentum [1 m]
Prinsip pengabadian momentum
(b) Hockey sticks are made of hard wood while golf clubs are made of hard alloy. [1 m]
Kayu hoki diperbuat daripada kayu yang keras sementara kayu golf diperbuat daripada
aloi yang keras.
The hard surface will shorten the time of contact of the stick with the ball. Hence, the
impulsive force is big and the ball is able to travel a far distance. [1 m]
Permukaan keras akan memendekkan masa sentuhan kayu itu dengan bola. Maka, daya
impuls menjadi tinggi dan bola dapat melantun dengan jauh.
A piledriver is made of hard steel alloy. [1 m]
Penghentam cerucuk diperbuat daripada aloi besi yang kuat.
While hitting the pile, the pile driver is released very fast to hit the hard pile. Hence the
time taken to hit the pile is short and a big impulsive force is produced. [1 m]
Semasa menghentam cerucuk, penghentam cerucuk itu dilepaskan dengan sangat laju untuk
mengetuk cerucuk yang keras itu. Maka, masa hentaman cerucuk menjadi pendek dan
menghasilkan daya impuls yang besar.
(c) A glove is worn [1 m]

Memakai sarung tangan
This reduces the painful of the players hands when touching the ball with big impulsive
force because glove which is made of soft material lengthens the time of impact. [1 m]
Ini mengurangkan kesakitan pada tangan pemain apabila menangkap bola yang
mempunyai daya impuls yang tinggi kerana sarung tangan yang diperbuat daripada bahan
yang lembut memanjangkan masa hentaman.
When catching the ball, the goal keeper should move his hands back-wards. [1 m]
Apabila menangkap bola, penjaga gol hendaklah menggerakkan tangannya ke belakang.
This action will lengthen the time of impact between the ball and his hands and reduces
the impulsive force. [1 m]
Tindakan ini akan memanjangkan masa hentaman antara bola dan tangannya dan
mengurangkan daya impuls.
The base of the shoe of the player has studs on the soles and heels. [1 m]
Tapak kasut pemain mempunyai paku pada lapik kasut dan tumit.
The surface area in contact with the ground is reduced and this gives a big pressure to
make the studs sink into the ground and give a stronger support without slipping. [1 m]
Kawasan permukaan yang bersentuh dengan tanah dikurangkan dan ini memberikan
tekanan yang tinggi untuk membenamkan paku ke dalam tanah dan memberikan sokongan
yang kuat daripada tergelincir.
The cloth worn is made of material which has moderate specific heat capacity. [1 m]
Pakaian yang dipakai diperbuat daripada bahan yang mempunyai haba tentu yang
sederhana.
It can then absorb more heat where the player is and maintain the body temperature of the
player. [1 m]
Ia boleh menyerap lebih banyak haba di mana pemain sedang berpeluh, dan mengekalkan
suhu badan pemain tersebut.
Football should have enough air pressure inside it. [1 m]
Bola sepak hendaklah mempunyai tekanan udara yang secukupnya di dalamnya.
If the air pressure is small, this lengthens the time of impact between the foot and the ball
and reduces the impulsive force when the ball is kicked. Hence the ball does not travel far
away or has less speed. [1 m]
Jika tekanan udara kecil, ini akan memanjangkan masa hentaman antara kaki dan bola dan
mengurangkan daya impuls apabila bola itu ditendang. Maka bola itu tidak dapat disepak
dengan jauh ataupun mempunyai kelajuan yang rendah. [1 m]
10. (a) (i) Velocity is the rate of change of displacement or the speed in a specified direction.
(ii) The bullet and the rifle, the passenger and the boat, move in opposite directions.
An object with a small mass (the bullet or the passenger) moves with a larger
velocity
compared with an object with a big mass (the rifle or the boat)
The bullet and the rifle, and the passenger and the boat, move in opposite directions
so
that the final total momentum of the system will be maintained as zero.
m1v1= m2v2
m1v1 = m2 v2 = 0
Physics concept: The principle of conservation of momentum
(b) The hard surface of the concrete floor results in a short impact time. This impulsive
force produced
is big enough to break the porcelain cup.
The soft surface of the carpet increases the time of impact, reducing the impulsive
force acting on
the porcelain cup. The cup does not break.
(c) A multistage rocket is invented.
Each stage has burning fuel, pump and combustion chamber. When the fuel at each
stage is completely
burnt, it will slip off. When the mass of the rocket decreases, its acceleration increases.
The frame of the rocket is made of metal with low density.
So that the mass of the rocket is not too heavy and the acceleration can be increased.
The metal chosen should have high strength and hardness.
So that its shape will not change easily.
The frame of the rocket is painted with silver paint.
So that it can reflect light away more efficiently and the temperature of the rocket will
not rise.
The frame of the rocket is covered with a layer of heat insulator.
So that heat conductivity is reduced.
The rocket needs to carry a tank containing oxygen.
To enable the combustion of fuel in space because there is no oxygen in space.
11 (a) (i) Potential or the ability to do work. [1 m]
.
Keupayaan atau kebolehan melakukan kerja.
(ii) X Gravitational potential energy. [1 m]
Tenaga keupayaan graviti.

Y Gravitational potential energy + kinetic energy. [1 m]
Tenaga keupayaan graviti + tenaga kinetik.
Z Kinetic energy sound energy + heat energy. [1 m]
Tenaga kinetik tenaga bunyi + tenaga haba.
(b)
(c)
12. (a) (i) The stretching force divided by the spring extension. [1 m]
(ii) A spring that is strong and suitable has a large spring constant. [1 m]
This spring is stiffer, so it will need a bigger elasticity force. With this, the spring
will not
break easily. [1 m]
The diameter of the spring wire should be big. [1 m]
This type of spring is stiffer than a spring made of wire with a smaller diameter. [1
m]
The diameter of the coil of the spring should be big. [1 m]
This spring is stiffer. [1 m]
The spring should be made of alloy or steel. [1 m]
Steel and alloy springs are stronger than metal springs. [1 m]
Spring S is chosen. [1 m]
Spring S has the biggest spring constant, the diameter of the spring wire is big, the
diameter
of the coil is big and it is made of steel. [1 m]
(b) (i)
The extension of the spring changes with the stretching force until the elasticity
limit is
exceeded. [1 m]
If the elasticity limit is exceeded, the spring will not return to its original shape, or
the spring will
break. [1 m]
(ii) Work done,
= 1.5625 J [1 m]
(iii) The springs that are arranged in series. [1 m]
When springs are connected in series, the result is the same as using a longer
spring. With this,
the stiffness of the spring will decrease. [1 m]
When springs are connected in parallel, the extension of the springs is the same.
With this,
the stiffness of the spring increases. [1 m]
Bab 3: Daya dan tekanan
Chapter 3 : Forces and Pressure

Bahagian A
[60 markah]
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini
1.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan tolok Bourdon yang digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan gas di
dalam kelalang dasar bulat .
Diagram 1.1 shows a Bourdon gauge which is used to measure gas pressure inside a round
bottom flask .
Rajah 1.1
(a)
Nyatakan kepekaan bagi tolok Bourdon tersebut. [1 markah]

State the sensitivity of the Bourdon gauge.
(b)
(c)
(i)
Nyatakan kedudukan mata yang betul semasa mengambil bacaan pada tolok Bourdon.
[1 markah]
State the correct position of the eye while taking reading from the Bourdon gauge.
(ii)
Berapakah tekanan gas di dalam kelalang dasar bulat seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh
tolok Bourdon itu? [1 markah]
What is the pressure of the gas inside the round bottom flask as shown by the Bourdon
gauge?
Kelalang dasar bulat itu kemudian dipanaskan. Adakah bacaan Tolok Bourdon akan
meningkat atau menurun? [1 markah]
The round bottom flask is then heated. Would the reading of the Bourdon increase or
decrease?
2.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah tangki air yang membekalkan air ke sebuah blok rumah pangsa.
Air mengalir ke setiap rumah itu disebabkan oleh tekanan air.
Diagram 2 shows a water tank that supplies water to a block of flats. The water flows to each
unit of the flat due to water pressure.
(a)
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tekanan? [1 markah]

What is meant by pressure?
(b)
Tangki air setinggi 3.0 m diisi penuh dengan air . Hitung tekanan air pada dasar tangki itu.
( Ketumpatan air = 1 000 kg m-3 )
[2 markah]
A water tank with a height of 3.0 m is fully filled with water . Calculate the water pressure at
the base of the tank . ( density of water = 1 000 kg m-3 )
(c)
Berdasarkan rajah 2, bandingkan tekanan air di P dan di Q . Jelaskan jawapan anda .

[2 markah]
Based on Diagram 2, compare the water pressure at P and at Q . Explain your answer .

3.
Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan dua buah tiub venture untuk tujuan mengkaji
perhubungan antara halaju bendalir dan tekanan.
Diagrams 3.1 and 3.2 shows two ventury tubes used to study the relationship between the
velocity of fluid and pressure .
Rajah 3.1
Rajah 3.2
(a)
Nyatakan persamaan diantara luas keratan rentas, halaju dan tekanan pada kawasan A dan E ,
jika A dibandingkan dengan kawasan B dan C dalam rajah 3.1 dan E dibandingkan dengan
kawasan D dan F dalam rajah 3.2 .
State the similarities of cross section area, velocity and pressure at point A and E, if A is
compared to point B and C in diagram 3.1 and E is compared to point D and F in diagram
3.2.
(i) Luas keratin rentas / Cross section area :
(ii)
Halaju/ Velocity :
(iii) Tekanan / pressure :

[3markah]
(b)
Berdasarkan jawapan di 3(a), namakan prinsip fizik yang terlibat. [1 markah]

Based on the answer in 3(a), name the physics principle involved.
(c)
Tandakan kenaikan aras air di A, B dan C dalam rajah 3.1. [1 markah]

Mark the water level at A, B and C in diagram 3.1.
(d)
Bandingkan tekanan di D, E dan F dalam rajah 3.2 apabila air mengalir. [1 markah]
Compare the pressure at D, E and F in diagram 3.2 when water is flowing.

4.
Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan dua hidrometer ringkas direndam dalam cecair X dan
cecair Y masing-masing. Isipadu cecair X dan cecair Y adalah sama.
Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show two identical simple hydrometers are immersed in
liquid X and liquid Y respectively. The volume of liquid X and liquid Y is the same.
Rajah 4.1
Rajah 4.2
(a)
Apakah maksud ketumpatan? [1 markah]

What is the meaning of density?
(b)
Perhatikan Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2.

Observe Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2.
Bandingkan / compare :
(i)
panjang kedua-dua hidrometer yang tenggelam dalam cecair X dan cecair Y.
[1 markah]
the length of both hydrometers that sink in liquid X and liquid Y.
(ii)
isipadu cecair yang disesarkan oleh kedua-dua hidrometer itu. [1 markah]

the volume of liquid displaced by both hydrometers
(c)
Nyatakan hubungan antara isipadu cecair tersesar dengan ketumpatan cecair. [1 markah]
State the relationship between the volume of liquid displaced and the density of liquid.
(d)
daya keapungan yang bertindak ke atas kedua-dua hidrometer itu. [1 markah]

buoyant force acting on both hydrometers.
(e)
5.
(i)
Apakah yang berlaku kepada panjang hidrometer yang terendam dalam cecair X bila
jisim pasir yang lebih banyak ditambah? [1 markah]
What happen to the length of hydrometer that sinks in liquid X when a larger mass of
sand is added?
(ii)
nyatakan satu sebab bagi jawapan di 4(e)(i). [1 markah]

state one reason for the answer in 4(e)(i).
Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua bekas yang serupa berisi air pada kedalaman
berbeza. Apabila pili dibuka, air memancut keluar pada jarak ufuk yang berlainan
disebabkan oleh tekanan dikenakan ke atas dinding bekas itu.
Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two identical containers filled with water at different
depth. When the tap is opened, water spurts out at different horizontal distance due to the
pressure exerted on the wall of the container.
Rajah 5.1
Rajah 5.2
(a)

What is the meaning of pressure?
(b)
Perhatikan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2

Observe Diagram 5.1and Diagram 5.2.
(i) Bandingkan kedalaman pili dari permukaan air. [1 markah]
Compare the depth of the tap from the surface of the water.

(ii)
Bandingkan jarak ufuk pancutan air. [1 markah]

Compare the horizontal distance of the water spurting out.
(iii) Hubungkaitkan jarak ufuk pancutan air dengan tekanan air pada pili. [1 markah]
Relate the horizontal distance of the water spurting out to the pressure of water at the
tap.
(iv) Hubungkaitkan tekanan air dengan kedalaman air. [1 markah]

Relate the pressure in the water to the depth of the water.
(c)
(i)
Apakah yang berlaku kepada jarak ufuk pancutan air dalam Rajah 5.2 jika penutup
bekas itu dibuka? [1 markah]
What happens to the horizontal distance of the water spurting out in Diagram 5.2 when
the lid of the container is opened?
(ii)
Terangkan jawapan di 5 (c)(i). [2 markah]

Explain the answer in 5(c)(i).
6.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan sebuah tangki konkrit yang diisi dengan air.
Diagram 6.1 shows a concrete water tank filled with water.
Rajah 6.1
(a)
Nyatakan satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tekanan air di dalam tangki. [1 markah]
State one factor that affects the water pressure in the tank.
(b)
(c)
(i)
Bandingkan tekanan air pada P dan Q. [1 markah]

Compare the water pressure at P and Q.
(ii)
Hitung tekanan air pada Q. [1 markah]

Calculate the water pressure at Q. ( ketumpatan air / water density = 1000 kg m-3)
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan air mengalir dari tangki konkrit ke tangki air di rumah.
Diagram 6.2 shows water flows from the concrete tank to the house water tank.
Rajah 6.2
(i)
Apakah faktor yang menyebabkan air boleh mengalir dari tangki konkrit ke tangki air di
rumah? [1 markah ]
What is the factor that causes the water to flow from the concrete tank to the water tank
in the house?
7.
(ii)
Pengaliran air dari tangki konkrit ke tangki air di rumah akan terhenti pada paras P.
Terangkan mengapa pengalirannya berhenti.[1 markah]
The flow of water from the concrete tank to the house will stop at level P. Explain why
the supply stops.
(iii)
Cadangkan dua pengubahsuaian yang boleh dibuat untuk memastikan air dapat
mengalir secara berterusan ke tangki di rumah kediaman. [2 markah]
Suggest two modifications that can be done to ensure the water flow continuously to the
house water tank.
(iv)
Lukiskan tangki air yang boleh menampung tekanan yang tinggi. [1 markah]
Draw a water tank that can withstand high water pressure.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan satu system hidraulik. Suatu daya F dikenakan keatas omboh kecil.
Diagram 7.1 shows a hydraulic system. A force F is exerted on the small piston.
(a)
(i)
Namakan prinsip yang terlibat dalam system hidraulik ini. [1 markah]

Name the principle involved in this hydraulic system.
(ii)
(b)
Bandingkan tekanan pada titik P dan pada titik Q. [1 markah]

Compare the pressure at point P and at point Q.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan jek hidraulik di satu pusat servis kereta.

Diagram 7.2 shows a hydraulic jack in a car service centre.
Rajah 7.2
Satu daya 50 N bertindak ke atas omboh kecil apabila pemegang ditolak kebawah. Luas
keratin rentas omboh kecil dan omboh besar masing-masing adalah 0.04 m2 dan 0.8 m2.
A force of 50 N is exerted on the small piston when the handle is pushed down. The crosssectional areas of the small piston and the large piston are 0.04 m2 and 0.8 m2 respectively.
(c)
(i)
Hitung tekanan yang bertindak keatas minyak dalam jek hidraulik itu. [2 markah]
Calculate the pressure exerted on the oil in the hydraulic jack.
(ii)
Hitung daya yang bertindak keatas omboh besar itu. [2 markah]

Calculate the force that the oil exerts in the large piston.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2,

Based on Diagram 7.2,
(i) Terangkan bagaimana pemegang digunakan untuk mengangkat beban itu pada
ketinggian maksimum. [2 markah]
Explain how the handle is used to lift the load to its maximum height.
(ii)
Terangkan satu pengubahsuaian kepada omboh besar untuk membolehkan jek itu
mengangkat beban yang lebih berat. [1 markah]
Explain one modification to the large piston that enables the jack lift a heavier load.
(iii) Nyatakan bagaimana beban itu diturunkan tanpa menggunakan pemegang. [1 markah]
State how the load is lowered without using the handle.
8.
Susunan radas dalam Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan prinsip asas kerja sebuah hidrometer.
Kedalaman tabung uji tenggelam bergantung kepada daya apungan yang bertindak keatasnya.
The set-up in Diagram 8.1 shows the basic working principle of a hydrometer. The depth to
which the test tube sinks depends on the buoyant force acting on it.
(a)
Namakan prinsip fizik yang berkaitan dengan prinsip kerja sebuah hidrometer. [1markah]
Name the physics principle associated with the working of a hydrometer.
(b)
Nyatakan hubungan antara daya apungan dan berat tabung uji. [1 markah]
State the relationship between buoyant force and the weight of the test tube.
(c)
(d)
(i)
Hitung daya apungan ke atas tabung uji apabila jumlah jisim tabung uji dan pasir ialah
0.05 kg. [2 markah]
Calculate the buoyant force acting on the test tube when the total mass of the test tube
and sand is 0.05 kg.
(ii)
Tabung uji yang sama kemudiannya direndam di dalam sebuah bikar berisi petrol.
Ramalkan panjang tabung uji itu yang tenggelam. Terangkan jawapan anda. [2 markah]
The same test tube is then immersed in a beaker of petrol. Predict the length of the test
tube that is submerged. Explain your answer.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai dua buah sampan yang digunakan untuk
membawa penumpang di sepanjang Sungai Perak.
Table 8 shows some information on two sampan used to ferry passengers along the Perak
River.
Sampan
Jisim maksimum penumpang ( kg )

Maximum mass of passengers ( kg)
700
600
Bentuk bucu hadapan sampan

Shape of front end of sampan
Jadual 8
Berdasarkan Jadual 8, nyatakan ciri-ciri sampan yang sesuai supaya dapat membawa
penumpang yang maksimum.
Based on Table 8, state the suitable characteristics of the sampan to enable it to ferry the
maximum mass of passengers.
(i)
Bentuk bucu hadapan sampan/ Shape of front end of the sampan.
Sebab/ Reason
[2 markah]
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan sebuah model sampan P atau Q yang digunakan untuk mengangkut
penumpang.
Diagram 8.2 shows a model of sampan P or Q used to ferry passengers.
Sampan akan karam jika aras air melebihi garisan WR.

The sampan will sink if the water level exceeds line WR.
Jisim dan luas permukaan purata sampan P dan Q adalah 100 kg dan 2 m2.
The mass and average surface area of sampan P and Q are 100 kg and 2 m2 respectively.
(ii)
Hitung jisim maksimum penumpang yang boleh diangkut tanpa melebihi garisan WR.
(Ketumpatan air sungai: 1000 kg m -3)
[3 markah]
Calculate the maximum mass of passengers that can be ferried without exceeding the line WR.
(Density of river water: 1000 kg m -3)
(iii) Sampan yang manakah berupaya mengangkut semua penumpang tanpa tenggelam?
[1 markah]
Which sampan is able to carry the maximum passengers without sinking?
Section B
[20 marks]
The time suggested to complete this section is 30 minutes.
9. Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan bagaimana air memancut keluar daripada bekasnya
apabila injap dibuka.
Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show how water spurts out from its container when the valve is
opened.
Water level
Aras air
Water level
Aras air
DIAGRAM 9.1 / RAJAH 9.1
Apabila cecair diisikan ke dalam suatu bekas, ia mengenakan tekanan pada bekas itu.
When a liquid is held in a container, it exerts pressure on the container.
(a)

What is meant by pressure?
(b)
Merujuk kepada Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2, bandingkan kedalaman air di dalam kedua-dua
bekas, kadar air memancut keluar dan jarak pancutan air yang memancut keluar.
With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the depth of the water in both
containers, the rate at which water spurts out and the distance travelled by the water that
spurts out.
Hubungkaitkan jarak pancutan air yang memancut keluar dengan kedalaman air. Seterusnya,
buat satu kesimpulan tentang hubungan antara tekanan dengan kedalaman air.
Relate the distance travelled by the water that spurts out to the depth of the water. Hence
make a conclusion regarding the relationship between the pressure and the depth of the
water. [5 markah]
(c)
Satu gelembung udara kecil dilepaskan daripada dasar sebuah tasik.

A small bubble of air is released from the bottom of a lake.
(i)
Jelaskan apa yang berlaku kepada saiz gelembung udara itu semasa ia naik kepermukaan
air. [2 markah]
Explain what happens to the size of bubble as it rises to the surface of the water.
(ii)
Jelaskan bagaimana perubahan ini mempengaruhi gerakan gelembung itu ke atas.

[2 markah]
Explain how this change affects the upward motion of the bubble.
(d)
Rajah 9.3 dan Rajah 9.4 menunjukkan pandangan tepi dua model empangan yang berlainan
yang dibuat daripada bata dan konkrit.
Diagram 9.3 and Diagram 9.4 show the side view of two different models of a dam made from
bricks and concrete.
Water / Air
Water / Air
Dam /
Empangan
Dam /
Empangan
(i)
Model yang manakah lebih diutamakan? Jelaskan jawapan anda. [2 markah]

Which model is preferable? Explain your answer.
(ii)
Cadangkan dua kegunaan air di dalam empangan itu. [2 markah]

Suggest two uses of the water in the dam.
(iii) Terangkan pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan kepada empangan supaya

membolehkannya menyimpan lebih banyak air dengan selamatnya. [6 markah]
Explain the modifications that need to be made to the dam to enable it to store more
water safely.
Section C
[20 markah]
11.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan dua picagari yang berbeza saiz dipenuhi dengan air dan
disambung dengan satu tiub getah. Susunan ini digunakan untuk demonstrasi Prinsip
Pascal.
Diagram 11.1 shows two different sizes syringes filled with water are connected by a
rubber tube. This set-up is used to demonstrate Pascals Principle.
Rajah 11.1
Diagram 11.1
(a)
Nyatakan Prinsip Pascal. [1markah]

State the Pascals Principle.
(b)
Terangkan bagaimana beban yang lebih besar boleh diangkat apabila daya yang kecil
dikenakan keatas omboh A? [4 markah]
Explain how a bigger load can be lifted up when a small force is exerted on piston A?
[4 marks]
(c)
Jadual 11 menunjukkan jek empat hidraulik P, Q, R, dan S dengan spesifikasi yang berbeza.
Anda dikehendaki untuk menentukan jek hidraulik yang paling sesuai yang dapat mengangkat
beban yang berat dengan berkesan.
Table 11 shows four hydraulic jacks P, Q, R and S with different specifications. You are
required to determine the most suitable hydraulic jack that can lift up heavy load effectively.
Jek hidraulik P
Hydraulic jack P
Luas permukaan omboh kecil = 0.04 m2

Surface area of small piston = 0.04 m2
Luas permukaan omboh besar = 0.15 m2

Surface area of large piston = 0.15 m2
Jek hidraulik Q
Hydraulic jack Q


Jek hidraulik R
Hydraulic jack R


Jek hidraulik S
Hydraulic jack S

Jadual 11
Table 11

Kaji spesifikasi keempat-empat hidraulik jek berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

Study the specifications of the four hydraulic jacks based on following aspects:
(i) Nisbah bagi luas permukaan omboh besar kepada omboh kecil
The ratio of surface area of the large piston to the small piston
(ii) Jenis cecair yang digunakan
Type of liquid used
(iii) Bahan yang digunakan untuk paip penghantar
Material used for the transmission pipe
(iv) Saiz takungan cecair
Size of liquid reservoir
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap aspek dan seterusnya tentukan jek hidraulik yang paling
sesuai.
Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda. [10 markah]
Explain the suitability of each aspect and then determine the most suitable hydraulic
jack.
Give reasons for your choice. [10 marks]
(d)
Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan sebuah system hidraulik ringkas. Luas keratan rentas omboh
kecil X dan omboh besarY adalah 0.004 m2 dan 0.2 m2 masing-masing.
Diagram11.2 shows a simple hydraulic system. The cross sectional area of small piston
X and large piston Y are 0.004 m2 and 0.2 m2 respectively.
Diagram 11.2
Rajah 11.2
Hitung
Calculate
(i) Tekanan yang dipindahkan dalam cecair hidraulik.
pressure transmitted in the hydraulic liquid.
(ii) Berat beban.
weight of the load.
(iii) Jarak pergerakan omboh besar Y apabila omboh kecil X ditolak ke bawah 0.3 m.
distance moved by large piston when the small piston X is pushed down 0.3 m.
[5 markah]
No.
1.
(a)
(b)
Marking criteria
(i)
(ii)
(c)
2.
(a)
(b)
(c)
3.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
5.
(a)
(b)
(c)
6.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
Mark
Sub Total
5 kPa
Berserenjang dengan skala
165 kPa
Meningkat
1
1
1
1
Daya / luas
// daya per unit luas
3.0 x 1000 x 10
= 3 x 10 4 Pa
Tekanan di Q lebih tinggi daripada di P.
Kerana kedudukan Q lebih dalam.
1
2
lebih kecil
Lebih laju
Lebih rendah
Prinsip Bernoulli
2
5
1
1
D > F> E
Jisim per unit isipadu

4.2 > 4.1
4.2 > 4.1
Apabila ketumpatan rendah , isipadu cecair tersesar lebih tinggi
Daya apungan 4.1 > 4.2
Panjang hydrometer yang terendam bertambah
Daya apungan berkurangan
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Daya per unit luas

Diagram 5.2 > Diagram 5.1 // vice versa
Diagram 5.2 > Diagram 5.1 // vice versa
Pressure increases, horizontal distance increases
Depth increases, pressure increases
Increases
M1 Atmospheric pressure exerted at the surface of water
M2 Increases the water pressure
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
Kedalaman air
Tekanan di Q > tekanan di P
5m x 1000 kg m-3 x 10
= 5x 10 4 Pa
Perbezaan tekanan
Paras P sama ketinggian dengan paras tangki air di rumah
Tekanan di kedua-dua tempat adalah sama // tiada perbezaan
1
1
1
1
1
(iii)
tekanan
Letak tangki konkrit di tempat lebih tinggi // di atas bukit
Lebih tinggi perbezaan tekanan atau
Guna pam air untuk meningkatkan perbezaan tekanan
(iv)
7.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(i)
2
1
Prinsip Pascal
Sama
50N
1
1
2
0.04m 2
5000
=
4
(c)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
8.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(ii)
Prinsip Archimedes
Daya apungan adalah sama dengan berat tabung uji
m = 0.05 kg
FB = W = mg
= ( 0.05 ) x 10 = 0.05 N
Panjang tabung uji yang tenggelam semakin bertambah
Ketumpatan petrol adalah lebih rendah berbanding air
Streamline / bentuk larus
Mudah bergerak / bergerak dengan lebih laju / kurang
rintangan air
h = 0.5 0.12 = 0.38
(iii)
( M +m ) g = pVg
(M + 100)(10) = ( 1 000 )x ( 2x 0.38) x 10
M = 660 kg
Sampan Q
(i)
(ii)
(d)
9.
(a)
(b)
= 1 250 Pa
1 250 Pa x 0.8 m2 = 1 000 N
Apabila pemegang digerakkan ke atas, injap tertutup dan cecair
hidraulik mengalir melalui injap A.
Apabila pemegang digerakkan ke bawah, injap A tertutup,
menyebabkan tekanan dikenakan .
Menggerakkan pemegang ke atas dan ke bawah secara
berulang ulang akan menaikkan beban .
Tambahkan luas keratan rentas piston itu .
Buka injap pelepas
(i)
State the meaning correctly

Force exerted per unit area
Compare the depth correctly
The depth of the water in Diagram 9.1 is higher than that in
Diagram 9.2
2
2
1
1
10
1
1
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
12
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Compare the rate of water spurt out correctly

The water spurts out in Diagram 9.1 at a higher rate than that in
Diagram 9.2
Compare the distance which the water spurts out correctly

The water spurts out further in Diagram 9.1 than that in
Diagram 9.2
Relate the depth of water spurt with the distance of water

correctly
The deeper the water, the further the distance of water spurt
Relate the depth of water with the pressure of water correctly

The deeper the water, the higher the pressure of the water
Relate the pressure with the depth of water correctly
The pressure of water increases with the depth of the water
Relate the changes of volume of air bubble with the depth of

water correctly
The bubble expands upon reaching the surface of the
water//The volume of air bubble increases as the depth of water
decreases
Relate the buoyant force with the volume of air bubble
correctly
Buoyant force increases as the volume of the bubble increases
State the motion of the air bubble correctly

The air bubble moving with increasing acceleration
State the choice of the dam correctly
Diagram 9.3
State the correctly explanation

The weight of the dam is supported by the force exerted by the
water
Give two of the uses correctly
Water in the dam can be filtered and chlorinated to be used as
public water supply
To drive turbines for the generation of hydroelectricity//
For irrigation//Recreation centre
Give 3 suggestions correctly
Give 3 suitable explanations correctly
1. Thicker wall at the base
2. To withstand greater pressure at the bottom as the
pressure increases with depth
3. The wall is constructed using stronger materials / Using
reinforce concrete
4. To avoid the wall from breaking / To increase the strength
of the wall / To avoid leaking
5. Equipped with the water overflow system
6. To avoid flooding / To channel away the overflow water
1
1
2
10
11.
(a)
When force is applied to an enclosed fluid, the pressure

produced is transmitted equally throughout the enclosed fluid
1. When a small force is applied to piston A, pressure is
produced.
2. The pressure is transmitted equally throughout the
whole liquid
3. When the pressure exerted on surface area of the large
Piston B, a bigger force is produced to lift up the load
4. The force is bigger due to the bigger surface area //F A
(b)
(c)
Characteristics
The ratio of surface area
of large piston to small
piston is larger
Type of liquid use - oil
Material use for
transmission pipe - steel
Size of liquid reservoir
is big
R is choosen
(d)
(i)
P=
(ii)
= 2500 Pa
FY = 2500 x 0.2
= 500 N
F
10
=
A 0.004
0.004 0.3
dy =
0. 2
= 0.006 m
Reason
To produce a bigger output force
1
4
10
Does not evaporate easily/does

not produce a bubbles/high
viscosity
Strong/not easily to break/long
lasting
To occupy large amount of
liquid/able to lift load
higher/avoid spill over
Large ratio between large piston
and small piston, use oil, material
used for transmission pipe is steel
and size of liquid reservoir is big
1
2
2
20
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
Section A
[60 marks]
Answer all questions in this section.
Diagram 1 shows the set up of apparatus used to investigate the relationship between the
pressure and temperature of air at constant volume and mass.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk menyiasat hubungan antara
tekanan dengan suhu udara di mana isipadu dan jisimnya tetap.
RAJAH 1
(a)
Name the measuring instrument labelled X.

Namakan alat pengukur berlabel X.
..........
[1 mark]
(b)
Name the physical quantity measured by instrument labelled X.

Namakan kuantiti fizik yang disukat oleh alat pengukur berlabel X.
..
[1 mark]
(c)
(i)
What will happen to the reading of the measuring instrument X when the
temperature raised.
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada bacaan alat pengukur X apabila suhu
meningkat.
...
[1 mark]
(ii)
State the Gas Law involved.

Nyatakan Hukum Gas yang terlibat.
.
[1 mark ]
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
2.
A substance X with mass 0.5 kg is heated by using a heater 100 W. Diagram shows graph
temperature against mass for the substance.
Suatu bahan X berjisim 0.5 kg dipanaskan dengan menggunakan pemanas 100 W.
Rajah menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi bahan tersebut.
Temperature (oC )
Suhu (oC )
Time (s)
Masa (s)
(a).
What is the time taken by substance X to achieve melting point ?

Berapakah masa yang diambil oleh bahan X untuk mencapai takat lebur?
[1 mark]
[ 1markah]
(b).
Based on information on graph, find specific latent heat for the substance X.
Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi pada graf, hitungkan haba pendam tentu bagi
bahan X
[2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
(c).
By using kinetic theory, explain why there is no increase in temperature at QR.

Dengan menggunakan teori kinetik, terangkan mengapa tiada kenaikan suhu pada
QR.
.........................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
[ 2 markah]
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
3.
Diagram 3 shows a wet towel is placed on the forehead of a boy who has high fever.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan tuala yang basah diletakkan di atas dahi seorang budak lelaki yang
mengalami demam panas.
Diagram 3
Rajah 3
(a)
What is the meaning of thermal equilibrium?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan keseimbangan terma?
..
[1 mark]/ [1 markah]
(b)
Explain how a thermal equilibrium is achieved in Diagram 3.

Terangkan bagaimana keseimbangan terma tercapai dalam Rajah 3.
..
..
[2 marks]/[ 2 markah ]
(c)
The mass of water used to wet the towel is 0.3 kg and the specific heat capacity for
water is 4 200 J kg-1 oC-1 . The initial temperature of the towel is 30oC and the final
temperature is 38oC. Find the amount of heat energy from the boy is removed by the
wet towel.
Jisim air yang digunakan untuk membasahkan tuala adalah 0.3 kg dan muatan haba
tentu air adalah 4 200 J kg-1 oC-1 . Suhu awal tuala adalah 30oC dan suhu akhir
adalah 38oC. Hitung jumlah tenaga haba yang telah dibebaskan daripada budak itu
oleh tuala basah.
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
(d) What happens to the final temperature if the water used to wet the towel is mixed
with ice cubes?
Apakah yang berlaku kepada suhu akhir jika air yang digunakan untuk membasahkan
tuala dicampurkan dengan ketulan ais?
....
[1 mark]/[ 1 markah ]
4.
Diagram 4.1 shows a metal P at 100 C being placed in a beaker of water at 28 oC. After some
time thermal equilibrium state is achieved.
The mass of metal P and the water are 0.4 kg and 0.2 kg respectively.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan logam P pada suhu 100 C di letakkan di dalam bikar yang
mengandungi air pada suhu 28 C. Selepas suatu tempoh keseimbangan terma dicapai.
Jisim logam P dan air masing-masing adalah 0.4 kg dan 0.2 kg.
Diagram 4.2 shows the temperature against time graph of the water in the beaker.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi air dalam bikar itu.

(a) (i)
What is the meaning of thermal equilibrium?

Apakah maksud keseimbangan terma?
.................................................
.................................................
[1 mark] / [1 markah]
(ii)
Based on the graph in Diagram 4.2, what is the temperature when the thermal equilibrium
is achieved?
Berdasarkan graf dalam Rajah 4.2 ,berapakah suhu apabila keseimbangan terma dicapai?
.........................................................
[1 mark] / [ 1 markah]
Bab 4 : Haba
(iii)
Chapter 4 : Heat
What is the purpose of wrapping the beaker with a layer of cotton?
Apakah tujuan membalut bikar dengan lapisan kapas?
.........................................................
(b)
(i)
Calculate the specific heat capacity of metal P.

(Specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J kg-1 C -1)
Hitungkan muatan haba tentu logam P.
(Muatan haba tentu air adalah 4200 J kg-1 C -1)
[3 marks] / [ 3 markah]
(ii)
State the assumption you made in (b)(i).

Nyatakan anggapan yang anda buat dalam (b)(i).
.........................................................
Bab 4 : Haba
5
Chapter 4 : Heat
Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show two identical polystyrene glasses are filled by hot water at the same
temperature.
Diagram 5.3 and Diagram 5.4 shows the changes in temperature of the water after 5 minutes the water
are cooled.
Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua biji gelas polisterina diisikan dengan air panas pada suhu
yang sama.
Rajah 5.3 dan 5.4 menunjukkan perubahan suhu air itu selepas 5 minit disejukkan.
(a) State the working principle used in the thermometer.

Nyatakan prinsip kerja yang digunakan dalam termometer itu
....................................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
(b) Using Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 , compare the mass of water in the both glasses.
Menggunakan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 ,bandingkan jisim air dalam kedua-dua gelas.
...............
[1 mark ]
(c) Using Diagram 5.3 and 5.4, compare
Menggunakan Rajah 5.3 dan Rajah 5.4 , bandingkan
(i)
the reading of the thermometer.

bacaan termometer
....
[1 mark ]
Bab 4 : Haba
(ii)
Chapter 4 : Heat
the rate of loss of heat from the water in the glasses after 5 minutes.
kadar kehilangan haba daripada air dalam kedua-dua gelas selepas 5 minit.
......
[1 mark ]/[ 1 markah ]
(d)
Based on your answer in c(ii) compare the quantity of heat in the water in the glasses in
Diagram 5.3 and Diagram 5.4.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di c(ii) bandingkan kuantiti haba dalam air dalam kedua-dua
gelas pada Rajah 5.3 dan Rajah 5.4.
....
(e)
Based on your answer in (a) and (d), state the relationship between mass and quantity of
heat in the water.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda di(a) dan (d) , nyatakan hubungan antara jisim dan kuantiti
haba dalam air.
.......
(f)
Sketch the graph temperature against time when the water in the glass in Diagram 5.1 is
cooled for a long time.
Lakarkan graf suhu melawan masa apabila air di dalam gelas padaRajah 5.1 dibiarkan
sejuk untuk suatu jangka masa yang panjang.
Bab 4 : Haba
6
Chapter 4 : Heat
Diagram 6.1 shows two identical metal balls heated for a few minutes in boiling water. The two metal
balls are then transferred into two beakers containing liquid X and liquid Y.
Diagram 6.2 and Diagram 6.3 show the initial and final readings of thermometers in liquid X and liquid
Y.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan dua bebola logam yang seiras dipanaskan selama beberapa minit dalam air
mendidih. Dua bebola logam itu kemudian dipindahkan ke dalam dua buah bikar yang mengandungi
cecair X dan cecair Y.
Rajah 6.2 dan Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan bacaan awal dan bacaan akhir termometer dalam cecair X dan
cecair Y.
Boiling water
Air mendidih
Heat
Haba
40 oC
o
25 C
Liquid X
Mass = 300 g
Specific heat capacity = 2 100 J kg1
o 1

(a)
25 C
30 oC
Liquid Y
Mass = 300 g
Specific heat capacity = 4 200 J kg1
o 1
What is the meaning of specific heat capacity?

Apakah maksud muatan haba tentu?
Bab 4 : Haba
(b)
(i)
Chapter 4 : Heat
State the physical quantity measured by a thermometer.
Nyatakan kuantiti fizik yang diukur oleh sebuah termometer.
.
(ii)
Explain why the reading of the thermometer is taken after a few minutes?
Jelaskan mengapa bacaan termometer diambil selepas beberapa minit?
.
(c)
.
Based on Diagram 6.2 and Diagram 6.3:
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2 dan Rajah 6.3:
(i)
Compare the specific heat capacity of liquid X and liquid Y.

Bandingkan muatan haba tentu cecair X dan cecair Y.
.
(ii)
Compare the final readings of the thermometers in liquid X and liquid Y.

Bandingkan bacaan akhir termometer dalam cecair X dan cecair Y.
.
(iii) Compare the change in temperature of liquid X and liquid Y.

Bandingkan perubahan suhu bagi cecair X dan cecair Y.
.
(iv) State the relationship between specific heat capacity and change in temperature of the liquid.
Nytakan hubungan antara muatan haba tentu dan perubahan suhu cecair.
.
(d)
Which liquid is more suitable to be used as a coolant in the cooling system of a car?
Cecair yang manakah lebih sesuai digunakan sebagai bahan penyejuk dalam sistem penyejukan
sebuah kereta?
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
7.
Diagram 7 shows a tyre of a car that is going to be used to travel from Kuala Lumpur to
Kuala Terengganu.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebiji tayar kereta yang digunakan untuk perjalanan dari Kuala Lumpur ke
Kuala Terengganu.
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
(a)
After the long journey,

Selepas satu perjalanan yang jauh,
(i)
what happen to the temperature of the air in the tyre

apakah yang berlaku kepada suhu udara di dalam tayar.
.....
(ii)
state one other physical quantity that will also change.

nyatakan satu kuantiti fizik lain yang turut berubah.
.....
(b)
Based on the answers in (a) (i) and (a) (ii), name the gas law involve.
Berdasarkan jawapan dalam (a) (i) dan (a) (ii), namakan hukum gas yang terlibat.
.................
[1mark]/ [ 1 markah ]
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
c)
Before a long journey, the driver checked the air pressure of his car tyres. The air
pressure of the tyres was 200 kPa at a temperature 27C. After the journey, the air
pressure of the tyres was found to have increased to 230 kPa. What is the temperature
of the air in the tyre after the journey? [Assume the volume of the tyre is constant]
Sebelum memulakan perjalanan, seorang pemandu telah memeriksa tekanan udara tayar
keretanya. Tekanan udara tayar ialah 200 kPa pada suhu 27C. Selepas perjalanan tersebut,
tekanan udara dalam tayar didapati meningkat dengan tekanan udara 230 kPa. Berapakah
suhu udara selepas perjalanan tersebut. [ Anggapkan isipadu tayar tidak berubah]
[3 marks ]/[ 3 markah ]

(d)
The tyre in Diagram 7 is not suitable to be used on a muddy road. Suggest

modifications to be done based on the characteristics given.
Tayar di dalam Rajah 7 tidak sesuai digunakan di atas jalan berlumpur. Cadangkan
pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan berdasarkan ciri-ciri yang diberi.
(i)
Surface area of the tyre

Luas permukaan tayar
(ii)
..
Reason
Sebab
(iii)
..
The track of the tyre
Alur pada tayar
(iv)
..
Reason
Sebab
..
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
8.
(a)
A solid substance of mass 0.05 kg is heated using an immersion heater of
240V, 1 kW for 1.0 minute until its temperature is 78oC
Suatu bahan pepejal berjisim 0.05 kg dipanaskan menggunakan pemanas
rendam 240 V, 1 kW selama 1 minit sehinggan suhunya adalah 78oC.
(i)
What is the meaning of temperature?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan suhu?
..................................................................................................................
[1 mark]/[1 markah]
(ii)
Calculate the specific heat cpacity of the substance if the initial

temperature of the substance is 20oC?
Hitung muatan haba tentu bagi bahan itu jika suhu awal bahan itu
adalah 20oC?
[2 marks]/ [2 markah]
(b)
The substance is then put into a beaker filled with water of mass 2.0 kg and
temperature 28oC.
Bahan itu kemudiannya diletakkan ke dalam bikar berisi air berjisim 2.0 kg
dan suhu 28oC.
Calculate the final temperature of the substance and water.
Hitung suhu akhir bagi bahan itu dan air.
(Specific heat capacity of water is 4 200 Jkg-1oC-1)
(Muatan haba tentu bagi air adalah 4 200 Jkg-1oC-1)
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Bab 4 : Haba
(c)
Diagram 8.1 shows parts of the ice box used to store ice.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan bahagian bagi kotak ais.
Chapter 4 : Heat
Diagram 8.1
Rajah 8.1
Table 8 shows the characteristics of two different ice boxes.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi dua kotak ais yang berbeza.
Ice box
Kotak ais
R
S
T
U
Material X
Bahan X
Air
Udara
Polystyrene
Polisterin
Polystyrene
Polisterin
Air
Udara
Specific heat capacity of

inner box
Muatan haba tentu bagi
kotak dalam
Small
Kecil
Big
Besar
Small
Kecil
Big
Besar
Diameter of double
walled tube
Diameter bagi tiub
dinding dua lapis
Small
Kecil
Big
Besar
Big
Besar
Big
Besar
Table 8/Jadual 8
Based on Table 8, state the suitable characteristics of the ice box to be used as
an efficient ice storage .Give one reason for suitable characteristics.
Berdasarkan Jadual 8, nyatakan ciri-ciri kesesuaian kotak ais untuk digunakan
sebagai tempat simpanan ais yang cekap. Beri satu sebab untuk kesesuaian ciri itu.
(i)
Material X :
Bahan X :
..................................................................................................................
Reason :
Sebab :
..................................................................................................................
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
(ii)
The specific heat capacity of inner box :

Muatan haba tentu bagi kotak dalam :
..................................................................................................................
Reason :
Sebab :
................................................................................................................
(iii)
Diameter of double walled tube :

Diameter bagi tiub dinding dua lapis :
..................................................................................................................
Reason :
Sebab :
................................................................................................................
(d)
Based on the answers in 8(c) (i), 8(c)(ii) and 8(c)(iii), determine the most
suitable ice box to be used as an efficient ice storage .
Berdasarkan jawapan di 8(c) (i), 8(c)(ii) dan 8(c)(iii), tentukan kotak ais yang
paling sesuai digunakan sebagai tempat simpanan ais yang efisien.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]/ [1 markah]
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
Section B
[20 marks]
Answer any one question from this section.
Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show two identical polystyrene glasses are filled with hot water at the same
temperature.
Diagram 9.3 and Diagram 9.4 shows the changes in temperature of the water after 5 minutes
the water are cooled.
Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan dua biji gelas polisterina diisikan dengan air panas
pada suhu yang sama.
Rajah 9.3 dan 9.4 menunjukkan perubahan suhu air itu selepas 5 minit disejukkan.
(a) State the principle involved when the thermometer measure the temperature of water.
Nyatakan prinsip yang terlibat apabila termometer itu digunakan untuk mengukur suhu air.
(b) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 , compare the mass of water in the both glasses.
Using Diagram 9.3 and Diagram 9.4 , compare the reading of the thermometer and the rate of loss of
heat from the water in the glasses after 5 minutes.
Relate the mass of water and the rate of loss of heat from water to make a deduction
regarding the relationship between the mass of water and the quantity of heat in water.
Menggunakan Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 ,bandingkan jisim air dalam kedua-dua gelas,
Menggunakan Rajah 9.3 dan Rajah 9.4 , bandingkan bacaan termometer dan kadar kehilangan
haba daripada air dalam kedua-dua gelas selepas 5 minit.
Hubungkait jisim air dengan kadar kehilangan haba daripada air untuk membuat
deduksi tentang hubungan jisim air dengan kuantiti haba d idalam air.
[5 marks]/ [ 5 markah ]
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows the phenomenon of sea breeze.

Rajah menunjukkan fenomena bayu laut.
Diagram 9.3
Rajah 9.3
Explain how the phenomenon of sea breeze occurs.
Terangkan bagaimana fenomena bayu laut berlaku.
(d) Diagram 9.4 shows a cooling system of a motorcycle engine.

Rajah 9.4 menunjukkan sistem penyejukan sebuah enjin motosikal.
Diagram 9.4
Rajah 9.4
You are required to modify the fins in Diagram 9.4 so that it can cool the motorcycle
engine faster.
Anda dikehendaki untuk mengubahsuai sirip pada Rajah 9.4 supaya ia dapat menyejukkan
enjin motosikal dengan lebih cepat.
State and explain the modifications based on the following aspects:
Nyata dan terangkan pengubahsuaian berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut.
(i)
the specific heat capacity of the fin

Muatan haba tentu bagi sirip
(ii)
the melting point of the fin

takat lebur sirip
(iii)
the rate of expansion of the fin

kadar pengembangan sirip
(iv)
the heat conductivity of the fin

kekonduksian haba sirip
(v)
the number of the fin

bilangan sirip
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
Section C
[20 marks]
Answer any one question from this section
11.
Diagram 11.1 shows a thermometer use by a doctor to check the temperature of patients
body during medical treatment.
Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan satu thermometer yang digunakan oleh seorang doktor untuk memeriksa
suhu seorang pesakit semasa membuat rawatan.
Diagram 11.1
Rajah 11.1
(a)
What is meant by temperature?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan suhu?
[ 1 mark ]/[ 1 markah ]

(b)
According to the principle of thermal equilibrium and the working principle of a

thermometer, explain how a doctor can check his patient temperature during medical
treatment.
Merujuk kepada prinsip keseimbangan terma dan prinsip kerja termometer, terangkan
bagaimana seorang doktor dapat memeriksa suhu badan pesakit semasa membuat rawatan
kesihatan.
[ 4 mark ]/[ 4 markah ]
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
(c)
Diagram 11.2 shows an ice cream container used by an ice cream seller using his
motorcycle
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan bekas menyimpan ais krim yang digunakan oleh penjual ais krim
menggunakan motosikalnya
ice cream
Ice cream
Ais krim
Ice cream box

Kotak ais krim
Outer box
Kotak luar
Ice cube
Kiub ais
Diagram 11.2
Rajah 11.2
Table 11.3 shows the specification of four types of ice cream containers P, Q, R and S, that
can be used by an ice cream seller to carry ice cream.
Jadual 11.3 menunjukkan spesifikasi empat jenis bekas ais krim P, Q, R and S, yang boleh digunakan
oleh penjual ais krim untuk membawa ais krim.
Box
Kotak
Specific heat capacity of ice
cream box
Muatan haba Tentu kotak
aiskrim
High
Tinggi
High
Tinggi
Low
Rendah
Low
Rendah
Size of ice cream box

Saiz kotak aiskrim
Large
Besar
Small
Kecil
Small
Kecil
Large
Besar
Material of outer box

Bahan kotak luar
Copper
Tembaga
PVC plastic
Plastik PVC
PVC plastic
Plastik PVC
Aluminium
Aluminium
Colour of outer box

Warna kotak luar
Dark
Gelap
Bright
Cerah
Bright
Cerah
Dark
Gelap
Table 11.3/ Jadual 11.3
Bab 4 : Haba
Chapter 4 : Heat
You are required to determine the most suitable ice cream container to carry ice cream. Study
the specification of the four types of ice cream container based on the following aspects:
Anda dikehendaki untuk mengenalpasti bekas ais krim yang sesuai untuk membawa ais krim. Kaji
spesifikasi bagi empat jenis bekas ais krim berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
- Specific heat capacity of ice cream box

Muatan haba tentu kotak ais krim
- Size of ice cream box
Saiz kotak ais krim kotak ais krim
- Material of outer box
Bahan kotak luar
- Colour of outer box
Warna kotak luar
Explain the suitability of the aspects
Terangkan kesesuaian aspek aspek tersebut
(d)
A solid substance, of mass 0.05 kg, is heated using an immersion heater of

240 V, 0.1 kW. Diagram 11.4 shows the heating curve of the solid.
Suatu bahan dalam keadaan pepejal berjisim 0.05 kg dipanaskan menggunakan
pemanas rendam 240 V, 0.1 kW. Rajah 11.4 menunjukkan keluk pemanasan bagi pepejal
tersebut.
Temperature / C
218
78
30
Time / min
0
1.0
3.6
4.8
Diagram 11.4
Rajah 11.4
Calculate
Hitung
(i)
The specific latent heat of fusion of the substance
Haba pendam tentu pelakuran bahan itu
(ii)
The specific heat capacity of the substance in liquid state

Muatan haba tentu bahan itu dalam keadaan cecair
[ 5 marks ]/[5 markah ]
Bab 4 : Haba
Soalan 1
1 (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Chapter 4 : Heat
Bourdon Gauge
Pressure
Increase
Pressure Law
Total
1
1
1
1
4
Soalan 2
2. (a)
300 s
(b)
1
Pt = ml
100 x ( 1050 300) = 0.5 l

l= 150 000 J kg-1m(with unit)
2
(c)
Heat supplied is used to break up bonds between molecules

Heat is not used to increase kinetic energy
Total
Soalan 3
3. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Net heat flow is zero / temperature is equal

The initial temperature of cloth is lower than the body temperature
Heat energy is transferred until temperature is equal / no heat loss
Heat energy, Q = m c q
= 0.3 (4200) ( 38 30 )
= 10080 J (with unit)
Decrease
1
2
2
Total
1
6
Soalan 4
4(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b) (i)
Two objects at thermal equilibrium have no net flow of heat between them
40 oC
Reduce heat loss to the surroundings
Change in temperature of P (100 40) //
Change in temperature of water (40 28)
0 4 c (100 40) = 0 2 4200 (40 28)
c = 420 J kg1oC1
(ii) No heat is lost to the surroundings
1
1
1
Total
1
1
1
1
7
Bab 4 : Haba
Soalan 5
Chapter 4 : Heat
5(a)
Thermal equilibrium
(b)
Mass of the water in Diagram 5.2 > 5.1
(c)(i)
The reading in of thermometer in 5.3 < 5.4
(c)(ii)
(d)
The rate of heat loss from water in Diagram 5.3 >5.4

Quantity of Heat in Diagram 5.4 > 5.3
1
1
( e)
When the mass increases quantity of heat increases
(f)
Total
Soalan 6
6(a)
(b)
(i) -
(c)
Heat required to change the temperature of one unit of mass of a substance

by 1oC
Temperature
1
1
(ii) -
The thermometer needs some time to achieve thermal equilibrium with the
liquid
(i) -
Specific heat capacity of Y is higher than X
(ii) - Final reading of thermometer in liquid X is higher than in Y
(iii) -
The change in temperature of liquid X is higher than Y
(iv) -
The higher the specific heat capacity, the smaller the change in temperature
1
(d)
Liquid Y
1
Total
Bab 4 : Haba
Soalan 7
7.
Chapter 4 : Heat
(a) (i)
(ii)
Increase
Pressure
1
1
(b)
Pressure Law
(c)
T2 = P2 T1 = 230 x 300 = 345 K // 72 C

P1
200
Mk 1- Conversion of unit from C to Kelvin
Mk 2- Substitution
Mk 3- Answer with correct unit
3
1
1
1
1
(d) (i)
Wider surface area
(ii)
The pressure exerted on road is reduced
(iii) Thick tyre thread
To give better grip to the road
Total
10
Soalan 8
8 (a)(i)
(a)(ii)
(b)
(c)(i)
(c)(ii)
(c)(iii)
(d)
The degree of hotness of an object
1 x 103 (1.0 x 60) = 0.05 c (78 20)
2.069 x 105 Jkg-1oC-1

0.05 (2.069 x 105)(78 ) = 2.0 (4 200) ( 28)
55.6oC
1
1
1
Polystyrene
Good heat insulator
Big
Do not easily absorbed heat from surrounding // Not
easily hot // Not easily releases heat to the ice
2
2
Big
Prevent heat from outside to easily enter
S
2
1
Total
12
Bab 4 : Haba
Soalan 9
9 (a)
(b)
(c)
Chapter 4 : Heat
Thermal equilibrium
Mass of the water in diagram 9.1 < 9.2
The reading in of thermometer in 9.3 < 9.4
The rate of heat loss from water in Diagram 9.3 >9.4
Mass decreases, the rate of heat loss is increases
When the mass increases quantity of heat increases
Specific heat capacity of land is lower
Temperature of the land is higher
Air above the land rises
Cooler air from sea moves to the land
Design
Reasons
Specific heat capacity
is low
Melting point is high
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1,2
Faster to get hot

Does not melt easily
3,4
Good conductor of
heat
Rate of expansion is
moderate
The number of fin is
many
The heat can be lost

easily
5,6
7,8
The shape of the fin

unchange
9,10
More heat is released

Total
20
Bab 4 : Haba
Soalan 11
Chapter 4 : Heat
Temperature is the measure of the degree of hotness of an object.
11. (a)
Thermometer is placed in the mouth of patient,

Heat is transferred from patients body to the thermometer.
Thermal equilibrium between the thermometer and patients body is
reached when the net rate of heat transfer is zero.
The thermometer and the patients body are at the same temperature. The
thermometer reading shows the temperature of the patients body.
(b)
4
1. Low specific heat capacity of ice cream box
2. Easy get cold // becomes cool quickly
3. Smaller size of ice cream box
4. Easier to carry // easy too become cool
5. Plastic PVC
6. Poor conductor of heat
7. Bright colour of outer box
8. Does not absorb heat from surrounding quickly
9. R is chosen
10. because Low specific heat capacity of ice cream box, Smaller size of ice
cream box, Plastic PVC, Bright colour of outer box
(c)
(b) (i)
(ii)
Pt
m
= 0.1 x 10 3 x 156
0.05
= 312000 J kg-1
10
t = 72 s (from graph)
c = Pt
m
= 0.1 x 10 3 x 72
0.05 x 140
= 1028.57 J kg-1 C
L =
Total
2
20
Bab 5: Cahaya
1
Chapter 5: Light
Rajah 1 menunjukkan suatu objek diletakkan, di hadapan sebuah cermin.

Diagram 1 shows an object placed in front of a mirror.
Rajah 1 / Diagram 1
(a)
Namakan jenis cermin yang digunakan dalam Rajah 1.

Name the type of mirror shown in Diagram 1.
[1 mark]
(b)
Lukiskan imej dalam petak yang disediakan pada Rajah 1.

Draw the image in the box given in Diagram 1.
(c)
Berdasarkan Rajah 1, tandakan () pada pernyataan yang betul mengenai imej yang
terbentuk.
Based on Diagram 1, tick () the correct statement about the image formed.
Imej boleh terbentuk pada skrin.
The image can be formed on a screen.
Imej tidak boleh terbentuk pada skrin.

The image cannot be formed on a screen.
[1 mark]
(d)
Apakah yang terjadi pada saiz imej jika objek diletakkan pula di X?
What happens to the size of the image if the object is placed at X?
[1 mark]
Bab 5: Cahaya
2
Chapter 5: Light
Seorang juruselam dapat melihat seekor udang kara yang tersembunyi di belakang seketul batu
dalam air seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.
A diver is able to see a lobster which is hidden behind a piece of rock in the water as shown in
Diagram 2.
Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
(i) Dalam Rajah 2, lukiskan lintasan sinar cahaya untuk menunjukkan bagaimana juruselam dapat
melihat udang kara itu.
On Diagram 2, draw the path of light ray to show how the diver is able to sees the lobster.
[2 marks / 2 markah]
(ii) Namakan fenomena yang terjadi.
Name the phenomenon that occurs.
___________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Explain how the phenomenon can occur.
Terangkan bagaimana fenomena ini boleh berlaku.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. (a) Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu objek O diletakkan dihadapan sebuah kanta cekung.
Figure 3.1 shows an object O placed in front of a concave lens.
Bab 5: Cahaya
Chapter 5: Light
(i)
Lukiskan gambar rajah sinar cahaya untuk menunjukkan kedudukan imej pada Rajah
3.1.
Draw ray diagram to show the formation of image on Figure 3.1.
[2 markah]
(ii)
Nyatakan dua ciri imej yang terbentuk.

State two characteristics of the image formed.
..
[1 markah]
(b)
Kanta cekung digantikan dengan sebuah cermin cembung.

The concave lens is then replaced with a convex mirror.
(i)
Lukiskan gambar rajah sinar cahaya untuk menunjukkan kedudukan

imej pada Rajah 3.2.
Draw ray diagram to shows the formation of image on Figure 3.2.
[2 markah]
(ii)
Nyatakan ciri-ciri imej yang sama di antara Rajah 3.1 dan 3.2.
State the similar characteristics of the images between Figure 3.1 and 3.2.
.
[1 markah]
Bab 5: Cahaya
4.
Chapter 5: Light
Rajah 4 menunjukkan doktor gigi menggunakan cermin untuk melihat dengan teliti pada gigi
pesakit itu.
Diagram 4 shows a dentist used a mirror to look closely at his patients teeth.
Diagram 4
(a)
Nyatakan fenomena cahaya yang menyebabkan imej gigi \

State the light phenomenon that causes the image of the teeth.
..
[ 1 mark ]
(b)
Namakan jenis cermin yang digunakan oleh doktor gigi.

Name the type of the mirror used by the dentist.
....
[ 1 mark ]
(c)
Menyatakan ciri-ciri imej yang terbentuk.

State the characteristics of the image formed.
....
....
[ 2 marks ]
(d)
Dalam rajah di bawah, anak panah mewakili gigi sebagai objek cermin. Lengkapkan rajah
sinar dengan melukis sinar yang diperlukan untuk menentukan kedudukan imej.
In the diagram below, the arrow represents the teeth as the object of the mirror. Complete
the ray diagram by drawing the required rays to locate the position of the image.
[ 3 marks ]
Bab 5: Cahaya
5
Chapter 5: Light
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan gambarajah sinar cahaya yang melalui kanta mata apabila seseorang
mengalami myopia.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan gambarajah sinar cahaya yang melalui kanta mata apabila seseorang
mengalami hyper-metropia.
Diagram 5.1 shows light rays passing through the eyelens when a person is having a myopia.
Diagram 5.2 shows the light rays passing through the eyelens when a person is having a
hyper- metropia.
Rajah 5.1
Diagram 5.1
(a)
(b)
Rajah 5.2
Diagram 5.2
Namakan fenomena cahaya yang terlibat bagi kedua-dua rajah.

Name the light phenomenon involved in both diagrams.
[1 mark]
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2, bandingkan;
Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2, compare;
(i) jarak objek
their object distance
..
[1 mark]
(ii) jarak imej
their image distance
(c)
.
[1 mark]
Bagi membolehkan seseorang melihat dengan jelas, nyatakan di manakah imej terbentuk di dalam
mata?
In order for a person to see clearly, state where should the image formed in the eye?
.
[1 mark]
Bab 5: Cahaya
(d)
Chapter 5: Light
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2, nyatakan jenis kanta yang boleh digunakan untuk
membetulkan keadaan dalam;
Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2, state the type of lens that can be used to correct the
situation in;
(i) Rajah 5.1:
Diagram 5.1:
............................................................................................................ ...
[1 mark]
(ii) Rajah 5.2 :
Diagram 5.2 :
.
[1 mark]
(e)
Dengan menggunakan jawapan anda dalam d(i), lukiskan kanta dalam kotak yang disediakan dan
lengkapkan gambarajah sinar dalam Rajah 5.3 untuk menunjukkan bagaimana masalah myopia
boleh diatasi.
By using your answer in (d)(i), draw the lens in the box provided and complete the ray diagram in
Diagram 5.3 to show how myopia can be corrected.
Diagram 5.3
ajah 5.3
6.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan seorang bayi bersandar pada satu cermin satah.
Diagram 6.1 shows a baby leans against a plane mirror.
Diagram 6.1 Rajah 6.1
Bab 5: Cahaya
Chapter 5: Light
(a) Namakan fenomena cahaya yang membentukkan imej.

Name the light phenomenon that forms the image.
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(b) Saiz imej adalah sama dengan bayi dan tegak. Nyatakan dua ciri-ciri lain bagi imej bayi.
The size of the image is the same as the baby and is upright. State two other characteristics of the
babys image.
1.____________________________________________________________________
2.____________________________________________________________________
(c) Apabila bayi bergerak 30 cm jauh dari cermin, berapakah jarak antara bayi dan imejnya?
When the baby moves 30 cm away from the mirror. What is the distance between the baby and the
image?
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(d) Jika huruf F diletakkan di hadapan cermin, bagaimanakah kelihatan huruf itu?
If the letter F is placed in front of the mirror, how would the letter appear to be ?
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(e) Nyatakan satu fenomena lain yang disebabkan oleh cahaya bergerak dalam garis lurus.
State another phenomenon caused by light travels in a straight line.
______________________________________________________________________
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(f) Seorang murid berdiri di hadapan cermin satah dan boleh melihat imej lampu seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 6.2.
A student stands in front of a plane mirror and is able to see the image of a lamp as shown in
Diagram 6.2.
Bab 5: Cahaya
Chapter 5: Light
Lukiskan rajah sinar untuk menunjukkan bagaimana murid itu dapat melihat imej lampu.
Draw a ray diagram to show how the student can see the image of the lamp.
7.
Rajah 7.1 menunujukkan sebuah teleskop astronomi dalam pelarasan normal. Kuasa kanta objek
teleskop itu 2 D and kuasa kanta matanya 20 D. Diameter kanta objek lebih besar berbanding
dengan diameter kanta mata.
Figure 7.1 shows an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment. Lens power for the telescope
objective lens is 2 D and power eyepiece is 20 D. Eye lens power objective lens diameter greater
than the diameter of the lens of the eye.
Kanta mata
eyepiece len
Kanta objek
objective lens
RAJAH 7.1
Diagram 7.1
(a) (i) Mengapakah kanta objek teleskop perlu mempunyai diameter yang besar ?
Why telescope objective lens needs to have a large diameter?
...
...
[ 1 markah ]
(ii) Hitungkan panjang teleskop itu .
Calculate the length of the telescope.
[ 2 markah ]
Bab 5: Cahaya
Chapter 5: Light
(b) Ali mendapati teleskop astromoni yang dibina tidak sesuai untuk melihat objek jauh pada
pemukaan bumi. Ali mengubah kedudukan kanta objek dan kanta mata teleskopnya serta
menambahkan 2 komponen optik, D, yang serupa untuk mendapatkan imej yang lebih baik..
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan struktur alat optik yang diubahsuai oleh Ali.
Ali found astromoni built telescope is not suitable for viewing distant objects on the surface of
the earth. Ali changed the position of the objective lens and eyepiece of his telescope and
added two optical components, D, similar to get better image .
Figure 7.2 shows the structure of an optical device that is modified by Ali.
Kanta objek
objective len
Kanta mata
eyepiece len
RAJAH 7.2 / Diagram 7.2
(i) Teleskop pada Rajah 7.1 tidak sesuai bagi membuat pecerapan semasa aktiviti
perkhemahan. Terangkan.
Telescope in Figure 7.1 is not suitable for making observations while camping. Explain.
.
.
.
[ 2 markah ]
Bab 5: Cahaya
Chapter 5: Light
(ii) Namakan komponen optik tambahan, D, yang diperlukan untuk mengatasi masalah
di (b) (i)
Name the additional optical components, D, which is needed to overcome
problems in (b) (i).
[ 1 markah ]
(iii) Lukiskan kedua-dua komponen optik tambahan, D, dalam dua petak ditandakan
supaya masalah yang dihadapi dalam (b)(i) dapat di atasi.
Draw two additional optical components, D, in two box indicated that the problems
encountered in (b) (i) can be overcome.
[ 2 markah ]
(iv) Lengkapkan lintasan sinar cahaya yang memasuki kanta objek sehingga sampai ke
mata pemerhati
Complete the ray path of light entering the objective lens up to the observer's eyes
[ 1 markah ]
(v)
Nyatakan fenenoma cahaya yang berlaku dalam komponen optik tambahan itu.
State light fenenoma occurring in the optical components subsidiary.
...........................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]
8.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu objek,O dengan ketinggian 2 cm diletakkan di sebelah kiri kanta
cembung,X. Panjang fokus kanta cembung ini ialah 10 cm.
Diagram 8 shows an object, O with height 2 cm placed on the left side of a convex lens, X. The
focal length of the convex lens is 10 cm.
Bab 5: Cahaya
(a)
Chapter 5: Light
Pada Rajah 8 lukiskan lintasan sinar dari objek untuk membentuk imej.
In Diagram 8 draw the ray path from the object to form an image
[2 mark]
[2 markah]
(b) Nyatakan ciri-ciri imej yang terbentuk.
State the characteristics of the image formed.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(c) Jika objek diletakkan pada jarak 30 cm dari kanta, hitung:
If the object is placed at a distance 30 cm from the lens, calculate:
(i)
Jarak imej
the image distance.
.
[2 mark]
[2 markah]
(ii)
Pembesaran linear.
Linear magnification.
.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(d) Anda diberi satu kanta cembung yang lain, Y dengan kuasa 2 Diopter. Anda dikehendaki
mereka satu teleskop astronomi ringkas menggunakan kedua-dua kanta cembung X dan Y.
You are given another convex lens, Y with power 2 Diopter. You are required to create a
simple astronomical telescope using convex lenses X and Y.
(i)
Kanta manakah yang sesuai dijadikan kanta objek dan kanta mata?
Which lens is suitable to be objective lens and eyepiece?
Kanta objek
Objective lens
Kanta mata
Eyepiece
[2 mark]
[2 markah]
Bab 5: Cahaya
(ii)
Chapter 5: Light
Berikan alasan bagi jawapan di ( d) (i).
Give one reason to your answer in (d) (i).
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(e) Lukiskan susunan kanta dan lakarkan lintasan sinar dari satu objekyang jauh dengan
menggunakan kanta cembung X dan Y untuk membentuk satu teleskop astronomi ringkas.
Draw the arrangement of the lenses and sketch the ray path from distance object using
convex lenses X and Y to form a simple astronomical telescope.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
9
Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan sinar cahaya daripada dua objek yang serupa melalui kanta
cembung R dan S. Kedua-dua kanta menghasilkan imej nyata. F ialah titik fokus bagi setiap kanta.
Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the light rays from two identical objects passing through
convex lenses, R and S. Both the lenses produce real images. F is the focal point for each lens.
Bab 5: Cahaya
Chapter 5: Light
(a) (i) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan imej nyata?

What is meant by real image?
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Berapakah jarak objek untuk objek tersebut membentuk imej nyata?
What is the object distance for the object to form real image?
[1 mark / 1 markah]
(ii) Bandingkan jarak objek, jarak imej dan saiz imej yang dihasilkan oleh kanta R dan S.
Buatkan satu kesimpulan mengenai hubungan antara jarak objek dan saiz imej.
Compare the object distance, the image distance and the size of the image produced by the
lenses R and S. Make a deduction regarding the relationship between the object distance and
the size of the image.
(b) Terangkan satu kaedah untuk menganggarkan kuasa kanta cembung. Nyatakan unit untuk kuasa
kanta.
Explain a method to estimate the power of a convex lens. State the unit for power of lens.
(c) Anda diberi dua kanta cembung, K dan L masing-masing mempunyai panjang fokus 5 cm dan 50
cm. Kedua-dua kanta dilaraskan untuk membina satu teleskop ringkas pada pelarasan normal.
You are given two convex lenses, K and L with focal lengths 5 cm and 50 cm respectively. Both the
lenses are adjusted to construct a simple telescope at normal adjustment.
(i) Terangkan bagaimana anda menjalankan pembinaan teleskop ringkas.
Explain how the method you are going to carry out to construct the simple telescope.
(ii) Nyatakan tiga perbezaan antara teleskop dan mikroskop majmuk.
State three differences between telescope and compound microscope.
Bab 5: Cahaya
10
Chapter 5: Light
Gambarajah 11.1 menunjukkan seorang pengumpul setem sedang meneliti sekeping setem
menggunakan kanta pembesar.
Diagram 11.1 shows a stamp collector examines a stamp using a magnifying glass.
Rajah 11.1 / Diagram11.1

Jadual 11 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat jenis kanta pembesar
Table 11 shows characteristics of four types of magnifying glass
Ciri-ciri
Characteristics
Jenis kanta
pembesar
Peratus cahaya
Types of
dipancarkan / %
Magnifying
Jenis kanta Type Jarak fokus
Percentage of
glass
of lens
Focal length /
light
cm
transmitted
J
90
95
95
85
Cembung
Convex
Cekung
Concave
Cembung
Convex
Cekung
Concave
Jadual 11
Table 11
Diameter/cm
5.0
15.0
20.0
5.0
20.0
15.0
5.0
5.0
Bab 5: Cahaya
(a)
Chapter 5: Light
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jarak fokus?

What is meant by the focal length?
[1 mark]
(b)
Anda dikehendaki memilih kanta pembesar yang sesuai untuk digunakan oleh pengumpul
setem untuk meneliti setemnya
You are requested to choose the magnifying glass to be used by a stamp collector to
examines the stamps.
Dengan merujuk kepada ciri-ciri yang diberikan dalam Jadual 11, terangkan
kesesuaian setiap ciri dan cadangkan kanta pembesar yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan oleh
pengumpul setem tersebut.
By referring to the characteristics given in Table 11, explain the suitability of each
characteristic and suggest the most suitable magnifying glass to be used by a stamp
collector.
[10 marks]
(c)
Seorang pelajar menggunakan kanta pembesar M untuk memerhati semut yang kecil
pada jarak 2 cm.
A student is using a magnifying glass M to observe a small ant at a distance of 2 cm.
(i)
Kirakan jarak imej.

Calculate the image distance.
[2 marks]
(ii)
Tentukan pembesaran linear bagi imej semut tersebut.

Determine the linear magnification of the image of the ant.
[2 marks]
(d)
Anda diberikan satu kanta .Huraikan bagaimana anda dapat menentukan kuasa kanta
tersebut. Nyatakan hubungan antara kuasa kanta dengan panjang fokus kanta.
You are given a convex lens. Describe how the power of the lens can be determined.
State the relationship between power and focal length of a lens.
[5 marks]
Bab 5: Cahaya
Chapter 5: Light
Skema Jawapan Bab 5

Q. no
1
Jawapan
Mencapah // Kanta Cembung
Imej tidak boleh terbentuk pada skrin.

Imej menjadi kecil
a)
b)
c)
d)
JUMLAH
Q. no
2
Jawapan
Markah
2
(
i
)
( Total internal reflection

Pantulan dalam penuh
i
i
)
( Light travels from denser medium to less dense medium.
Cahaya merambat dari medium lebih tumpat ke medium yang
i
i kurang tumpat.
Angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle
i
Sudut tuju lebih besar daripada sudut genting
)
JUMLAH
Q.
no
3
a) (i)
Markah
1
1
1
1
4
5
Jawapan
Markah
- 2 alur cahaya
- Imej
Bab 5: Cahaya
(ii)
Chapter 5: Light
Maya, tegak, lebih kecil dari objek
b) (i)
(ii)
- 2 alur cahaya
- Imej maya Maya, tegak, lebih kecil dari objek
JUMLAH
(a)
Reflection of light
(b)
Concave mirror
(c)
Virtual, upright and magnified
1
1
(d)
1
1
1
Total
5
(a)
(b)
(i)
Refraction
Object distance 5.1 > 5.2
(ii)
Image distance 5.1 < 5.2
1
1
Image must be on the retina.
(i)
Concave lens
(ii)
Convex lens
(c)
(d)
7
1
Bab 5: Cahaya
(e)
Q. no
6
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Chapter 5: Light
1. Correct shape of lens (concave) drawn in the box
2. Light rays diverge after passing through concave lens then
converge on the retina after passing through eye lens.
Total
Jawapan
Reflection Pantulan
1. Virtual 2. Laterally inverted
Maya Sonsang sisi
60 cm
F terbalik
Eclipse of Sun
Gerhana matahari
Markah
1
2
1
1
f)
2
JUMLAH
7 (a)(i)
(ii)
8
Menumpulkan lebih banyak cahaya ( dari objek ) supaya imej lebih terang
Menghitungkan panjang fokus dengan betul

f 0 = 1 m / 0.5 m / 50 cm
2
atau
f 0 = 1 m / 0.05 m / 5 cm
20
Menghitungkan panjang teleskop
Panjang = ( 50 + 5 ) = 55 cm
(b)(i)
(ii)
Teleskop panjang / sukar dibawa

Imej songsang
1
1
Prisma 45
Bab 5: Cahaya
Chapter 5: Light
(iii)
1
1
Susunan prisma pertama betul
Susunan prisma kedua betul
[ Nota: Terima rajah prisma 3 dimensi / 2 dimensi ]
(iv)
Lintasan sinaran cahaya betul
(v)
Pantulan dalam penuh
1
JUMLAH
QUESTION 8
Mark
Answer
(a)
State the correct meaning of refraction

The changes of direction and speed of light when it
crosses the boundary between two materials of
different optical densities.
Complete the ray diagram correctly
Line parallel principle axis bending through F,
Straight from object pass through optical centre of the
lens,
Show / draw an image at correct position (intercept).
(b)
1
1
1
(c)
(d)(i)
1
1
1
(d)(i)
1
(d)(ii)
1
State the correct characteristics

Real, inverted and magnified.
Correct calculation or answer
X: m = 4
Y: m = 10
Z: m = 20
Give the correct choice
Y and Z
Give the correct choice
X and Z
10
Note
State all three characteristics
Bab 5: Cahaya
Chapter 5: Light
(e)(i)
1
(e)(ii)
TOTAL
Q.
no
9
a)
b)
c) (i)
1
12
State the correct choice

Lens Z
Give the correct reason
Larger and clearer image.
Jawapan
Markah
(i) Image that can form on the screen.

Imej boleh dibentuk di atas skrin.
(ii) Object distance greater than focal length.

Jarak objek lebih besar daripada panjang fokus.
(iii) The object distance in Diagram 9.1 is shorter than Diagram 9.2.
Jarak objek dalam Rajah 9.1 lebih pendek daripada Rajah 9.2.
The image distance in Diagram 9.1 is longer than Diagram 9.2.
Jarak imej dalam Rajah 9.1 lebih panjang daripada Rajah 9.2.
The size of the image in Diagram 9.1 is larger than Diagram 9.2.
Saiz imej dalam Rajah 9.1 lebih besar daripada Rajah 9.2.
The image distance increases, the size of the image decrease.
Jarak imej semakin bertambah, saiz imej semakin berkurang.
The size of the image is inversely proportional to the object
distance./
The object distance increases, the size of the image decreases.
Saiz imej berkadar secara songsang kepada jarak objek. /Jarak objek
semakin bertambah, saiz imej semakin berkurang.
Light from distant object is focused onto the screen. Screen is
adjusted until a sharp image is formed. Measure the distance from the
screen to the lens, which is the focal length of the lens. Power = 1/ f ,
where f in meter and P in dioptre.
Cahaya daripada objek yang jauh difokuskan pada skrin. Skrin
dilaraskan sehingga satu imej tajam terbentuk. Ukurkan jarak dari
skrin ke kanta di mana ini ialah panjang fokus kanta itu.
Kuasa = 1/ f di mana f dalam meter dan P dalam diopter.
Light rays from distant object is focused onto focal point of lens L.
The image formed, I acts as object for lens K at the focal point of
lens K. Distance between lens L and lens K is (50 + 5) = 55 cm.The
final image is enlarged, virtual, inverted and at the infinity.
Sinar cahaya dari objek yang jauh difokuskan pada titik fokus kanta
L. Imej terbentuk, I bertindak sebagai objek bagi kanta K berada pada
titik fokus kanta K.
Jarak antara kanta L dan K ialah (50 + 5) = 55 cm. Imej akhir
diperbesarkan, maya, songsang dan di infiniti.
Bab 5: Cahaya
(ii)
JUMLAH
Chapter 5: Light
Telescope
Teleskop
Microscope
Mikroskop
Power of objective
lens is lower than
eyepiece
Kuasa kanta objektif
lebih rendah daripada
kanta mata
Power of objective
lens is higher than the
eyepiece
Kuasa kanta objektif
lebih tinggi daripada
kanta mata
Object is at infinity
Objek berada di infi niti
Object is very near

Objek sangat dekat
Final image is at
infinity
Imej akhir berada di
infiniti
Final image is near

the microscope
Imej akhir dekat mikroskop
20
Bab 5: Cahaya
Bhg
Chapter 5: Light
Mrk
Soalan 10
(a)
1
Jawapan
The distance from the primary focus to the optical center
(b)
1
2
It should be convex
The magnified image can be obtained
3
4
Percentage of light of the lenses should be high

The image would be brighter and clearer
5
6
Its focal length should be short

The power of lens will be high and can be focused at a short
distance
7
8
diameter of lens should be large

it is gives a bigger display
the most suitable brand is J
10
type of lens is convex, percentage of light is high , focal length is short and
size is bigger
(c)
(i)
1
2
( ii )
1/f = 1/v + 1/u

1/5 = + 1/v
v = - 3.33cm
1
2
magnification = v/u
3.33/2
1.67 times
Or 5/3times
The lens is directed to a distant object such as tree
The screen was adjusted behind the lens until a sharp image
formed
the distance between the lens and the screen measured
The power of the lens are determined using 1/f
The shorter the focal length the more the power of lens.
(d)
Total
20 M
Catatan
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
BAHAGIAN A
SOALAN 1
Diagram below shows electromagnetic wave propagates through air.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan gelombang elektromagnet merambat melalui ruang udara.
Magnetic field/ Medan Magnet
Electric field/
Medan Elecktrik
(a)
Wave
direction
What is meant by electromagnetic wave?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan gelombang elektromagnet?
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(b)
Give one common characteristic of the electromagnetic waves.

Berikan satu ciri sepunya bagi gelombang-gelombang elektromagnet.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c)
Table below shows three types of electromagnetic wave and their applications.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan tiga jenis gelombang elektromagnet dan kegunaannya.
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
Remote control
Infra red
Infra merah
(i)
Radio
Radio wave
Gelombang radio
Radar system
W
What is the type of electromagnetic wave, W which used in the radar system?
Apakah jenis gelombang elektromagnet, W yang digunakan dalam sistem radar?
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii)
Give one reason for your answer.

Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
SOALAN 2
Diagram below shows two pulses of waves P and Q respectively moving toward to each
other in a slinky spring.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua denyutan gelombang spring slinki P dan Q masingmasing bergerak ke arah satu sama lain.
P
R
-a
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(a)
Chapter 6: WAVE
What type of wave is produced in diagram above?

Apakah jenis gelombang yang dihasilkan dalam rajah di atas?
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(b)
Sketch the shape of slinky spring and label the resultant amplitude of the pulse
when the two pulses meet at point R.
Lakarkan bentuk spring slinki dan labelkan amplitude paduan apabila dua
denyutan bertemu pada titk R.
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(c)
Diagram below show the pulse moving slinky spring. Velocity of the pulse
moving slinky spring is 24 cm s-1.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan denyutan gerakan spring slinki. Halaju denyutan
gerakan spring slinki ialah 24 cm s-1.
12 cm
Calculate the frequency of the pulse moving slinky spring.

Hitungkan frekuensi denyutan gerakan spring slinki.
[ 2 marks/ markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
SOALAN 3
Diagram (a) shows the propagation of water waves in a ripple tank over a perspex plate in the
shape of a trapezium.
Diagram(b) shows the propagation of water waves from the sea as they advance towards the
beach.
Rajah(a) menunjukkan perambatan gelombang air dalam tangki riak merentasi satu kepingan
perspek berbentuk trapezium.
Rajah(b) menunjukkan perambatan gelombang air dari laut dalam menghampiri kawasan
pantai.
Diagram (a)
Rajah (a)
(a)
Diagram (b)
Rajah (b)
Based on Diagram(a) and Diagram(b):

Berdasarkan Rajah(a) dan Rajah(b):
(i)
State one similarities for the situations in Diagram(a) and (b).

Nyatakan dua kesamaan untuk situasi dalam Rajah(a) dan (b).
[ 1 marks/ markah]
(ii)
Name the phenomenon observed.

Namakan fenomena yang diperhatikan.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(b)
(i)
Chapter 6: WAVE
What is happening to the distance between the wavefronts as the water waves
approach the beach?
Apa yang berlaku terhadap jarak antara muka gelombang apabila gelombang air
menghampiri pantai?
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii)
Explain your answer in (b)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (b)(i).
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c)
The trapezium shaped perspex plate is replaced with a convex shaped Perspex plate as
shown in Diagram (c).
Kepingan perspek berbentuk trapezium digantikan dengan kepingan perspek berbentuk
cembung seperti Rajah(c).
Draw the wave produced as the wave pass through the convex shaped perspex plate
Diagram(c).
Lukisan gelombang yang terhasil apabila gelombang itu melalui kepingan perspeks
berbentuk cembung pada Rajah(c).
[ 2 marks/ markah]
SOALAN 4
Diagram below shows the arrangement of apparatus to determine the wavelength of

monochromatic light. A fringe pattern is formed on the translucent screen. The distance between
the two slits S1 and S2 is x mm and the distance from the screen with double slits screen is D m.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan alat radas untuk mencari panjang gelombang cahaya
monokromatik. Corak jalur terhasil pada skrin legap. Jarak antara 2 celah S1 dan S2 ialah x mm
dan jarak antara skrin dan dwicelah ialah D m.
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(a)
Chapter 6: WAVE
What is meant by monochromatic light?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan cahaya monokromatik?
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(b)
(i)
Describe the fringe pattern which can be observed on the screen.

Terangkan corak jalur yang dapat diperhatikan pada skrin.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii)
What is the wave phenomenon involved in (b)(i)?

Apakah fenomena gelombang yang berlaku di (b)(i)?
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c)
What happens to the pattern of the fringes when

Apakah yang terjadi kepada corak jalur apabila
(i)
Distance between S1 and S2 increases:

Jarak di antara S1 dan S2 bertambah:
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(ii)
Chapter 6: WAVE
D decreases:
D berkurangan:
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(d)
If D=3m , a=0.5 mm and the distance between four fringes is 12mm, calculate the
wavelength of the light wave formed on the screen.
Jika D=3m, a=0.5 mm dan jarak antara empat jalur ialah 12 mm, kira panjang
gelombang bagi gelombang bagi cahaya yang dipapar pada skrin.
[ 2 marks/ markah]
SOALAN 5
Diagram (a) and Diagram (b) show images are formed in a ripple tank when two water waves are
produced by two coherent sources.
Rajah (a) dan Rajah (b) menunjukkan imej yang terbentuk dalam tangki riak apabila dua
gelombang air dihasilkan oleh dua punca yang koheren.
Diagram (a)
Rajah (a)
Diagram (b)
Rajah (b)
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(a)
Chapter 6: WAVE
What is meant by two coherent sources?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan dua sumber koheren?
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(b)
Observe Diagram(a) and (b), compare

Perhatikan Rajah (a) dan (b), bandingkan
(i)
The wavelength of the water wave.

Panjang gelombang bagi gelombang air.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii)
The distances between two consecutive nodal lines, x.

Jarak antara dua garis nodal berturutan, x.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c)
(i)
Relate the wavelength, to the distance between two consecutive nodal lines, x.
Hubungkait panjang gelombang, dengan jarak antara dua garis nodal berturutan,
x.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii)
Name the wave phenomenon involved.

Namakan fenomena gelombang terlibat.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(d)
Chapter 6: WAVE
A student carries out an experiment to investigate the water wave phenomena using the
apparatus as in Diagram below.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji fenomena gelombang air
menggunakan radas seperti dalam Rajah di bawah.
Lamp
Lampu
Water
Air
Vibrating bar
Bar bergetar
M echanical stroboscope
Stroboskop mekanikal
Perspex plate
Plat perspek
White paper (screen)

Kertas putih (skrin)
Plane water waves

Gelombang air
Diagram below shows the side view of the plane water in the ripple tank.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan pandangan sisi gelombang air satah dalam tangki riak.
(i)
Complete the paths of the rays to explain how bright and dark regions formed on the
white paper below the ripple tank.
Lengkapkan Rajah di bawah bagi menerangkan bagaimana kawasan cerah dan
gelap terbentuk pada kertas putih di bawah tangki riak.
Ripple tank
Tangki riak
White paper
Kertas putih
A
B
[ 2 marks/ markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(ii)
Chapter 6: WAVE
Determine the types of region that formed at A and B.

Tentukan jenis kawasan yang terbentuk pada A dan B.
A : ......................................
B : ......................................
[ 1 mark/ markah]
SOALAN 6
Diagram below shows a few ways of radio wave propagation.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan beberapa kaedah perambatan gelombang radio.
Ionosphere
Ionosfera
Wave Y
Gelombang Y
Wave X
Gelombang X
Transmission tower
Menara penghantaran
Earth Satellite station
Stesen satelit bumi
(a)
Name the two electromagnet waves used in diagram above.

Namakan dua gelombang electromagnet yang digunakan dalam rajah di atas.
Wave X / gelombang X :
Wave Y / gelombang Y :
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(b)
State two differences between wave X and wave Y.

Nyatakan dua perbezaan gelombang Xdan gelombang Y.
(i)
(ii)
[ 2 marks/ markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(c)
Chapter 6: WAVE
Diagram below shows the electromagnet spectrum.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan spektrum electromagnet.
Infrared
rays
Gamma
rays
(i)
Write the appropriate position of wave X and wave Y in the electromagnetic

spectrum in diagram above.
Tuliskan kedudukan gelombang X dan gelombang Ydalam spektrum elektromagnet
dalam rajah di atas.
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(ii)
Compare the velocity of wave X and wave Y in vacuum.

Bandingkan halaju gelombang X dan gelombang Y dalam vakum.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(iii)
State one common characteristic of wave X and wave Y.

Nyatakan satu ciri serupa gelombang X dan gelombang Y.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
SOALAN 7
Diagram below shows the shape of the waves generated by a leaking water pipe that lies at the
base of the pond. Some stones are scattered around the leaking point of the water pipe.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan bentuk gelombang yang dihasilkan oleh sebatang paip yang
terbocor. Paip itu berada di dasar sebuah kolam. Di sekeliling tempat air terbocor itu terdapat
beberapa buah batu.
X
Leaking Point
Titik bocor
Stone
Batu
Z
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(a)
Chapter 6: WAVE
Based on the shape of the waves generated

Berdasarkan bentuk gelombang yang terhasil
(i)
Name the physical quantity that remains constant when the wave is propagating
outwards
Apakah kuantiti fizikal yang tidak berubah semasa gelombang merambat.
[ 1 marks/ markah]
(ii)
State the relationship between velocity and wavelength of the wave

Nyatakan hubungan di antara halaju dan panjang gelombang
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(b)
Based on the wavelength generated around the leaking point

Berdasarkan jarak gelombang air yang dihasilkan oleh paip terbocor
(i)
Label the 2 areas which are having the same depth with symbol A
Labelkan 2 kawasan yang mempunyai kedalaman yang sama dengan simbol A.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(ii)
Label the deepest area with symbol B.

Labelkan kawasan yang paling dalam dengan simbol B.
[ 1 mark/ markah]
(c)
Sketch the wave formed after propagating

Lakarkan bentuk gelombang selepas ia merambat
(i)
Through slits X and Y

Melalui celahan X dan Y
[ 2 marks/ markah]
(ii)
Around stones W and Z

Mengelilingi batu W dan Z
[ 2 marks/ markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(d)
Chapter 6: WAVE
Based on the answer from question (c), identify 2 facotrs that affect the diffraction.
Berdasarkan jawapan dari soalan (c), tentukan 2 faktor yang mempengaruhi kesan
belauan.
[ 2 marks/ markah]
SOALAN 8
Diagram 8 shows a transmitter sending a sound signal to determine the thickness of a layer
of oil below the ground. Receiver X detects the sound signal 0.4 s after transmission.
Receiver Y detects the sound signal 1.2 s after transmission.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan sebuah pemancar mengeluarkan satu isyarat bunyi untuk
menentukan ketebalan lapisan minyak di bawah tanah. Penerima X mengesan isyarat
bunyi itu 0.4 s selepas pemancaran. Penerima Y mengesan isyarat bunyi itu 1.2 s selepas
pemancaran.
Receiver X
Penerima X
Transmitter
Pemancar
Receiver Y
Penerima Y
A
Earth layer
Lapisan tanah
Oil layer
Lapisan minyak
Rock layer
Lapisan batu
Diagram 8 / Rajah 8
(a)
State the wave phenomenon which produces:

Nyatakan fenomena gelombang yang menghasilkan:
(i) the signal A / isyarat A
. [1 mark / markah]
(ii)
the signal B / isyarat B.

. [1 mark / markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(b)
Chapter 6: WAVE
The speed of sound in the oil layer is 1500 m s1.

Calculate
Kelajuan bunyi dalam lapisan minyak ialah 1500 m s1.
Hitungkan
(i)
the total time for the sound signal to travel through the oil layer.
jumlah masa untuk isyarat bunyi itu bergerak melalui lapisan minyak.
[2 marks / markah]
(ii)
thickness of the oil layer.

ketebalan lapisan minyak.
[3 marks / markah]
(c)
Table 8 shows the characteristics of four types of sound waves that could be used to
determine the thickness of the layer of oil.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat jenis gelombang bunyi yang boleh
digunakan untuk menentukan ketebalan lapisan minyak itu.
Type of wave / Jenis gelombang

P
Q
R
S
Frequency / Frekuensi
High / Tinggi
Low / Rendah
High / Tinggi
Low / Rendah
Energy / Tenaga
High / Tinggi
Low / Rendah
Low / Rendah
High / Tinggi
Table 8 / Jadual 8
Based on Table 8, explain the suitability of each characteristic of the wave to
determine the thickness of the oil layer.
Berdasarkan Jadual 8, terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri gelombang itu untuk
menentukan ketebalan lapisan minyak itu.
(i)
Frequency / Frekuensi :
..
..
[2 marks / markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
(ii)
Chapter 6: WAVE
Energy / Tenaga :
..
..
[2 marks / markah]
(d)
Which is the most suitable type of wave determine of thickness of the oil layer?
Apakah jenis gelombang yang paling sesuai untuk menentukan ketebalan lapisan
minyak?
.. [1 mark / markah]
BAHAGIAN B
SOALAN 10
10 Diagram 10.1 shows the red fringes formed in a Youngs double slit experiment.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan pinggir-pinggir merah yang terbentuk dalam eksperimen dwicelah
Young.
Diagram 10.1
Rajah 10.1
Diagram 10.2 shows the green fringes formed when the red light of wavelength 7.0 x 10 -7 m
is replaced by the green light of wavelength 5.0 x 10-7 m.
Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan pinggir-pinggir yang terbentuk apabila cahaya merah yang
mempunyai panjang gelombang 7.0 x 10 -7 m diganti dengan cahaya hijau yang mempunyai
panjang gelombang 5.0 x 10 -7 m.
Diagram 10.2
Rajah 10.2
(a) (i) What is the meaning of wavelength?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan panjang gelombang?
[1 mark/ markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
(ii) Based on Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare the wavelength of the light
source used, the distance between two consecutive fringes formed by the respective
light and the distance between two consecutive fringes of red light and green light.
Relate the wavelength of the light with the distance between two consecutive
fringes.
Name the wave phenomenon involved.
[5 marks / markah]
Berdasarkan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2, bandingkan panjang gelombang bagi
sumber cahaya yang digunakan, jarak antara dua pinggir berturutan yang
terbentuk oleh cahaya-cahaya itu dan jarak antara dua pinggir berturutan bagi
cahaya merah dan cahaya hijau.
Namakan fenomena gelombang yang terlibat.
[5 markah]
(b) Diagram 10.3 shows a train in a tunnel. The sound waves from the train can be heard
loudly and clearly at night.
Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan sebuah keretapi di dalam terowong. Gelombang bunyi dari
keretapi itu boleh didengar dengan kuat dan jelas pada waktu malam.
Diagram 10.3
Rajah 10.3
The distance of the sound waves are further apart at the top than at the ground level.
Explain why this situation occurs, and state how this leads to the sound being loud and
clear.
Jarak gelombnag bunyi adalah lebih besar di atas berbanding di permukaan bumi.
Terangkan bagaimana situasi ini terjadi dan nyatakan bagaimana ini boleh
menyebabkan bunyi kedengaran lebih kuat dan jelas.
[4 marks / markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
(c) Diagram 10.4 shows the design of a dish made by a student to boil water in a kettle
using solar energy.
Rajah 10.4 menunjukkan reka bentuk sebuah piring yang dibuat oleh seorang murid
untuk mendidihkan air di dalam cerek menggunakan tenaga suria.
Diagram 10.4
Rajah 10.4
You are required to modify the design in Diagram 10.4 so that the water boils in a
shorter time.
Anda dikehendaki untuk mengubahsuai reka bentuk di dalam Rajah 10.4 supaya air
mendidih dalam masa yang lebih singkat.
State and explain the modifications based on the following aspects:
Nyata dan terangkan pengubahsuaian berdasarkan aspaek-aspek berikut:
(i)
Shape of the dish.

Bentuk piring
(ii)
The type of surface of the dish.

Jenis permukaan piring.
(iii) Size of the dish.

Saiz piring.
(iv)
Position of the kettle.

Kedudukan cerek.
(v)
The orientation of the dish.

Orientasi piring.
[10 mark / markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
BAHAGIAN C
SOALAN 12
12.
(a) Diagram 12.1 shows the pattern of sea waves when approaching the beach.
Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan bentuk gelombang air semasa menghampiri pantai.
Diagram 12.1
Rajah 12.1
(i) Name the wave phenomenon shown in Diagram 12.1.
Namakan fenomena gelombang yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1.
[1 mark / markah]
(ii) Explain in terms of the wave phenomena in 12 (a) (i), why the water waves
follow the shape of the beach as it approaches the shore.
[4 marks]
Terangkan dalam konteks fenomena gelombang dalam 12 (a) (i) mengapa
gelombang air mengikut bentuk pantai apabila menghampiri tepi pantai.
[4 mark / markah]
(b) The beach in Diagram 12.1 will be used as a place where fisherman boats are
kept.You are assigned to investigate the design for the location to keep the boats and
the characteristics of the retaining wall as shown in Diagram 12.2 based on the
following aspects:
Pantai yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 12.1 akan digunakan sebagai tempat botbot nelayan berlabuh. Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji reka bentuk bagi lokasi untuk
melabuhkan botbot itu dan ciri-ciri banteng penghalang ombak seperti dalam Rajah
12.2 berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
(i) The location to keep the boat.
Lokasi untuk melabuhkan bot.
(ii) Material used for the retaining wall.
Bahan yang digunakan untuk membina benteng.
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
(iii) The height of retaining wall.

Ketinggian benteng.
(iv) Size of slit.
Saiz celah.
Explain the suitability of each aspect and then determine the most suitable
design to keep the boat safely.
Give reason for your choice.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap aspek dan seterusnya tentukan reka bentuk yang
paling sesuai untuk melabuhkan bot-bot dengan selamat.
Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda.
[10 mark / markah]
Diagram 12.2
Rajah 12.2
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
(c) Diagram 12.3 shows a pattern of waves formed when water waves with a speed of
6 cm s-1 propagate from a deeper region to shallow region in a ripple tank.
Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan corak gelombang air yang terhasil apabila gelombang
air dengan laju 6 cm s-1 merambat dari kawasan dalam ke kawasan cetek di
dalam sebuah tangki riak.
Diagram 12.3
Rajah 12.3
Based on Diagram 12.3, calculate:
Berdasarkan Rajah 12.3, hitung:
(i) The frequency of water waves at the deeper region.
Frekuensi gelombang air pada kawasan air dalam.
(ii) The speed of the water waves at the shallow region.
Laju gelombang air pada kawasan cetek.
[5 mark / markah]
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
Skema Jawapan Bab 6

No.
1 (a)
(b)
(c)(i)
(ii)
(a)
(b)
Skema Jawapan
Electromagnetic waves consist of a combination of oscillating electrical
and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other.
They are transverse wave/ they can travel through vacuum/ their speed is
3.0 x 108 ms-1
Microwave
Microwave has short wavelength and high frequency/ It can be reflected/
It can penetrate haze/ It can penetrate rain or snow/ It can penetrate
clouds
Transverse wave
Skor
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
(c)
0 amplitude
V =
24 = (6)
= 4 Hz
(a) (i)
Wavelength/speed of the wave decreases

Wave take on the shape of the Perspex plate /coastline of the
beach/change in direction from deep to shallow
(ii) Refraction of waves
(b) (i)Decrease/become smaller
(ii)
On approaching the beach, the water will be become shallower the speed and
wavelengths of the waves decreases/The wavefronts are refracted and
become closer to each other.
(c)
Smaller wavelength on Perspex plate
Focus on F
(a)
The light with one wavelength/one colour
(b) (i) Alternative bright and dark fringes.
(ii) Interference
(c)
(i) Distance between the fringes decreases
(ii) Distance between the fringes decreases
(d)
12
0.5 x 10-3 x
x 10-3
=
3
m
3
-7
= 6.67 x 10 m
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
(a)
Sources that have the same frequency and in phase.
(b)(i)The wavelength of water in Diagram (a) is shorter
(ii)
The distance between two consecutive nodal lines, x in Diagram (a) is
shorter
(c)(i)The shorter the wavelength of water wave, the shorter the distance between
two consecutive nodal lines, x.
(ii)
Interference
(d)(i)
7
1
1
1
1
1
A
(ii)
(a)
(i)
A: Bright
B: Dark/Dim
X : microwave
Y : radio wave
(b)(i)Wavelength X < wavelength Y
(ii) Frequency X > frequency Y
(c)(i) Radiowave, microwave, infrared ray
(ii)
The same
(iii)
Transfer energy / transverse waves / travel in vacuum
(ii)
Frequency
Kekerapan
Velocity directly proportional to wavelength OR when velocity increase,
wavelength increase.
Halaju berkadar terus kepada gelombang ATAU apabila peningkatan
halaju, peningkatan gelombang.
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
8
1
1
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
A
B
A
Label A dan B
Lakar gelombang X
Lakar gelombang Y
Lakar gelombang W
Lakar gelombang Z
Size of the slit
Wavelength
8
(a)(i)
(ii)
(b)(i)
(ii)
(c)(i)
(ii)
(d)
10
(a)(i)
(ii)
(b)
reflection
refraction
1.2 0.4
0.8 s
- 2T with 0.8 s // T with 0.4 s
2T = 1500 0.8 // T = 1500 0.4
600 m
- high
- can penetrate the earth and oil // less loss of energy
- high
- stronger signal will be received
P
Distance between two consecutive points
inphase/crests/troughs//diagram
The wavelength of red is longer/vice versa
The distance is equally spaced/uniform
The distance between the two consecutive fringes of red is longer than
green.
The fringes separation increases with the wavelength
Interference
At night ground cools quickly / ground has low specific heat capacity
/air layer near the ground colder/low temperature.
Cold air denser than warm air//diagram
Sound faster in warm air//sound slower in cold air
Sound bends towards observer/ground//refraction occurs.
1+1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Bab 6: GELOMBANG
Chapter 6: WAVE
Modification/suggestion
Parabolic/concave
Shining/smooth
Larger diameter
At focal point
Facing the sun
12
(a)(i)
(ii)
Explanation
Heat converged//heat collected at focus
Reflection effective//good reflector
More heat collected//more heat trap
Heat converge to kettle
Collect more energy// reflect more energy
Refration
Wave move from deeper to shallow area
The wavelength decreases
The speed decreases
The direction of wave bends towards normal
1+1
1+1
1+1
1+1
1+1
20
1
1
1
1
1
(b)
Characteristics
Bay
Concrete retaining
wall
High wall
Smaller
opening/aperture/slit
of retaining wall
P
(c)(i)
(ii)
f = 6/0.8
= 7.5 Hz
v = 0.5(7.5)
= 3.75 cm
Reason
Wave is calmer
Stronger//long lasting
1+1
1+1
Prevent high wave

Diffraction obvious// low wave energy
1+1
1+1
At bay, concrete retaining wall, high wall and

smaller slit
1+1
1
1
1
1
20
Bab 7: Elektrik
Chapter 7: Electricity
BAHAGIAN A
1.
Diagram 1 shows an electric circuit which is used to investigate the relationship between electric
current and potential difference across a conductor XY.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan litar elektrik untuk menyiasat hubungan di antara beza keupayaan
dan arus elektrik bagi suatu konduktor.
Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
(a) What is the function of the voltmeter?
Apakah fungsi voltmeter?
(b) Underline the correct answer in the bracket to complete the sentence below.
Garis jawapan yang betul dalam kurungan untuk melengkapkan ayat di bawah
When the electric current increases,
Apabila arus elektrik bertambah,
(i)
the potential difference (increase, decrease, remains unchanged)

beza keupayaan ( bertambah, berkurang, tidak berubah)
(ii)
the resistance will (increase, decrease, remains unchanged)

Rintangan akan ( bertambah, berkurang, malar)
(c) State one physical quantity which is kept constant in the experiment.
Nyatakan satu kuantiti fizikal yang dimalarkan dalam eksperimen ini.
Bab 7: Elektrik
2. Diagram2 .1 shows two constantanw ires P and Q of the same length but of different crosssectional area being used to carry out an expenment.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua dawai konstantan P dan Q dengan panjang yang sama tetapi luas
keratan rentas berbeza cligunakan dalam menjalankan satu eksperimen.
Diagram2.1 / Rajah2 .1
Initially the experiment is carried out with P placed across X Y. After that p is replace with Q
and the experiment is repeated. The V-I graph in Diagram2.2 shows the results obtained from the
experiment.
Pada asalnya, P disambungkan merentasi x y. Kemudian, eksperiment diulang dengan
menggunakan Q . Graf V-l dalam Rajah2 2 menunjukkan hasil yang diperoleh di dalam
eksperimen tersebut.
(a) Based on Diagram 2.1,c ompare the cross-sectional area of wires P and Q
Berdasarkan Rajah2 .1, bandingkan luas keratin rentas dawaiP dan Q.
(b) Based on Diagram2 .2:/ Berdasarkan Rajah2 .2.
(i)
stated how the resistance of the constantan wires can be obtained.

Nyatakan bgaimana rintangan dawai konstantan dapat ditentukan
(ii)
Determine the resistance of conductor Q. Show on your graph

Tentukan rintangan bagi konduktor Q.Tunjukkan pada graf anda.
Bab 7: Elektrik
3.
Diagram 3.1 shows photograph of an electric circuit. The circuit contains four identical bulbs
connected to four identical new dry cells
Rajah 3. 1 menunjukkan forograf bagi satu litar elektrik. Litar itu mengandungi empat mentol
serupa disambung kepada empat sel kering baru yang serupa.
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1
(a)
What is the type of the circuit ?

Apakah jenis litar elektrik tersebut?
.........................................................................................................................
[1 marks]
[ 1 markah]
(b)
Draw an electric circuit diagram for the above arrangement of apparatus using
appropriate symbols.
Lukiskan satu rajah litar elektrik bagi susunan radas diatas dengan menggunakan
simbol-simbol yang sesuai.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Bab 7: Elektrik
(c)
Compare the brightness of the lamps J , K ,L and M.

Tick () one box below.
Bandingkan kecerahan mentol J , K , L dan M.
Tandakan satu () pada kotak yang berkenaan.
The brightness of lamp J >lamp K > lamp L > lamp M
Kecerahan mentol J>mentol K > mentol L > mentol M
The brightness of lamp L >lamp K > lamp J > lamp M
Kecerahan mentol L >mentol K > mentol J > mentol M
The brightness of lamp J = lamp K = lamp L = lamp M
Kecerahan mentol J =mentol K = mentol L = lamp M
[1 marks]
[ 1 markah]
(d)
Give one reason for your answer in (c).

Beri sebab bagi jawapan anda dalam (c).
........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[ 1 markah]
(e)
Explain why the circuit above is used in the house lighting circuit.
Terangkan mengapa litar di atas digunakan dalam system pendawaian di rumah.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
[ 1 markah]
4.
Diagram 4.1 shows a circuit used to investigate the relationship between current and potential
difference across a constantan wire s.w.g. 24 with length of 10 cm.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sebuah litar yang digunakan untuk menyiasat hubungan antara arus dan
beza keupayaan yang merentasi dawai konstantan s.w.g. 24 dengan panjang 10 cm.
Bab 7: Elektrik
(a) Name the measuring instruments labeled X and Y in Diagram 4.1.

Namakan alat pengukur yang berlabel X dan Y dalam Rajah 4.1.
X :
Y :
[2 marks]
(b) (i)
What is the relationship between the reading of the measuring instruments X and Y?
Apakah hubungan antara bacaan pada alat pengukur X dan Y ?
..
[1 mark]
(ii)
State the physics law involved in 4b(i).

Nyatakan hukum fizik yang terlibat dalam 4b(i).
..
[1 mark]
(c) The experiment is repeated by using a constantan wire s.w.g 36 with the same length. Diagram 4.2
shows the graph V against I for the experiment.
Eksperimen diulangi dengan menggunakan dawai konstantan s.w.g 36 dengan panjang yang
sama. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan graf V melawan I untuk eksperimen tersebut.

Based on graph in Diagram 4.2 ; Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 4.2 ;
(i) What is the physical quantity represented by the gradient of the graph?
Apakah kuantiti fizik yang diwakili oleh kecerunan graf ?
[1 mark]
Bab 7: Elektrik
(ii) Which of the constantan wire has the higher resistance?

Dawai konstantan yang manakah mempunyai rintangan yang lebih tinggi ?
.
[1 mark]
(iii) Explain your answer in 4c(ii) Jelaskan jawapan anda di 4c(ii)
[1 mark]
5
Diagram 5.1 shows a circuit used to investigate the relationship between current and potential
difference across a constantan wire s.w.g. 24 with length of 10 cm.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan satu litar digunakan untuk menyiasat hubungan antara arus dan beza
keupayaan merentasi wayar konstantan s.w.g.24 sepanjang 10cm.

(a) (i) Name the measuring instruments labelled X and Y
Namakan alat yang berlebel X dan Y
X
(b) (i) What is the relationship between the readings of the measuring instruments, X and Y?
Apakah hubungan antara bacaan alat alat X dan Y?
(ii) State the law of physics involved in 5 (b)(i)

Nyatakan hukum fizik yang terlibat dalam 5 (b)(i)
Bab 7: Elektrik
(c) The experiment is repeated by using a constantan wire s.w.g. 36 with the same length. Diagram 5.2
shows the graph V against I for the experiment.
Eksperimen diulang dengan menggunakan wayar konstantan s.w.g.36 yang sama panjang. Rajah
5.2 menunjukkan graf V lawan I bagi eksperimen tersebut.

Based on the graph in diagram 5.2,
Berdasarkan graf dalam rajah 5.2,
(i) What is the physical quantity represented by the gradient of the graph?
Apakah kuantiti fizik yang diwakili oleh kecerunan graf?
(ii) Which of the constantan wire has a higher resistance?

Wayar konstantan manakah mempunyai rintangan paling tinggi?
(iii) Explain your answer in (c)(i).

Jelaskan jawapan anda dalam (c)(i)
.
Diagram 6.1 shows a ping pong ball coated with metal paint oscillates between two
metal plates. The metal plates are connected to an Extra High Tension, EHT supply
which produce a strong electric field between plates when the switch is on .
Diagram 6.2 shows the ping pong ball oscillates between two metal plates when the
voltage is increased.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan sebiji bola ping pong yang disalut dengan cat logam berayun
antara dua plat logam. Plat logam itu disambung kepada sebuah bekalan Voltan
Lampau Tinggi , VLT, yang menghasilkan suatu medan elektrik yang kuat antara
Bab 7: Elektrik
plat apabila suis dihidupkan.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan bola ping pong itu berayun antara dua plat logam apabila
voltan ditambahkan.
Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1
Rajah 6.1
(a)
Diagram 6.2
What is the meaning of electric field?
Apakah maksud medan elektrik?
Rajah 6.2
....................
[1 mark / 1 markah ]
(b)

(i)
Compare the EHT voltage.

Bandingkan voltan VLT.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark] [1 markah]
(ii)
Compare the strength of electric field.

Bandingkan kekuatan medan elektrik.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark][1 markah]
Bab 7: Elektrik
(iii) Compare the oscillation velocity of ping pong ball.

Bandingkan halaju ayunan bola ping pong.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark][1 markah]
(iv)
State the relationship between the EHT voltage and the strength of electric field.
Nyatakan hubungan di antara voltan VLT dengan kekuatan medan elektrik.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark][1 markah]
(v)
Relate the strength of electric field with oscillation velocity.

Hubungkaitkan kekuatan medan elektrik dengan halaju ayunan.
..............................................................................................................................
[1 mark][1 markah]
(c)
What will happen to the velocity of the ping pong ball if the distance between two
metal plate is increases. Give one reason for your answer.
Apakah yang berlaku kepada halaju bola ping pong jika jarak di antara dua plat
bertambah. Nyatakan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks][2 markah ]
Diagram 7.1 shows a circuit consist of two 1.5 V batteries and two identical resistors, R . The
ammeter reading is 1.5 A.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan satu litar yang terdiri daripada dua bateri 1.5V dan dua perintang.
Bacaan ammeter ialah 1.5A.
Bab 7: Elektrik
(a)
Complete the sentence below by ticking ( ) the correct box.

Lengkapkan ayat di bawah dengan menandakan ( ) dalam kotak yang betul.
The resistor in Diagram 7.1 is connected in
Perintang dalam Rajah 7.1 disambung secara
series circuit/ litar sesiri.
parallel circuit / litar selari.
[1 mark]
(b)
What will happen to the ammeter reading when a copper wire is connected between P and Q.
Give the reason.
Apakah yang akan berlaku pada bacaan ammeter apabila dawai kuprum disambungkan pada
P dan Q. Berikan sebabnya.
[2 marks]
(c)
Diagram 7.2 shows a circuit consist of a bulb rated 3V, 6W with potential difference, 3V.
When the switch is on, current 2A will flow and the bulb will light up in normal brightness.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan satu litar yang terdiri daripada sebiji mentol berkadar 3V, 6W dengan
beza keupayaan 3V. Apabila suis dihidupkan, arus 2A akan mengalir dan mentol akan
menyala dengan kecerahan normal.
3V
Bulb 3V, 6W
Mentol
Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2
Switch
Suis
Bab 7: Elektrik
Diagram 7.3 shows a circuit consist of two bulbs rated 3V, 6W each with the potential
difference, 3V.
Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan litar yang terdiri daripada dua mentol yang setiapnya berkadaran
3V, 6W dengan beza keupayaan 3V.
3V
Switch
Suis
A
Bulb 3V, 6W
Mentol
Bulb 3V, 6W
Mentol
Diagram 7.3
Rajah 7.3
(i)
Based on the Diagram 7.2, calculate the resistance of the bulb.

Berdasarkan Rajah 7.3, hitungkan rintangan mentol.
[1 mark]
(ii)
Based on the Diagram 7.3, calculate the current flow.

Berdasarkan Rajah 7.3, hitungkan arus yang mengalir.
[3 marks]
(iii) Based on Diagram 7.2 and Diagram 7.3, compare the brightness of the bulbs.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.2 dan Rajah 7.3 bandingkan kecerahan mentol-mentol itu.
[1 marks]
Bab 7: Elektrik
13
(iv) You are given two identical batteries, 1.5 V each and two identical bulbs rated 3V 6 W each.
Based on your knowledge in 7(c)(ii) and 7(c)(iii), draw a complete electrical circuit diagram
where both the bulbs will light up with normal brightness.
Anda dibekalkan dua bateri serupa yang setiap satunya 1.5V dan dua mentol serupa yang
setiap satunya berkadar 3V 6W. Berdasarkan pengetahuan anda di 7(c)(ii) dan 7(c)(iii), lukis
satu litar elektrik yang lengkap yang mana kedua-dua mentol akan menyala dengan kecerahan
yang normal.
[2 marks]
8. Diagram 8 shows an electrical circuit. The power rating of bulb Z is 6V, 6W while bulbs X and bulb
Y are identical with power rating of 2.4V, 3W.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik. Kadaran kuasa mentol Z adalah 6V, 6W manakala mentol X
dan mentol Y adalah dua mentol yang serupa dengan kadaran kuasa 2.4V, 3W.
Diagram 8 / Rajah 8
(a) What is the meaning of power rating of 6V, 6 W?
Apakah maksud kadaran kuasa 6V, 6 W? [1 markah]
.
(b) When the circuit is off the voltmeter reads 6.0 volt and when the switch is on the voltmeter
shows a reading of 4.8 volt.
Bila litar itu dimatikan, voltmeter menunjukkan 6.0 Volt dan bila suis dihidupkan voltmeter
menunjukkan bacaan 4.8 Volt.
(i)
How does bulb Z light up when the switch is on?

Bagaimanakah nyalaan mentol Z apabila suis dihidupkan?
Bab 7: Elektrik
.
(ii)
Explain your answer in (b)(i)

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b)(i)
.
(c) The three bulbs in Diagram 8 are light up for 5 minutes.

Ketiga tiga mentol dalamRajah 8 dibiarkan menyala selama 5 minit.
Calculate the heat energy dissipated in bulb Y
Hitung tenaga haba yang dilesapkan dalam mentol Y
(d) Base on apparatus on Diagram 8, you are assigned to set up an electrical circuit that will enable
four bulbs to light up with normal brightness .Table 8 shows the specificat ion of the bulbs and
type of an electrical circuit arrangement.
Dengan menggunakan empat mentol , anda dikehendaki untuk memasang satu litar elektrik yang
membolehkan keempat-empat mentol yang digunakan menyala dengan kecerahan normal.Jadual
8 menunjukkan sdesifikasi mentol yang digunakan dan jenis susunan mentol-mentol itu.
Bulbss Specification
Arrangement of the bulbs
2 bulbs 6V,6W and 2 bulbs 2.4V,3W
Series and parallel
1 bulb 6V,6W and 3 bulbs 2.4V,3W
Parallel
4 bulbs of 6V,6W
Series
4 bulbs of 2.4V,3W
Series and parallel

Table 8 Jadual 8
Based on Table 8, state the suitable specification of the bulbs and type of Bulbs arrangement that
you will set up to enable all the bulbs to light up with normal brightness.
Berdasarkan maklumat dari Jadual 8, nyatakan ciri ciri yang sesuai bagi spesifikasi mentol dan
jenis susunan litar elektrik yang anda akan susun untuk memastikan keempat-empat mentol itu
menyala dengan kecerahan normal.
(i)
Bulbs` specification / Spesifikasi mentol

..
Reason Sebab
..
Bab 7: Elektrik
(ii)
Arrangement of the bulbs / Susunan mentol

.
Reason Sebab
.
(e) Based on the arrangement of the electrical circuit on Diagram 8, (i) State the name given to the
voltage of the circuit when the switch is off.
Berdasarkan susunan litar elektrik pada Rajah 8, nyatakan nama voltan yang merentasi clitar
itu apabila suis tidak dihidupkan?
(f) Give one reason why the reading o f the volt meter is less when the switch is on.
Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa bacaan voltmeter berkurang apabila suis dihidupkan.
Diagram 8 shows a filament bulb labelled 240 V 40 W.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan sebuah mentol Jllamen berlabel 240 V 40 W.
Diagram 8 / Rajah 8
(a) What is meant by 240 V 40 W?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan 240 V 40 W? [1 markah]
.....
(b) The bulb is connected to 240 V power supply. Determine the current flow through the bulb.
Mentol disambungkan kepada bekalan kuasa 240 V. Tentukan arus yang mengalir melalui mentol.
[2 markah]
Bab 7: Elektrik
(c) If only 20 % of the electrical energy is converted to light energy, calculate:

Jika hanya 20 % tenaga elektrik ditukarkan kepada tenaga cahaya, kirakan:
(i) the light energy produced in one second.
tenaga cahaya yang dihasilkan dalam satu saat. [2 markah]
(ii) the heat dissipated in one second.

Haba yang dihilangkan dalam satu saat. [2 markah]
(d) Diagram 8.2(a) and Diagram 8.2(b), show two types of bulbs, filament bulb labelled 240 V 40 W
and fluorescent bulb labelled 240 V 8 W.
Rajah 8.2(a) dan Rajah 8.2(b), menunjukkan dua jenis mentol, mentol filamen berlabel 240 V 40
W dan mentol kalimantang berlabel 240 V 8 W.
Diagram 8.2(a) / Rajah

8.2(a)
Diagram 8.2(b) / Rajah

8.2(b)
When 240 V is applied to each bulb, the bulbs will light up with the same brightness.
Apabila 240 V dibekalkan kepada setiap mentol, kedua-duanya akan menyala dengan kecerahan
yang sama.
(i) Compare the output power of the two bulbs. Give one reason for your answer.
Bandingkan kuasa output untuk kedua-dua mentol. Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda. [2
markah]
(ii) State which bulb has a higher efficiency.

Nyatakan mentol manakah yang mempunyai kecekapan yang tinggi. [1 markah]
.
(iii)State which bulb is an energy saver bulb. Give one reason.
Nyatakan mentol yang manakah mentol penjimat tenaga. Beri satu sebab. [2 markah]
.
Bab 7: Elektrik
BAHAGIAN B
10 Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show electric circuits contains two identical bulbs which has resistance
R, are connected to a new dry cell 1.5 V. Current flows through the circuits to light up the bulbs.
Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan litar-litar elektrik yang mengandungi dua mentol serupa
yang mempunyai rintangan R disambungkan ke sel kering baru 1.5 V. Arus mengalir melalui liter-litar itu
untuk menyalakan mentol-mentol tersebut.
(a) What is the meaning of current?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan arus? [1 markah]
(b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2,

Compare the brightness of the bulbs light up, the effective resistance of the type of circuit
connections and the reading of ammeter of the both electric circuits.
Relate the brightness of the bulbs light up to the reading of the ammeter.
Deduce the relationship between the effective resistance and the magnitude of current flows.
Menggunakan Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2,
Bandingkan kecerahan mentol-mentol itu menyala, rintangan berkesan bagi jenis sambungansambungan litar dan bacaan ammeter bagi kedua-dua litar elektrik itu. Hubungkaitkan kecerahan
nyalaan mentol-mentol itu terhadap bacaan ammeter. Rumuskan hubungan di antara rintangan
berkesan dengan magnitud arus mengalir. [5 markah]
(c) (i) By using appropriate symbols, draw an electric circuit diagram for each type of the circuit
connections in Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2. [2 marks]
Dengan menggunakan simbol-simbol yang munasabah, lukiskan satu rajah litar elektrik bagi
setiap jenis sambungan-sambungan litar dalam Rajah 10.1 dan Rajah 10.2. [2 markah]
(ii) Explain what will happen to the magnitude of current flows through the circuit in Diagram
10.2, when one another identical buib is connected parallel to the both bulbs.
Terangkan apa akan terjadi kepada magnitud arus yang mengalir melalui litar dalam Rajah
10.2, apabila satu mentol serupa lain disambungkan selari kepada kedua-dua mentol itu. [2
markah]
Bab 7: Elektrik
Diagram 10.3 shows a simple structure of bulb. The bulb working based on heating of filament
depends on their resistance, but does not produce brighter light.
Rajah 10.3 menunjukkan satu struktur ringkas mentol. Mentol itu bekerja berdasarkan pemanasan
filamen bergantung kepada rintangannya, tetapi tidak menghasilkan cahaya yang lebih cerah.

(d) The bulb in Diagram 10.3 is going to be used to light up at larger area.
Explain the modification need to be done to the bulb to increase the brightness to light up at larger
area. In your explanation, emphasize the aspects of:
Mentol dalam Rajah 10.2 itu akan digtmakan untuk menerangi kawasan yang lebih luas.
Terangkan pengubahsuaian perlu dilakukan kepada mentol itu untuk meningkatkan kecerahan
bagi menerangi pada kawasan yang luas.
Dalam penjelasan anda, berikan penekanan kepada aspek-aspek:
(i) The shape of the filament used.
Bentuk filamen yang digunakan.
(ii) The thickness of the filament wire.
Ketebalan dawai filamen.
(iii) Melting point of the filament material.
Takat lebur bahan filamen.
(iv) Gas pressure inside the bulb.
Tekanan gas di dalam mentol.
(v) Material used for contact points.
Bahan yang digunakan untuk titik-titik penyambung.
[10 markah]
Bab 7: Elektrik
BAHAGIAN C
12. Diagram 12.1 shows an electrical circuit.
Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik.

(a) (i) What is the function of rheostat in the circuit ?
Apakahfungsi rheostat datam litar?
[ 1 mark]
[ l markah]
(ii) State the energy transformation occurs at the bulb in the circuit.
Nyatakanperubahan tenagayang berlakupada mentol dalam litar itu [1 markah]
(iii)Based on Diagram 12.1, draw a circuit diagram using symbols.
Berdasarkan Rajah 12.1, lukiskan satu gambarajah litar menggunakan simbol [ 1 Markah ]
(b) Explain why the brightness of the bulb increases when the slider is adjusted close to Q.
Terangkan mengapa kecerahan mentol bertambah apabila gelongsor dilaraskan mendekati Q. [2
markah}
(c) Diagram 12.2 shows an electric circuit consist of two bulbs R and S labeled 6V, 3 W and 6V,
12W respectively connected to a 6V battery.
Rajah 12.2 menunjukkan satu litar elektrik terdiri dari dua mentol, R dan Syang masing-masing
berlabel 6K3Wdan 6V,12W disambungkanpada sebuah bateri 6V.
Bab 7: Elektrik
When the switch is turned on, calculate:

Apabila suis dihidupkan, hitungkan r
(i) the total current flows in the circuit.
Jumlah arus yang mengalir didalam litar. [ 3 markah]
(ii) the energy used by a bulb, R in one minute.
tenagayang digtmakan oleh mentol R dalam satu minit. [2 markah)
(d) National Grid Network is a system of electric transmission from power station to the consumer in
our country. Diagram 12.3 shows a block diagram of the system.
Rangkaian GridNasional ialah satu sistem penghantaran tenaga elektrik daripada stesen
janakuasa ke kawasan pengguna di negara kita. Rajah 12.3 menunjukkan gambarqjah blok sistem
tersehut.

Using your knowledge about electrical and Diagram 12.3 , you are asked to determine the
mastsuitable item used in the system J, K, L, M and N for a National Grid Network system in
Diagram 12.4.
Menggunakan pengetahuan anda mengenai elektrik dan Rajah 12,3, anda dikehendaki
mengenalpasti ciri-ciri yang digtmakan dalam system J, K, L, M dan N untuk Rangkaian Grid
Nasional dalam Rajah 12.4.
System Type of
Sistem Transformer Jenis
transformer
J
P is step up Q is
step down P injak
naik Q injak turun
Q is step up P is
step down Q injak
naik P injak turun
Diameter of
conductor cable
Diameter
konduktor kabel
Big diameter
conductor
Diameter
konduktor besar
Small diameter
conductor
Diameter
konduktor kecil
Transmission voltage Cable Position

Voltan Penghantaran Kedudukan
kabel
Curent with low
voltage
Arus dengan voltan
rendah
Current with high
voltage
Arus dengan voltan
tinggi
On the jpylon
Di atas pilon
On concrete
piller
Di atas tiang
konkrit
Bab 7: Elektrik
L
P is step up Q is
step down P injak
naik Q injak turun
Big diameter
conductor
Diameter
konduktor besar
Q is step up P is
Small diameter
step down Q injak conductor
naik P injak turun Diameter
konduktor kecil
P is step up Q is
Small diameter
step up P injak naik conductor
Q injak naik
Diameter
konduktor kecil
Current with high

voltage
Arus dengan voltan
tinggi
Curent with "low
voltage
Arus dengan voltan
rendah
Current with high
voltage
Arus dengan voltan
tinggi
On the pylon
Di atas pilon
On concrete
piller
Di atas tiang
konkrit
On concrete
piller
Di atas tiang
konkrit
Study the specification of the five systems and explain the suitability of each system based on
following aspects:
Kaji spesifikasi kelima-lima sistem itu dan terangkan kesesuaian setiap satunya berdasarkan
aspek berikut.
(i) type of transformer P and Q
jenis transformer P dan Q
(ii) characteristics; of cable used
ciri-ciri kabel yang digunakan
(iii)electrical potential difference trasmitted.
beza keupayaan elektrik yang dihantar
(iv) The position of cable
kedudukan kabel
Explain (he suitability of each aspects and determine the most suitable system. Give your
reason for your choice.
Terangkan kesesuaian setiap aspek dan tentukan sistem yang paling sesuai. Beri sebab bagi
jawapan anda.
[10 markah]
Bab 7: Elektrik
Skema Jawapan Bab 7

Question
1
(a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
Question
2
(a)
Suggested answer
State the correct physical quantity
Measures potential difference /voltage
State the correct relationship
Increase
State the correct answer
Remain unchanged
Mark
1
1
1
State the correct physical quantity

Length/temperature/cross-sectional area
/resistivity of conductor /
Total
Suggested answer
Cross sectional of P > Cross sectional of Q
Mark
1
(b) (i)
1
Gradient of V-l graph
(ii)
Draw a triangle
(8.0 - 0)/(5 6 - 0)
1 = 1.6 ohm//VA
Total
Question
3
(a)
(b) (i)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Question
4
(a)
Suggested answer
Parallel circuit
1
1
1
5
Mark
1
Mk 1 all symbols correct

Mk 2 circuit is correct
The brightness of lamp J = lamp K = lamp L
= lamp M
2
1
The voltage is the same

One bulb blow, other bulbs still lights up
Total
1
1
6
Suggested answer
X : Ammeter
Y : Voltmeter
Mark
1
1
Bab 7: Elektrik
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Directly proportional
Ohms Law
1
1
Resistance
Constantant s.w.g 36
Higher gradient
1
1
1
Total
Question 6 :
Question
6(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
M1
M1
(iii)
(iv)
M1
M1
(v)
M1
(c)
7.
Mark
M1
M1
M2
Description
Is a region in which an electric charge will experience
force // region of electrical force
EHT voltage in Diagram 6.1 < Diagram6.2
The strength of electric field in Diagram 6.1 < Diagram
6.2
The oscillation velocity in Diagram 6.1 < Diagram 6.2
When the EHT voltage increases, the strength of
electric field increases // the EHT voltage is directly
proportional to the strength of electric field
When the strength of electric field increases, the
oscillation velocity increases // the strength of electric
field is directly proportional to the oscillation velocity
Velocity of oscillation increases
Strength of electric field increases
Total mark
Total Mark
1
5
2
8
(a) (i)
Series
(b)
1. Ammeter reading increase.

2. Effective resistance is smaller
1
1
(c)(i)
V2 = 9 = 1.5 // atau guna V=IR

R
6
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
1. Total resistance = 3
2. Current flow = 3V
3
1
1
3. I = 1A
Brightness of bulbs in Diagram 7.2 is greater than Diagram 7.3

1. Bulbs are connected in parallel.
2. Circuit is complete, function able, batteries are labelled as
3V or draw two batteries in series
1
1
1
Bab 7: Elektrik
Bulb 3V, 6W
Bulb 3V, 6W
12
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(c)
(j)
(ii)
(d)
To control resistance / electric current

Electrical energy to heat energy to light energy
1
1
Length of wire decreases

Resistance decreases
Current increase
P = VI
I= P
V
= 3
6
= 0.5 A
1
1
1
Total I = 0.5 x 2 = 1 A
E = VIt
= 6 x 0.5 x 60
= 180 J
Aspect
P step up, Q step down
1
1
10
Big Diameter
Current with high voltage
Cable on pylon
1
1
Reasoning
P to increase voltage, Q to
decrease voltage to
consumer
Reduce resistance
Small current flows //
Reduced power/ heat loss
Safety reason
Bab 7: Elektrik
L is chosen
Total
P step up Q step down, Big

Diameter, Current with high
voltage, Cable on pylon
20
Bab 8: Elektromagnet
Chapter 8: Electromagnetism
SECTION A
1.
Diagram 1.1 shows a light copper rod is placed between two poles of a magnadur.
Current from the bare copper plate flows to the rod when the switch is closed.
Rajah menunjukkan satu rod kuprum ringan diletakkan di antara dua kutub magnet
megnedur. Arus dari plat kuprum tak bertebat mengalir melalui rod apabila suis
ditutup.
(a) i.
ii.
On Diagram 1.1, mark the direction of the current in the rod.

Pada Rajah 1.1, tandakan arah arus dalam rod.
[1 mark]
Determine the direction of the movement of rod.

Tentukan arah gerakan rod.
[1mark]
(b) Name the physics rule to determine the answer in 1(a)(ii).

Namakan peraturan fizik untuk menentukan jawapan dalam 1(a)(ii).
[1 mark]
(c) State the effect on the movement of the rod when the current is increased.
Nyatakan kesan terhadapgerakan rod apabila arus ditambah.
2.
[1 mark]
Diagram 2.1 shows a simple electromagnet.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu elektromagnet ringkas.
DIAGRAM 2.1
RAJAH 2.1
(a)
(b)
What is the meaning of electromagnet?

Apakah maksud elektromagnet?
..
[1 mark]
When the switch is turned on ;
Bila suis dihidupkan ;
(i)
Draw the pattern of magnetic field on Diagram 2.1
lukis corak medan magnet pada Rajah 2.1
[1 mark]
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
state the magnetic pole at P

nyatakan kutub magnet pada P.
......................
[1 mark]
state what happens to the pin.
nyatakan apa yang berlaku kepada pin itu.
[1 mark]
State one application of electromagnet.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan elektromagnet.
[1 mark]
3.
Diagram 3 shows a bar magnet is being pushed towards a solenoid.

Rajah 3 menunjukkan magnet bar ditolak ke arah solenoid.
(a)
What is meant by electromagnetic induction?

Apakah maksud aruhan elektromagnet?
............................................................................................................ .....................................
[1 mark]
(b)
State the polarity at X when the bar magnet is moved towards the
solenoid.
Nyatakan kekutuban pada X apabila magnet bar digerakkan ke dalam
solenoid.
...............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c)
In Diagram 3, when the magnet is pushed towards the solenoid;

Dalam Rajah 3, apabila magnet ditolak masuk ke dalam solenoid;
(i) mark the direction of induced current on the solenoid,

tandakan arah arus aruhan pada solenoid,
(ii) show the direction of the pointer on the zero centred galvanometer.
tunjukkan arah anak panah pada galvanometer sifar tengah.
[2 marks]
(d)
State one method to increase the induced current in the solenoid.

Nyatakan satu kaedah untuk meningkatkan arus aruhan di dalam
solenoid.
...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e)
Name the physics law involved in determining the pole in (b) above.
Namakan hukum fizik yang terlibat dalam menentukan kutub
pada (b) di atas.
........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
4. Diagram 4 shows an ideal transformer used to light up a bulb labelled 24 V, 36 W.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan sebuah transformer unggul digunakan untuk menyalakan
sebuah mentol berlabel 24 V, 36 W.
Secondary coil
Primary coil
Gegelungprimer
Soft iron core
Gegelungsekunder
Terasbesilembut
240 V ac
24 V,36 W
mains supply
Bekalan utama
au240 V
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
When the mains supply is switched on the bulb is very dim.
Apabila suis bekalan utama dihidupkan, didapati mentol sangat malap.
(a) State two ways to increase the brightness of the bulb without changing the
voltage of the mains supply.
Nyatakan dua cara bagi meningkatkan kecerahan mentol tanpa menukarkan
Beza keupayaan bekalan utama.
(i).....
.
[1 mark]
(ii)
[1 mark]
(b) Explain why the core is made from soft iron.

Terangkan mengapa teras diperbuat daripada besi lembut.
[1 mark]
(c) If the light bulb operates at normal brightness,calculate:
Jika mentol beroperasi pada kecerahan normal, hitungkan:
(i) The electric current flowing in the secondary coil.
Arus elektrik yang mengalir dalam gegelung sekunder.
[2 marks]
(ii) The electric current flowing in the primary coil.
Arus elektrik yang mengalir dalam gegelung primer.
[2 marks]
5
Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show that a current is induced in a solenoid when a bar
magnet is moved in or out of the solenoid.
Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan arus diaruhkan dalam sebuah solenoid apabila
sebatang magnet bar digerakkan masuk atau keluar dari solenoid itu.
Bar magnet
Bar magnet
X
Magnet bar
Magnet bar
N
(a) What is meant by induced current?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan arus aruhan?
.........
[1 mark]
(b) Based on the direction of the current in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2;
Berdasarkan arah arus dalam Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2;
(i)
Label the polarity at the end of each solenoid in box X and box Y.
Label kekutuban di hujung setiap solenoid dalam petak X dan petak Y.
[2 marks]
(ii)
Label the direction of motion of the bar magnet in the boxes provided in
Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2
Label arah gerakan setiap magnet bar dalam petak yang disediakan di Rajah
6.1 dan Rajah 6.2.
[2 marks]
(c) (i)
State whether the force that acts between the solenoid and bar magnet in
Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 is attractive or repulsive.
Nyatakan sama ada daya yang bertindak antara solenoid dan magnet bar dalam
Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 adalah tarikan atau tolakan.
Force in Diagram 6.1 / Dayadalam Rajah 6.1 : ...
Force in Diagram 6.2 / Dayadalam Rajah 6.2 : ...
[2 marks]
(ii)
Name the law that applies to (c)(i).

Namakan hukum yang digunakan di (c)(i).
.......................
[1 mark]
(d) Suggest one method to increase the magnitude of the induced current in the solenoid.
Cadangkan satu kaedah untuk menambahkan magnitud arus aruhan dalam solenoid.
.........
[1 mark]
Diagram 6.1 and 6.2 show a bar magnet is pushed into a solenoid at a speed of 2 ms-1.
Rajah 6.1 dan 6.2 menunjukkansebuah magnet bar ditolakmasukkedalam solenoid
dengankelajuan 2 ms-1.
DIAGRAM 6.1
DIAGRAM 6.2
(a) State the physical quantity that is represented by the deflection of the
galvanometer.
Nyatakan kuantiti fizik yang diwakili oleh pesongan galvanometer.
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2:
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2:
(i) State two differences that can be observed from Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2.
Nyatakanduaperbezaan yang bolehdiperhatikandalam Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah
6.2.
[2 marks]
(ii) Based on the answer in (b)(i), explain why these differences occur?
Berdasarkan jawapan pada (b)(i), jelaskan mengapa perbezaan ini berlaku?
.............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c) Name the physics law involved in 6(b)(ii).

Namakan hokum fizik yang terlibat dalam 6(b)(ii).
....................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(d) Explain why the direction of current in the solenoid is upward as shown in
Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2?
Terangkan mengapa arah arus dalam solenoid keatas seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
Diagram 7 shows a fixed coil is placed in between an iron rod and a bar magnet.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu gegelung yang tetap diletakkan di antara sebatang rod besi dan
sebuah magnet bar.
When the switch is closed, both of the iron rod and the bar magnet are attracted towards the
coil.
Apabila suis dihidupkan, kedua-dua rod besi dan magnet bar tertarik kepada gegelung.
(a) State the polarity at X.

Nyatakan kutub di X.
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Suggest two modifications that can be done in Diagram 7 in order to increase the force of
attraction between the coil and the iron rod.
Cadangkan dua pengubahsuaian yang boleh dilakukan dalam Rajah 7 bagi menambahkan
daya tarikan antara gegelung dan rod besi.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c)
(i) What will happen to the iron rod and the bar magnet when the connections to
the terminals of the battery are reversed?
Apakah akan berlaku kepada rod besi dan magnet bar jika sambungan kepada terminal
bateri diterbalikkan.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain your answer in 7(c)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di 7(c)(i).
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(d) The battery is then replaced by a low alternating current power supply. The switch is then
closed.
Bateri kemudian ditukar dengan bekalan arus ulang-alik yang berkuasa rendah. Suis
dihidupkan.
(i) Describe the motion of the iron rod.
Jelaskan pergerakan rod besi.
.......................................................................................................................................
(ii) Describe the motion of the bar magnet.
Jelaskan pergerakan magnet bar.
.............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(e) Using your answers in 7(c) and 7(d), state one application of iron rod with the coil in
everyday life.
Dengan menggunakan jawapan anda dalam 7(c) dan 7(d), nyatakan satu aplikasi rod besi
bersama gegelung dalam kehidupan harian.
..........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
Diagram 8.1 demonstrates the force acting on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic
field
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan daya yang bertindak pada satu konduktor yang membawa arus
dalam medan magnet.
battery
bateri
slip ring
copper wire
gelang gelincir
wayarkuprum
switch
suis
S
N
Plastic holder
strong permanent magnets
Pemegangplastik
magnet kekal yang kuat

(a)
(i)
When the switch is closed, what observation can you make?

Apabilasuisditutup, apakahpermerhatian yang dapatandabuat?
..
[1 mark]
(ii)
State the rule which can be used to determine the direction of motion of the
copper wire?
Berikan nama peraturan yang digunakan bagi menentukan arah gerakan
wayar kuprum tersebut ?
..
[1 mark]
(iii)
Draw the pattern of electromagnetic field (catapult field) in the diagram

below.
Lukiskan corak medan elektromagnet (medan lastik) pada rajah di bawah.
[3 marks]
(iv)
How can the magnitude of the force be increased?

Bagaimanakah magnitude daya tersebut boleh dipertingkatkan?
......
[1 mark]
(b)
Diagram 8.2 shows an electric motor which is supplied with a direct current
Rajah 8.2menunjukkansebuah motor eletrik menggunakan bekalan arus terus

(i)
Explain why the motor will rotate faster when the current increases.
Jelaskanmengapa motor akanberputardenganlebihlajujikaarusbertambah.
......
......
[2 marks]
(ii)
State two other ways to increase the speed of the motor.

Nyatakan dua lagi carau ntuk menambah laju putaran motor.
......
......
[2 marks]
(iii)
What will happen when the motor in Diagram 8.2 is connected to the
alternative current (a.c) power supply? Explain.
Apa akan terjadi jika motor dalam Rajah 8.2 disambung dengan bekalan
kuasa arus ulang alik (a.u)? Jelaskan.
......
......
[2 marks]
SECTION B
9
The following diagram 1 and Diagram 2 show wire coils connected to the
ammeters, switches and d.c. power supply.
Rajah 1 dan Rajah 2 di bawah menunjukkan gegelung dawai yang
disambungkan kepada ammeter suis dan bekalan kuasa a.t.
Diagram 1
Diagram 2
When the switch is on and iron filings of the same amount is spread on each
of the cardboard surface, the pattern of the iron filings is formed as shown in
the diagrams.
Apabila suis dihidupkan dan serbuk besi yang sama banyak ditaburkan pada
permukaan setiap kadbod, corak susunan serbuk besi terhasil adalah seperti
yang ditunjukkan dalam kedua-dua rajah tersebut.
(a)
What is the meant by magnetic field?

Apakah maksud medan magnet?
(b) Using Diagram 1 and Diagram 2, compare the number of turns of the coils,
the pattern of the iron filings and angle of deflection of the ammeter
indicator.
Menggunakan Rajah 1 dan Rajah 2, bandingkan bilangan lilitan gegelung,
corak susunan serbuk besi dan sudut pesongan penunjuk ammeter.
(c)
State the relationship between the strength of the magnetic field and
Nyatakan hubungan antara kekuatan medan magnet dengan
[1 mark]
[3 marks]
[2 marks]
(i) the pattern of iron filings, / corak susunan serbuk besi,

(ii) the number of turn of the coils, / bilangan lilitan gegelung.
(d) Diagram 3 shows two thin copper strips PQ and RS, connected to a circuit.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan dna jalur kuprum nipis, PQ and RS, yang
disambungkan kepada satu litar.
Diagram 3
[4 marks]
Explain what happens to PQ and RS, when the switch is on.

Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada PQ dan RS apabila suis dihidupkan.
(e)
Diagram 4 shows an electric motor which is supplied with a 12 V a.c.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan sebuah motor elektrik yang menggunakan bekalan
kuasa 12V a.u.
Diagram 4
[4 marks]
(i)
Explain how the motor is able to rotate.

Terangkan bagaimana motor tersebut boleh berputar
(ii)
Using a 12 V a.c. power supply, explain the modification that needs

to be done on the motor and the external circuit to enable motor to be
[6 marks]
a d.c. electric motor and rotate faster.
Dengan menggunakan bekalan kuasa 12 V a.u., terangkan
pengubahsuaian ke atas motor itu dan litar luar sup aya motor itu
dapat dijadikan motor elektrik a.t. dan berputar lebih laju.
Section C
(a)
Most of our electrical energy comes from hydroelectric power stations and
thermal power stations. These power stations are connected by cables to
transmit electricity to users in industries, offices, schools and houses. This
system is called the national grid network.
Sebahagian besar tenaga elektrik yang digunakan datang daripada stesen
janakuasa elektrik hidro dan stesen janakuasa termal. Stesen janakuasa ini
disambung antara satu sama lain menggunakan kabel untuk menyalurkan
tenaga elektrik kepada industri, pejabat, sekolah dan rumah kediaman. Sistem
ini dikenali sebagai rangkaian grid nasional.
(i)
What is the meaning of power

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kuasa?
[1 mark]
(ii)
(b)
Explain based on the transformations of energy and other physics concepthow

a hydroelectric power station generates electric energy.
Terangkan berdasarkan perubahan tenaga dan lain-lain konsep fizik
bagaimanakah sebuah stesen janakuasa elektrik hidro menjanakan tenaga
elektrik
[4 marks]
Diagram 12 shows how a model of an electric transmission system can be set
up in a laboratory.The model consists of a power station that generates 12 V
of alternating current (a.c) that transmits the electrical energy to the users
using transmission wires and transformersP. Q and R.
Rajah 12 menunjukkan satu model sistem penghantaran tenaga elektrik yang
boleh dibina di dalam makmal. Model ini mengandungi satu stesen janakuasa
yang menjana 12 V arus ulang alik (a.u) yang menghantar tenaga elektrik
kepada pengguna menggunakan dawai penghantar dan transformer P. Q dan
R
Diagram 12
Rajah 12
You are required to set up a model as in Diagram12 using the information in

Table 12.
Anda dikehendaki untuk menyediakan model seperti dalam Rajah 12 dengan
menggunakan maklumat dalam Jadual12.
Number of turns
of the coil
bilangan lilitan
gegelung
1200
1000
500
400
160
120
Type of transformer core

Jenis teras transformer
Materials of transmission wire

Bahan dawai penghantar
Solid copper core

Teras kuprum pepejal
Constantan
Konstantan
Laminated copper core

Teras kuprum berlamina
Solid soft iron core
Teras besi lembut
Laminated soft iron core
Teras besi lembut
berlamina
Copper
Kuprum
Aluminium
Aluminium
Nichrome
Nikrom
Table 12
Jadual 12
Using the information in Diagram 12 and Table 12, determine:
Menggunakan maklumat dalam Rajah 12 dan Jadual 12, tentukan:
(i)
the number of turns in the primary coil and the secondary coil of transformers
P, Q and R and show your working.
bilangan lilitan dalam gegelung primer dan bilangan lilitan dalam gegelung
sekunder bagi transformer P, Q dan R dan tunjukkan kerja hitungan yang
anda lakukan.
(ii)
the type of core you will use in all transformers and justify your choice.
jenis teras yang anda akan gunakan bagi semua transformer itu dan jelaskan
pilihan anda.
(iii) the material you will use for the transmission wire and justify your choice.
bahan yang anda akan gunakan untnk membina dawai penghantar dan
jelaskan pilihan anda.
[10 marks]
(c)
If the resistance of the transmission wires between transformers P and Q in

the model at Diagram 12 is 30, calculate:
Jika rintangan dawai penghantar antara transformer P dan transformer Q
dalam model pada Rajah 12 ialah 30 , hitungkan:
(i)
the current that flows in the transmission wire,

arus yang mengalir dalam dawai penghantar itu.
(ii)
the power loss due to the heating effect of the current in the transmission wire.
kuasa yang hilang disebabkan oleh kesan pemanasan arus dalam wayar
penghantar itu.
[5 marks]
ANSWER SCHEME
1(a)(i)
(ii)
Move inwards
(b)
Flemings Left Hand Rule
(c)
Speed of the rod increased
Total
A temporary magnet when there is a flow of electric current
2. (a)
(b) (i)
(ii)
South / S
(iii)
Attracted to iron nail (electromagnet)
Magnetic lifting machine / circuit breaker / electric bell / electric

relay / ticker timer / magnetic levitated train / electronic card
/parking machine /tape recorder.
(c)
3(a) Aruhan elektromagnet ialah proses penghasilan daya gerak elektrik(d.g.e) aruhan
dalam satu konduktor akibat perubahan fluks magnet apabila wujud gerakan relatif
antara konduktor dan medan magnet.
(b)
Utara
(c)
(d)
Tambahkan bilangan lilitan gegelung solenoid//Gunakan magnet yang lebih kuat
(e)
Hukum Lenz
4(a)(i) Increase the number of turns in the secondary coil.
(a)(ii)
Decrease the number of turns in the primary coil.
(b)
Can be magnetized and demagnetized easily
(c)(i)
36 = 24 x I
I = 1.5 A
36 = (240)Ip
Ip = 0.15A
(c)(ii)
5(a)
State the meaning of induced current correctly

The current that is induced by electromagnetic inductions when the
circuit is complete//The current that can be produced without any
electrical supply/source
(b)
(i)
Label the polarity of each solenoid correctly

1 X: N
2 Y: S
(ii)
Label the direction of motion of each magnet correctly

Diagram 6.1 bar magnet towards the solenoid
Diagram 6.2 bar magnet away from the solenoid
(c)
(i)
(ii)
State the type of force correctly

1
Repulsive
Attractive
Name the law correctly

Lenzs Law
(d)
Correct suggestion
Increase the speed of bar magnet/increase the number of turns of the
solenoid/use a stronger magnet
6(a) Induced current

(b)(i) 1- Number of turns in Diagram 6.1 is greater.
1
1
2- Angle of deflection for galvanometer in diagram 6.1 is bigger.
(ii) 1- as the number of turns increases, the rate of change of magnetic flux
increases
2- hence, induced more current
(c) Faradays law
(d) 1- The current induced produces north pole on the left side// Lenzs
Law
2- so as to oppose the oncoming magnet//the direction of the induced
current opposes the changes that producing it.
8(a)(i) Move upwards
(ii) Flemings Left-Hand Rule
(iii)
Direction of magnectic field of permanent magnet from north to

south
Direction of magnectic field of straigth wire, clockwise
1
1
1
Correct pattern
(iv) Use strong magnet/increasing the strength of the magnetic field //
increasing the current.
(b)(i) Turning force / force increases

Speed of the motor increases
(ii) Increasing the number of turns in the coil

Increasing the strength of the permanent magnet
(iii) The coil not moving

The current always change direction.
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
SECTION B
9
ANSWER SCHEME
(a)
A magnetic field is a region with a magnetic materials experiences magnetic

force.
Medan magnet ialah kawasan di mana bahan magnet mengalami daya

magnet.
(b) ..
The number of turns od coil in Diagram 2 is greater than that of in

Diagram 1.
Bilangan lilitan gegelung pada Rajah 2 adalah lebih banyak

daripada biliangan lilitan gegelung pada Rajah 1.
..
The pattern of iron fillings in Diagram 2 is closer than that of in

Diagram 1
Corak serbuk besi pada Rajah 2 lebih rapat daripada corak serbuk
besi pada Rajah 1.
..
The deflection of the ammeter needle in Diagram 2 is more that that
in Diagram 1.
Pesongan jarum ammeter pada Rajah 2 lebih banyak daripada
pesongan jarum ammeter pada Rajah 1.
** The above answer can be presented in a table **
(c)
(i)..
The strength of the magnetic field is greater when the pattern of the
iron filling is closer.
Kekuatan medan magnet bertambah apabila bilangan gegelung

bertambah.
(ii)..
The strength of the magnetic field increases as the number of turns of

the coil increases.
Kekuatan medan magnet bertambah apabila bilangan lilitan

gegelung bertambah.
(d) ..
When the switch is on, current will flow in the circuit as shown
below.
Apabila suis dipasangkan, arus akan mengalir melalui litar seperti di

bawah.
..
The current flow creates magnetic field between the copper strips.
Arus yang mengalir menyebabkan medan magnet wujud antara jalur
kuprum.
1
..
The directions of the magnetic field and the current flowing in copper
strips are the same, the magnetic field between the strips become
stronger. This causes the strips to repel each other.
Arah medan magnet dan arus yang mengalir dalam jalur kuprum
adalah sama. Hal ini menyebabkan jalur-jalur kuprum itu menolak
antara satu sama lain.
1
(e)
(i)..
..
As the a.c. current is supplied to the motor, the current coil produces
magnetic field around it.
Apabila arus a.u. dibekalkan kepada motor itu, arus gelung

menghasilkan medan magnet di sekelilingnya.
..
Reaction between the magnet and the magnetic field current results in
a resultant magnetic field. These two forces which are in opposite
direction produce a turning effect causing the coil to rotate.
Tindakan antara magnet dengan medan magnet arus menyebabkan

paduan medan magnet. Kedua-dua daya ini yang mempunyai arah
yang bertentangan menghasilkan kesan putaran yang menyebabkan
gelung itu berputar.
(ii)..
..
The slips rings are replaced with a commutator to change the current
from a.c. to d.c.
Gelang gelincir digantikan dengan komutator untuk mengubah arus
daripada a.u. ke a.t.
3
..
Add a rheostat and adjust the rheostat to reduce the resistance in the
circuit to let more current flow in the circuit in order to produce higher
magnetic fields.
Tambah rheostat dan laraskan rheostat untuk mengurangkan
rintangan dalam litar untuk membenarkan banyak arus mengalir
dalam litar untuk menghasilkan medan magnet yang lebih kuat.
..
Use armature with higher number of turns to increase the magnitude of

force acting on the side of the coil.
Guna angker dengan bilangan lilitan yang lebih banyak untuk
meningkatkan daya magnet yang bertindak ke atas gelung.
..
Use armature with larger area to increase the distance between the
lines of action of the force on the sides of the coil.

Guna angker dengan luas yang lebih besar untuk meningkatkan jarak
antara garis tindakan daya ke atas sisi gelung.
SECTION C
Section
Mark
12(a)(i)
Energy // Work // rate of energy // rate of work

time
time
(a)(ii)
When water fall flow gravitational energy convert to

kinetic energy
The kinetic energy converted to mechanical energy

when fall to turbine//dynamo
Electromagnetic induction produce current
Mechanical energy convert to electrical energy
(b)(i)
Answer
Transformer P:
1
1
NP 12
NQ 24
NP = 500 ,NS= 1000

Transformer Q:
NP 24
NQ 8
NP = 1200 ,NS= 400
Transformer R:
1
NP 8
NQ 6
Note
NP = 160 ,NS= 120
(b)(ii)
1
1
Laminated soft iron core

Easily magnitised / demagnitised // Reduced
hystherisis loss
(b)(iii)
1
1
Copper // aluminium
Small resistance // less loss of power in cable
(c)(i)
Current = 30
24
= 0.8 A
1
(c)(ii)
1
1
1
Total
20
P = I2 R
= (0.8)2(30)
= 19.2 W
First mark : correct

formula
Bab 9: Elektronik
1.
Chapter 9: Electronics
Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu simbol peranti elektronik

Diagram 1 shows an electronic device symbol.
Rajah 1
(a) Underline the correct answer in the bracket to complete the sentence below
Garis jawapan yang betul di dalam kurungan untuk melengkapkan ayat di bawah.
Device X is a symbol for (diode, transistor)
Peranti X adalah symbol untuk (diod, transistor)
(1 markah)
(b) (i) Label the direction of current flow in the circuit

Labelkan arah pengaliran arus yang betul dalam litar.
(1 markah)
(ii) State why the bulb in Figure 1 does not light up.
Nyatakan mengapa mentol di dalam Rajah 1 tidak menyala.
______________________________________________________________________
( 1 markah)
(c) What is the function of electronic devices in Diagram 1?
Apakah fungsi peranti elektronik di dalam Rajah 1?
_____________________________________________________________________
(1 markah)
Bab 9: Elektronik
2 Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2 show two circuits which consist of identical batteries, bulbs
and diodes.
Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan dua litar yang mengandungi bateri, mentol dan diod
yang serupa.
(a) Name the two types of semiconductors used in a diode.

Namakan dua jenis semikonduktor yang digunakan dalam satu diod.
1._______________________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________________
[2 markah ]
(b) Based on your observation in Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2, state the difference in
Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda dalam Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2, nyatakan perbezaan
dalam
(i) the connection of the diodes,
penyambungan diod,
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
(ii) the lighting of the bulbs,
penyalaan mentol,
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
(iii) the current flowed.
pengaliran arus.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
Bab 9: Elektronik
3
Diagram 4.1 shows the use of a transistor in a circuit.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan kegunaan transistor dalam suatu litar.
Bulb
R1 = 1500
IC
IB
6V
R2
V2
IE

(a) Name the type of transistor used.
Namakan jenis transistor yang digunakan.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
(b) The transistor is switched on when the base voltage V2 2 V.
Transistor itu dihidupkan apabila voltan tapak V2 2 V.
(i) Write an equation to show the relationship between IB, IC and IE.
Tuliskan satu persamaan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara IB, IC dan IE.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
(ii) Calculate the minimum value of R2 when the transistor is switched on.
Hitungkan nilai minimum R2 apabila transistor itu dihidupkan.
[2 markah]
Bab 9: Elektronik
(c) The resistor R2 is then replaced with a light dependent resistor which has a high
resistance when it is dark.
Perintang R2 kemudian digantikan dengan perintang peka cahaya yang mempunyai
rintangan tinggi apabila keadaan sekitar gelap.
(i) Explain whether the bulb will light up during the day.
Jelaskan sama ada mentol itu menyala pada waktu siang.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
4.
[2 marks]
Diagram 1 shows the structure of a simple cathode ray oscilloscope. Electrons are produced
from the filament, F in the process of thermionic emission.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur bagi osiloskop sinar katod ringkas. Elektron dihasilkan
daripada filamen, F dalam proses pancaran termion.
Diagram 1 Rajah 1
(a) Explain what is meant by the process of thermionic emission.

Terangkan apa yang dimaksudkan dengan proses pancaran termion.
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
(b) What is the function of anode, A in the cathode ray tube?
Apakah fungsi anod, A dalam tiub sinar katod?
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
Bab 9: Elektronik
(c) Why the space inside the cathode ray tube must be vacuum?
Mengapakah ruang dalam tiub sinar katod mesti divakumkan?
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
(d) What happen to the electrons when hit the screen of the cathode ray tube?
Apakah yang berlaku kepada elektron apabila menghentam skrin bagi tiub sinar katod?
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
(e) Explain what will happen if the current through the filament is increased.
Terangkan apa yang akan berlaku jika arus melalui filamen ditambahkan.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[2 markah]
(f) What will happen to the electron ray in Diagram 1 if switch S is turned on?
Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada sinar elektron dalam Rajah 1 jika suis S dihidupkan?
________________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
Table 3 shows a truth table for a combination of logic gates.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan jadual kebenaran bagi satu kombinasi get logik.
Input
Output
Table 3
Jadual 3
Bab 9: Elektronik
(a) Using a logic gate NOT and a logic gate AND, construct a combination of logic gates
which produces the truth table as shown on Table 3.
Dengan menggunakan satu get logik TAK dan get logik DAN, binakan satu kombinasi get
logik yang menghasilkan jadual kebenaran seperti dalam Jadual 3.
[2 markah]
(b) Diagram 2 shows a circuit consists of four NAND gates.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu litar yang mengandungi empat get TAK-DAN.
Diagram 2
Rajah 2
(i) Based on the combination of logic gates in Diagram 2, complete the truth table in
Table 4.
Berdasarkan kombinasi get logik dalam Rajah 2, lengkapkan jadual kebenaran
dalam Jadual 4.
Input
A
Output
C
Table 4
Jadual 4
[4 markah]
6
Bab 9: Elektronik
(ii) Draw a combination of logic gate that can replace a NAND gate.
Lukiskan satu kombinasi get logik yang boleh menggantikan get TAK-DAN.
[2 markah]
Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show the screen of a cathode ray oscilloscope that displays a
waveform when the input is connected to two different sources, K and L. The time-base is
set to 10 ms/div and the Y-gain is 0.1 V/ div.
Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan skrin osiloskop sinar katod yang memaparkan satu
bentuk gelombang apabila input disambung kepada dua sumber yang berbeza, K dan L.
Dasar-masa ditetapkan pada 10 ms/div dan gandaan-y ialah 0.1 V/div.
Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1
Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2
(a) (i) What is the peak voltage of source K?

Berapakah voltan puncak bagi sumber K?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah
(ii) What is the period of the source K?
Berapakah tempoh bagi sumber K?
[2 markah]
7
Bab 9: Elektronik
(iii) Determine the frequency of the source K.

Tentukan frekuensi bagi sumber K.
[2 markah]
(iv)What is the voltage of source L?
Berapakah voltan bagi sumber L?
[2 markah]
(b) State one difference between sources K and L.
Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara sumber K dan sumber L.
______________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
When a robber opens the door of a goldsmith shop which has been fixed with an alarm
system, the alarm will activate continuously even though the door is closed again. The
alarm system has a flip-flop circuit which consists of two NAND gates.
Apabila seorang perompak membuka pintu suatu kedai tukang emas yang dipasang
dengan satu sistem penggera, penggera akan diaktifkan berterusan walaupun pintu ditutup
semula. Sistem penggera mempunyai litar flip-flop yang mengandungi dua get TAK-DAN.
(a) (i) Draw the symbol for NAND gate.
Lukiskan simbol bagi get TAK-DAN.
[1 markah]
Bab 9: Elektronik
(ii) Complete the truth table in Table 1 for NAND gate.

Lengkapkan jadual kebenaran dalam Jadual 1 bagi get TAK-DAN.
Input
0
Output
Table 1
Jadual 1
[2 markah]
(b) Draw the flip-flop circuit diagram which uses two NAND gates. Label both input and
output.
Lukiskan rajah litar flip-flop yang mengguna dua get TAK-DAN. Labelkan kedua-dua
input dan output.
[4 markah]
(c) Complete the truth table in Table 2 for the flip-flop circuit of an alarm system.
Lengkapkan jadual kebenaran dalam Jadual 2 bagi litar flip-flop untuk satu sistem
penggera.
Input
Alarm condition:
Activated/Not
Output
activated
Keadaan penggera:
Aktif/Tidak aktif
1
Not activated
Tidak aktif
Table 2
Jadual 2
[3 markah]
9
Bab 9: Elektronik
8. Diagram 8 shows an electronic circuit consists of a transistor which acts as an automatic

switch.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu litar elektronik yang mengandungi satu transistor yang bertindak
sebagai suis automatik.
Diagram 8
Rajah 8
(a) (i) Name the type of transistor used in the circuit.
Namakan jenis transistor yang digunakan dalam litar.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
(ii) State the function of resistors R1 and R2.
Nyatakan fungsi perintang R1 dan R2.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
(iii) R2 is known as light dependent resistor. Explain the characteristics of R2.
R2 dikenali sebagai perintang peka cahaya. Terangkan ciri-ciri bagi R2.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[2 markah]
(b) (i) In your opinion, the relay will work in the day time or at night ?
Pada pendapat anda, geganti akan berfungsi pada waktu siang atau waktu malam?
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
10
Bab 9: Elektronik
(ii) Give reasons for your answer.

Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda.
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
[3 markah]
(iii) State one use of the electronic circuit in Diagram 3.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan litar elektronik dalam Rajah 3.
_____________________________________________________________________
[1 markah]
(c) The electronic circuit in Diagram 3 also can be used as a fire alarm device. How do you
modify the circuit so that the circuit can be used as a fire alarm device?
Litar elektronik dalam Rajah 3 juga boleh digunakan sebagai alat penggera kebakaran.
Bagaimanakah anda mengubahsuaikan litar itu supaya litar tersebut boleh digunakan
sebagai alat penggera kebakaran?
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
[2 markah]
9. (a) Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show two electrical circuits consisting of semiconductor
diodes, bulbs and dry cells.
Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan dua litar elektrik yang mengandungi diod
semikonduktor, mentol dan sel kering.
Diagram 9.1
Rajah 9.1
Diagram 9.2
Rajah 9.2
What is meant by a semiconductor?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan semikonduktor?
[1 markah]
11
Bab 9: Elektronik
(b) Based on your observation in Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, state the difference in the
connection of the diodes, lighting of the bulbs and the current to deduce a physics
concept.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian anda dalam Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2, nyatakan perbezaan
dalam penyambungan diod, penyalaan mentol dan arus untuk menyimpulkan satu konsep
fizik.
[5 markah]
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a full-wave rectification formed by 4 diodes.

Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan satu rektifikasi penuh gelombang yang terbentuk daripada 4 diod.
Diagram 9.3
Rajah 9.3
(i) Draw the output waveform of the full wave rectification.

Lukiskan bentuk gelombang output bagi rektifikasi penuh gelombang.
[1 markah]
(ii) A capacitor is connected across the output to smooth the current. Draw the output
waveform and explain how the capacitor smoothen the current.
Satu kapasitor disambung merentasi output untuk meratakan arus. Lukiskan bentuk
gelombang output dan terangkan bagaimana kapasitor meratakan arus.
[3 markah]
12
Bab 9: Elektronik
(c) Diagram 9.4 shows an electronic circuit which consists of a transistor that is used as
automatic switch.
Rajah 9.4 menunjukkan satu litar elektronik yang mengandungi satu transistor yang
digunakan sebagai suis automatik.
Diagram 9.4
Rajah 9.4
The transistor lights up the bulb when light strikes onto light dependent resistor (LDR).
A house owner wants an electric siren labelled 240 V, 500 W to activate automatically if
the house is hot due to fire.
Transistor menyalakan mentol apabila cahaya menghentam ke atas perintang peka
cahaya (PPC). Seorang tuan rumah mahu siren elektrik yang berlabel 240 V, 500 W aktif
secara automatik jika rumahnya dipanaskan oleh api.
Suggest modifications that is required by the circuit in Diagram 6.4, so that the siren can
be switched on automatically when the room in the house is hot.
Draw the modified circuit. Explanation of the modifications have to include the following
aspects:
the electrical components that are needed to replace the components in the circuit.
the positions of the electrical components in the new circuit.
Cadangkan pengubahsuaian yang diperlukan oleh litar dalam Rajah 6.4 supaya siren itu
boleh dihidupkan secara automatik apabila bilik dalam rumah adalah panas.
Lukiskan litar yang diubahsuaikan. Penerangan bagi pengubahsuaian hendaklah meliputi
aspek-aspek berikut:
komponen-komponen elektrik yang diperlukan untuk mengganti komponen-komponen
dalam litar.
kedudukan komponen-komponen elektrik dalam litar baru.
[10 markah]
13
Bab 9: Elektronik
10 (a) Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the same type of semiconductor substance doped with
impurities to form different semiconductors.
Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan bahan semikonduktor yang sama didopkan dengan
bendasing untuk membentuk semikonduktor yang berbeza.
Diagram 9.1
Rajah 9.1
(i) What is meant by doping?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pendopan?
[1 markah]
(ii) Explain how a n-type and p-type semiconductors are produced and the charges
involved as majority carriers in each type of the semiconductors.
Terangkan bagaimana semikonduktor jenis-n dan jenis-p dihasilkan dan cas yang
terlibat sebagai pembawa majoriti dalam setiap jenis semikonduktor.
[5 markah]
(iii) Name two uses of n-type semiconductor and p-type semiconductor.
Namakan dua kegunaan bagi semikonduktor jenis-n dan semikonduktor jenis-p.
[2 markah]
14
Bab 9: Elektronik
(b) Table 9 shows the characteristics of four materials as doping substances (dopants), J, K, L
and M.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat bahan yang sebagai bahan pendopan, J, K, L
dan M.
Type of materials
Melting
as dopants
point/C
Jenis bahan yang
diguna sebagai Takat lebur/C
bahan pendopan
J
K
L
M
1 084
1 414
419
200
Valency of the
dopant
Valensi bagi bahan
pendopan
Size of the dopant in

comparison with size of the
semiconductor atom of 0.04 nm
Saiz bahan pendopan berbanding
dengan saiz atom semi-konduktor
0.04 nm
Density/gcm3
Ketumpatan/
g cm 3
4
5
2
0
0.02
0.05
0.69
0.72
8.94
2.32
7.14
10.3
Table 9
Jadual 9
Explain the suitability of each characteristics in Table 9. Determine the most suitable
material to be used as doping substance (dopant) for semiconductor. Give reasons for your
choice.
Terangkan kesesuaian bagi setiap ciri-ciri dalam Jadual 9. Tentukan bahan yang paling
sesuai digunakan sebagai bahan pendopan untuk
semikonduktor. Berikan sebab bagi pilihan anda.
[10 markah]
15
Bab 9: Elektronik
SKEMA JAWAPAN
1. (a) diod
(b) (i) label rajah
(ii) pincang songsang
(c) allow current flow in one direction
2.
(a) p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor.

Semikonduktor jenis-p dan semikonduktor jenis-n.
(b) (i) Diagram 4.1 is forward-biased.
Rajah 4.1 ialah pincang ke depan.
(ii) Diagram 4.2 is reverse-biased.
Rajah 4.2 ialah pincang songsang.
(iii) Current flowed in Diagram 4.1. Nocurrent flowed in Diagram 4.2.
Arus mengalir dalam Rajah 4.1. Tiada arus mengalir dalam Rajah 4.2.
3. (a) Transistor NPN

(b) (i) IB + IC = IE
(ii)
V2
R2
6 R2 1500
(iii)
R2= 750
(c) (i) the bulb will not light up

Resistance R2 is small // V2 is small
(ii)
Current amplifier
4. (a) Process of producing electrons from the heating effect of filament.

Proses penghasilan elektron daripada kesan pemanasan filamen.
(b) To accelerate electrons.
Untuk memecut elektron.
(c) To avoid collisions with air / gas molecules.
Untuk mengelakkan perlanggaran dengan udara/molekul gas.
(d) Light and heat are produced.
Cahaya dan haba dihasilkan.
(e) More electrons are produced. This increases the brightness of the spot on the screen.
Lebih banyak elektron dihasilkan. Ini menambahkan kecerahan tompok pada skrin.
(f) Deflects upwards.
Memesong ke atas.
16
Bab 9: Elektronik
6. (a) (i) 5 0.1 = 0.5V

(ii) 10 ms = 0.01 s
period = 20 0.01 = 0.2 s
tempoh = 20 0.01 = 0.2 s
(iii) f = 1T
=1
0.2 = 5 Hz
(iv) V = 4 0.1 = 0.4 V
(b) K is an a.c. source. L is a d.c. source.
K ialah sumber a.u. L ialah sumber a.t
17
Bab 9: Elektronik
7.
8. (a) (i) n-p-n transistor

Transistor n-p-n
(ii) Voltage divider
Pembahagi voltan
(iii) It has low resistance in the presence of light. Resistance increases in the dark
condition.
Ia mempunyai rintangan rendah dengan kehadiran cahaya. Rintangan bertambah
dalam keadaan gelap.
18
Bab 9: Elektronik
(b) (i) At night

Pada waktu malam
(ii) At night, the resistance of the light dependent resistor is high and
this causes the voltage across it to increase.
Pada waktu malam, rintangan bagi perintang peka cahaya adalah tinggi
dan menyebabkan voltan melaluinya bertambah.
Base current flows through the base circuit causes collector current flows
through the relay.
Arus tapak mengalir melalui litar tapak menyebabkan arus pengumpul mengalir
melalui geganti.
(iii) To light up lamp at night
Untuk menyalakan lampu pada waktu malam.
(c) R1 is replaced by thermistor and R2 by a normal resistor.
R1 diganti dengan termistor dan R2 diganti dengan perintang normal.
9. (a) It is a material with resistance between conductors and insulators.

Ia merupakan sejenis bahan yang mempunyai rintangan di antara konduktor dan penebat.
(b) In Diagram 6.1, the positive terminal of the cell is connected to the anode of
diode. The negative terminal of cell is connected to the cathode. This is the
forward-biased arrangement, current flows and lights up the bulb.
Dalam Rajah 6.1, terminal positif sel disambung kepada anod diod. Terminal negatif
sel disambung kepada katod. Ini merupakan susunan pincang ke depan, arus mengalir dan
menyalakan mentol.
In Diagram 6.2, the positive terminal of the cell is connected to the cathode of diode. The
negative terminal of cell is connected to the anode. This is the reversed-biased arrangement, no
current flows and the bulb does not light up.
Dalam Rajah 6.2, terminal positif sel disambung kepada katod diod. Terminal
negatif sel disambung kepada anod. Ini merupakan susunan pincang songsang, tiada
arus mengalir dan mentol tidak menyala.
(c) (i)
(ii) The capacitor stores charge during the forward half cycle. During the reverse
half cycle, the capacitor releases charge at the output.
Kapasitor menyimpan cas semasa separuh kitar pincang ke depan. Semasa separuh
kitar pincang songsang, kapasitor membebaskan cas sebagai output.
(d)
Thermistor
Termistor
Relay
Geganti
R2
R1
Siren
Siren
240 V
Resistance of the thermistor decreases when the temperature increases.
19
Bab 9: Elektronik
Rintangan termistor berkurang apabila suhu bertambah.

The bulb is replaced by relay.
Mentol digantikan dengan geganti.
LDR is replaced by thermistor in the same position as LDR.
PPC digantikan dengan termistor dalam kedudukan yang sama seperti PPC.
R1 remains at the same position.
R1 dikekalkan pada kedudukan yang sama.
Voltage across R1 is high, voltage across thermistor is low.
Voltan merentasi R1 adalah tinggi, voltan merentasi termistor adalah rendah.
10. (a) (i) It is a process of adding impurities to improve the conductivity of a semiconductor.
Ia merupakan satu proses penambahan bendasing untuk mempertingkatkan
kekonduksian bagi suatu semikonduktor.
(ii) Semiconductor in Diagram 9.1 is of n-type. It is produced by adding
pentavalent atom such as arsenic to silicon where there is an excess
of electron in the outer shell. The excess electrons are free electrons
known as majority charge carriers.
Semikonduktor dalam Rajah 9.1 ialah jenis-n. Ia dihasilkan dengan menambah
atom pentavalen seperti arsenik kepada silikon di mana terdapat satu elektron
berlebihan dalam petala luar. Elektron berlebihan ialah elektron bebas yang
dikenali sebagai pembawa cas majoriti.
Semiconductor in Diagram 9.2 is of p-type. It is produced by adding
trivalent atom such as boron, indium or gallium where there is an
deficiency of one electron in the outer shell. An electron is pulled
from a neighbouring atom to fill the deficiency, hence a hole is formed.
The holes are the majority carriers.
Semikonduktor dalam Rajah 9.2 ialah jenis-p. Ia dihasilkan dengan
menambahkan atom trivalen seperti boron, indium atau galium di mana
terdapat satu kekurangan elektron di petala luar. Satu elektron ditarik dari
atom berdekatan untuk memenuhi kekurangan, seterusnya, lohong terbentuk.
Lohong ialah pembawa majoriti.
(iii) Used in the manufacture of diode and transistor.
Digunakan dalam pembuatan diod dan transistor.
(b) Melting point must be high so that
the substance does not melt at high temperature.
Takat lebur mestilah tinggi supaya bahan tidak lebur pada suhu tinggi.
Valency of doping substance is 5 to make n-type semiconductor.
Valensi bagi bahan pendopan ialah 5 untuk membuat semikonduktor jenis-n.
Size of doping substance is about the same size as the semiconductor atom so
that it can fit into the crystal structure of the semiconductor.
Saiz bahan pendopan adalah lebih kurang sama dengan saiz atom semikonduktor supaya
ia boleh masuk ke dalam struktur kristal bagi semikonduktor.
Density must be low so that it is light and easy to carry.
Ketumpatan mestilah rendah supaya ia ringan dan mudah untuk dibawa.
Based on the reasons above, material K is most suitable because it has high melting
20
Bab 9: Elektronik
point, valency of 5, size close to the size of the semiconductor and low density.
Berdasarkan sebab-sebab di atas, bahan K ialah paling sesuai kerana ia mempunyai
takat lebur yang tinggi, valensi 5, saiz dekat kepada saiz semikonduktor dan berketumpatan
rendah.
21
Bab 10: Radioaktif
Chapter 10: Radioactive

Section A
BahagianA
1. Radioisotope uranium-238 decays to become thorium-234 as shown in the

equation below.
Radioisotop uranium-238 mereput untuk menjadi thorium-234 seperti dalam
persamaan berikut.
238
92
234
90
Th P Energy
(a) (i) What is meant by radioisotope?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan radiolsotop?
.................................................................................................................
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii) What is radiation P?
Apakah sinar P?
.................................................................................................................
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(b) If the mass defect in the above radioactive decay is 3.35 10 -27 kg, calculate the
energy released in joule. (Speed of light, c = 3.0 10 8 m s-1).
Jika cacat jisim dalam pereputan di atas adalah 3.35 10-27 kg, hitung tenaga
yang dibebaskan dalam joule. (Laju cahaya, c = 3.0 108 m s-1)
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
Bab 10: Radioaktif
(c) A radioactive source which emits radiation P is placed near an electric field as
shown in Diagram 3.
Satu sumber radioaktif yang memancarkan sinaran P diletakkan berdekatan
medan elektrik seperti dalam Rajah 3.
(i)
On Diagram 3, draw the path of radiation P in the electric field.

Dalam Rajah 3, lukiskan laluan sinaran P di dalam medan elektrik.
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(ii)
Explain your answer in (c)(i)

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (c)(i)
.................................................................................................................
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
Bab 10: Radioaktif
2.
Diagram 4.1 shows a Geiger-Muller tube connected to a counter rate meter to detect
radioactive rays from a radioisotope P.
Rajah 4. 1 menunjukkan sebuah tiub Geiger-Muller disambungkan pada satu meter
kadar untuk mengesan sinaran radioaktif dari radioisotop P.
Diagram 4.1
(a)
(i)
(ii)
Name one radioactive ray which can be detect by a Geiger-Muller tube?

Namakan satu jenis sinaran radioaktif yang boleh dikesan oleh tiub
Geiger-Muller?
..................................................................................................................
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
Explain how the radioactive rays is detected by the tube.
Jelaskan bagaimana sinaran radioaktif itu boleh di kesan oleh tiub itu.
................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
Bab 10: Radioaktif
(b) The radioisotope P has been removed but there is still a small reading on the
counter rate meter. What causes this reading?
Walaupun radio isotop P sudah dialihkan, meter kadar masih merekodkan
suatu bacaan yang kecil. Apakah yang menyebabkan bacaan ini?
.......................................................................................................................
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
Diagram 4.2 shows a graph of radioactive activity, N, for radioisotope P against

time, t.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan satu graf keaktifan, N, radioisotope P yang dicatatkan oleh
meter kadar melawan masa, t.
[I mark]
[1 markah]
(c) Determine the half life of radioisotope P.

Tentukan setengah hayat radioisotop P.
[2 markah]
[2 marks]
(d) State one application of the radioisotope.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan radioisotop.
.................................................................................................................................
[1 markah]
[1 mark]
Bab 10: Radioaktif
Diagram 5.1 shows the arrangement of apparatus used in an experiment to

investigate the maximum distance travelled by rays from a radioactive source.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan susunan radas suatu eksperimen untuk mengkaji jarak
maksimum yang dilalui oleh sinaran dari suatu sumber radioaktif.
Radioactive source
Sumber radioaktif
Mica window
Tingkap mika
Ratemeter
Meter kadar
Geiger-Muller tube
Tiub Geiger-Muller
0 7 4 2

Diagram 5.2 shows the graph of the rate meter reading against distance for radioactive
source A.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan graf bacaan meter kadar melawan jarak bagi
Sumber radioaktif A.
Ratemeter reading / counts per minute
Bacaan meter kadar / pembilangan per
minit
300
Source A
Sumber A
200
100
10
12
14
16 Distance, d /
cm
Jarak, d / cm
Bab 10: Radioaktif
Diagram 5.3 shows the graph of the rate meter reading against distance for
radioactive source B.
Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan graf bacaan meter kadar melawan jarak bagi sumber
radioaktif B.
Ratemeter reading / counts per minute

Bacaan meter kadar / pembilangan per
minit
300
Source B
Sumber B
200
100
10
15
20
25
30
35

(a)
40 Distance, d /
cm
Jarak, d / cm
Why is the mica window of the Geiger-Muller tube very thin?

Mengapakah tingkap mika tiub Geiger-Muller itu sangat nipis?
..
(b)
[1 mark]
(i) State one similarity in the change of the ratemeter reading for source A
and source B.
Nyatakan satu kesamaan bagi perubahan bacaan meter kadar bagi
sumber A dan sumber B.
..
..
[1 mark]
Bab 10: Radioaktif
(ii)
Compare the maximum distance travelled by the radiation from source

A and source B.
Bandingkan jarak maksimum yang dilalui oleh sinaran dari sumber A
dan sumber B.
.....
....
[1 mark]
(iii) Compare the final ratemeter reading for source A and source B.
Bandingkan bacaan akhir meter kadar bagi sumber A dan sumber B.
..
..
[1 mark]
(c)
Name the radiation that causes the final reading of the ratemeter.
Namakan sinaran yang menyebabkan bacaan akhir meter kadar itu.
...
[1 mark]
(d)
State the type of radiation emitted by source A.

Explain your answer.
Nyatakan jenis sinaran yang dipancarkan oleh sumber A.
Jelaskan jawapan anda.
...
...
[2 marks]
Bab 10: Radioaktif
(e)
State one precaution that should be taken when conducting the experiment.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil apabila
mengendalikan eksperimen tersebut.
...
[1 mark]
Diagram 6.1 shows the activity of a radioactive substance X and a radioactive

substance Y being measured by a Geiger-Muller tube connected to a rate meter.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan aktiviti bahan radioaktif X dan bahan radioaktif Y diukur
oleh tiub Geiger-Muller yang disambung kepada meter kadar.
G-M tube
Tiub G-M
Ratemeter
Meter kadar
Radioactive substance X
Bahan radioaktif X
G-M tube
Tiub G-M
Radioactive substance Y
Bahan radioaktif Y
Ratemeter
Meter kadar
Bab 10: Radioaktif
Diagram 6.2 shows the decay curves obtained for radioactive substance X and
radioactive substance Y.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan lengkungan pereputan yang diperoleh bagi bahan
radioaktif X dan bahan radioaktif Y.
Activity / Counts per minute
Aktiviti / Pembilangan per minit
800
700
600
500
400
X
300
Y
200
100
0
10
15
20
25
30
Time / minutes
Masa / minit

(a)
What is the meaning of half life?

Apakah maksud separuh hayat?
[1 mark]
(b)
Based on the decay curves in Diagram 6.2,

Berdasarkan lengkungan-lengkungan pereputan dalam Rajah 6.2,
(i)
State the half life of radioactive substance X and radioactive substance Y.

Nyatakan separuh hayat bagi bahan radioaktif X dan bahan radioaktif Y.
X
.................................
.................................
[2 marks]
Bab 10: Radioaktif
(ii)
For radioactive substance X and radioactive substance Y, what percentage

remains undecayed after 10 minutes?
Bagi bahan radioaktif X dan bahan radioaktif Y, berapa peratuskah yang
belum mereput selepas 10 minit?
X
.................................
.................................
[2 marks]
(c) Based on the answers to 6(b)(i) and 6(b)(ii), compare the decay rates of
radioactive substance X and radioactive substance Y.
Hence state the relationship between decay rate and half life.
Berdasarkan jawapan-jawapan kepada 6(b)(i) dan 6(b)(ii), banding kadar
pereputan bagi bahan radioaktif X dan bahan radioaktif Y.
Seterusnya, nyatakan hubungan antara kadar pereputan dan separuh hayat.
[2 marks]
(d)
Give a reason why the readings of the ratemeters did not drop to zero
after radioactive substance X and radioactive substance Y were removed.
Beri satu sebab mengapa bacaan-bacaan meter kadar itu tidak kembali ke
sifar selepas bahan radioaktif X dan bahan radioaktif Y dikeluarkan.
..........
[1 mark]
Two nuclear reactions A and B are represented by the following equations:

Dua tindak balas nuklear A dan B diwakili oleh persamaan berikut:
Nuclear reaction A / Tindak balas nuklear A
235
92
92
1
U 01 n141
56 Ba 36 Kr 30 n Energy (Tenaga)
Nuclear reaction B / Tindak balas nuklear B

2
1
H 31 H42 He 01 n Energy (Tenaga)
Bab 10: Radioaktif
Table 6.1 shows the mass of the nuclides involved in the reactions.
Jadual 6.1 menunjukkan jisim bagi nuklid yang terlibat dalam tindak balas itu.
Nuclide
Nuklid
235
92 U
141
56 Ba
92
36 Kr
1
0n
Mass / u
Jisim / u
235.04392
140.91441
91.92611
1.00867
Nuclide
Nuklid
2
1H
3
1H
4
2 He
Mass / u
Jisim / u
2.014102
3.016049
4.002603
Table 6.1 / Jadual 6.1

(a)
What is the meaning of a nuclide?

Apakah maksud nuklid?
................................................................................................................................
(b)
In Table 6.2, write down the total mass of the nuclides before and after each
of the nuclear reaction.
Dalam Jadual 6.2, tuliskan jumlah jisim nuklid-nuklid tersebut sebelum dan
selepas setiap tindak balas nuklear.
[3 marks] / [3 markah]
Nuclear reaction
Total mass before reaction
Tindak
balas Jumlah jisim sebelum
nuklear
tindak balas
Total mass after reaction

Jumlah jisim selepas
tindak balas
A
B
Table 6.2 / Jadual 6.2
(c)
(i)
Compare the total mass of the nuclides before and after each nuclear
reaction.
Bandingkan jumlah jisim nuklid sebelum dan selepas setiap tindak
balas.
.....................................................................................................................
Bab 10: Radioaktif

(ii)
From the results obtained in Table 6.2, deduce how energy is produced
in a nuclear reaction.
Daripada keputusan yang diperoleh dalam Jadual 6.2, deduksikan
bagaimana tenaga dihasilkan dalam satu tindak balas nuklear.
..........................................................................................................................
(d)
(i)
Which nuclear reaction can cause a chain reaction?

Tindak balas nuklear manakah boleh menyebabkan tindak balas
berantai?
........................
(ii)
Name the rod that is used to control the reaction in a nuclear reactor.
Namakan rod yang digunakan untuk mengawal tindak balas tersebut
dalam sebuah reaktor nuklear.
.............................
Diagram 3 shows the nuclear reaction involving the nucleus of uranium-235 in a

nuclear reactor.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan tindakbalas nuklear melibatkan nukleus uranium-235 di
dalam suatu
reaktor nuklear.
Diagram 3
Bab 10: Radioaktif

(a)
Name the process as shown in the Diagram 3.

Namakan proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.
[1 mark]
(b)
Explain why the heavy nucleus uranium-235 splitting to lighter nucleuses

barium and krypton during this process.
Terangkan mengapa nukleus berat uranium-235 terbelah kepada nukleusnukleus ringan barium dan kripton ketika proses ini.
[2 marks]
(c)
The complete equation for the above reaction is given below:

Persamaan lengkap untuk tindakbalas di atas adalah seperti di bawah:
U 01n
[Total mass: 236.0529 u.]
235
92
Ba
141
56
Kr 3 (10 n) E
[Total mass: 235.8653 u.]
92
36
Calculate the mass defect (lost of mass) in above reaction.

Hitungkan cacat jisim (kehilangan jisim) dalam tindakbalas di atas.
[2 marks]
(d)
The nuclear energy produces, E in this reaction can be determined by using

Einsteins energy-mass equation:
E = m c2
Tenaga nuklear yang terhasil, E dalam tindakbalas ini boleh ditentukan
dengan menggunakan persamaan tenaga-jisim Einstein:
E = m c2
Based on the equation, relate the energy, E with the mass defect, m.
Berdasarkan persamaan itu, hubungkaitkan tenaga, E dengan cacat jisim, m.
[1 mark]
Bab 10: Radioaktif

7.
Diagram 7 shows a spark counter as a radiation detector and a rate meter are used to
detect the level of milk in containers in a nuclear laboratory. Radioisotope used by a
researcher as radioactive source emits alpha radiation.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan pembilang bunga api sebagai pengesan sinaran dan meter
kadar digunakan untuk mengesan aras susu di dalam bekas-bekas dalam sebuah
makmal nuklear.
Radioisotop yang digunakan oleh pengkaji sebagai sumber
radioaktif mengeluarkan sinaran alfa.
Diagram 7
Rajah 7
(a)
What is the meaning of radioisotope?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan radioisotop?
.
[1 mark]
(b)
The system setup by the researcher does not show any reading of rate
meter.
Sistem yang di susun oleh pengkaji itu tidak menunjukkan sebarang
bacaan pada meter kadar.
Suggest a modification need to be done so that the rate meter shows a
reading and then detect the level of milk in containers through these
aspects:
Cadangkan pengubahsuaian yang perlu dibuat supaya meter kadar
menunjukkan bacaan dan seterusnya mengesan aras susu dalam bekasbekas melalui aspek-aspek berikut:
Bab 10: Radioaktif

(i)

The radiation emits by radioisotope of radioactive source.
Sinaran yang dikeluarkan oleh radioisotop bagi sumber radioactif.
[1 mark]
(ii)
The penetration power of the radiation used.

Kuasa penembusan sinaran yang digunakan.
[1 mark]
(iii)
The radiation detector used.

Pengesan sinaran yang digunakan.
[1 mark]
(c)
By using your modified system in (b), the rate meter reading of four milk
containers P, Q, R
and S when they passing through the radiation are
recorded as shown in Table 7.
Dengan menggunakan sistem yang anda telah ubahsuai dalam (b), bacaan
meter kadar bagi empat bekas susu P, Q, R dan S apabila melalui sinaran
itu dicatatkan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 7.
Milk container
Bekas susu
Rate meter reading /
counts per minute
Bacaan meter kadar
/
Bilangan per minit
460
462
520
458
Table 7
Jadual 7
The rate meter still records a reading 100 counts per minute even though
the radioactive source is removed.
Meter kadar masih mencatatkan bacaan 100 bilangan per minit
walaupun sumber
radioaktif telah dialihkan.
Bab 10: Radioaktif
(i)
State why the rate meter still record a reading.

Nyatakan mengapa meter kadar itu masih mencatatkan bacaan.
[1 mark]
(ii)
Based on Table 7, which container has the least amount of milk?

Give one reason for your answer.
Berdasarkan Jadual 7, bekas manakah mempunyai kandungan
susu yang kurang?
Berikan satu sebab untuk jawapan anda.
[2 marks]
(iii)
What is the actual rate meter reading for the milk container in (c)
(ii)?
Berapakah bacaan sebenar meter kadar untuk bekas susu dalam
(c) (ii)?
[1 mark]
(d)
The mass of the radioisotope used is reduced from 80 g to 20 g in 30 seconds.

Calculate the half life of the radioisotope.
Jisim radioisotop yang digunakan berkurang dari 80 g kepada 20 g dalam
masa 30 saat. Hitungkan separuh hayat bagi radioisotop itu.
[2 marks]
Bab 10: Radioaktif

8
Diagram 3.1 shows a special two-layered box. On the inside, it is made from lead and the
outside is wood.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebuah kotak dua lapisan. Pada bahagian dalam, ia diperbuat
daripada plumbum dan di bahagian luar daripada kayu.
Layer of lead
Lapisan Plumbum
Dangerous
material
Bahan merbahaya
Wood
Kayu

(a)
(i)
What dangerous material is being stored?

Apakah bahan berbahaya yang disimpan?
[1 mark/markah]
(ii)
Why is such material dangerous?

Mengapakah bahan tersebut berbahaya?
[1 mark/markah]
(iii) Why is lead used on the inside?

Mengapakah plumbum digunakan di bahagian dalam?
(iv)
[1 mark/markah]
How should one handle the material stored in this box?
Bagaimanakah sepatutnya mengendalikan bahan yang tersimpan di dalam
kotak ini?
[1 mark/markah]
Bab 10: Radioaktif
(b)
The activity of a sample X is as shown by the graph in Diagram 3.2.

Aktiviti sampel X ditunjukkan oleh graf dalam Rajah 3.2.
Aktivity/h-1
Time/h
Diagram 3.2/ Rajah 3.2
Using the graph in Diagram 3.2, determine the half-life of sample X.
Dengan menggunakan graf dalam Rajah 3.2, tentukan separuh hayat bagi sampel
X.
[2 marks/markah]
Bab 10: Radioaktif
Section C
Bahagian C
Radioactive material has some important uses in the field of agriculture such as to study
the effectiveness of fertilizers and control the population of pests.
Bahan radioaktif mempunyai beberapa kegunaan penting dalam bidang pertanian seperti
mengkaji keberkesanan baja dan pengawalan populasi serangga.
(a) A researcher conducted an investigation using posphorus-32 to study the
absorption and movement of fertilizers in the plant. Diagram 12.1 shows how
radioisotope posphorus-32 is injected to the stem of the plant. The half-life of
posphorus-32 is 14 days and emits -particles.
Seorang penyelidik telah menjalankan satu penyiasatan menggunakan fosforus-32
untuk mengkaji penyerapan dan pergerakan baja dalam satu tumbuhan. Rajah 12.1
menunjukkan bagaimana fosforus-32 disuntik ke dalam batang tumbuhan itu.
Separuh hayat bagi fosforus-32 ialah 14 hari dan memancarkan zarah-.
Based on the information on radioactivity and Diagram 12.1:

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam keradioakifan dan Rajah 12.1:
(i)
What is meant by half life?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan separuh hayat?
(ii)
What is -particles?
Apakah zarah-?
[1 markah]/[1 mark]
(iii)
[1 markah]/[1 mark]
Name the most suitable detector could be used to detect -particles.
Namakan satu alat pengesan yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk mengesan
zarah-.
Bab 10: Radioaktif

[1 markah]/[1 mark]
(b)
The initial posphorus-32 activity is 800 counts per second.

Calculate the time taken for the phosphorus-32 activity to decrease to 50 counts per
second.
Keaktifan awal fosforus-32 ialah 800 bilangan per saat.
Hitung masa yang diambil untuk keaktifan fosforus-32 berkurang menjadi 50
bilangan per saat.
[2 markah]/[2 marks]
(c)
The population of pests can be controlled using radiation from radioactive source.
You are assigned to study the characteristics of some radioisotopes that are suitable
for use in controlling the population of pests.
Table 12.2 shows the characteristics of four radioisotopes.
Populasi serangga dapat dikawal dengan menggunakan sinaran radioaktif dari
satu sumber radioaktif.
Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri bagi beberapa radioisotope yang sesuai
untuk digunakan dalam mengawal populasi serangga.
Jadual 12.2 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat radioisotop.
Radioisotop
Radioisotope
Ciri-ciri radioisotop
Characteristics of radioisotope
Keadaan jirim
State of matter
Jenis sinar
Types of ray
Separuh hayat
Half-life
Iodin-131
Iodine-131
Cecair
Liquid
Gama
Gamma
8 hari
8 days
Xenon-133
Xenon-133
Pepejal
Solid
Beta
Beta
5 hari
5 days
Kobalt-60
Cobalt-60
Pepejal
Solid
Gama
Gamma
5 tahun
5 years
Strontium-90
Strontium-90
Cecair
Liquid
Beta
Beta
8 tahun
8 years
Bab 10: Radioaktif
Explain the suitability of the characteristics of the radioisotope to be used in the

controlling the population of pests based on the following aspects:
Terangkan kesesuaian ciri-ciri radioisotop untuk digunakan dalam mengawal
populasi serangga berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:
- State of matter
Keadaan jirim
- Types of ray
Jenis sinar
- Half-life
Separuh hayat
Determine the most suitable radioisotope to be used and give the reason for your
choice.
Tentukan radioisotope yang paling sesuai digunakan dan beri sebab bagi pilihan
anda.
(d) The following equation shows a fission reaction ofuranium-235.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan satu persamaan tindakbalas pembelahan nukleus
Uranium-235.
1
0
(i)
235
92
Kr
91
36
142
56
Ba 3 01n Energy
What is meant by a nuclear fission?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pembelahan nukleus?
[1 markah]/[1 mark]
(ii)
Nuclear fission produces a chain reaction.

Describe how the chain reaction occurs in a nuclear fission of an atom of
Uranium- 235.
Pembelahan nukleus menghasilkan tindakbalas berantai.
Huraikan bagaimana tindakbalas berantai berlaku dalam pembelahan satu
atom uranium-235.
Bab 10: Radioaktif
(iii) The nuclear energy produced in the fission reaction of uranium-235 is

2.9 10-11 J.
Calculate the total lost of mass in the reaction.
[c = 3 108 m s-1]
Tenaga nuklear yang dihasilkan dalam tindakbalas pembelahan itu ialah
2.9 10-11 J
Hitungkan jumlah kehilangan jisim dalam tindakbalas itu.
[c = 3 108 m s-1]
Bab 10: Radioaktif
Skema Jawapan
Section A
BahagianA
Bab 10: Radioaktif
KERTAS 3
SOALAN 1
Question 1.1
F4 : Chapter 2
A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the
compression, x, of a spring by an object placed on it and the height, h, reached by the
object when released. The apparatus set-up for this experiment is shown in Diagram 1.1.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan suatu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hubungan antara jarak
mampatan, x, suatu spring oleh satu bola yang diletakkan di atasnya dan tinggi, h, yang dicapai
oleh apabila dilepaskan. Susunan radas eksperimen adalah seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.1
Diagram 1.2 shows the height, y, reached by the ball when the compression, x, of the
spring is 1.5 cm.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan tinggi, y, yang dicapai bola apabia jarak mampatan, x, spring
ialah 1.5 cm.
1|Modul Fizik Kertas 3 PPDKota Setar
The experiment is repeated with compressions of x = 2.0 cm, 2.5 cm, 3.0 cm and 3.5 cm.
The corresponding heights reached by the ball are shown in Diagrams 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6.
Eksperimen itu diulang dengan jarak mampatan, x = 2.0 cm, 2.5 cm, 3.0 cm dan 3.5 cm.
Tinggi sepadan yang dicapai oleh bola itu adalah ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.3, 1.4, 1.5
dan 1.6.
Diagram1.3
Rajah 1.3
Diagram 1.4
Rajah 1.4
Diagram 1.5
Rajah 1.5
Diagram 1.6
Rajah1.6
6
0 cm 1
0 cm 1
4
6
0 cm 1
0 cm 1
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
(a) For the experiment described on page 2, identify:

Bagi eksperimen yang diterangkan pada halaman 2, kenal pasti:
(i) The manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
(ii)
. [1 mark] / [1 markah]
The responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerak balas
.[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(iii) The constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
.[1 mark] / [1 markah]
(b)
For this part of the question, write your answersin the corresponding spaces provided
in the diagrams.
Untuk bahagian soalan ini, tulis jawapan andadalam ruang yang disediakan
dalamrajah-rajah yang sepadan.
Based on Diagrams 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 on pages 2 and 3:
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5dan 1.6 pada halaman 2 dan3:
(i)
Record the readings of the height, y, reached.

Catatkan bacaan tinggi, y, yang dicapai.
(ii)
The total height, h, reached by the ball is given by the equation h = y + x

Jumlah tinggi, h, yang dicapai bola diberi oleh persamaan h = y + x
(iii) For each value of h, calculate h.

Untuk setiap nilai h, hitungkan h.
[4 marks] / [4markah]
(c)
Tabulate your results for all values of x, y, h and hin the space below.
Jadualkan keputusan anda bagi semua nilaix,y,h and hdalam ruang dibawah.
[3 marks] / [3markah]
(d)
(e)
On the graph paper on page 5, draw a graph of h against x.

Pada kertas graf di halaman 5, lukis grafhmelawan x.
Based on the graph in 1(d), state the relationship between h and x.
Berdasarkan graf di 1(d), nyatakan hubungan antarahdengan x.
Graph of h against x
Grafhmelawanx
Question 1.2
F4 : Chapter 5
A student carries out an experiment to study the relationship between the angle of
incidence, i, and the angle of refraction, r, when a light ray passes from a semicircular
glass block to air. The apparatus set-up for this experiment is shown in Diagram 1.1.
Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara sudut tuju,
i, dan sudut biasan, r, apabila sinar cahaya merambat dari sebuah blok kaca semibulatan
ke udara. Susunan radas bagi eksperimen ini ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.1.
r
Refracted ray
Sinar biasan
Semi-circular glass block

Blok kaca semibulatan
i
Incident ray
Sinar tuju
Ray box
Kotak sinar
To power supply
Ke bekalan kuasa
The ray box is adjusted so that a ray of light travels at an angle of incidence, i = 15o in the
semicircular glass block.
The angle of refraction, r, is measured with a protractor as shown in Diagram 1.2.
The experiment is repeated with angles of incidence, i = 20o, 25o, 30o and 35o.
The corresponding measurements made by the protractor are shown in Diagrams 1.3, 1.4,
1.5 and 1.6.
Kotak sinar dilaraskan supaya satu sinar cahaya bergerak pada sudut tuju, i = 15odi
dalamblok kaca semibulatan.
Sudut biasan, r, diukur oleh sebuah protractor, seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.2.
Eksperimen itu diulang dengan sudut tuju,i = 20o, 25o, 30odan35o.
Pengukuran sepadan yang dibuat oleh protraktor ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan
1.6.
Refracted ray
Sinar biasan
i = 15o
sin i = 0.259
15o
r = .
sin r =
Incident ray
Sinar tuju
Refracted ray
Sinar biasan
i = 20o
sin i =
20o
r = .
sin r =
Incident ray
Sinar tuju
Refracted ray
Sinar biasan
i = 25o
25o
sin i =
r = .
sin r =
Incident ray
Sinar tuju
Refracted ray
Sinar biasan
i = 30o
30o
sin i =
r = .
sin r =
Incident ray
Sinar tuju
35o
Refracted ray
Sinar biasan
i = 35o
sin i =
r = .
sin r =
Incident ray
Sinar tuju
(a)
For the experiment described above, identify:

Bagi eksperimen yang diterangkan di atas, kenal pasti:
(i)
The manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan
(ii)
.........................................................................................................[1 mark] / [1 markah]

The responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerak balas

.........................................................................................................[1 mark] / [1 markah]
(iii) The constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
.........................................................................................................[1 mark] / [1 markah]
(b)
For this part of the question, write your answers in the spaces provided in the
corresponding diagrams.
Untuk bahagian soalan ini, tulis jawapan anda dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam
rajah-rajah yang sepadan.
Based on Diagrams 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6:

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6:
(i)
Record the readings, r, of the protractor.

Catat bacaan, r, protraktor itu.
(ii)
For each value of i, calculate and record the value of sin i.

Bagi setiap nilai i, hitung dan catat nilai sin i.
[1mark] / [1markah]
(iii) Calculate sin r for each value of r in 1(b)(i).

Record the value of sin r.
Hitung sin r untuk setiap nilai r di 1(b)(i).
Catat nilai sin r.
(c)
[1mark] / [1 markah]
Tabulate your results for all values of i, r, sin i and sin r in the space below.
Jadualkan keputusan anda bagi semua nilai i, r, sin i dan sin r dalam ruang di
bawah.
(d)
On the graph paper provided, plot a graph of sin r against sin i.

Pada kertas graf yang disediakan, lukis graf sinr melawan sini.
[5marks] / [5 markah]
(e)
Based on your graph in 1(d), state the relationship between sin rand sin i.
Berdasarkan graf anda di 1(d), nyatakan hubungan antara sinr dan sini.
...........................................................................................................[1 mark] / [1 markah]
10 | M o d u l F i z i k K e r t a s 3 P P D K o t a S e t a r
Graph of sin r against sin i

Graf sin rmelawan sin i
Question 1.3
F5 : Chapter 2
A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the current, I, in
a resistance wire and the length, L, of the wire.
Diagram 1.1 shows the circuit used in the experiment.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara arus, I,
dalam seutas dawai rintangan dengan panjang, L, bagi dawai itu.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan litar yang digunakan dalam eksperimen itu.
Sliding contact / Sesentuh

gelongsor
Resistance wire / Dawai
rintangan
L
Diagram 1.2 shows that the ammeter that was used to measure the current has zero error.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan bahawa ammeter yang digunakan untuk mengukur arus
mempunyai ralat sifar.
X
The position of the sliding contact is adjusted until the length of the wire, L = 0.20 m.
Diagram 1.3 shows the reading of the ammeter, i.
Kedudukan bagi sesentuh gelongsor dilaraskan sehingga panjang dawai, L = 0.20 m.
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan bacaan ammeter, i.
Length
Panjang, L = 0.20 m
1
5.00m1
L
Ammeter reading
Bacaan ammeter, i= . A

The procedure is repeated for lengths of the wire, L = 0.30 m, 0.40 m, 0.50 m and 0.60 m.
The corresponding readings of the ammeter are shown in Diagrams 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7.
Prosedur itu diulang bagi panjang dawai, L = 0.30 m, 0.40 m, 0.50 m dan 0.60 m.
Bacaan-bacaan sepadan bagi ammeter ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.4, 1.5, 1.6dan 1.7.
Length
Panjang, L = 0.30 m
1
. m1
L
Ammeter reading
Bacaan ammeter, i = . A
Gel
om
ban
g
air
Length
Panjang, L = 0.40 m
1
. m1
L
Ammeter reading

Length
Panjang, L = 0.50 m
1
. m1
L
Ammeter reading
Length
Panjang, L = 0.60 m
1
. m1
L
Ammeter reading
(a)
For the experiment described on page 2, identify:

Bagi eksperimen yang diterangkan di halaman 2, kenal pasti:
(i)
the manipulated variable / pembolehubah dimanipulasikan,
...
(ii) the responding variable / pembolehubah bergerak balas,
[1 mark]
...
(iii) a fixed variable / satu pembolehubah dimalarkan.
[1 mark]
...
[1 mark]
(b)
(i)
Based on Diagram 1.2, record the zero error, X, of the ammeter.

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, rekod ralat sifar, X, bagi ammeter itu.
X = .. A
(ii)
Based on Diagrams 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7 on pages 2 and 3:
1
Calculate the value , for each value of L.
L
Record the readings of the ammeter, i .
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 dan 1.7 di halaman 2dan 3:
1
Hitung nilai , bagi setiap nilaiL.
L
Catat bacaan ammeter, i .
(iii) The current in the resistance wire is given by the formula, I = i X.

1
Tabulate your results for all values of L, , i, andI in the space below.
L
Arus dalam dawai, I, diberikan oleh rumus, I = i X.
1
Jadualkan keputusan anda bagi semua nilai L, , i,danI dalam ruang bawah.
L
[7marks]
(c)
On the graph paper, plot a graph of I against

Pada kertas graf, lukiskan graf Imelawan
(d)
1
.
L
1
.
L
1
.
L
1
Berdasarkan graf anda, nyatakan hubungan antara I dan .
L
Based on your graph, state the relationship between I and
.. [1 mark]
Graph of I against
Graf Imelawan
1
.
L
1
.
L
SOALAN 2
Question 2.1
F4 : Chapter 2
A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the height, h, of the raised end of
an inclined plane and the acceleration, a, of a trolley as it moves freely down the inclined plane.
This experiment is carried out using a ticker-timer and ticker-tape.
The results of this experiment are shown in the graph of a against h in Diagram below.
Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara tinggi, h, bagi hujung yang
ditinggikan pada sebuah landasan condong dengan pecutan, a, sebuah troli yang menuruni secara bebas
landasan itu. Eksperimen ini dijalankan menggunakan jangka masa detik dan pita detik.
Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan oleh graf a melawan h pada Rajah di bawah.
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram below:
Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah di bawah:
(i) State the relationship between a and h.
Nyatakan hubungan antara a dan h.
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Determine the value of a when h = 0.30 m.
Show on the graph how you determine the value of a.
Tentukan nilai a apabila h = 0.30 m.
Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan nilai a.
a = ______________________________ m s-2
[3 mark]
[3 markah]
Graph of a against h
Graf a melawan h
(iii Calculate the gradient, m, of the graph. Use

) Show on the graph how you determine m.
Hitung kecerunan, m, bagi graf itu.
Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan m.
m = _____________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b)
The gradient, m, of the graph is given by the formula m =
, where g is the gravitational
acceleration and l is the length of the inclined plane.

In the experiment, l = 2.0 m. Calculate the value of g.
Kecerunan, m, bagi graf itu diberi oleh formula m =
, di mana g ialah pecutan graviti dan l
ialah panjang landasan condong.

Dalam eksperimen, l = 2.0 m. Hitung nilai g.
g = _________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c) The student repeats the experiment using another inclined plane of length, l = 1.5 m.
The raised end of the inclined plane is fixed at height, h = 0.10 m.
Using the formula a =
h and the value of g in (b), calculate the acceleration, a, of the trolley.
Murid itu mengulangi eksperimen itu menggunakan landasan condong yang lain yang panjangnya, l =
1.5 m.
Hujung landasan condong itu ditetapkan pada ketinggian, h = 0.10 m.
Menggunakan formula a =
h dan nilai g di (b), hitung pecutan, a, troli itu.
a = _________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the result of this experiment.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperbaik keputusan eksperimen ini.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
Question 3.2
F4: Chapter 5
A student carried out an experiment to investigate the relationship between object
distance, u, and image distance, v, for a convex lens. The student used various values of
u and recorded the corresponding values of v. The student then plotted the graph of uv
against u + v as shown in Diagram 2.
Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji hubungan antara jarak objek,
u dan jarak imej, v, bagi sebuah kanta cembung. Pelajar itu mengubah beberapa
kedudukan jarak objek, u dan merekodkan nilai jarak imej yang sepadan. Pelajar itu
memplotkan graf uv melawan u+v seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.
uv/ cm2
500
500
450
400
350
55
300
0
250
200
0
150
100
50
10
20
30
Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
40
50
u + v / cm
Based on the graph in Diagram 2,

Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 2,
(i)
State the relationship between uv and u + v

Nyatakan hubungan antara uv dan u + v
......................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii)
Determine the value of u + v when the value of uv = 400 cm2. Show on the
graph how you obtained the value of u + v.
Tentukan nilai u+v apabila nilai uv = 400 cm2. Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana
nilai u+v ditentukan.
[2 marks]
(iii)
From the value of u + v obtained in (ii), calculate the image distance, v when u=20 cm.
Dari nilai u+v yang diperoleh dalam (ii), kira jarak imej, v apabila u=20 cm.
[1 mark]
(iv) Calculate the gradient of the graph. Show clearly on the graph how you obtained the
values needed for the calculation.
Kira kecerunan graf. Tunjukkan dengan jelas bagaimana anda menentukan nilai untuk
pengiraan.
[3 marks]
b)
Given that the relationship between u, v and focal length, f of the convex lens used, is
represented by the equation:
Diberi hubungan antara u,v dan jarak fokus, f untuk kanta cembung yang digunakan,
diwakili oleh persamaan:
Derive an equation which gives the relationship between uv and (u + v ).

Terbitkan persamaan yang menghubungkaitkan antara uv dan (u+v)
[2 marks]
Question 3.3
F5 : Chapter 1
.A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the separation, a, of two coherent
sources and the distance, x, between two consecutive antinodes of the interference pattern of water waves in
a ripple tank.
The results of this experiment are shown in the graph of a against
in Diagram below.
Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hubungan antara pemisahan, a, bagi dua
sumber koheren dengan jarak, x, antara dua antinod berturutan pada corak interferens gelombang air
dalam satu tangki riak.
Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan oleh graf a melawan
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram below:
Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah di bawah:
(i)
State the relationship between a and
.
Nyatakan hubungan antara a dengan
pada Rajah di bawah.
__________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Determine the value of x when a = 12 cm.
Show on the graph, how you determine the value of x.
Tentukan nilai x apabila a = 12 cm.
Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan nilai x.
x = ______________________________ cm
[3 mark]
[3 markah]
(iii)Calculate the gradient, m, of the graph.
Show on the graph how you calculate m.
Hitung kecerunan, m, bagi graf itu.
Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menghitung m.
m = ______________________________ cm2
[3 mark]
[3 markah]
(b)
The wavelength, , of the water waves is given by the formula

, where m is the
gradient of the graph and l is the distance from the wave sources to the plane where x is
measured. In this experiment, l = 20.0 cm.
Calculate the value of .

Panjang gelombang, , bagi gelombang air itu diberi oleh formula
, dengan keadaan
m ialah kecerunan graf dan l ialah jarak dari sumber gelombang ke satah di mana x diukur.
Dalam eksperimen ini, l = 20.0 cm.
Hitung nilai .
= _________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Graph of a against
Graf a melawan
(c) The relationship between the velocity, v, of the water waves and their wavelength, , is v = f, where f is
the frequency. In this experiment, f = 12 Hz.
Using the answer in (b), calculate the velocity of the water waves.
Hubungan antara halaju, v, bagi gelombang air itu dengan panjang gelombang, , ialah v = f, dengan
keadaan f ialah frekuensi. Dalam eksperimen ini, f = 12 Hz.
Menggunakan jawapan di (b), hitung halaju gelombang air itu.
v = _________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d)State one precaution that should be taken to improve the accuracy of the result of this experiment.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperbaik ketepatan bacaan dalam
eksperimen ini.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
Question 3.4
F5 : Chapter 2
A student carries out an experiment to determine the internal resistance, r, and electromotive
force (e.m.f), E, of a dry cell. The results of this experiment is shown in the graph of potential
difference, V, against current, I, in Diagram 2.1.
Seorang murid menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk menentukan rintangan dalam, r,dan daya
gerak elektrik (d.g.e), E, sebuah sel kering.Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan
oleh
graf V melawan I pada Rajah 2.1.
(a)
Based on the graph in Diagram 2.1,

Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 2.1,
(i)
What happens to V as Iincrease ?

Apakah yang berlaku pada V apabila I bertambah?
......
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)
Determine the value of V when I = 0.6 A.

Show on the graph, how you determine the value of V.
Tentukan nilai V apabila I = 0.6A.
Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan nilai V.
V = V
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
V/volt
Graph of V against I
Graf V melawan I
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1
1.2
1.4
I/A
(b)
Calculate the gradient , m, of the graph. Show on the graph how you determine
m.
Hitung kecerunan, m, bagi graf itu. Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda
menentukan m.
m= ..
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(c)
The internal resistance, r, of the dry cell is given by the formula r = - m,

where m is the gradient of the graph.
Rintangan dalam sel kering, r, diberi oleh formula r = - m,
di mana m ialah kecerunan graf
Calculate the internal resistance, r, of the dry cell
Hitungkan rintangan dalam, r, bagi sel kering itu
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d)
Electromotive force (e.m.f), of dry cell is the value of intercept on the V axis of
the graph V against I
Based on the graph in diagram 2.1 , determine the electromotive force of the
drycell
Daya gerak elektrik (d.g.e), sel kering adalah nilai pintasan pada paksi V bagi
graf V melawan I.
Berdasarkan graf dalam Rajah 2.1 , tentukan daya gerak elektrik sel kering itu
[ 3 marks]
[ 3markah ]
(e)
State one precaution that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the
reading in this experiment.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga-jaga yang boleh diambil untuk memperbaiki
ketepatan bacaan dalam eksperimen ini.
[1 marks]
[1 markah]
SOALAN 3
Question 3.1
F4: Chapter 3
Rajah menunjukkan seorang pekerja menggunakan sebatang kayu yang panjang dan seragam
diameternya untuk menentukan kedalaman lubang yang dipenuhi air.
Apabila kayu tersebut ditolak ke dalam air sedikit seperti dalam Rajah 3.1, daya kecil
diperlukan, apabila ia menolak kayu lebih banyak seperti dalam Rajah 3.2, daya yang lebih besar
diperlukan.
Diagram shows a worker using a piece of straight long and uniform wood to determine the
depth of a hole filled with water. When the wood is pushed a bit into water as in Diagram 3. 1,
a small force is needed, when the wood is pushed further down as in Diagram 3. 2, a larger
force is needed.
Rajah 3.1
Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.2
Diagram 3.2
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas;

Based on the information and observation above:
(a)Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.
State one suitable inference.
[1 markah ] /[1 mark ]
(b)Nyatakan satu hipothesis yang sesuai.
State one suitable hypothesis.
[1 mark ][1 markah]
(c) With the use of apparatus such as a metal block, iron rod, spring balance, beaker and other
apparatus, describe an experiment to investigate the hypothesis as stated in (b)

Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bongkah logam/rod logam, neraca spring,bikar dan
lain-lain , terangkan satu rangka kerja eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang anda
nyatakan dalam 3(b)
In your description, state clearly the following:
Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:
(i)
Aim of the experiment.

Tujuan eksperimen.
(ii)
Variables in the experiment.

Pembolehubah dalam eksperimen.
(iii)
List of apparatus and materials

Senarai radas dan bahan.
(iv)
Arrangement of the apparatus.

Susunan radas.
(v)
The procedure used in the experiment which should include one method of controlling
the manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.
Prosedur eksperimen yang mesti termasuk satu kaedah mengawal pembolehubah
Dimanipulasikan dan satu kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerakbalas.
(vi)
The way you would tabulate the data.

Cara untuk menjadualkan data.
(vii)
The way you would analyse the data.

Cara untuk menganalisis data.
[ 10 marks]
[ 10 markah ]
Question 3.2
F4 : Chapter 4
3.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua periuk, X dan Y, dengan periuk X mengandungi lebih banyak
air daripada periuk Y. Kedua-dua periuk dipanaskan. Selepas beberapa minit diperhatikan
air dalam periuk Y lebih panas daripada air dalam periuk X.
Diagram 3 shows two pots, X and Y, with X containing more water than Y. Both the pots
are heated. After a few minutes it was observed that the water in potY is hotter than the
water in potX.
Rajah 3
Diagram 3
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian tersebut:
Based on the information and observation:
(a)
Nyatakan satu inferens yang sesuai.

[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(b)
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai. [1 markah]

[1 mark]
(c)
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti bikar, termometer, pemanas rendam dan radas lain,
terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 3(b).
With the use of apparatus such as beaker, thermometer, immersion heater and other
apparatus, describe oneexperiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 3(b).
Dalam penerangan anda , nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i)
Tujuan eksperimen.
The aim of the experiment.
(ii)

The variables in the experiment.
(iii) Senarai radas dan bahan.

The list of apparatus and materials.
(iv) Susunan radas.

The arrangement of the apparatus.
(v)

dimanipulasi dan satu kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas.
The procedure of the experiment which should include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.
(vi) Cara anda menjadualkan data.

The way you tabulate the data.
(vii) Cara anda menganalisis data.

The way you analyse the data.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
Question 3.3
F4: Chapter 5
Rajah 4.1 dan 4.2 menunjukkan dua cara bagi seorang peminat fotografi mengambil
gambar suatu objek. Didapati saiz imej pada gambar foto dalam setiap kes itu adalah
berbeza.
Diagrams 4.1 and 4.2 show two ways of taking photographs of the same subject. It is found
that the size of the image on one photograph is different from that on the other photograph.
Rajah 4.1/ Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.2/ Diagram 4.2
Objek lebih dekat kepada kamera

Object is nearer to camera
Objek lebih jauh daripada kamera

Object is further away from the camera
Berdasarkan maklumat dan pemerhatian tersebut:

Based on the information and observation:
(a)

[1 markah]
[1 mark]
(b)
Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai. [1 markah]

[1 mark]
(c)
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti mentol filamen, kanta cembung dan radas lain,
terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 4(b).
With the use of apparatus such as a filament bulb, a convex lens and other apparatus,
describe oneexperiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in 4(b).
Dalam penerangan anda , nyatakan dengan jelas perkara berikut:
(i)
Tujuan eksperimen.
The aim of the experiment.
(ii)

The variables in the experiment.
(iii) Senarai radas dan bahan.

The list of apparatus and materials.
(iv) Susunan radas.
The arrangement of the apparatus.
(v)

dimanipulasi dan satu kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerak balas.
The procedure of the experiment which should include one method of controlling the
manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.
(vi) Cara anda menjadualkan data.

The way you tabulate the data.
(vii) Cara anda menganalisis data.

The way you analyse the data.
[10 markah]
[10 marks]
SOALAN 4
Question 4.1
F5: Chapter 2
Figure 4.1 and Figure 4.2 shows a light bulb connected to a power supply with a length of
wire of the same diameter.It was founds that the bulb in Figure 4.2 become dim when
placed in the sun.
Rajah 4.1 dan rajah 4.2 menunjukkan sebiji mentol yang disambungkan ke bekalan kuasa
dengan panjang dan diameter wayar yang sama.Didapati nyalaan mentol pada Rajah 4.2
menjadi malap apabila di letakkan di bawah sinaran matahari.
Based on the above information and observation:

Berdasarkan pernyataan dan pemerhatian di atas:
(a) State one suitable inference.
(b)

Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang sesuai.
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 markah ]
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 markah ]
(c)
With the use of apparatus such as thermometer, ammeter, constantan wire,

connecting wire and other apparatus,describe an experiment to investigate
the hypothesis stated in 4(b).
Dengan menggunakan radas seperti termometer, ammeter, dawai konstantan,
Wayar penyambung dabn radas lain, terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat
Hipotesis yang dinyatakan di 4(b).
Dalam penerangan anda, jelaskan perkara berikut:
(i)

Tujuan eksperimen.
(ii)

(iii)
List of apparatus and materials

(iv)
Arrangement of the apparatus.

Susunan radas.
(v)
The procedure used in the experiment which should include one method of controlling
the manipulated variable and one method of measuring the responding variable.
Dimanipulasikan dan satu kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerakbalas.
(vi)
The way you would tabulate the data.

Cara untuk menjadualkan data.
(vii)
The way you would analyse the data.

Cara untuk menganalisis data.
[ 10 marks]
[ 10 markah ]
Question 4.2
F5: Chapter 1
Water is dripped at a constant rate into two different containers as shown in
Diagram
4.
The cross-section of the water waves formed from the droplets in the
containers are shown
in diagrams below.
Air dititiskan pada kadar yang seragam kedalam dua berkas yang berbeza seperti
yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 4. Keratan rentas gelombang air yang terbentuk dari titisan air di
dalam bekas tersebut ditunjukkan dalam rajah.
Water waves
Container
Bekas
Diagram 4
Rajah 4
Berdasarkan kepada maklumat dan pemerhatian di atas:
(a)

[ 1 mark ]
(b)

[ 1 mark ]
(c)
With the use of apparatus such as a ripple tank , a vibrator motor and
other apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the
hypothesis stated in 4 (b).
Dengan mengunakan alatradas seperti sebuah tangki riak, sebuah

motor pengetar dan lain-lain radas, terangkan satu rangka
eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang anda nyatakan di 4(b)
In your description, state clearly the following;
Dalam penerangan anda sila nyatakan dengan jelas perkara-perkara
berikut;
(i)

Tujuan eksperimen.
(ii)

(iii) List of apparatus and materials.

(iv) Arrangement of the apparatus.
Susunan radas.
(v)
The procedures of the experiment include the method of

the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the
responding variable.
Prosedur eksperimen termasuk kaedah mengawal pemboleh
ubah dimanipulasikan dan kaedah mengukur pembolehubah
bergerakbalas.
(vi) The way you would tabulate the data.

Cara anda akan menjadualkan data.
(vii) The way you would analyse the data.
Cara anda akan menganalisis data.
[ 10 marks ]
Question 4.3
F5 : Chapter 3
Diagram 4.1 shows an electromagnetics lifting machine used to lift scrap metal. Diagram 4.2
shows the observation of the machine when the current flows through the machine is increased.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan mesin electromagnet digunakan untuk mengangkat besi buruk. Rajah
4.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian pada mesin tersebut apabila arus yang mengalir melalui mesin
tersebut bertambah.
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1
Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2

(a)

[ 1 mark ]
(b)

[ 1 mark ]
(c)
With the use of apparatus such as copper wire,soft iron core and other apparatus, describe
an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 4 (b).
Dengan mengunakan alatradas seperti dawai kuprum,teras besi lembut dan lain-lain
radas, terangkan satu rangka eksperimen untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang anda nyatakan
di 4(b).
Dalam penerangan anda sila nyatakan dengan jelas perkara-perkara berikut;
(i)

Tujuan eksperimen.
(ii)


Susunan radas.
(v)
The procedures of the experiment include the method ofcontrolling the

manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.
Prosedur
eksperimen
termasuk
kaedah
mengawal
pembolehubah
dimanipulasikan dan kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerakbalas.

[ 10 marks ]
Question 4.4
F5 : Chapter 2
The bulb in Diagram 4.1 lights brighter than the bulb in Diagram 4.2
Mentol dalam rajah 4.1 menyala lebih cerah daripada mentol di dalam rajah 4.2

(a)

[ 1 mark ]
(b)

[ 1 mark ]
(c)
With the use of apparatus such as ammeter, voltmeter, constantan wire and other
apparatus, describe an experiment framework to investigate the hypothesis stated in 4 (b).
Dengan mengunakan alatradas seperti ammeter, voltmeter, dawai konstantan dan lainlain radas yang sesuai, terangkan satu rangka kerja untuk menyiasat hipotesis yang
dinyatakan di 4(b).

Dalam penerangan anda sila nyatakan dengan jelas perkara-perkara
berikut;
(i)

Tujuan eksperimen.
(ii)


Susunan radas.
(v)
The procedures of the experiment include the method ofcontrolling the

manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable.
Prosedur
eksperimen
termasuk
kaedah
mengawal
pembolehubah
dimanipulasikan dan kaedah mengukur pembolehubah bergerakbalas.

[ 10 marks ]
Skema Jawapan Kertas 3

ANSWER SCHEME
MODUL FIZIK
QUESTION 1
Soalan
1.1(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(c)
(d)
Cadangan Jawapan
Compression // x
Height, y// Height, h
Mass of the ball // Spring constant
y: 1.7, 3.8, 6.5, 10.0, 14.1
h : 3.2, 5.8, 8.7, 13.0, 17.6
1.79, 2.41, 2.95, 3.61, 4.20
Markah
1
1
1
4 correct 1 mark 2
1
1
1
1
Table with 4 columns x, y, h, h

Consistent number of d.p. for y and h
x / cm
y / cm
h/ cm
h / cm
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1.7
3.8
6.5
10.0
14.1
3.2
5.8
8.7
13.0
17.6
1.79
2.41
2.95
3.61
4.20
h at the y-axis, xat the x-axis

Correct unit for h and x
Suitable scale for both axes
5 points plotted correctly
Best straight line
Size of graph
1
2
[4 points correct: ]
5
7 : 5 marks
5-6 : 4 marks
3-4 : 3 marks
2 : 2 marks
1 : 1 mark
(e)
(f)
h is directly proportional to x
The eye must be perpendicular to the scale to reduce parallax error
1
1
16
Soalan
1.2(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
(c)
Cadangan Jawapan
Angle of incidence // i
Angle of refraction // r
Indeks biasan blok kaca
r : 24o, 32o, 41o, 51o, 63o
(ii) sin i : 0.259, 0.342, 0.423, 0.500, 0.574

(iii) sin r : 0.407, 0.530, 0.656, 0.777, 0.891
Table with 4 columns i, r, sin i, sin r
Consistent number of d.p. for sin i and sin r
i
15o
20o
25o
30o
35o
(d)
r
24o
32o
41o
51o
63o
sin i
0.259
0.342
0.423
0.500
0.574
sin r at the y-axis, sin i at the x-axis

No units for both axes
Best straight line
Size of graph
Markah
1
1
1
5 correct 2 marks 2
4 correct 1 mark
1
1
1
1
sin r
0.407
0.530
0.656
0.777
0.891
5
7 : 5 marks
5-6 : 4 marks
3-4 : 3 marks
2 : 2 marks
1 : 1 mark
(e)
(f)
sin r is directly proportional to sin i

The eye must be perpendicular to the scale to reduce parallax error
1
1
16
Soalan
1.3(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Cadangan Jawapan
Length // L
Current // I
Diameter of wire
X = 0.2
1
: 5.00, 3.33, 2.50, 2.00, 1.67
L
i : 2.0, 1.4, 1.1, 0.9, 0.8
1
(iii)
Table with 4 columns L, , i, I
L
All values of I correct
1
Consistent number of d.p. for i and
L
(c)
L / cm
1
-1
/ cm
L
i /A
I/A
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
5.00
3.33
2.50
2.00
1.67
2.0
1.4
1.1
0.9
0.8
1.8
1.2
0.9
0.7
0.6
1
at the x-axis
L
1
Correct unit for I and
L
Best straight line
Size of graph
I at the y-axis,
Markah
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
5
7 : 5 marks
5-6 : 4 marks
3-4 : 3 marks
2 : 2 marks
1 : 1 mark
(d)
I is directly proportional to
1
L
1
16
QUESTION 2
2.1.(a) (i) a is directly proportional to h.
a berkadar secara langsung dengan h.
(ii) When/Apabila h = 0.3 m, a = 1.49 m s2.
(iii) Gradient/kecerunan, m
1.0 0.5
= 5.0 s-2
0.20 0.10
b)
g
l
g
5 = g = 10 m s-2
2
m=
(c)
= 0.67 m s2
d) Make sure the tape runs freely through the ticker timer.
Pastikan pita melalui jangka masa detik secara bebas.
Repeat the experiment and take the average readings.
Ulangi eksperimen dan ambil bacaan purata.
Avoid parallax error by placing the eye perpendicular to the scale of readings.
Elakkan ralat paralaks dengan memastikan kedudukan mata berserenjang
dengan skala bacaan.
2.2 (a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
uv is directly proportional to (u+v)

Straight line from uv = 400 at y-axis and straight line to x-axis
(u+v) = 40cm
When u = 20cm, v = 20cm
Draw a sufficient large triangle 5 x 4 (10cm x 8cm)
Correct substitution (based on candidates triangle)
State the value / answer with unit : 10 cm
1/f = 1/u + 1/v
(b)
u + v / uv = 1/f
uv = f (u+v)
(c)
(d)
2.3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
From uv = f(u + v) and y = mx + c

f = gradient, m
= 10cm
Carry out the experiment in a dark room to observe a clearer image // (any relevant
answers)
(a) (i)
(ii) When/Apabila a = 12 cm,
1
1
(iii)
Gradient/Kecerunan,
m=
= 24 cm2
(b)
=
= 1.2 cm
(c) v = f
= 1.2 12
= 14.4 cm s1
(d) The eye should be vertically above the scale of the metre rule when the reading of
x is being taken to avoid parallax error.
Mata harus berada tegak di atas skala pembaris meter apabila mengambil
bacaan x untuk
mengelakkan ralat paralaks.
2.4.(a) V increase
Draw a straight line from I = 0.6 A
V = 0.78
(b)
Draw a sufficient large triangle (7 cm vertical)
1
1
1
1
* Correct substitution(follow candidates triangle)

- 0.33
1.44
(c)
(d)
(e)
1
1
* State the value /answer

-0.2292 V/A(with unit)
Correct substitution
r = - ( - 0.2292)
corecct answer (with unit)
0.2292
Extrapolated the line

Answer with unit
1.3 V
- eye position must be perpendicular to scale/repeat the experiment and find the
average .
The all connection of the circuit must be tied
1
1
1
1
QUESTION 3
Section
3 .1(a) State a suitable inference
Answer
Mark
1
The volume of water displaced affects thebuoyant force.

(b) State relevant hypothesis (with direction)
The greater the water displaced the greater thebuoyant force.

(c) Describe a complete and suitable experimental framework
State the aim of the experiment
To investigate the relationship between the volume of water displaced and
the buoyant force.
1
1
State the manipulated variable and the responding variable
mv - the volume of water displaced

rv
- buoyant force
State the constant variable
cv the density of water

List out the important apparatus and materials
Ureka can, triple beam balance, 100 ml beaker water, iron rod
State the method of controlling the manipulated variable
- immerse the iron rod into water and measure the immerse distance
eg. 1.0 cm
State the method of measuring the responding variable
Measure the mass of the water collected from ureka can and find the weight.
Where
weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity.

Repeat the experiment at least 4 times with different values
Repeat the different immerse distance.

Tabulate the data
Volume, V/ cm3
1
Weight, w or buoyant force, F/
N
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
State how data will be analysed (sketch graph/statement)
Plot graph immerse distance against buoyant force.

12
Total
3 .2(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
State a suitable inference.

the rise in temperature// temperature depends on mass// volume
State a relevent hypotesis.
The greater the mass // volume,
the smaller the rise in temperature // temperature
Describe a complete and suitable experimental framework
State the aim of experiment
To investigate the relationship between the mass and rise in
temperature of water
Manipulated variable : Mass
Responding variable : rise in temperature
Constant variable : Heat supplied // Time of heating
Beaker, water, thermometer, immersion heater, stopwatch, lever
balance
Draw or describe a functionable arrangement of the apparatus
1. Water with mass of 100 g is filled in a beaker.
2. Switch on the heater for 5 minutes and record the temperature
rise.
State how the procedure is repeated to obtain at least 5 sets of
results
3. Repeat the experiment with 150 g, 200 g, 250 g, 300 g and 350
g of water.
Tabulate the data
Mass of water / g
Temperature rise / oC
100
150
200
250
300
350
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
State how data will be analysed

The graph of temperature rise against mass is drawn.
Note : Mark accordingly if the manipulated variable is
(ix)
1
3.3 (a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
State a suitable inference.

the size of the image depends on object distance
State a relevent hypotesis.
The greater the object distance, the smaller the size of the image
Describe a complete and suitable experimental framework
To investigate the relationship between the object distance and the
size of the image
Manipulated variable : object distance, u
Responding variable : saiz of image, H
Constant variable : focal length of lens, f
Convex lens with holder, light bulb with power supply, screen,
metre rule
Draw or describe a functionable arrangement of the apparatus

1. The convex lens is placed at distance of, u = 15 cm from the
object
2. The bulb is turned on. The screen is adjusted until a sharp
image is formed on it. The size of the image, H is measured by
metre rule.
State how the procedure is repeated to obtain at least 5 sets of
results
3. The procedure is repeated with values of u = 20 cm, 25 cm, 30
cm, 35 cm and 40 cm.
Tabulate the data
u / cm
H / cm
1
1
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
15
20
25
30
35
40

4. A graph of H against u is drawn
(ix)
1
QUESTION 4
4.1
Question
4.2 (a)
(b)
mark
1
1
(c )
Marking Scheme
State a suitable inference
The wave length is influence by the depth of water
States a relevant hypothesis
The wave length increases when the depth of water increase.
Describe a relevant and workable experimental framework
To study the relationship between the depth of water and the wave length.
Manipulated variable : The depth of water
Responding variable
: The wave length.
State ONE variable that kept constant
Fixed variable
: The frequency of waves.
.
Complete list of apparatus and materials
Ripple tank, stroboscope, metre rule, Perspex plate and vibrator motor
Note:
A complete apparatus and materials means, with the
apparatus and materials a set of data ( manipulated and
responding variables) can be obtained from the experiment
State the workable arrangement of the apparatus

1.
The apparatus is set up as shown in figure.
2.
Arrange a ripple tank, and placed a piece of perspexwith h = 1.0 cm placed in
the centre of the tank.

The waves are freeze by a mechanical stroboscope and the wave length is measured by
using metre rule and recorded.
Repeat the experiment at least 2 times

The experiment is repeated with h = 2.0 cm, 3.0 cm, 4.0 cm, 5.0 cm
Tabulating of data
1
Depth
The wave length

wave length
No of Perspex
TOTAL
12
MARKS
No
Mark
Marking Scheme
(a)
The amount of lifted scrap metal depends on the current
(b)
The higher the current, the stronger the electromagnetism.
(c) i
To investigate the relationship between the current and the electromagnetism.
Manipulated variable : Current

Responding variable : Electromagnetism
Constant variable : Number of turns
Copper wire, soft iron, ammater, rheostat, batteries, pins/paper clips
4.3
ii
iii
State a functionable arrangement of the apparatus

iv
1
1
1
Procedure;
1. Adjust the rheostat to supply a current, I1 / 0.1A
2. Count the number of pins/paper clips attract by the electromagnet
3. Adjust the rheostat for 4 different current 0.2A, 0.3A, 0.4A and 0.5A.(Repeat at
least 4 times)
Tabulate the data;

vi
Current(A)
Number of pins/paper clips
Plot graph of number of pins against current // graph

vii
Number of pins
1
current
TOTAL
12
Question
4.4 (a)
mark
1
(b)
(c )
Marking Scheme
State a suitable inference
The brighter the bulb depends on the length of wire.
States a relevant hypothesis
When the length of wire increase, the resistance increase.
Describe a relevant and workable experimental framework
To study the relationship between the length of wire and resistance.
Manipulated variable : length of wire
Responding variable
: Resistance
State ONE variable that kept constant
Fixed variable
: diameter, temperature, type of wire
.
Complete list of apparatus and materials
Ammeter, voltmeter, constantan wire, ruler, power supply, connecting wire.
Note:
A complete apparatus and materials means, with the
apparatus and materials a set of data ( manipulated and
responding variables) can be obtained from the experiment
State the workable arrangement of the apparatus
V
1

1. The apparatus is set up as shown in figure.
2. Measure and connect a constantan wire with the length l of 20 cm on a meter ruler.

1
3. Observe and record the reading of voltmeter and ammeter in the table.
Calculate the resistance with using the formula R : V / I
Repeat the experiment at least 4 times
1
Procedure 2 and 3 is repeated with l = 40.0 cm, 60.0 cm, 80.0 cm and 100.0 cm
Tabulating of data
Current / A
Voltage / V

1
Resistance / Ohm
Length / cm
TOTAL
12
MARKS
Resistance / Ohm

Modul Fizik SPM Kertas 2 &amp; 3

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Modul Fizik SPM Kertas 2 &amp; 3

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

PROGRAM NEAR MISS CEMERLANG / HALUS 2015

MODUL FIZIK SPM

Calon cemerlang boleh menjawab kesemua soalan manakala calon halus

Bab 1: Pengenalan Kepada Fizik

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

(ii) Nyatakan kuantiti terbitan dan unitnya.

(b) Tukarkan 75 km j-1 kepada unit SI

Bab 1: Pengenalan Kepada Fizik

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

2. Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah ammeter.

(a) Nyatakan nama dan fungsi komponen berikut:

(b) Nyatakan sisihan terkecil ammeter.

(c) Nyatakan bacaan ammeter pada Rajah di atas.

(d) Nyatakan langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil semasa menggunakan

Bab 1: Pengenalan Kepada Fizik

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

3. Rajah 3 di bawah menunjukkan sebuah termometer.

(b) Nyatakan kepekaan termometer

(c) Apakah bacaan termometer?

(d) Mengapakah dinding bebuli kaca termometer adalah nipis?

(e)Apakah yang anda harus lakukan untuk meningkatkan kepekaan

(f) Mengapakah merkuri digunakan dalam termometer?

Bab 1: Pengenalan Kepada Fizik

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

(b) Determine the thickness of a sheet of the paper in mm

(c) Give the name and the function of M.

Bab 1: Pengenalan Kepada Fizik

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

Bab 1: Pengenalan Kepada Fizik

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

(iii) Berapakah nilai ralat yang terhasil dalam rajah 5.1

Nyatakan satu sebab bagi jawapan anda di (c)(i).

Bab 1: Pengenalan Kepada Fizik

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

(b) laju/ speed, m s-1

(ii) skru pelaras sifar / skru

(d) Apabila membaca skala ammeter, kedudukan mesti tegak

(d) supaya haba dapat dikesan dengan

(e) Menggunakan bebuli kaca yang berdinding nipis/

(f) konduktor haba yang baik/Mudah dilihat/Mengembang (atau

Bab 1: Pengenalan Kepada Fizik

Chapter 1: Introduction to Physics

4 (a) Skala vernier

(d) mata hendaklah berserenjang dengan skala bacaan

(ii) ralat sifar

(d) kerana sisihannya paling kecil

Bab 2: Daya Dan Gerakan

Chapter 2: Force and Motion

(ii) What is the SI unit of the spring constant, k?

Bab 2: Daya Dan Gerakan

Chapter 2: Force and Motion

(a) Draw and label the forces acting on the balloon.

Bab 2: Daya Dan Gerakan

Chapter 2: Force and Motion

(b) State the relationship between the forces mentioned in (a)i.

(d)What should be done to lower the hot air balloon?

(a ) On the graph paper below, draw a graph of s against t.

Bab 2: Daya Dan Gerakan

Chapter 2: Force and Motion

Bab 2: Daya Dan Gerakan

Chapter 2: Force and Motion

Diagram4.1 / Rajah 4.1

Bab 2: Daya Dan Gerakan

Chapter 2: Force and Motion

Modul Fizik SPM Kertas 2 & 3

Modul Fizik SPM Kertas 2 & 3