YVYEHBIE Z3ANMHCKH WATH Tom XVII 1986 M4 YAK 629.735.33.015.3 : 533.695.7 METOJ, PACYETA ASPOXMHAMHYECKON HHTEPOEPEHUHH SJIEMEHTOB KPbIJIA KH QBUPATEJIBHOH YCTAHOBKH co CTPYAMH B. H. Ba6xun, JI. H. Tenepuna Paccmarpusaerca sagaua a3anMogelictaua KpEa Hw aBuratenbuol yera- HoBKu co crpysmu, TopepxHocr Kpsia, ABHraTeta H cIpyH MomemMpyloTes BUXPeBRIMH CiOKMH, KOTOPHE pH UMCAeHHOH peannsanun saMeHatorcs cucTe- Mok auckpetibix Buxpelt. [Ipymenen mpHMeps paciera aspoaMHammueckHx Harpysox To SaeMeHTaM JeTaTenbHOro almapata u cpaBlelMe wx c oxchepi- MOHTAABHEIMH RAHHBIMH. Osuolt u3 BaxkHEX saad aspoAMHaMUKH aBaReTCH sagaqa opeseneHHs aspoqHHan- NeCKHX Harpy30K Ha SueMeHTAX jeTATeTHOTO allapata, OGTEKAeMBIX HEOAHOPOAHEIM T1OTO- KOM, COCTOAMMM 13 OGzacTeH BHemMero TeyeHHa Hu cTpy% nBHratenet. Vis-sa caoxnocTH PACCMOTPeHIA PeaTbHOTO BASKOTO TeveHHA B TeOpeTHYeCKHX paOOTAX, NOCBAMLCHHAX LAHHOH npo6aeme [1, of netlonssyeren Monea UNeaasHon necmuMaeNOR mniKocrs, YeueMnoe mpu- MeHeHHe TeOpHH crpyforo aaKpLiaKa, Gasupyloulelicn Ha Tex xe MpeaMoOxKeHUAX, TOBO- PHT 0 BOSMOAHOCTH H MOsJesHOCTH PaccMOTpeHHA TaKOH MonesH. Tlaxke mpu Takol cHnbHOM HAcATHaAlIMH TeopeTHuecKHi aHaaHs HeroMosHepreTH¥ecKAX revenii cylecTBeHHO CAOxKKee 3afa4 OGTeKAHHA Tea OAHOPOHEIM OesrpaH4yHBIM NOTO- KOM, NOCKOJKY 3Zecb Tpe6yeTcA MONOARHTEADIO YAOBNETBOPHTD HEAHHEHHHIM YC1OBHAM Ha HewapectHol sapaee rpakuue —Mnopepxuoctu crpyv. BoxbuKe BOSMOXHOCTH Aa Hay- NeHHA KaK TTOCKHX, TAK H MPOCTpaucTBeHHWX TeveHHit co CIpyAMH OTKPHBaloT coppemen- Hible NHCJHHEIe METOLH, B OCHOBY KOTOPHX NOwOxeHO PasMelleiMe asporMApoAMHaMHVeEcKHx ocoGextocreH Ha rpanuitax crpynt [3]. Ipumewenve TaKHx meTonos juta aajlad aapoqumtamy- WeCKOit HHTepdepentsH HEcyUIAX STeMeHTOB CO CTPYAMH, KaK NOKASBIBAWT TepBHe peulenHs MMOCKHX 3alau O CTPYAX KoHewHOR TommuuE [4, 5], BeCbMa NepcneKTHBHO KaK c Teoperit- NeCKOl, TAK HC MPakTHYecKOH TOUeK apenHA. B paGore [6] npegctapnevo o60Gimenve meroga jHeKperHMix Buxpelt [3] aaa TpexMep- HBX 3214 06 HCTCYEHHM CTPYH WAeabHOM %HAKOCTH B 3aTOTAeHHOE MPOCTPaHCTBO H CHO- cami NoToK, 3fech Mako ero pasBuTHe Ra CTANMONApHHe npocrpancTBeHNBe sanaun Bsa Monelicaua Hecytlel MoBepxHocTH, HaGeraiwMlero MOTOKa UM CTpyx KOHEYHO! TO.MILWHD PaccmorpaM ycranopusmiceca OOTeKaHHe TONKOTO KpHita WeCKHMAeMUIM TOTOKOM c Baomenvofi cTpyeit (puc, 1). Cuntaem, 470 crpys HcTeKaer a cXeMaTHsHpOBanHOrO ABH TATed — TOHKOCTEHHOTO Te1a C MPOTOKOM saqaHHol opMu, B HexoTOpOM nomepedHOM ce- MeHHH KOTOPOrO CKauKOM MeHseTcH NonHoe H craTHueckoe waaenua, Ha rpawitite camoit cTpyH oTcyTcrayer mepentan craTHyecKHX jaBNeHHi, HO, NOCKOMBKY NOAHKe AaBAeHuA H0 o6e cTOpoubt TpaHHUL OTAMYAWOTCA, TAHTeHUMabHaA COCTABAROMAA CKOPOCTH MCHEITHBAeT 3NeCb CKAYOK. OGosHayiM cKOpocTs, cTaTHYecKOe H MOAHOe pabseHHA BO BHeILHeM NoTOKe V, Pp, Po, a BHYTpH ctpyu— V3, pj, po j. HeoOxogumo onpeaeauTh dopmy cTpyH, noms cKopoctelt RaBsennit, asponMHamMueckwe Harpy3kH, CUTAN U3BECTHRIMK CKOPOCTH Veo, MABJEHHE Peo HEBOSMYMICHHOTO BHEMHero TevenHA H Tepertan MoaMMIX naBnenMit Apo, HAM, ¥TO TO IKE 2Bpo, e caMoe, cKopoers B empye mpH eraTHHecKOM xasteHHt — Poor Vpeo = V v2 4 TInoTHocT TeveHHA CHHTaeM NOCTOAHHOM BO BCeM Nose. 64Puc. 1 Ha nosepxwoctn crpyH (:KHAKaa rpannua j), Ha KPbWie H CTeHKAX ABHTaTeln (TBep- jue rpanuust S), Ha nejene 3a KPHAOM (rpaHHa o, CM, pHe. 1) LOMKHBI BHNOTHATECA caleyioulue rpanHaHble ycaoBHs: — Ha TBepABIX 91eMeHTax — ycloBHe HenporeKanna (VY, a) ls= (Vp mls =0, am — a noBepxHocTH cTpyH H BHXpeBOM HexeHE 32 KPLIIOM, ABAMOWINXCH NOBepXHOCTA- Mil TOKa, — ycnOBHe TaHreHUMasbHOCTH Vil o= Vp MI = — ua xMAKEX rpannuax— wenpeplnHocTs craTHueckoro napnenHA (27 =P") |p 00 @ Tlunamuyeckoe yeaopue (3) a rpauuue pa3aeta noTOKOB ¢ pasqHYHHMy nOaHNMH AABACHHAMH MOXHO Hpeobpasonarb K cHenyroMeMy BUAY: eV, 17 = — Apo (8a) (2) rae V,—Mectuan ckopoctb Ha rpauauye, 1y—maoTHOCTS BUXpeBOrO cAoA. Kpome ycaonnit (1)—(3), B sazaye oMKHN ONT BEOANeMA JONOAHHTeNbIBE yC- sonia (Yanditiruna —)Kyxonckoro wa saqnell KPOMKe Kpbia H OGevaiiKe Durateaa, a ‘TaKKE YCNOBME KOHEIHOCTH CKOPOCTH Ha GOMBIHX PACcTOSHMAX OT Hecyulelt ‘CHCTeMb), KO- TOPHe BLINOAUMOTCA ABTOMATHYECKH MpH peuleHuM saqauH lO MeToay ocoGeHxocrelt [3]. Uncatensioe peuienie salaun ocyulecTBasetca MeToLOM aueKpeTubix BUXpelt. Tonepx- HOcTH KpBIIa, ABHraTens, CTPYH M NedeHi SAMCHRIOTCA BHXPeBLIMH ciOAMM, KOTOPHe Np SHTeHHOH peatHsALNH NpercraBAmoTeA cucTeMOH AUCKPeTHBIX DUXpelt (pyc. 2). Ha no- BePXHOCTH CTPYH cHCTeMa COCTOHT 11g TOMepeuHEIX BHXDell, HHTeHCHBHOCTS KOTOPHX ompe- AeuHeTCA Ha YeuoBUA (3a), H MPOAONDHBX (HX HHTeHCHBHOCTA ONpeAeIsMOTeH Ua _YCO- bux coxpaxensia wupKysnus). Kpbiio H cxeMaTHaMponaMunih ABuraTeD saMenenM BHXpe- Bolt peuletKoi, npH¥em B paccMaTpHBaeMol mpocTpalicTBeHHOw samaue c HHX CXORAT CBO- IbHBIC BHXPH, BXOAMUHE 3aTeM B CHCTeMy BHXpeh Ha nemeHe H rpaHHuax ‘OrmeriM, 470 Nona ckopocteli, BEISBaHHBIe BHXPAMH, OM|pedeamoTca 10 saKony BHo— Casapa a yaopaersopsiot ypapxenmo uenpepyBuocty. I'pauuunse ycnosua (1)—(3) BB- HOAKMOTCA B KOHTPOMBHBIX TO¥KAX, YHCTO KOTOPHIX COOTRETCTBYeT YHCIY NPHCOeMMHEHHEX nonepewwiix Axper. Ilan KaxKqoro u3 STHX YcJOBHit S3aNHcbIBaloTCA — coOTBETCTBYIOMUNE aureGpalueckue ypapienus, TloaysenHaa aaMKHyTad cHcTeMa Henunelimux ypaBHeHui oT- HOCHTeADHO HEH3BECTHBLX UMPKYTAUMH HM KOOPAMHAT KOHTPOMDHBIX TOVeK Ha TpauMue CTpyH pellaerch MeToqom nocaeqoBatenbHHX npHOrxKenuii. Ha nepgof utepaunn copMa crpy WH HHTeHCHBHOCTH BHXpeit Ha He sanaioTca. Torga cooTHoMmenHa (I) TIPHBORAT K cHcTeMe AMHeHHLIX ypaBHeHHi Jain UMpKYARUMi NPHCOeRHHeHHBIX BAXpeH Ha TRepALX rpaHHuax. 3a- reM no ycnopuam (2) u (3a) m HaiixeHHBM UMPKyAAUMAM OnpeneamOTcA HOAX copMa 2KHJKHX PpaHHll H HHTeHCHBHOCTH BUXpei Ha MoBepxHocTH cTpyH. Tocne sToro AenaloTcA 5—1048 65Nonepevnoe cevenue cmpya Hanpabrenue nomena Voo SiN & ~ swenegusienm {71 bcs dhuzamens Puc, 2 caeayiomme npu6swxenun, CxonuMocth nocrpoenHoro suuncaHTebHOrO Mportecca nocrH- raetea 3a 4—6 nrepaunit (cm. puc. 2). Merosuuecke HecTeOBAaHKA 110 cXOAUMOCTH MpemmoxeHHoro MeToAa K YAcTHUM TOT HIM PeleHHAM MPH YMeHDUICHHH pasMepoB pacseTHoi ceTKH, MpoBeAeHHEe WIA CBOOOAKEIX ocecuMMeTpuunix crpyit [6], H HccaeqoBaHMa yan TOcKHX 3afay UNTephepenuM cTpyH c npoduaest (4, 5] nosnoasior BHOpath palMonasbuble MapaMeTpH pacueTHBIX cxeM H B TPEX- MepHow sazaue untepdepenunu. Bauny cite basen aHaNHTHYECKHX pelllennit TpexMepHHX sajlat OOTeKaHMa KDELa NOTOKOM co crpyeli, OCKOBHBIM KPHTepHeM OMeHKH NPaBuAbHOcTH W MpHOMHOCTH MOCTpoeHHOrO YUCTeHHOrG MeTOxa cay:KNT cpabHene c sKcTepHMeHTaab- MBIMH. MaTepHataMH, OTMeTHM, UTO HO”yYaeMBe pacuerom dopMsI crpy# KavecrBeHHO coracyloTcA C H3- BECTHLIMH OMBITABIMHH ZaHHAIMH, TaK, Ha aspopotonaenky «tun 22>, Tipu auabparme 4 BuepxXKa olpenensnach [AH- TeTbHOCTIO CBEYeHHA TaMM H Oxia nopayKa 10-* c, B cocras dayopecumpyiomiet xxHAKOCTH, natomei rony6oe cBeweHHe, BxOANAM cate AYIOULHE KOMMOHEHTH: KacTOpoBoe Macao — 100 BecoBEX vacTek; tpucpeHHarMpasoanA — 0,25+0,3 pecosix vacrH. Kpome BbiuleyKasalioro cocTaBa, MOxKHo MpHMeHATh Hu ApyrHe, KOTOPHe OTIMUAIOTCH BAIKOCTHO H WBeTOM ayopecHeHUHH: 69ZL IZ ELITE IIE - ~ Pebovan-vecms—- — ian Chemaumutcr Pee rapodunamateenoe Sapa yemanodnu Mobens dpzemexno EH hemogursmp YOe-b | Ochemumens Chemopuasmp | Me-10 ae Tare | Pomonawepa mpeb-\ | nune_———— ACHLA a7 Puc. 1 a) OKHAKOCT, Aalollad KpacHoe cBeYeHHe: BaseMNOBOe Macsio—~ 100 BecOBEX Hac- kpacurers R6G —0,1 BecoBLX YacTH; ) KHAKOCTH, Malollan »eaTO-seteHOe cBeveHMe: raMtepuH GesBoAHB— 100 BecOBEX uacreli; Tpuna(aapHH — 0,1 Becosix yacTH. Merkin 43 ayopeciiupyiomelt 2xKHAKOCTH HaHOCHUHCh Ha MOBEPXHOCT MogesAM ¢ 110- MOUNHO MeLUMMNCKOL UNINC BHYTpeHHHM AHAMeTPOM 0,25 MMM HApy2KHEIM 0,5 MM. ‘Jlas wamoctpaunn BosMOxXHOCTelt MpAMeHeHHA PaccMaTpHBaeMorO MeTOAa K paspabo. rannoit amapatypa ia pic, 2—4npuwenent hotorpadun aspoaunamuyecxux cueKtpos, NOAy4eHHLe B TpalcsByKoBolt aspouMHaMHueckoh TpyGe. Mogesb mpeactasaana co6oit re- 40 Bpamemia coro opMsl: HocoRoM Kove — UHANHAPHYECKAA BCTABKA, YCeNeHHBHT Ko- Hye — xBocTOBOH uusHHAp. tel Puc. 2 70Mey 9,9; &= 4° Habempennsa cmopona Puce. 3 Puc. 4 7Ha pue. 2,4 mpusemen cnextp npenenbiwx aHMMit TOKA Ha MOBepxHocTH HMccTeAyeMoit Mogem np sucne M HaGeraiomero NoTOKA Mw=-0,6 H yrac arakH a=0, Xopowo BHNHO Hampabserve HUH TOKa. 3a HOCOBLM KOHYcoM NorpaHWinit cxoit orpeinaetca H, MpHcoe- AUHAACh B KONE WNUULAPHYeCKOH BCTABKH, OGpasyeT saMKHYTYIO OTpHHyIO OGaacTE. B mecte npucoezuienin noroKa dayopecuupyiouite TouKH pacTeKarores B mpoTHBomOTOx- xe cTOpoHN, O6pasyx xapaktepHylo aMHmO pacrekanus. Ha yceveHHoM Konyce q7HHa WITpuXa YMenbUIAeTCA, DHHS MO MOTOKy. (yMeHbilaeTcR HaNpAXeHHe TpeHHA H yBeAHIHBAeT- ca Tomita MorpaHNuiior com), a Ha XBOCTOBOM UHANHApe ysennuNBaetca, Sto roBopuT © HadHYHH OTpLBa NorpaHytoro caox B MecTe H3IOMa OOpasyioulelt c OGpasoBarHeM y3- Koll 3aMkuyToh oTpHBHof o6nacTH, Ha puc. 2,6,6 mpusegenx dororpadun aspomMuammueckux cneKrpor uccstenyemoit Mogem Mp yrne ataxH a=12 (Mo=O0,6). BugHo HanuuHe son ctoxnbx Tevennit, 6 4aCTHOCTH, 30Hbl 34MKHYTOrO BHXpeBoro TeveHHA (Ba CHMMETPHYHEIX BHXPaA) H 3aMKHy- Toit oTpuiBnoii OSAacTH Ha HaBeTpeHHOf cropone MHANHAPHUEcKOH BcTaBKH, JIMA oTpEIBa TOrpakHuHoro com BHAHA B Bue OrHOaloulel aMNUM cTexaHHA (NpeeqbHBIe AMHHK TOKa, uMeloulMe BeTpeyHoe HanpaBzenue). Uerkocts npeneabHx HHH ToKa (cM. pHc. 2) TOBOpHT O TOM, wTO MpH BH3yamsa- UHM MOSBYKOBOrO OGteKaluA HayaNDHLIt aTam TeyeHHA (sanycK a9pomHMaMMyecKO Tpy- Ou) He OKaspIBaeT BAHAHHA Ha cTaNMOHApHyo KapTHHY TeveHlig MpH sananioM pexuMe, Kapruva amauit Toxa mpa vice Mo=0,9 H yrne aTaKH a=4° mpegcrasacua ua puc. 3. Ha puc. 3,6°noKasaHa HaBetpeaa cropoa MomeaH, rae TAK 2%Ke XOPOUIO BH;HO caoxKHyIo CTpyKTypy Te¥eHHA B OOaACTH OTpHIBa MoTOKa. CxeMa TeveHHig UpuBeseHa wa pie. 3,6. TIpw oGrekanuH MoneaH cBepX3ByKOBLIM MOTOKOM (puc. 4) TpaeKTopH dayopecun- PYIOMHX TOueK cTAHOBATCH PasMBITHMH; TO ABARETCH CAEACTBHEM BARANHA WaaqbHOrO stana TexeHua (3anycK aspoqMHaMUyecKOh TpyO, MpOXOKAeHHe cKayKa yraoTHeHnA), Ha puc. 4,a Mpencrannena dororpabus, noxyuennan vepes 15 ¢ mocue BHXOAa asponunamn- weckoit TpyOnt Ha pexuM, a Ha pyc. 4, 6—rocae ee octanonKn. Ha pac. 4, a, 6 BHAHO, NTO HaWaAbHBLit STAN TeMeHMA He OKaSHBaeT BAMANMA Ha OGM XapaKtep CrauMoHapHoit Kapruuty OGteKaHHa MpH uHeae M.> 1. Kpome otgeabibix Tovex, pu3syaausupyiommnit coctan wartociiicn B Bie cHmoWHott TAeHKH TOAMMHOM Nopaaka 5—10 MuKpou, [aunsit cHocos HaKeceHuA cocTaBa aBuReTCH TaKKe shexTHBHBIM, OCOGeHHO, MPH BH3YaNH3auNH CBEpXSBYKOBOrO OGTeKaIHA, Awtop supaxaer 6staronapHocts M. M. Apgauesoii, npauasuieh yuacrue » mponene- BUH oKcMlepuMeHTa H cocTaBAeHHH hayopecuMpyiomelt xHAKOCTH. JSIMTEPATYPA 1, Becnasos A.M, Topmkos M. HM, Topwxos B. B, Ocuw M. H, Uxait H. C. Busyaasauna pogsuolt naenkn Ha noBepxHocTi MOREA B CBEPXSBYKOBOM noToKe. — Yuenwe sanucxu IATH, 1980, 1. XI, No 2. 2 Mpuurcxefm [1 @ayopecuenuun xu cociopecuenuna. —M: Visa. uHoerp. aut-ps, 1951. 3. Kouctantuwosa-Ulaesnurep M. A. Jliouiecuentnuit ana- sua. —M.: Higa. AH CCCP, 1948. Pyxonuce nocrynuaa 28/111 1985 e.