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Lecture 2:
Uncontrolled AC to DC Converters
(Diode Rectifiers)
DIODE RECTIFIERS
Introduction
1- Single phase half-wave diode rectifier
2- Battery charger
DIODE RECTIFIERS
Block Diagram
AC
DC
DIODE RECTIFIERS
Main issues in diode rectifiers
AC
DC
Single-phase
Resistive
Inductive
Resistive-inductive
Three-phase
DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R load)
DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R load)
Example: Find average and rms values
of the output voltage and FF, RF and PF
for the following circuit:
DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R load)
The average output voltage Vdc is defined as:
DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R load)
The rms (root mean square) value of a periodic waveform is defined as:
DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R load)
The form factor (FF) is defined as the ratio of the root-mean- square value (heating
component) of a voltage or current to its average value:
The ripple factor (RF), which is a measure of the ripple content, is defined as:
where Vac is the effective (rms) value of the ac component of load voltage vo.
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R load)
Rectification efficiency:
(0.318V )
P
R
(0.5V )
P
R
(0.318V )
40.5%
(0.5V )
2
dc
ac
Power factor:
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
How can we calculate the Power Factor (PF)?
vs(t)
is(t)
is(t)
a
vs(t)
b
Linear
System
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
How can we calculate the Power Factor (PF)?
vs(t)
is(t)
is(t)
a
vs(t)
b
Nonlinear
System
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R load)
Diode voltage drop
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R-L load)
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R-L load)
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R-L load)
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase half-wave diode rectifier (R-L load)
Compare
the
load
current
waveform with the one in the
previous circuit. (without freewheeling diode)
Average output voltage depends on
the load parameters.
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Battery charger with a resistive current limiter
R
D1
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Battery charger with an inductive current limiter
Current begins to flow when the
input voltage exceeds Ed.
Current continues to flows for a
while even after the input voltage has
gone below Ed.
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase full-wave diode rectifier with center-tapped transformer,
(R load)
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase full-wave diode rectifier with center-tapped transformer,
(R load)
The average output is:
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase full-wave diode rectifier with center-tapped transformer,
(R load)
Rectification efficiency:
Full-wave
half-wave
(0.318V )
P
R
(0.5V )
P
R
(0.318V )
40.5%
(0.5V )
2
dc
ac
Power factor:
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase full-wave diode bridge rectifier
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase full-wave diode bridge rectifier
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase full-wave diode bridge rectifier
Output voltage and current waveforms with a purely inductive load
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Single phase full-wave diode bridge rectifier
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Design of filter to limit the ripple in a single phase bridge rectifier
Draw vo here
D1
Full Rectified
D3
+
vs
Vo
D2
D4
vs(t)
Draw iS here
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Design of filter to limit the ripple in a single phase bridge rectifier
Full Rectified
Vo
Vr(pp)
vs(t)
In practice, if the peak-to-peak ripple voltage is small, it can be approximated as:
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Design of filter to limit the ripple in a single phase bridge rectifier
D1
Full Rectified
D3
Vo
+
vs
Vo
D2
D4
vs(t)
is(t)
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Example of applying passive PFC (power factor correction) filter
64
is(t)
D1
D3
+
vs
Vo
D2
Amplitude (A)
D4
15
-64
is(t)
D1
D3
+
vs
Vo
Amplitude (A)
La
D2
D4
-15
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Voltage Doubler Rectifier
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Voltage Doubler rectifier
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Voltage Doubler rectifier
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, four-wire system
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Multiphase Star Rectifier
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Multiphase Star Rectifier
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Multiphase Star Rectifier
V2 >V1 and other phases, thus
during this period, D1 is turned
off and D2 is turned on.
RMS value of the output voltage for the
case of 6-phase star rectifier:
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase half-wave rectifier with pure inductive load
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier with resistive load
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier with resistive load
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier with resistive load
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier with resistive load
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier with resistive load
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier with resistive load
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier with resistive load
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier with resistive load
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier: Redrawn
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier: Redrawn
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
A three-phase, full-bridge rectifier: Redrawn
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Understanding Current Commutation
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Understanding Current Commutation
There is a short circuit for a short time and the current commutates
from one leg to another one.
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DIODE RECTIFIERS
Understanding Current Commutation