Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Nicolaus Steno
The principle of superposition
In any sequence of undisturbed strata, the oldest layer is at the bottom
and successively higher layers are successively younger.
Dalam suatu urutan lapisanyangtidak terganggu, lapisan tertua
terletak dibawah dan secara berturut-turut lapisan yang tertinggi
adalah secara berturut-turut yang termuda.
The principle of original horizontality
Most sedimentary particles settle from fluids under the influence of
gravity. The sediment then must have been deposited in layers that
were nearly horizontal and parallel to the surface on which they were
accumulating
Sebagian besar partikel sedimen yang mengendap dipengaruhi
oleh grafitasi. Endapan tersebut terendapkan dalam lapisanlapisan yang hampir horisontal dan sejajar dengan permukaan
pada tempat akumulasinya.
The principle of original lateral continuity
It pertains to the fact that, as originally deposited, strata either extend
in all directions until the thin to a feather egde, or they end abruptly
against the edges of the basin or area in which the were laid down
Ini berkaitan dengan fakta bahwa, awal mula diendapkannya,
lapisan menyebar kesegala arah hingga lapisan tertipisnya atau
mereka berakhir secara tiba-tiba pada ujung cekungan atau
daerah di mana mereka diendapkan.
2. Uniformitarianism
The processes that shaped earth throughout geologic time were the same as
those observable today.
Proses-proses yang membentuk bumi selama waktu geologi
berlangsung sama halnya dengan apa yang kita lihat sekarang.
The principle that the same processes and natural laws prevailed in the past
as those we can now see in operation or can infer from observation
Prinsip bahwa proses dan hukum alam yang berlaku di masa lalu
sama seperti yang dapat kita lihat sekarang dalam suatu operasi
atau dapat menyimpulkan dari pengamatan
3. The principle of cross cutting relationship
Geologic features such as faults, veins and dikes must be younger than the
rock or features they cut across.
Fitur geologi seperti patahan, vein dan dike lebih muda
dibandingkan dengan batuan atau fitur yang mereka terobos
4. Walthers law
The various deposits of the same facies-area and similarly the sum of rock of
different facies-areas are formed beside each other in space, though in a
cross-section we see them lying on top of each other... It is a basic statement
of far reaching significance that only those facies-areas can be superimposed
primarily which can be observed beside each other at the present
time(walther, 1884)