LESSONS

WITH
PHONICS
MELODY M. GONZALES, MT-II
PRESENTER

Slide No.

Topics

The Necessary Phonic Skills

Stage by Stage Process

Phonics

7-8

Why is Phonics Important?

Stages of Learning Phonics

10

All Children are Different

12

7 Lessons with Phonics (Video Presentation)

13

Lesson 1: Teaching the Sounds of Consonants

14

Lesson 2: Teaching Short Vowel Sounds (a, e, i, o, u)

15

Lesson 3 A: Teaching the Beginning Consonant Blends

15

Lesson 3 B: Ending Consonant Blends

16

Exercises (Teaching Ending Consonant Blends)

17

Teaching Complex Consonants or Diagraphs

18

Exercises in Teaching Complex Consonants or Diagraphs

19-22

Teaching Vowels

22

Teaching Vowels with r (ar, er, ir, or, ur)

Slide No.

Topics

25

Other Rules

26

Phonics Pronunciation Exercise

27-33

Set 1 (s, a, t, p, i, n)

34-40

Set 2 (ck, e, h, r, m, d)

41-47

Set 3 (g, o, u, l, f, b)

48-53

Set 4 (ai, j, oa, ie, ee, or)

54-59

Set 5 (z, w, ng, v, oo, oo)

60-65

Set 6 (y, x, ch,y, sh, th, th)

66-72

Set 7 (qu, ou, oi, ue, er, ar)

73

Thank You!

The Necessary Phonic Skills

Leap Frog, gives a list of
what a beginning reader
and writer should learn:

Learn the usual

sounds for each
letter

Learn how the

sounds
blend
together in left-toright sequence to
form a word

Hear the word

pronounced in its
entirety

Understand that the

word has meaning

Hildreth:
Be able to find what is
common between many
different words.
To blend each sound in
1 word to pronounce the
word as a whole.
Develop the habit of
reading sounds of
letters in one word from
left to right.
To read new words by
pronouncing one part of
the word the student
recognizes,
then
making a good guess
for the rest of the word.

STAGE BY STAGE
PROCESS
1.

New word: STOP

2.

Student recognizes TOP

because of consonant-vowelconsonant studies.

3.

Student knows the sound of S

and begins to pronounce the
sounds together from left to right,
S- TOP becomes STOP.

4.

As he learns more skills and

words, he will be able to read
more difficult words on his own.

PHONICS

What is phonics?
Why is phonics important?
When is phonics usually
taught?

Phonics is a system of
relationships between letters
and sounds in a language.
When you learn that the
letter B has the sound of
/b/ and that "tion" sounds
like /shun/, you are
learning phonics.

WHY IS PHONICS
IMPORTANT?
The simple view of reading
shows that both dimensions
are necessary to achieve fluent
reading. However, the balance
between word recognition and
language comprehension shifts
as children acquire secure and
automatic decoding skills and
progress from learning to
read to reading to learn for
purpose and pleasure. The
ultimate goal of learning to read
is comprehension.

WHY IS PHONICS IMPORTANT?

Learning phonics will help you

to learn to read and spell.
Written language can be
compared to a code, so knowing
the sounds of letters and letter
combinations will help you to
translate words as you read.

Knowing phonics will also help you

know which letters to use as you
write words.
High-quality phonics teaching
secures the vital skills of word
recognition that, once mastered,
enable you to read fluently and
automatically. Once you are a fluent
reader, you are able to concentrate
on the meaning of the text.

STAGES OF
LEARNING PHONICS
know the letters and sounds.

soft and hard sounds and short

and long sounds, all the sounds
of letters and letter
combinations.

short and long vowels, consonant

digraphs, vowels combination,
decoding, making words.

practice reading and spelling words

containing those letters and patterns.

short and long vowels, consonant

digraphs, vowels combination,
decoding, making words.

ALL CHILDREN ARE

DIFFERENT

People vary in the amount of

phonics instruction they need
and when they need it.

Some people need very little

phonics instruction, while
others still benefit from
phonics instruction later on in
learning.

Sounds (phonemes) are

represented by letters
(graphemes: shapes of the
letters)

English is an alphabetic
language unlike Chinese, for
example, where whole words
are represented by characters.
A phoneme can be represented by
one letter (grapheme) or by a group
of 2 or more letters. (e.g. sh, igh,
eigh)
There are 26 alphabetical letters
with 44 sounds

SEVEN LESSONS
WITH PHONICS

Where to start?:
Make sure that each of the student
know the letters of the alphabet.

LESSON 1: TEACHING THE

SOUNDS OF CONSONANTS
Dechants suggests teaching
following consonants together.
Group 1: M, T, B, H, P, N
Group 2: D, W, G, C, J
Group 3: F, I, R, S

the

Consonant sounds can be taught by

teaching them as they sound in the
beginning of a word.
After they recognize the consonant
sound in the beginning of the word,
teach them to recognize consonant
sounds in the ending of words.

LESSON 2: TEACHING
SHORT VOWEL SOUNDS
(a, e, i, o, u)
The student listens to the sound, say
apple, hat, bat, cat, fad.
The student is taught how to say the
sound without the word. He is told it is
the short vowel sound.
The student sees the letter A in print, in
big & small case. Now he knows how
the sound looks.
The student is shown words with this
sound. He is shown that one-syllable
words have only one vowel, which is
followed by a consonant.
The student checks whether the word
makes sense in the sentence it is found
in.
Leap Frog suggests teaching short vowel
sounds in the consonant-vowel-consonant
basic patterns, e.g. dog, pad, fun, etc.

LESSON 3 A : TEACHING
THE BEGINNING
CONSONANT BLENDS
Dechant clarifies the consonant blends
are different from speech consonants,
which have a single speech sound: ch,
sh, th, wh, ck, gh, ph, qu, ng
The consonant blends you can teach
are: bl, cr, fl, pl, scr, sl, sp, squ, thr, br,
dr, fr, shr, sm, spl, st, tr, cl, dw, gl, sc,
sk, sn, spr, str, tw

LESSON 3 B : TEACHING
ENDING CONSONANT
BLENDS
Teach a small batch at a time
act, all, apt, arn, ast, ell, ept, ing, isp
uct, ung, aff, alp, arb, arp, ebs, elm,
est, inn, iss, ull, unt, aft, alt, arc, arr,
ecs, elp, iff, ird, ist, ulp, ust, alb, and,
ard, art, ect, elt, ift, irm, itt, ult, utt, alc,
ang, arf, asm, eft, emp, ilm, irt

EXERCISES FOR TEACHING

ENDING CONSONANT BLENDS
arm

carp

fang harm malt

cart

cart

felt

raft

harp mast ramp

LESSON 4 : TEACHING LONG VOWELS

This can be introduced by using the
common long-vowel pattern: vowelconsonant-silent: ape. Other words can
be used: old, unicorn. The vowel-final e
pattern shall be introduced: pie, tie. The
final y is included here: sky, cry.
EXERCISES FOR TEACHING
LONG VOWEL SOUNDS

a: apron, Asia, April, paper, baby, radio, potato

e: even, equal, evil, demon, secret, zebra, he
i: idea, Ill, item, ice, ivory, bicycle, tiny, rifle
o: open, obey, ocean, odor, October, program
u: uniform, universe, unique, human, January

LESSON 5 : TEACHING
COMPLEX CONSONANTS
OR DIAGRAPHS
(ch, sh, th, wh, ck, gh, ph, qu, ng)
A diagraph is different from a
consonant blend in that the diagraph
forms one sound from two
consonants (Dechant).
The first 4 diagraphs (ch, sh, th, wh),
however, are best learned first.
ch has 4 sounds: ch (check), sh
(shef, machine), & k (Christmas)
th has 3 sounds: voiceless th
(thought, tooth), voiced th (there,
them, they), & t (Thomas, Esther)
wh may be pronounced as hw
(where, what) or h (who)
gh may sound silent (high, through),
as f (cough, laugh) or g (ghost)
ph sounds like an f (phase, phone), v,
p, or is silent

EXERCISES IN TEACHING
COMPLEX CONSONANTS
gh (silent)
daughter

bought

highway

might

neighbors

light

eight

night

dough

ph (f)
photo

phase

alphabet

phonics

phantom

orphan

phrase

phonetic
qu (f)

nephew

quarts

quiet

quote

quite

squash

quill

inquire

squirm

equal

slingshot

ng
wing

strong

longing

hang

wrong

young

fling

string

LESSON 6 :
TEACHING VOWELS
Long Vowels: ai, ea, ay, ee, oa, oe, ow
Diphtongs: ei, ie, oi, oy, oo, ou, aw, ow,
eu, ew, ue, ui
For the first set (ai, ea, ay, ee, oa, oe,
ow), the 2nd letter may be silent and the
1st is long
ai- aid, aim, brain, drain, fail, faint fair
Exceptions: aisle, plaid, said
ay- bay, day, gay, hay, play, pray, ray
Exceptions: aye, says
ea- has five sounds:
as i- beard, clear, dear, ear, fear
as e- bear, pear, swear, wear
as inverted e- dearth, earl, earn
as a- heart, hearth
as long a- break, steak
ee- bee, beef, beer, bleed, creek
oa- board, boast, coast, coat, float
oe- doe, foe, toe
Exceptions: does, shoe, snowshoe
ow- blow, bow, flow, glow, grow, low

Diphthongs are vowel combinations with

a single sound. The sound is different
from those of the letters as separate
entities.
ei / ey has 5 sounds:
1. e- beige, feign, heir, reign, reindeer,
veil
2. long e (2nd vowel is silent)- key,
passkey, ceiling, deceive, conceive,
leisure, seize
3. long i- eye, eyeball, eyebrow, height
4. short e- heifer
5. short i- forfeit, money, monkey, alley

ie- has 4 sounds:

1. long e- brief, chief, field, fierce, grief
2. long i- die, fried, lie, pie, untie, implied
3. short e- friend, friendly, befriend
4. short i- candied, doggie, kerchief

oi / oy: boil, broil, appoint, jointly, recoil

boy, soy, alloy, oyster, decoy
oo has 4 sounds:
1. u- bloom, boo, boom, boast, boot
2. Clipped u- barefoot, bookmark, cook
3. o- door, floor, doorway
4. u- blood, flood, bloodshed, floodlight
ou has seven sounds:
1. ou-blouse, cloud, count, flour, hour
2. Long o- court, four, mourn, pour
3. u- coup, group, rouge, soup, detour
4. Short u- roughly, touch, trouble
5. O-bought, brought, fought, ought
6. Clipped u- could, should, tour, would
7. e- adjourn, journal, journey, flourish
au and aw have the same o sound:
au- caught, fault, naughty, saucer, vault
Exceptions: draught, gauge, aunt, laugh
aw- brawl, awe, crawl, dawn, draw, jaw
ow- bow, brown, clown, tower, nightgown

ew, ue, ui- share the same sounds:

As yu:
ew-few, new, skew, stew, view, nephew
ue-cue, hue, sue, imbue, statue, tissue
ui- suit, nuisance
eu- feud, Europe, feudal, neural, neutral

LESSON 7 : TEACHING VOWELS

WITH r (ar, er, ir, or, ur)
When r follows a single vowel, it changes
the sound of hat vowel. Dechant proceeds
through the 5 different combinations of
vowels and the letter r.
ar has different sounds:
as a: car, bar, art, arm, far
as e: (when followed by a silent e)- care,
fare; (or when it is the final letter in the
syllable with accent and is followed by a
vowel): parent, Mary
as short a: paradise, paradox

 as inverted e
- When a is the last letter in the syllable
with no accent and is followed by an r
in the next syllable- maroon, cataract
- As a suffix or as the last syllable: liar,
westward, pillar, dollar, orchard
- ar in the suffix ary as er- stationary,
legendary, sanitary
er has different sounds as well:
- Inverted e- baker (and other verbs
plus er to mean a person), hotter (and
other adjectives plus er to show
comparison); also clerk, germ, her,
herd, merge, nerve
- As i- here
- As e- there, where, ferry, very
- As inverted e with r- her, revert
ir has 3 sounds:
- As inverted e with r- bird, chirp, squirt
- As long i with r- dire
- As ir- virile, irrelevant, irritate

or has 5 sounds:
- As inverted e with r when it comes
after w- word
- As inverted e (when used for a person
or quality or condition)- inventor,
doctor, horror
- As ar- coral, torrid
- As long o
- As o- born, cord, cork, torch, worn

ur has 3 sounds:
- As inverted e with r- liturgy, blur, blurt
- As ur- cure
- As u- jury, rural

OTHER RULES:
1. When ar, er, ir, or, and ur are
followed by another r, the vowel is
usually sounded short- barrel, barren,
corrupt, sorry, mirror, sparrow, error,
terrier, arrest
2. When r is followed by another vowel,
the sound is also short- charity, tariff,
parachute, parasol, parallel, parasite,
parable, ceremony, America, very,
inherit, peril, merit, spirit, miracle,
direct
3. In some words, r has no effect on the
sound of the vowel before it- around,
arena, erect, erupt, hero, pirate,
virus, glory, oral, story.

Phonics
Set 1: s, a, t, p, i, n
Set 2: ck, e, h, r, m, d

Set 3: g, o, u, l, f, b
Set 4: ai, j, oa, ie, ee, or
Set 5: z, w, ng, v, oo, oo
Set 6: y, x, ch, sh, th, th
Set 7: qu, ou, oi, ue, er, ar

Set
1

s, a, t, p, i, n

Set
2

ck, e, h, r, m, d

Set
3

g, o, u, l, f, b

Set
4

ai, j, oa, ie, ee, or

Set
5

z, w, ng, v, oo, oo

Set
6

y, x, ch, sh, th, th

Set
7

qu, ou, oi, ue,

er, ar

Thank You!