1 1.

2 Points, Lines, and Planes 9/10/12 Geometry a mathematical system built on accepted
facts, basic terms, and definitions. Undefined Terms the basic ideas that you can use to
build the definitions of all other figures in geometry. You cannot define undefined terms,
but it is important to have a general description of their meanings.
2 Undefined Terms Point indicates a location and has no size. Represent a point by a dot.
Name it with a capital letter, such as A. Line represented by a straight path that extends in
two opposite directions without end and has no thickness. A line contains infinitely many
points. Can name a line by any two points on the line, or by a single lowercase letter. Plane
represented by a flat surface that extends without end and has no thickness. Contains
infinitely many lines. Can name a plane by a capital letter or by at least three points in the
plane that do not all lie on the same line.
3 Undefined Terms Point A line l or AB plane P or plane ABC
4 Points Collinear points points that lie on the same line. Coplanar points points that lie in
the same plane. All the points of a line are coplanar.
5 Naming Points, Lines, and Planes What are two other ways to name QT? What are two
other ways to name plane P? What are the names of three collinear points? What are the
names of four coplanar points?
6 Naming Points, Lines, and Planes TQ and line m. Plane RQV and plane RSV. Points R, Q,
and S are collinear. Points R, Q, S, and V are coplanar.
7 Defined Terms Segment a part of a line that consists of two endpoints and all points
between them. Can name a segment by its two endpoints. Ray a part of a line that consists
of one endpoint and all the points of the line on one side of the endpoint. Can name a ray by
its endpoint and another point on the ray. The order of points indicates the rays direction.
Opposite rays two rays that share the same endpoint and form a line. Can name opposite
rays by their shared endpoint and any other point on each ray.
8 Defined Terms AB CA and CB
9 Name Segments and Rays What are the names of the segments in the figure? What are the
names of the rays in the figure? Which of the rays in the previous question are opposite rays?
10 Name Segments and Rays The three segments are DE or ED, EF or FE, and DF or FD.
The four rays are DE or DF, ED, EF, and FD or FE. The opposite rays are ED and EF.
11 Postulates A postulate or axiom is an accepted statement of fact. Basic building blocks of
the logical system in geometry. Use logical reasoning to prove general concepts.
12 Postulates Postulate 1.1 Through any two points there is exactly one line. When you
have two or more geometric figures, their intersection is the set of points the figures have in

common. Postulate 1.2 If two distinct lines intersect, then they intersect in exactly one
POINT.
13 Postulates Postulate 1.3 If two distinct planes intersect, then they intersect in exactly one
LINE. Postulate 1.4 Through any three NONCOLLINEAR points, there is exactly one
plane.
14 More Practice!!!!! Classwork Textbook p # 9 35 odd Homework Textbook p # 8 36
even

Presentation on theme: "6.1 Points, Lines, Planes, and

Angles. Basic Terms A point, line, and plane are three
basic terms in geometry that are NOT given a formal
definition," Presentation transcript:
1 6.1 Points, Lines, Planes, and Angles
2 Basic Terms A point, line, and plane are three basic terms in geometry that are NOT given a
formal definition, yet we recognize them when we see them. A line is a set of points. Any
two distinct points determine a unique line. Any point on a line separates the line into three
parts: the point and two half lines. A ray is a half line including the endpoint. A line segment
is part of a line between two points, including the endpoints.
3 Basic Terms Line segment AB Ray BA Ray AB Line AB Symbol Diagram Description A B
AAAB B B
4 Plane We can think of a plane as a two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely in both
directions. Any three points that are not on the same line (noncollinear points) determine a
unique plane. A line in a plane divides the plane into three parts, the line and two half planes.
Any line and a point not on the line determine a unique plane. The intersection of two planes
is a line.
5 Angles An angle is the union of two rays with a common endpoint; denoted The vertex
is the point common to both rays. The sides are the rays that make the angle. There are
several ways to name an angle:
6 Angles The measure of an angle is the amount of rotation from its initial to its
terminal side. Angles can be measured in degrees, radians, or, gradients. Angles are
classified by their degree measurement. Right Angle is 90 Acute Angle is less than
90 Obtuse Angle is greater than 90 but less than 180 Straight Angle is 180
7 Types of Angles Adjacent Angles-angles that have a common vertex and a common side but
no common interior points. Complementary Angles-two angles whose sum of their measures
is 90 degrees. Supplementary Angles-two angles whose sum of their measures is 180 degrees.
8 Example If are supplementary and the measure of ABC is 6 times larger than CBD,
determine the measure of each angle. A B C D
9 Example If are supplementary and the measure of ABC is 6 times larger than CBD,
determine the measure of each angle. A B C D
10 More definitions Vertical angles are the nonadjacent angles formed by two
intersecting straight lines. Vertical angles have the same measure. A line that intersects
two different lines, at two different points is called a transversal. Special angles are
given to the angles formed by a transversal crossing two parallel lines.

11 Special Names One interior and one exterior angle on the same side of the transversal
have the same measure Corresponding angles Exterior angles on the opposite sides of the
transversalhave the same measure Alternate exterior angles Interior angles on the opposite
side of the transversalhave the same measure Alternate interior angles
12 6.2 Polygons
13 Polygons are named according to their number of sides. Icosagon20Heptagon7
Dodecagon12Hexagon6 Decagon10Pentagon5 Nonagon9Quadrilateral4 Octagon8Triangle3
NameNumber of Sides NameNumber of Sides
14 Types of Triangles Acute Triangle All angles are acute. Obtuse Triangle One angle is
obtuse.
15 Types of Triangles continued Right Triangle One angle is a right angle. Isosceles
Triangle Two equal sides. Two equal angles.
16 Types of Triangles continued Equilateral Triangle Three equal sides. Three equal
angles (60) each. Scalene Triangle No two sides are equal in length.
17 Similar Figures Two polygons are similar if their corresponding angles have the same
measure and the lengths of their corresponding sides are in proportion
18 Example Catherine Johnson wants to measure the height of a lighthouse. Catherine is 5
feet tall and determines that when her shadow is 12 feet long, the shadow of the lighthouse is
75 feet long. How tall is the lighthouse? x
19 Example continued x Therefore, the lighthouse is feet tall.
20 Congruent Figures If corresponding sides of two similar figures are the same length,
the figures are congruent. Corresponding angles of congruent figures have the same
measure.
21 Quadrilaterals Quadrilaterals are four-sided polygons, the sum of whose interior
angles is 360. Quadrilaterals may be classified according to their characteristics.
22 Classifications Trapezoid Two sides are parallel. Parallelogram Both pairs of
opposite sides are parallel. Both pairs of opposite sides are equal in length.
23 Classifications continued Rhombus Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel. The four
sides are equal in length. Rectangle Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel. Both pairs
of opposite sides are equal in length. The angles are right angles.
24 Classifications continued Square Both pairs of opposite sides are parallel. The four
sides are equal in length. The angles are right angles.
25 6.3 Perimeter and Area

26 Formulas P = s 1 + s 2 + b 1 + b 2 P = s 1 + s 2 + s 3 P = 2b + 2w P = 4s P = 2l + 2w
Perimeter Trapezoid Triangle A = bhParallelogram A = s 2 Square A = lwRectangle
AreaFigure
27 Example Marcus Sanderson needs to put a new roof on his barn. One square of roofing
covers 100 ft 2 and costs $32.00 per square. If one side of the barn roof measures 50 feet by
30 feet, determine a) the area of the entire roof. b) how many squares of roofing he needs. c)
the cost of putting on the roof.
28 Example continued a) The area of the roof is A = lw A = 30(50) A = 1500 ft x 2 (both sides
of the roof) = 3000 ft 2 b) Determine the number of squares
29 Example continued c) Determine the cost 30 squares x $32 per square $960 It will cost a
total of $960 to roof the barn.
30 Pythagorean Theorem The sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs of a right triangle
equals the square of the length of the hypotenuse. leg 2 + leg 2 = hypotenuse 2 Symbolically,
if a and b represent the lengths of the legs and c represents the length of the hypotenuse (the
side opposite the right angle), then a 2 + b 2 = c 2 a b c
31 Example Tomas is bringing his boat into a dock that is 12 feet above the water level. If a
38 foot rope is attached to the dock on one side and to the boat on the other side, determine
the horizontal distance from the dock to the boat. 12 ft 38 ft rope
32 Example continued The distance is approximately feet b
33 Circles A circle is a set of points equidistant from a fixed point called the center. A
radius, r, of a circle is a line segment from the center of the circle to any point on the
circle. A diameter, d, of a circle is a line segment through the center of the circle with
both end points on the circle. The circumference is the length of the simple closed curve
that forms the circle.
34 Example Terri is installing a new circular swimming pool in her backyard. The pool has a
diameter of 27 feet. How much area will the pool take up in her yard? (Use = 3.14.) The
radius of the pool is 13.5 ft. The pool will take up about 572 square feet.
35 6.4 Volume and Surface Area
36 Volume Volume is the measure of the capacity of a figure. It is the amount of material you
can put inside a three-dimensional figure. Surface area is the sum of the areas of the surfaces
of a three-dimensional figure. It refers to the total area that is on the outside surface of the
figure.
37 Example Mr. Stoller needs to order potting soil for his horticulture class. The class is
going to plant seeds in rectangular planters that are 12 inches long, 8 inches wide and 3
inches deep. If the class is going to fill 500 planters, how many cubic inches of soil are
needed? How many cubic feet is this?
38 Example continued We need to find the volume of one planter. Soil for 500 planters would
be 500(288) = 144,000 cubic inches

39 Polyhedron A polyhedron is a closed surface formed by the union of polygonal

regions.
40 Eulers Polyhedron Formula Number of vertices - number of edges + number of faces = 2
Example: A certain polyhedron has 12 edges and 6 faces. Determine the number of vertices
on this polyhedron. # of vertices - # of edges + # of faces = 2 There are 8 vertices.
41 Volume of a Prism V = Bh, where B is the area of the base and h is the height. Example:
Find the volume of the figure. Area of one triangle. Find the volume. 8 m 6 m 4 m

Presentation on theme: "Objective: > Understand and use the basic undefined
terms and defined terms of geometry." Presentation transcript:

2 Objective: > Understand and use the basic undefined terms and defined terms of geometry.
3 A definition uses known words to describe a new word. In geometry, some words such as
point, line and plane are undefined terms or not formally defined.
4 A point has no dimension. It is usually represented by a small dot. Using Undefined
terms and definition A Point A
5 A line extends in one dimension. It is usually represented by a straight line with two
arrowheads to indicate that the line extends without end in two directions. In this book,
lines are always straight lines. Using Undefined terms and definition A B l Line l or AB
6 A plane extends in two dimensions. It is usually represented by a shape that looks like a
tabletop or wall. You must imagine that the plane extends without end even though the
drawing of a plane appears to have edges. Using Undefined terms and definition A B C M
Plane M or plane ABC
7 Must be commonly understood without being defined. One such concept is the idea that a
point lies on a line or a plane. Collinear points are points that lie on the same line.
Coplanar points are points that lie on the same plane.
8 a. Name three points that are collinear Solution: D, E and F lie on the same line, so they are
collinear. Ex. 1: Naming Collinear and Coplanar Points G D E F H
9 b. Name four points that are coplanar. Solution: D, E, F, and G lie on the same plane, so
they are coplanar. Also D, E, F, and H are coplanar; although, the plane containing them is
not drawn. Ex. 1: Naming Collinear and Coplanar Points G D E F H
10 The line segment or segment AB (symbolized by AB) consists of the endpoints A
and B, and all points on AB that are between A and B. More... l Line l or AB A A B B
Segment AB
11 The ray AB (symbolized by AB) consists of the initial point A and all points on AB
that lie on the same side of A as point B. More... l Line l or AB A A B B Ray AB
12 Note that AB is the same as BA and AB is the same as BA. However, AB and BA are not
the same. They have different initial points and extend in different directions. More... l Line l
or AB A A B B Ray BA
13 Draw three noncollinear points J, K, and L. Then draw JK, KL and LJ. J K L Draw J, K
and L Then draw JK

14 Draw three noncollinear points J, K, and L. Then draw JK, KL and LJ. J K L Draw KL
15 Draw three noncollinear points J, K, and L. Then draw JK, KL and LJ. J K L Draw LJ