PUMP SUMP

3.0 DESIGN OF PUMP SUMP

Quantity of water to be pumped

Q = 170 m/hr
= 0.047 m/min

If 2 pump are to pump this amount, then each pump shall be rate at 0.0235 m/min
Qp = 0.0235 m/min

T = 5 min

Minimum sump volume between start and stop level

= TQ
P

4
= 5 X 0.0235
4
= 0.028 m3

RAW WATER INTAKE,

SCREENING AND AERATION

4.0 RAW WATER INTAKE, SCREENING AND AERATION

Design Criteria Used
The following design criteria are used to develop the design of the raw water intake and
screening facility:1. Hydraulic Data
a- Design flow (maximum day demand) = 4080 m3/day
b- Minimum reservoir elevation = 70.00 m (mean sea level [msl])
c- Maximum reservoir elevation = 90.00 m (msl)
d- Normal water surface elevation = 85.00 m (msl)
e- Bottom elevation = 60.00 m (msl)

2. General design guidelines

a- The raw water intake shall be a dry-tower design, with several gates to allow the water to
be selectively withdrawn from the levels that yields the most desirable quality of water
b- A coarse screen shall be provided at each gate to prevent large objects from entering the
intake. The velocity through the rack should be less than 8 cm/s
c- A mechanically-cleaned fine screen shall be provided at the pump station in order to
prevent fish and trash from entering the wet well of the pump station. The velocity through
the fine screen shall be less than 0.2 m/s
d- Aeration of raw water at the head works is not required

4.1 Design Calculations

Q = 4080 m3/day
= 0.047 m3/s
A = 0.047 m3/s
0.08 m/s
= 0.59 m2

This is a single gate

Velocity through the gate = 0.047 m3/s

0.59 m2
= 0.080 m/s

4.2 Design of Coarse Screen

1. Bar arrangement
Use 13 mm2 edge bars, 4.8 m long, space 8 cm and the bars cover 1.2 m
No. of spaces = 120 cm __
8 cm/spaces
= 15 spaces

The no of bars = 15 1 = 14 bars

2. Velocity through the bar rack

Area of the rack = Total area area of the bars

Total area

= 1.2 m x 4.8 m = 5.76 m2

Area of the bars

= 14 bars x 0.013 m x 4.8 m = 0.87 m2

So, area of the rack

= 5.76 m2 0.87 m2 = 4.89 m2

Velocity = 0.047 m3/s

4.89 m2
= 0.0096 m/s

4.3 Design of Fine Screen

1. Screening Equipment
Use two fine screens with opening size 9.5 mm
Depth of the flow is 9.53 m
Maximum velocity through the screen is 0.2 m/s
The recommended efficiency factor is 0.56 for stainless-steel screens
The design flow under normal conditions is 0.66 m3/s
Smallest screen available is 0.9 m

Width of screen = 0.66 m3/s______

9.53 m x 0.2 m/s x 0.56
= 0.62 m

Velocity through the screen = 0.66 m3/s______

9.53 m x 0.9 m x 0.56
= 0.14 m/s

Hydraulic Calculations
1. Head loss through the coarse screen
hL = (v2-vv2) x 1_
2g
0.7

where:hL = head loss through the screen, m

v = velocity through the screen opening, m/s
vv = velocity upstream of the screen (0 in most cases), m/s
g = acceleration due to gravity, m/s2

So, hL = (0.00962 02) x 1_

2 (9.81)
0.7
= 6.71 x 10-6 m

2. Head loss through the intake port

hL = _1_ x v_2
2g CdA
where:hL = head loss, m
g = acceleration due to gravity, m/s2
v = velocity
Cd = coefficient of discharge for orifice (usually 0.6-0.9)
A = effective submerged orifice area, m2

So, hL = __1___ x (0.66 m3/s )2

2(9.81) (0.6 x 0.59 m2)
= 0.177 m

3. Head loss through the fine screens

hL = __1___ x [____0.047 m3/s
_] 2
2(9.81)
[0.6 x 0.9 x 9.53 x 0.56]
= 1.356 x 10-5 m

So, total head loss = 6.71 x 10-6 m + 0.177 m + 1.356 x 10-5 m

= 0.177 m

4.4 Aeration
Gravity Aerators:
For this design Cascade Aeration are selected to be used because it is a simplest type of a free
fall aerator. In this method, the water is made to fall through certain height (1 to 3m) over a
series of steps (3 to 10) with a fall of about 0.15 to 0.3 m in each step. The structure so formed
is known as a free fall Aerator. Such aerators are widely used as water features. They will take
large quantities of water in a comparatively small area at low head, are simple to be kept clean
and can be made of robust and durable materials with a long life.
The plates can be made of cast iron, or of RCC, or timber, or even of glass. The
aerator should preferably be installed in open air. The cascade aerators are efficient in raising
dissolved oxygen content of water, but not for CO2 removal, which is removed only in the
range of 60 to 70%. Where a stream passes over an artificial or naturally occurring obstacle, a
large contribution occurs to the self-purification of the river water, due to increase in DO,
which accelerates the process of decomposition of organic matter.
In a cascade aerator, usually, the rate of flow may vary between 20 to 100 m/h per m
length of weir. To allow entrained air to mix in the water, each receiving basin should have a
pool of water of depth 0.3 to 0.5 m. Weirs with serrated edges perform better, as they help to
break water flow into separate jets. If the water is allowed to cling to the steps, especially at
low discharge rates, the efficiency is reduced. The space requirement is typically of the order
of 0.5 m per 1m/h water treated. The oxygen transfer efficiency should be as 2.5 kg O2 /
kWh.

Figure 3.1: Cascade Aeration