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Write your answer on extra sheet of paper, if necessary
Homework 4 of Matb 210 due on 19, October 2013.
13.5 (Read example 6 on p.873 and example 3 on p. 881) Find all the points (x, y)
on the given surface z = f (x, y) at which the tangent plane is horizontal.
Remark. A normal vector n to the tangent plane of the graph S of z = f (x, y)
is given by n = (fx , fy , 1) = fx (x, y)i + fy (x, y)j k, so the tangent plane is
horizontal at the point (x, y, f (x, y)) of S if and only if the point (x, y) satisfies the
equations fx (x, y) = fy (x, y) = 0.

13.5 (Read example 6 on p883) Find the maximum and minimum values attained by
the given function f (x, y) on the given region R in xy-plane.
25. f (x, y) = x2 +y 2 2x;
and C(0, 2).

R is the triangular region with vertices at A(0, 0), B(2, 0),

5. z = x2 + y 2 6x + 2y + 5

6. z = 10 + 8x 6y x2 y 2

13.5 (Read example 6 on p883) Find the highest and lowest points (if they exist) on
the graph z = f (x, y) :
18. z = 3x4 + 4x3 + 6y 4 16y 3 + 12y 2 zx = 12x2 (
), zy = 24y(
).
Then (zx , zy ) = (0, 0) if and only if (x, y) = ( , ), or ( , ) or
There is only the lowest point on the graph, because f (x, 0) = 3x4 + 4x3 =
3x2 x2 + 4x3 3x2 when x 1, and then f (x, 0) is not bounded from above, so
there is not any highest point on the graph.

21. z = exp(2x 4y x2 y 2 ). In fact, it follow that exp is an increasing function,

so it suffices to determine the highest and lowest points of the function g(x, y) =
2x 4y x2 y 2 .

28. f (x, y) = xy 2 ; R is the circular disk x2 + y 2 3.

Remark. One can parameterize the boundary the disk by using x = 3 cos t
and y = 3 sin t, (0 t 2).

13.6 Find the differential of the following functions:

1. f (x, y) = 3x2 + 4xy 2y 2 :
f
f
differential df =
dx +
dy = (6x + 4y)dx + (4x 4y)dy.
x
y
Remarks. (i) If u = f (x, y, z) is a function of 3 variables, then du ( or df if one
just want to indicate the function f rather the dependent variable u ), then
f
f
f
df =
dx +
dy +
dz.
x
y
z
(ii) one should think of the (component) differentials dx, dy, dz is another symbol
the canonical basis vectors i, j and k.
7. f (x, y, z) = log(x2 + y 2 + z 2 ), then by chain rule of one variable, one has
f
1
2
2x
= 2

(x + y 2 + z 2 ) = 2
. So the differential
2
2
x
x + y + z x
x + y2 + z2
f
f
f
2x
df =
dx +
dy +
dz = 2
dx +
dy +
x
y
z
x + y2 + z2

8. f (x, y, z) = sin(xyz), df =

dx +

dy +

dz.

f
(x y)( ) (x + y)( )
=
=
,
x
(x y)2
(x y)2
(x y)( ) (x + y)( )
f
=
=
x
(x y)2
dx
dy
df =
dx +
dy =
.
2
2
2
(x y)
(x y)
(x y)

14. f (x, y) =

x+y
xy ,

16. f (x, y, z) = xyz exp(x2 y 2 z 2 ),

df = exp(x2 y 2 z 2 )(
dx +

dy +

dz.

13.7 Use the exact value f (P ) and the differential df to approximate the value f (Q).

17. f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 ; P (3, 4), and Q(2.97, 4.04)

f
2x2 2 , 2y2 2 ), and f (P ) = f (3, 4) = ( 35 , 45 ).
f (x, y) = f
x i + y j = (
2

19. f (x, y) =

1
1+x+y ;

x +y

P (3, 6), and Q(3.02, 6.05)

13.6 Use differentials to approximate the indicated number:

26. ( 26)( 3 28)( 4 17)

27. e0.4 = exp(1.12 0.92 )

dz).

x +y

f (Q) = f (3 0.03, 4 + 0.04),

(where h is a vector = (0.03, 0.04) )
= f (P + h) = f (P ) + f (P ) h + higher order terms in h
f (P ) + f (P ) h
= f (3, 4) + f (3, 4) (0.03, 0.04) = 5 + ( 35 , 45 ) (0.03, 0.04) = 5 +

18. f (x, y) = x2 y 2 ; P (13, 5), and Q(13.2, 4.9)

0.07
5 .