Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
BY
GEORGE PHILLIPS,
D.D.
LONDON
-
IT.
WATTS, CEOWX
THE
Grammar"
are
who
brew,
This object
may
be easily ac-
affinity
which
struc-
in
common.
By bestowing
therefore a small
Hebrew
knowledge of the
allied to
after
may
subject.
It is indeed so nearly
to Chaldee, that
it
Hebrew;
Such
him
assistance
which the
it
he
will
be
ages,
which
PEERAGE.
IV
The
By an
of valuable
Hebrew
Bible.
it is
used
Holy Writ
many
and
difficult
it
the
fails to establish
In such
regards
its
much more
it
is
and
nevertheless superior as
claim, as
it
whose use
the Syriac
New
this version,
and
this
book
Testament.
its
is
intended, consists in
circumstances
it
and
if,
it
which can be
in addition to these
PREFACE.
language
is
so nearly the
Palestine in the
many
persons
first
by
it
New Testament
it
Michaelis,
original.
who
de-
to
when
New
many
Testament,
made
end of the
and
its
it
to every critic
more
uftod
than
must
or the
common
reading
all
first
it
in passages of importance,
and
cogent arguments in
have
is,
that
it
has been
together,
Prom
those remarks
Hebrew
it
duooment in sending
forth,
was
my
To
groat in*
A*
PUSVACK.
VI
has afforded
me
satisfactory proof
thai I ho publication
The
now
first
impression having
ken
taining
Leon made
to the
for tho
nwoml
havft
b.w
which
oil',
Edition, con-
additions,
literature lias
sold
coph's
Grammar
which
flyriac
may
cite,
first
which
it
and
think
tho
at all (listurld,
flic
Edition
employed
whou speaking
was executed,
"
in
(lit!
of the
jtrcfoeo to
manner
in
I have endeavoured to bo
a
operation of very few principles, and to exhibit in a
concise form the general structure of f ho
language"
tliis
introduced a considerable
To make
room
for
it,
Grammar
new
quantity of
have
matter.
last
made beyond
scholars than
it
appeared to
Edition, which
might in
this
them-
a larger
all
number of mature
Again,
For these
in the second
much more
introduction of additional
usefully filled
Grammar.
by the
Whatever new
new
eon*
edited,
Grammar which
I think
will not
bo
PREFACE.
Its laws
found touched upon in the following pages.
in
and principles I have endeavoured to develop, and,
with them, to classify the nouns, and to
accordance
new
former Editions
mentary character of the
whilst the higher parts of
into
it,
Grammar
is
preserved,
are introduced
of
thought adapted to meet the wants
and will also, to some extent, be found
will he
the beginner,
profitable
I might have
made
the numbor of
a larger book by greatly inevoasing
book than necessary ought on
examples but a larger
of Grammar
account to bo avoided, and a rule
;
every
may
iu general
bo as well
examples as by twenty.
illustrated
by one
or two
CONTENTS.
ImoDUCTOBY
Tho Alphabet
-
VowolB
Diphthongs
Properties
Clwingos of
Tho
......
.........
......
.........
.......
Observations
flio
Vowels
Diacritic Points,
Ribui
Lines
..........
..........
......
.......
.........
-----.......
..........
........
..........
........
On
Diiicritic
Points
Acccmt
JPAGK
8
10
H
U
18
20
24
26
28
30
31
32
33
Heading Eiorciaoa
35
NOUN8
Gander
37
38
Number
40
BtatCHufNouna
43
.....
..........
.....
.
PRONOUNS
Ponwud
Pjroncran*
55
60
50
.......
Demonstrative Pronouns
Pronominal Affixes
Nouns with
nifific,
Example of a
fern,
Numerals and
......
noun with
noun with
Affixes
63
C5
Affixes
C5
CO
.71
..........
M
.......
VERBS
gj
OS
Affixes
Example of a
73
-
77
.....
84
Paradigm of
^^D
The
pfuttuwil for
IERKUULAE VKHIW
Verbs
p or
*&
Verbs
o^ or
a nul. luttor
91
-
.......
........
.
'*
...
91
93
94.
Oi)
100
.........
.......
-
&p,
107
107
Paradigm of )ooa
Verbs
10^
CONTENTS
XI
PAOH
The Objective
attached to Verbs
affixes
-115
Paradigm of ]p
11C
323
The Verb
125
jJ^with
Affixes
12<5
JB^-
129
130
Verba
PARTICLES
132
Adverbfl
132
134
PrcpositionH
34
SYNTAX
Syntax of NmniB
135
OloiiHtrud.ion of Adjectives
140
Numerals
143
145
Syntax of Pronouns
155
Verbs
-
Adverbs
Prepositions
178
Conjunction
180
Interjections
Interrogative*
183
}Snallage of PovHons
'
...
...
,,.
Ellipsis
Coltoofction of
184
186
187
SyriftoMotreB
APPENDIX
177
Words
188
100
190
INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS,
TEE TSyriac
was the vernacular tongue of Syria for many ages previously to the Christian Era, and continued to be so
till
Mohammedan
invasion of the
as the language
country,
It
was
supposed from
scendants
it
Aram
Aram
probably, as
was peopled.
This
name
by whose
is
de-
scorns to liave
who
calls
word
is
and Daniel il
The
is
but
little
11
known.
xrm.
The
little
may
away
into
tine
kingdom of
Assyria.
scendants of
country.
INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS.
on Gen.
It seems that
x. 6, 15, 18.
that of Abraham,, these occupants began to be supplanted by the posterity of Shorn. This appears from
many
battles,
Assyrian empire.
it
Sulwcciuontly
Babylonians, then to
passed
rule,
nations.
the
rals, sol
master, was
mado governor
up
for himself,
when,
son,
till
and
his
bis death,
HO on, ilio
whon he
II
who began
nflei*
of .Baby-
brother gene-
after obtaining
some
he took the
title
n continued on tho
succeeded by his
country being ruled by hi family
\VUH
chuw,
under
fell
throne
it
deatli of his
lon, and,
the
Greek
gi-cat
to
whom was
Antio-
This monarch,
beiritf
very
Accordingly Lo inuhn-took an
whom
expe-
obliged to
v osi:iiv
moxs.
;;
lie,
In
ofMaecdon
Egypt,
covered
all
and
Palestine
Ccjnlosv\ ria.
and
After this
relie.
vanquished him
so
completely
battle was,
lirst
al,
llagin'sisi,
thai
Such being, in a
try,
we might
ftnv
Ilio
issue,
itomftn
of
tlt<*
v
-
provinc<
the- (;<>un-
would ho common
that,
to both languages;
and
this
we
as
wo
Testament, but
much
mow
New
of liar-HobrwiiN,
Most
appear
in
in
tho original.
INTROOTCTOKY OBSERVATIONS.
IVrsum
KjJ
TUTTOV,
worn,
}Lo
rwritwa.
The Arabw
wnnection
witli
INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS.
and
titles,
wo
find
count9
yjoo
\*+\s*
much
as in grammatical inflexions
tho Preface.
1he pronunciation
in
and constructions.
the latter in
iu
Sec,
Western
vis?,
iho
in
Tho most anoiont Syriao writ ings are said io lx* ihe
apocryphal Letter, which Ahgnr the Icin^ scnf. to
There nro also thosn
Christ, and our Lord's answer.
who
was
J3e this as
il
Gospel
is no
may, th^iv
was most
know
and
it
is
perhaps 1ho
the, ]>eriod to
Ab#ar
whiHi
it refers.
The
Syrians, like
many
but those
who
rt
of
nof.
1.11(7
JYom
suppose
the PhdMiithe,
Syriao
INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS.
(f
The
common
They are
original.
The former
and Peshito.
is
them
havinpf a
is
MSS., and in many monumental inscriptions. It
which Assemuni, in his
written in Syriac
P^fH,
same
as the Greek
word
<7rpoyyvXo?,
round; but as
romd*
is
The
latter is
is
and
Josr*) </M/^'/.
It
and
is
Tin*
ordi-
is
It is
said
by Jacob of Edesaa. It is
however, that they were gradually dn-
most
likely,
and underwent several modifications, before they assumed the precise forms which we HOW
veloped,
have.
mm*
common
purposes of
was hi use
muHt
for th<!
life.
make out
the Nestorian,
INTRODTJCTOKY OBSERVATIONS.
*7
country, to write
Carshunic.
1.
The
Syrians, in
common
with
many
other
INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS.
letters
^*
a & +
4 -
termi-
io
i>
^,
end of a word,
>o, r or ^, ^.
and
=>
magnitude,
>
i>
'
a
It may be also observed that one letter is joined to
another by a small horizontal line drawn from its
extremity
as, 01
in <jiX
The exceptions to
this are
>
and
L)
Lomad-Olaph
Lomad-Lomad
As
of the
letter
^
p
for
^|
1^
same
by which,
VOWELS.
1Q
Gutturals
Linguals
The consonants
j. (?.
lose their
tho Hebrew
power
*-
Labials
Palatids
Dentals
**
01
ic
'
o -, frequently b<JConw(|iiicsc><Mii,
as consonants ; as is the csiso wit h
'
2,
Vowels.
Him
\v<w
o *
vw\'K
\v
as
often understood,
To meet
use.
this defect,
Tho
first
step taken to
llu*
point was
first
now impossible
assigned
although
its
Many Grammarians
historical
testimony on
ikfe
Edmsa
nmUer is
it is
luivu
;
Intj
vifi-v
VOWELS.
we
imperfect,
11
something equivalent to
it,
it,
or
for
on which he says
*
|J
^JLi]
,-1*2+]
ofnajj
Jjf is
y*]
proper
]^ol
1*
lfi*>
o-^o
to observe', ttatf
in both Testaments,
and not
j{{
Ipc**, as
wow?
we find
some persons
mode
of distinguishing in
them the
employed as
it is
work
to devise
set
themselves
fully
Now
and
VOWELS.
12
further, having
01
be.
own
advantageously engaged in the service of their
said
ihe
of
modes
Two
representing
language.
vowels were adopted about the same time: on o was
by means of one or two points being placexl in different positions, and the other by writing above, or
below the consonants the Greek signs themselves, \\ it h
some
slight
This 8y,slem of
64),
it
till
was
Theopli Hits
Vowels, by native Grammarians, are called Hometimes by one and sometimes by another of lh follow-
ing names
sounds;
vocals
]&liSo
luo positions ;
]Q]
motions
\pvipoints.
exhibits their names,
Names.
Power.
Figure.
Syr.
Petliocho
ftovotso
OLovotso
EtSOtso
o
o
ja
^D
ooo
t
Zekofo
Greek.
9
OD
CO OD
Alpha (A)
lota (j)
OD
Omionm(0)
UpHlldti* (Y)
* Tho
figure of the vowel Msoteo tuny luivo come from that of the
diphthong ov. Tho forni of tlio vowel in frcijuimtly oln^mnl in MSH.
^
to bo
V.
13
VOWELS.
The points
coalesce with
may
as ~-^<n>" Roli-t'm.
>,
is
^o
ir>
i.
e.
i. e.
Wlion
followed
a quiescent
by
or
h.
as
p^a
*"*
ICtlw-bo,
as in
cad.
Men.
id-to.
as in
syllables are often,
Hebrew,
of the accent;
lously long, on account perhaps
as,
DIPHTHONGS.
VOWELS.
14
n,
also -*fc
m-
where
3.
Diphthongs*
their
Vau makes
The
first
four diphthongs
OH,
Ihe
\&o$ iMnt-uw,
,/f/-v/,
w-n
is.
Tho seconds
cu<> is
'
I will
Tho
syllable.
cm, en, in
is
ho-nau, this
eojilesee
of words, and
o;
Hie letters
l>y
pr<mlinv
flriufc If.
a cncvotso pvooodin^;
UH, *oia
7
7*<?
wiM
s%
ftim
^cnaJ^,
n'tJuuMit, Iw mil
a*
him.
The
fourth, ow, is
when a
radical o
is
preceded
I,v
another o with
>>
as,
^OQA
8fiOM-(fa-yo 9
ol
pwunw*
<d
*;
as,
Zu-\^#'to^,
</^^ Aff^
wwaled:
ol
before
l>v
*
^7
"
by
before
4.
The
letters
^!
15
letter,
men
jp^fA* mem,
:
7
')
polluted, V
7?
lie
comforted, |K
^
lie
polluted,
IfaL
\\&L] lie
A
he
was
decorated.
rests in
or
"; as,
^a]i>o to eat,
Yud
Tud
cfco to say.
sometimes changed
is
usually rests in
J^D
as,
or
as,
to beget, for
^^o.
*}* he begum,
X
but.
is, ^*>
Vau
deprived of a vowel
escent in
*
;
the fulcrum,
is
or, as
lectionis of this
it is
vowel ;
for the
It
day.
^o^J,
as,
is
;
he will
kill.
frequently found to be
as,
throne.
The
letters
be
otiose.
present tense,
^fcjif
^b
is
kot-loten,
ye
slay,
masc. and
fern.
16
also otiose; as, al^Lo Htal> they slac, 3rd. JMTH. plitr.
masc. *-^U>
prset,
prat.
J**4e
fern,
Tud
is
and in
KM,
certain affixes
and adyorbs
1^.
pronoun
iew*. Also in
frm.
sin}?.
-M
;//,
a!SAo
<
as,
plur.
pors.
///,
w///
Mark
//'////
some substantives
V
-*^j
f ln*n f
-*
v.
41
arc
weak
especially the
sometimes
3 (> ;
letter
omitted
^aj for
Uf**
afi,
compound words
particularly in
p,
xx.
rttMKt
as,
in
<*wrf
writing
for
^jp
z^l,
mutt for
initial radical
TfJKt.
radical doubled,
we have
from ^3.
Vau and
Afy,
Consonants
thus
MM,
also in the
WAJ]
3rd
slcto,
-asL) Viho-Vkek,
*
as
they
tital,
on many
tlio
Yud
full off in
an,
middle
them
he jwrwiwtfi
situations as in
bo immediately observed by
inspecting tho
of the classes of verbs
beginning with thoMn
Letters are sometimes added to words for tho wake
of euphony.
Thus, Olaph
is
p^u,
Tud
as,
W hand
*
*S*1,
x
t-^lj
* =
'
Olaph
-*J*l
=
is
for
V^Ll
5E
day
SC
In old MSS.
especially
very frequent.
Thus we
have
17
^^
x x
*$!.
x
Greek nouns, which commence with two consonants, are usually written with an Olaph at the
beginning; but sometimes without; as, UQJL^CO or
07*
Stephen
v?*riH stadium ;
'
]t*s&] spliere
*
scheme.
also in the verbs u*zu
We
and
have
where the
also
Nun
of their letters.
changed into
>
as,
1JT
gold,
...................
...
ttt
rock,
Itf
...................
...
is
ff
mow,
'
...................
...................
sometimes into
01
..
n^5
or *
..
^revealed,
H^Jl Juwwdered,
18
5.
cases effected
numerous
selected
by a change of vowels, certain vowels being
word.
same
the
as characteristic of diJQferent forms of
is as
follows
Pethocho
1m
tote
corresponds to Patach
(-)
as,
oa
king.
Revotso
"flp^fl
(')
generally to the
(<*)
thoushalt
visit,
^W,
\z>l,
Hebrew
Hebrew
as, j
Zekofo
(*)
to
Kamets
as, y^f,
075 #*;*
he revealed.
Btsotso
Kibbuts;
(*)
to Oholem,
as,
jl^,
Kamets Ohatuph,
holiness, tthp
^.,
and
Slmrc^ik
bb,ta
e/U.
^|
?
.
N^a|
joiik
Tud
for
>n.
observes the
same rule
at the
as,
beginning of a
t-S*
fie
legal for
THE VOWELS.
UHANGffiS OF
19
letter,
it
except when
beginning
was
}^i^for]l^the
slain,
j/vun
as,
letter,
for
1'vua
is analo-
<n
away ;
it
is
Zjns>
as, Zfjaa
But
he visited.
forte; thus
*if
Hebrew ought
yL people;
2nd.
and
to
have a Dayesh
are preserved
as,
state,
l^L;
^jo,
when
c2
it is
20
o<n is, is
followed- by
IrtJKOK.
so Hint
changed into Pethocho,
* *
ii
a diphthong with o
may make
it
is
lie
[1;
o<n
as,
cJoi
w-#-
fl^
lio-u<nt,
thk
to,
i'w
in
Transposition of vowels takes place, imperially
Many oilier
fp^; *ot>
-i
*V
*
f
>o t ^o^,
and
(terhiin
in
lakes phtee;
particles a iransposition
compounded
JIN
The Diacritia
6.
Kutlun
Point*,
tw<f
when
lotlcr,
placcxi l)olo\v y
it.
signifies
hardening, and in
softening.
In Manuscripts
latter yvo>
tlie
tluise
liitkok,
poinis arc
made
Kushoi
is
man.
of
But
if
one of the
foi,
letttsrs
te&^z
an
&
letters,
(p ww,
o
l,t-
receives a Itukok
o * precedes
=>>
21
one of the
Eukok;
as,
a creature;
If the
first letter
\^*.
The
chosen.
of the
**-*>
X
Eukok
as, ]&!.
break-
Eukok when
when
a spiritual father
is
meant.
Of those nouns
having
p.
1^.
and
l&o a house;
if,
Rukok
]2p a
daughter,
If the
noun
Ifticf
a female
AJ-^
as,
a garden.
]\s&&
slave,,
queen,
IOJA a
Eukok
as,
Uasoa a star,
There
generation.
are,
Eukok on
the third,
as,
a teacher,
1/fd
an
ape,
\L^^o a walk, or
II?-\^D
path,
fiua^io
an
edition.
Eukok;
* In
this
is
as,
ILyXo
spoken of as attached to a
meant.
candle,
letter,
ZvstSf^
letter
is
always
THE
22
ftejoi knowledge.
the
fifth
ETTKOK.
]ftaio/ adcKtioti,
as,
AND
]i*s&i
clothing.
take Kushoi;
if
as,
as,
It-p
*
1^4
1^
heifer,
Pour, however,
folmd,
But
splendour, &e.
t>
via.
letter,
Imping, and
chariot.
The
ceives a
Rukok;
)^1
<?ar9
after
letter
as
When nouns
*,
by
wwg.
finger, 11^5
,/{*>/,
re]j?l
l^u> a
]i^ a
wisdom.
be without a vowel,
if it
Rukok;
Exceptions are
ar,
having
]^a^o a wonlt
]**
darkness,
pitch,
If the vowel
a noun, then the third letter, if it have a vowel, receives a Kushoi; but if it bo quiescent, then it takes
Eukok;
it
receives Kushoi;
]&^it aplmt,
letter,
as,
]is^a vme,
^^a phlegm,
)is^
',
whether
it,
has a
as,
23
ffJm
^^ victory
noun take
If a letter of a
0000
*,
then the
following
Eukok-
'
*,
The
letter of a
if it
be
itself
after the
vowel
Rukok
as,
K*|as a coat*
-*3
is
Af
//
<-a,
no compensation
by
indicated by Kushoi; as in
verbs,
and o^ and
hard,
is also
and
hard, and
Uo^
> soft
yoy has
many
fzojl
^ soft.
instances ;
>
lie
soft.
24
the same
way
it&x&t
a
represented by
by o, x by
ccocuumicuLa
diuicliL, %\a/*&,
Xajwnfe:
*s>
and
of the Greeks
by
and f hy unb
^a;
uao^olz,
is
in Syrian
by ^,
by 4
as,
Philoxenus, uao^la
ca
as,
which
language from
must he
Syrians in Ih'm
the
respect followed the analogy of
have
John
iii.
wo have 'Apfa
it
Eelnw.
W<5
and
Uu
2,
Jfittliw.
iji
11*
tins
important to
would bo implied,
it is
pZ
tab-bar or la-bar.
7.
Many
both numbers.
to
Ribul
In such cases
it
hi
distinction,
Jb^or
this purpoHu
words
The following
Ribui
is
thuit,
THE DIACBITIC
POINTS, UIBTJI
5oo,
JSfta
wwe
-^V|
..
noun ending in
cowraZ,
(phi. fern.)
ttwj arrived,
(plu. fern.)
^c
he arrived,
plural
booh.
wu covered,
25
or
<JL
number
still
has no need
is
already ra-
the sign
is
often
added.
It is sometimes used with a
noun
of multitude ;
00
as,
Of
commonly
coalesces
]^
Jierd,
|pl
met*.
In
Moioi&l&i
hisfom-
To
as,
^001^ , ^-01^.
some exceptions ;
as,
>oja
and
some grammarians, do
<-*>^,
*,
>
26
LINES,
Besides the
name
v*o3$, wliicli is
given to those
by native grammarians,
Lines.
8.
A small
line is
ing instances,
1.
In abbreviated words ;
I
01
2.
When letters
as,
3.
s^
Particle of Exclamation of
When it is found
(2)
beneath a
It
is
to
particle o] or.
letter, it directs that
Imea occultms.
barth, a dmghter.
(1)
from the
numbers
13.
In the
letter is
is.
distinguish it
such
is
therefore gone-
found,
With Olaph
in
the
beginning of a \vord
W,
substantive verb
as, ft
&
LINES.
(3)
"With.
Ddlath when
before
Thau
(4)
With He
(a)
In
27
it
without a vowel
new.
as, liyl*
is
affixes
^a^o
he called Jmn.
(b)
In the verb
or
when
when
was,
loci
redundant3
it is
it assists
as,
he
^cnoZu]
|oci
he had ordered.
sense of to be,
to
was,
yna he
]o<n
exist)
the line
is
not
found.
(c)
In the pronouns
001
and
-oi,
my
(d)
body
when
as,
001
they
**
mn
it is.
Greek
,,
as,
-^cooTi
jRome,
}^o(7u a Jew.
(e)
(5)
With
**
in
^i**,
when
it
comes
after
the
7*0
^s
as, ,-x^
(6)
we
With Lomad
^ll he went;
<i
create.
in some
as,
l\\
will go.
(7)
With Nun
k/1
<^te],
LINES.
28
^al, and
some nouns;
in
as,
the ship.
<p
Bish in
(8)
When
a lino
<
is
of the imperative
found under u
mood
letter
in
a verb
of a passive conjugation,
is
deprived of
its
vowel
ii.
ethkatl
9.
Marhetono an
lottors
lino is
In the former
making
to run>
(^o
placed
first
Hcnmlinu*N
of tluwn
pliers.
from
^<yi5
fc
r),
and
in tlio
latlor
the
and
Tnik<^
a HyllnbJ^,
first
tlui
Tint
Th(*so
ntid in
pnH ry
Kpocinions \\hla\i
of JSphrnhn,) con-
line
29
0.*
When
i.e.
as, ]hQ\
i.e.
]J^^> fear.
words not
* *
is
haye no vowels.
its letter
latter is
employed according
is used only in par-
ticular words,
circumstances.
and
cannot
it
is
make
not
now
of
much
consequence,
if
we
is
* o
).
line,
on these
in p.
lines
satisfied
30
10.
vowel points,
(ni>
A
it
oiJL to li<n\
It
is
Command,
&a
for
also frequently
Admira-
a further aceounl of
]?or
this
j>oi)il
Appendix.
(2)
At the end of a
(*)
Two
or
(;:),
left,
finish
elfins,
^y
l^a
When-
ritfht.
UIUH,
Jt>Hit%
MM
the multitudes.
Hij^n
of
interrogation or exclamation,
(3)
Two
hand
Ml
comma
31
or semicolon.
They
are fre-
viz.
comma;
as,
|]].
One
(4)
On
11.
Olaph
pronounced as Tud,
is
(1)
When
(2)
When it is
it is
out a vowel;
peal;
Vau
as, )jLo
When it is the
(3)
as,
m* lay o, fulness.
tso-yem, fasting.
pronounced as v when
is
as,
o
syllable; as, o 00, *o ve, x vi:
it
begins a word or
in other places
it
has
the sound of u or w.
Tud
1
is
its
in the beginning of a
not pronounced.
vowel;
heavy.
Olaph
as,
sound of
ACCENT.
32
to
theYud
is
liand,
word
when
9
as,
by a
Eukok
loiter
or Kiushoi,
is
l>y
pronouum!
**A0 f
Uy^geatho, wool; li
after it;
that
liki*
Isuoj ^Aj/b,
as,
If z with a
#m#.
rr
o,
>^
mewy ; J^\
Bukok
coin
MMtiiwwL
//<'
o pronounced wln*n vj
is
plied.
Tlio promnu'iutiim
&c.
+>
\\V Ias<*
the same*
followed
either with a
d&;
is
W-
written
r%,
of either
is
;i
iii'tcr
^o wlirn
is
f/tf/t,
//<>
or u& 9 rat'h of
as
12.
fw
ruf<\s
for
the Accent,
1.
In words of two
syllables,
if
tlm
lirsf
?is,
\ltel ythu-#/Wt
<'/"<"//
SN II;u
l^r\.
/////
gdtvno, tone.
2.
If
conmmdwff.
manner,
still
as,
i~l6d,
is
ho faynt;
is
aflbctal
with
(iu
^ jw-M,
the second
uonl
pnf on
llu*
in
thai,
33
as,
The
accent is also
o;
3.
the accent
.*
? o
e>
,*
|Zau^o
mart-yo-nu-tho, admonition.
13.
It
me-khul-to 9 meat;
is
of the
letters
In Section 1
the
It
numerical^ power of each letter is given.
reference
to
the
table
by
exhibiting the
forms &c. of the letters, that the first nine numerals
will be seen
are represented
decads,
I. e.
by the
first
nine
letters,
and the
and 400.
The Hebrews
The
is
Syrians,
power of the
letter over
of arithmetical figures
is
34
which
Honor
placed by 10.
Hence
&o.
us
it is
also <J
800 and j
U=
*s>
500,
&
100,
000,
!>oo,
700,
'*,
900.
right.
will,
The number
of units, which
number of thousands
we
*-
denotes,
show the
loiter,
havo, therefore,
o - 2000, sv = 3000,
\
the, Jotter
1000,
HOOO,
0000,
Ac.
Letters having a horizontal lino subjoined, n^rrscnl
number
by 10,000.
1
is
donates ihnt
th
<o bo multiplied
Hence,
= 10,000, J3 = 20,000,
ca 200,000,
jp
feo
c^
300,000, ys
o,
lino
M 00,000,
400,000,
M 2,000,000. &?.
***
^
. .
-s
ll*0,00i,
,VKi,0(t<
^O/IO^MH),
20,000,000,
3,000,000,000, /
*\
s,
>
-V
30,000,000 T
over a letter;
^
^V
4,000,000,000.
by means of an
hand lo the* rijjh<
loft
as,o^ J,
^-
J,
|,
_^'
obliqitr*
f
pliiood
fiftf
^c,
HEADING EXERCISES.
35
^o =
^=
351,
it is
less
number on the
oaa]
= 1866.
left; as,
43,
employed
14.
as,
J>
VI.
913.
eve
N^^L^D
= 72.
Reading Exercises.
MATTH
^*
Ia
JA^3
^D ^3
Pf
^^Z
pOkCd^
)JO
sh'moc,
Ti-the
men
b5-sho me-tul
d'dl-loc hi mal-cu-tho
v thesh-buch-to Tolam
LUKE XXII.
0001
63
65,
A=^O ^>aA^
77
o ocai
v'chai-16
'61-mIn.
ooai
f*tf
M^CO
-^ 0001
7
.
cn-i 0091
HEADING EXISKC1SKX.
30
TIte
same
English Character*.
van
Tgav-re da-chi-dm
hvau
beh, yam-clia-pon
let
'al
a-pau vom-rin
ron-yo-tho
'a-lau.
1'yc-slui
sa-gi-yo-ilio
vnti
Viiio-clu'u,
IIVHU
jna-nu in'choc.
Varii-
loh.
cth-im-lK")
in'-vax-cliin
m'gad-plu
hvau
NOUNS,
THE
15,
r&D
king,
woj
as,
sacrifice.
consist
of the root
aug.
which to
assist (ho
**DD
diMiple from
<(%
altar from
^^
]>rimitivo
the
which
to
socond,
are
aa,
with tho
first radical,
nww8 s
Two words
aa, |k
zp
sacrifice;
qualifies
that of the
generally
radical,
nouns
and (ol)
signifying
persons;
ufalraot
called
"be
al)l)rcviations of words,
or ending in o
are sometimes
a word.
ZoJL, J/oJl,
as,
are
]iQ^s^9trenffth.
compounded in sense
joined l.ogether
eMMy.
z,
to, followed.
them
signification of
word
<-MS?
adhered
lie
and the
Thus,
memory may
o ** >o
PO^D
lord of enmity,
o.
in Scripture
NOUSS.
38
of
and Castell
Soliaaf
G'w/cr.
16.
Tliore are
two genders,
tlie
lu>
cttosai IiitAC)
Names
(2)
^13 Canaan,
and mountains;
^i^ou Jorflmt.
),
o, **
Z;
(t.
going
known by
also
is
the termination.
aj9er^.
ofwomni,
and names of
as,
as,
offices of
the double
office's
i'
Of the feminhie
the
their
of nations, rivers,
as,
fcl,
letters,
ending? with
ol'ihe for*-.
any
the {>rwedin>
in
Nouns
with a
consisting of
>o, if
the
first
two
HyllaLloH,
and beginning
of those BylhibUw
which
iLlLo
tf
is
Inffh,
as,
'
lt
t'lVs
)ap^
blessed.
then
to the
V 7
]Zup^
liav
Xekolb,
feuu
NOUXS.
nine, take Revotso
is
* p
39
But
the
if
Pethocho;
]t+
as,
fern.
letter,
not a guttural ;
provided
as,
]^1 a
noun contain
changed into
an acquaintance, l^aL
]^^
is
9 7 *
as,
l-'oi
',
|lj?
But
as,
lln^fem. \&A^elected.
Nouns ending with Zekofo only, and having Pethocho on the first letter, when they become feminine change the Pethocho from the
second;
fem
as,
first letter
il^o
to the
king,
Ifl.-Asn
this rule.
of adjectives
the latter;
ending in
as,
-{
Some
from
quiescent convert
it
is
|
derived from
to the end of
masc.
Those
into *^ moveable;
pure, fem.
adjectives
termination;
as,
insert
5^
Yud
small, fem.
jlja^]
Adjectives in ^
NOUNS,
seem always
9
to insert
_^ZA^
masc.
**; as,
]l^ol
from
spiritual,
0*7
obedient, fern, ]*
stale in ]Z,
clef,
when Z
one
irf
]2Ua icw
which
def, state,
\l>o] way,
omlhy
in the
fcll
**//>,
as,
sword.
lit'i*
Some nouns
common
On
]lu] o//rr.
are used in
termed common;
such
as,
|ili^
to0z^ \i&
l*AiCA
ffowrf,
&C.
5M7?,
The
same
as in
The
Hebrew.
yi^
an,
sind
jmrf tlw
tint i<>sl
0^
t aa A0/%
1BD and
^>)
tfM anl
car///,
iMtlli,
uiul
y>cu
^lc*4 A^/>
fern.
Words
Greek do not
own
ohwnu
fore-
tlu*
guilder, a>,
fom.
17.
Nwubvr*
tlio
singular
and
th<>
plural.*
1-
an,
,j
*
p^w<M r-p^
9
throw
aw,
\v
t!w
$4
buy,
.
*
t
i
There
plu.
ure
V
fern,
^Zj^,
throe
^aaic reprobated
cxotnpk'H of tlm iluul ntiuiluT,
V
ulw>
^*t\te and
*5*ic>,
vi/,
NOTTNS.
Nouns
41
of the fern,
into
change
plural,
*
<-*3>'.
P7
tions;
in
A few nouns
besides the
take
instead of
take
Nouns
on the second
]ofu
plu,
Aip,
upon the
as,
Uo^..
and
change the
|flu,
*-> s
into t*
on the
first letter
p
,
}*,
on the
as,
first letter
and end
and which
Nouns having
when
lloij
five syllables,
* *
the
UoS^
Others,
and terminating in
they become plural;
with
letter
from
upon the
letter
have
either
plural receive
Yud
as,
upon the
7
C^m^
on the
first
letter
immediately preceding
reprobated, plu.
NOUNS.
42
"
lo the
it*.**
Tud;
are
There
many
def. states.
insert
]1>&\
]ls>09
o9
[ton.
as, (his
jzoicl,
like
manner;
as,
UN,
lfiu>'c&].
gender insert o
'i
*-*
t>
|iicof
ci
<
////##, plti.
IH
hiHorlcd in
]&!&)
wfW
Many
the fern, in
tiio
,7
plu.
7*
*^a3oa wrowe,
^oi'Zj;
plu.
^ooijoo.
]Lic/ tor,
year, plu.
iZj ^/flrr,
*V*
as,
plu.
fern,
form in
tlio
ing.
^ic,
\^
talent, plu.
^14.
as,
m&ia
mid
as,
as,
),
1*3
4.1
sons of
man
or
mm;
'
(d ailg^tors of
word), uvrdt.
|thmil
s<tnu*tiuicH
<
NOUNS.
Some nouns
j^
heavens,
\^
life,
as,
o] father,
]'*\
as,
water.
43
^oo]
plu.
and
^ro|
There are nouns, which admit in the plu. two forms; but in
a different sense;
\lc] maid,
as,
signifies
is
plu.
"jZoi^DJ;
]i|.
jko
Zp
daughter, ^i5;
~
)kl
Many
house,
^Jio;
son,
]JUp
X
swter, ]ii;f;
as,
^%; jIjQo,
&c.
in the plural;
as,
}i^
SfyfAa,
termination 09
^uid^fcrj, plu.
OA,
ot9, so
or in uo*_.
18.
us],
l/l&o^o/ SoyfMra.
Greek accusative
ijoaa-fclu^ SiaBrjica?,
corresponding to
?;
joo,
plu.
plural;
as,
corresponding to
t?;
as,
States of Noms.
states of nouns,
This
is
indicated
by the
third,
called,
termination,
n before
equivalent in general to the article
a Hebrew noun. It happens however that the primary
and
is
signification
many
instances,
in the de
state
44
fi
either
nal
let
er,
Masculine Nouns,
19.
In the singular number the absolute and constructive states are the same.
The
by iho addition of
f to the
end of the
state of masculine
absolute).
Hence
In 1
deimife
cif
The constructive
is
|~-
changed into
state, plural
]1.
munber,
is
formed by
ascertain
the clumgcs
of vowels whirh
which
\\i\\
numbers;
is
position
constr.
and
1st, If
both numbers
45
i.
^la
which
in.
is
x>.^lo
^0^.0
alt.
"
or
^^lo
^.^Qa
11.
^-^lo alt.
^^Lo or
^.^lo
p^ttuw,
alter-
We
1r=^-
Thus,
Singular.
Aba. and Oonsti
l)cf.
>*
morning
6oo
servant
wing
captive
body,
mornings
servants
captives
Plural
Conetr.
Eef.
V
77
AT
7
46
remitting
C9 beard.
The
first.
we Imvc
2.
The
4.
forms are
Js^
anathema, ^ASU
^io
such
wliosi-
forms
kiity,
P^
lima.
in
soul.
the proper
Vta and
5.
a guttural or Rish.
^lo
husband,
is, (hut,
3.
are
last letter is
w, the vowel
trutli
nouns the
chan^nl to
in inflexion it in
makes
56^,
in tho dcf.
tho
(L.
*Vi
{^^
us if from tlu
*>
obsolete form
6.
-^Ji
wehavelikewi.se
^oLo
| f hpA-
as If from
and
la
T
njt
be considered as
belonging to tho same chws
p^.
without a vowel
when
Chevotto,
it
begins a word.
it
thocho instead of
w^
Revotw;
because thi
as,
is
If
niav
*
like,
of mmtiH
th<i
MIVIT
tofc
month t
^.^
us
'
letter
A0tfrn
the
nouns as
Hebrew
4?
segolate nouns.
is
states plu.,
!>
Ab. and
f.
Constr.
day.
Plural.
Consti.
Abs.
7V
^<-S
eyes.
Such nouns
as admit
no change of vowels in
inflexion] thus,
Singular,
Drf
evil
Consti.
Def.
this
is
WAO
as,
oka
look.
Nouns
48
if
syllables,
if
to this
terminating consonant, also belong
state
may
be referred to
definite state
^**^Lo
def.
IL^LO.
^X*
2.
as, |L]
remains in
possess
all
immutable,
/W,
}*G*
either
A few nouns
//?<
vi/s.
of
tins
Uu-im
fullimin;;
^a^^
tiff.
|*l*^ t\^,
segolate nouns in
as,
the $erpent,]Lti
form of the
it
UN w*l^*l&
^o^Z disciple.
explanation
clans
uk.O*0
tlin last
or
is
of wliich
PI
i-fa
(t
is
n<i
The noun
son,
makes
in the plural
3.
Nouns
of
Also ^cu
thus,
may
is
sons ; as if
it
were
peculiar in receiving
yv>
in Olaph or Yud,
49
ftj
syllable,
terminating
Such
are,
Singular.
Def.
Abs and
Constr.
Plural,
Constr,
Def.
Abs.
A few nouns
77
jsnVis, plu. of y*
20.
thus, ya*
people,
is
sea,
another instance.
o or &*; as,
*
victory,
* constr. Zoai
&]
50
ending
belly,
make
The
state the
w^
Tud becomes
f of the
info
al>s.
olian#
<l
def. fa^io.
word in the
If the
top.
belly, def,
Inthedef.
liavo a
is
P
jop
noons which
state of fern,
definite
masc. termination
as,
ns,
state tovniinafo in
abs.
qnioscetit
in
tlio
def.
ilu^
U,
and
stole,
Jin
torminaiiou in
if lh
preceding 'consonant takes";
in lit"
the abs. be ]o, then Van becomos <iuiosconl in
'
def.
Ex.
4, 5.
Nouns ending in
addition of
def.
Ex.
U;
6,
To avoid
*!,
o .1 or
**
those ending in
malco tho
tho
concourse
without a Towel,
z_ add only
winch
or,
of sorcm!
def.
by
1&*;
ili<*
is
the
sanw
vovrol,
(Iiiny,
nitnu'Iy
;
rr
(o
',
us, |li>|
lalisj.
Nouns ending in ^L
state fern,
in
},
consonanls
widow,
the
d( k f. l)y
8, 9.
assume
as,
in
JH
^o-^o
ijj
dof.
fern,
]Lii**'^D
siato
in
i-hr*
Hi-P.
See p. 40.
confiir,
dor! veil
STATES OF FBMINIHE
NOUNS.
from the
the def.
abs.
1S
53
derived
nouns.
Singular.
*
*
* *
JiuiP
Oonstr.
52
ff
In No.
-7
-V
we have an example of
1,
are,
2.
additional vow<*I
\\\
tlw? <luf* st
singular.
3.
removed
is
the def.
oharac,tor of segoluto
v<*wi'l
on
nul
itt
iuw
in
to tho i2iul
Hehrew.
In these examples
4. 5.
are jl and ]o
1st,
rad
in tho
def,
ffrmiwitiotiM
to the latter
Htato
niu#.
<*a*t
nn,
def*
6.
This
is
their vowels
as,
o$V
7.
in
which
l*b&rly,
O^OA
plu.
vk.^
CLCM prophecy,
is
hitnirlutun I
equality,
Nouns represented by
vowel in the
as,
or*, which
o^a military
is
placed on
rniv<
tiro
CASES OF NOUNS.
This
8.
In the plural
X
9.
is
53
we have in the
moveable.
plural
iL
sacrifice,
as,
|L
bride, plu.
by terminations
]~->+^ praise,
as,
fzL]
21.
oases
u*tt ablution.
oblique
by the constructive
state,
as,
^ ^1 lok ^
words of God;
&o. preceding
or,
Pio
]a
thus,
words of
God.
to Jesus,
God
tion of the
o]
Hebrew n%
!
woman.
|^.m\
to the
Ms fflory,
e. g.
Gen.
i,
1.
i,
1.
ADJECTIVES.
with the king, &c.
If one of the letters
the
first
radical of
which
\ be prefixed to a noun,
o
is
which the
0V070
as,
M $ brother, lp, M?
"
When
with
jfccs
rule
is
hundred,
Ifcco
or
it
is
**
had
previously
*
_
l^-^s,
a
'as r*-^*?
*00,
'ix
letters,
-*
lt*^*
consisting of three
or
ac
prefixed to a word
and a hundred.
But
this
also,
vowel, as
word;
we
for
we
the
noun
)&& a
f^is^
and
Adjectives.
22.
is
The Syriac
when placed
in cer-
of
holiness,
i.e.
as,
}!>*>
iv. 5.
hL^o
city
Also *a sub-
ADJECTIVES.
stantive put absolutely with
O
>
55
prefixed; as,
which
'
is
,0 ariAsij
*****
TO
not extinguished,
.
lit.
inextinguishable;
u*o* ^)>
<p<yiik
himself alive,
i.e.
7^
^0?
/0
(as living).
number
and
states,
^ojcn
he shewed
as in substantives.
masc.
and the
def.,
fern. abs.
but they are easily known the one from the* other by
the substantive or the verb with which they are connected.
The degrees
marked
by certain particles
The comparative
strued with
*
001
o$
^o
^,s> <-So
he
is
0PV
90x?
*,
^>L>
he who
^o
Ifcaaco
a two-edged sword,
is
lit.
^4
very
1
ffi&es
<^3su>
*.
who
is
it
as,
times added
ciiscaa
and connections.
receives.
M**f*o
much
2
(x*]
there
mwh,
is
some-
very ; as,
more than he
^o ^2u
X
The comparative
m,
is
sometimes marked
77
0V
as,
1^
]O<TU
*
]***&
P *
j
]>oiV"^ the elder shall be servant to the yowiyer.
The
superlative
is
often formed
by the duplication
56
NUMERALS.
of the positive;
by adding the
as,
^-^
particle *=4
#0^
which
Hebrews;
as,
is
equivalent
]*2a worst,
most honoured; or by
or as,
UM^AJ
*
least
of those
feostf
<pai>Q^i
as,
who (we)
o/
the least
i.e.
U^^u^o *-^o
b\sm
7 7
as,
ofkmys;
Apostles, literally,
the Apostles ;
or
it is
ex-
break one
frol]
Many
adjectives are
l*pp
tarb&row,
termination
\i
the adjective;
is
jlJj]
aerial.
as,
IIA-J
23.
Numerals are
Numerals.
either cardinal
(l^Uis), or ordinal
NUMERALS.
57
Ordinal.
BP
Cardinal.
Mw.
Fern.
.PP
Jem.
Has.
ft**
fi*
Constr.
T
."
jZ
|u3Z
77
Ofttf
Oonatr.
second
tUrd
PP
ninth
Prom
manner
Cardinal.
Fern.
Uaso.
t
eleven
twelve
NUMERALS.
58
Masc
Fom.
t^^'l f
ifl&LaJi
'*
urtee
'
/./
fifteen
seventeen
7
f>
7 9
*fpVi*sa/
ifflSftil^P/
tiightWl
77
wwaoto,
Ordinal
Maw.
Fern.
007
dewntk
thirteenth,
&c.
&c.
The law
for deriving
is
sufficiently
obvious.
Cardinal numbers from three are for the most part joined to the
thing numbered by Apposition either in the absolute state
707
'
..>
as,
25,
we have
<(
|ft
->|S" /tfliV
^n cities3 literally
a dscctidaof Gities*
eight,
Syntax.)
In Luke
i.
e.
i.
59,
to
we have LolcZj
eighth day,
?^/Wi
**'a;^A /iowr.
(Sco
Jico*
^^
///<?
NUMEBALS.
Denary numbers from 20
to
thirty,
*
^3',]
*
\+ for
^^Lcu*
*
fifty,
]u
00
2uio^
fem.
number
llo^o hundreds.
^g^j
Z
for
feminine
}\& a hundred,
are,
sixty,
masc,
as,
twentieth.
plu.
^Zu,
*
^aA seventy,
^2. ninety.
masculine, and
i>
plural,
^ti^L
*
twenty ,
9
the
^mk
* *
thus,
forty,
The
59
<fec.,
^^o
Also,
w^
^^
or
two
a,
foj^
tftousand, def.
PIu.
^oa'/.
jj
time, after
#rice;
Words
>
them;
yO
as,
-^l 2^^,
^aj
once,
lit,
one time;
thrice;
a fourth part,
^^v
ien^/*,
J/wrcZ jjcri,
&c.
by
and a
]^">t">
t^*
seven
f^> Kt
double.
i
The days
Sunday;
of the
week
|a,A3
^ fast
are,
ISAD U^u*
Thursday.
But Friday
PKONOTOS.
24.
PRONOUNS
are expressed
at the
is
by
they
particles,
The
.Plural.
Fem.
they
i. e.
following
e.
i.
Singular.
Pern.
Com. Masc*
Com.
Masc.
We
1st person.
You
001
?
001
ooi
and
pronouns;
i-oi
as, 001
]y3^hatman9
^01 |l&j|
thatwomm.
as substantive verbs
instance from
7,
elsewhere.)
to give
or
confirmation
emphasis
Eoffinan in his
Ephraim
Grammar
Syrus, T. I. p.
122
D,
cites
an
and he
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
adds
in
uU plwra
by
i/p8) ipsa,
and
MSS.
In
^1
and
ip]
latest,
ii.
or
and
ille, ilia.
we
find
only ^L*
as, <al
,-L*,
and occasionally
oS^o
<QJOI
after a
have filled
tliey
tot f
?<"(
]><j\
and ~oi by
oji
9.
25.
. p
001
^1
John
states
transitive verb;
them,
and
later ones
In the
<-i~(.
Amira
Ms Grammar that
*-*oi
61
tkis>
fem
\
^
fl
Ijci )
>
^
^, masc.
this,
MOT)
oa<n
these,, raasc,
{*^
these, fern.
^Jdi
01 001
he himself,
l*oi
**& she
herself.
and
IJCT
ttw
jj^i
7J
QJOI
*-oi
"
<Aw
and then we
>,
masc.
l^oi
fern.
with the
01
as a
expunged seems to be used
62
noun
suffix to the
See
to-day.
Mark
of which
<oi
form
is
>ocu
thus,
may
<<n
is
met with
as in
Ephraim
<oi, fait
this
In Assem. Biblioth.
T. I. p. 370.
Ephraim
day, or
suspicion.
also
this
and elsewhere.
xiv. 30,
tf<n
U^&*
Again, the
fern, joi is
T. III. p. 590,
joo
in
>
The
is
(See p. 60.)
26.
relative is
>
Interrogative Pronouns..
prefixed to words.
It
is
or
IKftj
office
signification
^f.
found as a
is
-?
The
interrogatives are,
of the person
^io
of the thing ji,
^&
7
^o
is
^,
]ii, <o>,
77"
cu
.*
001
and
have
who f
who
also Q*^n
-ul2
^aiail^
as,
is he,
what
^vp
V
01^0
is it ? for
coi
what f
compounded of
is
his eyes ?
Wo
AFFIXES.
68
masc.
fern,
lj*l
The
See Matth*
interrogative pronoun.
66
John
vii.
xviii. 1.
an
Luke
i.
35, &c.
UJ,
)t*),
<-JL] have
e.
lf^ }L]a
fyc. ; as,
zcith
what
how many
See Matth.
quot ?
When
become
John
is
vi.
relatives
as,
^1^
P>
who
enteretli not,
with
tlie
Tie
x. 1.
23
to
confound
flie
^o
The Greek
of course
particle
^5, /t&
shows whether
this
preposition
is also
^p,
written
or the pronoun
^o,
is
The
context
intended.
nouns.
They
AFFIXES.
Singular.
*
com
*-*
my
gender,
masc.
thy
fern.
thy
masc.
his
fern.
Iwr
com.
our
y-
com
gender,
tnasc.
masc.
fem.
28.
They
*+9
*
There
their
are
are expressed
possessive
separate
by the letters
j,
pronouns.
^j
compounded of
and ^> to.
Chald.
masc
ow^
their,
>nSi?
*
K
z^/w,
fern.
oil^^
<*>
masc. ; ^oi-^j
^^S.;
*
i
yoe^,,
fern.
their, fern.
by M,
and the preposition ^o ; sometimes the substantive
Distributive pronouns are expressed
* In the Jerusalem
Leotiouary we find y*o used for the
3rd pers. sing. masc. to a phi. noun.
affix
of the
is
dicated by
denoting &parf)
^ocmSio
thus, ^oauio
^\ some
41I^T>
of them, or
or VV>^*> tokosoever,
The
latter
pronoun
is
9V
to the
0*
or person; as,
^aa
l^a
j^coio substance
29.
We come now
to
Nouns
oiiooios A
with Affixes.
nouns with
The vowel
affixes.
many and
himself.
Hebrew
are
the termina-
Singular.
l^i
Def, State.
1st.
2nd.
pers. sing.
com.
masc.
**:&
ti*ff
w#
*M,<r
66
fern.
3rd
masc.
3rd
fern.
oia!^>
7.7
1st.
v n^to
plu. com.
pers.
2nd.
*.
our
2nd
her
masc.
t^"^ >-^
your
fom.
^ T ^V.vn
your
3rd
masc.
3rd
fern.
PluraL
7
1st. pers.
sing.
com.
"iSsSf?
masc.
2nd.
thy
...
^^.^x.y^
thy
.^^r>
our
^-^vn
'
2nd.
3rd.
fein.
fern.
com.
2nd.
masc.
fern.
**..**
masc,
3rd
,....
fern.
v.
your
..
'^'^^S"
*
3rd.
'
^.^^^y>
7
2nd.
masc.
3rd
..
my Mng*
your
^pm*J&o
their...
1.
The word
Nouns
state of
first
pronounced 3falk
is
*~^4 my
boy,
number the
the singular
in
which terminates in
*.*
]1 9
^a
boy,
form the
definite
of the
affix
\^4
the
otiose.
being
2.
i.aVfl
^oou_,
<^fft*_; thus,
<Q=U^ your
<piA/
boy,
their boy.
Such nouns
3.
as terminate
Tud
immediately before
take the affixes the
in the plural,
Pethocho
affixes
as,
\*lz>
is
Yud
first
an
changes
its
architect, plu.
vowel to
V^. With
letter
4.
plu.
and the
and the
in-
first
jjou>
person sing,
as, ^J<na
my
retain the
with the
and
affixes
priest.
on the
last syllable,
and
'
is
any other vowel on the preceding syllable, the
preserved with the affixes of the above-mentioned
'
persons;
as,
yow altar,
5.
'
***=>& altar,
'
<n|Sp
1.
my
altar,
^-r*c
&c,
68
with the
affixes of the
above-mentioned persons ;
blood, **&>
The nouns
my
Hood.
and
as,
jl^LSsD shade,
under the
linea occultans
first
Lomad,
is
Lord,
The reason
noun
)fi
is
is
is,
used in
its
place
**D my Lord,
thus,
brother,
JLOu father-in-
1st pers.
sing.
2nd
com.
-^l
my
masc.
yOZij
thy
father
...
2nd
fern.
t*oo3J
"
31x1
masc.
3rd
fern.
thy
^102]
his
cios]
her
*?
1st. pers. plu.
com.
^oa|
*
2nd
masc.
our
*7
^aaaa]
your
* v
The
2nd
fern,
3**
maso.
3rd
fern.
^aas| yew
^poioa]
their
^OIQS}
their ....
the
same
way,
^SQ~
(jj)
See
zy father-in-law*
obs.
4, p. 46.
7
,*
p, |p,
sow, has
**p my
&on>
their
son, &c.
30.
affixes are
used
for
plural,
and
at the
end of their
affixes
differ-
mentioned,
without a vowel.
The following
with
is
affixes.
Singular.
77
abs.
Pft
family, const.
&Sf*
def.
com.
|AJ3ft
7
^kDf4,
mV
y2o^k
thy
......
?n$
......
family
2nd.
............
fern.
1*
t
oifio*^
70
her
aitojA
family
com.
3rd
......
3id.
your
masc.
fern.
your
7*
^a^i*
fern.
......
^oata}*
7
2nd.
our
^2i3^
*
tlmr
oiZOf*
......
Plural
fl
1st
perM. slug,
com
mkSfA.
way
families
thy
......
2nd
............
masc.
fl
2nd.
fern,
t^o^OyA.
ir\
his
3rd.
1st.
jiiid.
2nd.
3rd.
pers. plu.
fern.
with the
wftsc.
fern.
affix
transfers the
ywr
com.
to the
foUowing letter; thus,
it
maso.
....
31 ........
Up
ft
fem.
daughter.
as, x
from the
^p my daughter;
p thy daughter,
first
but
<o^p
31
in
number;
plural
masc,, ^autfi
affixes of
thus,
these four,
7J
these six,
these
two,
these five,
^oauLiiflM
9 9
-3
<p<rujjicz
these ten.
tpouijffl^
*
When the
masculine nouns
<paute*s;|
affixes.
<p0u?
*7fl7
masc,,
71
ajre
ten,
^{mi>
New
Testament
number
to
X
in me, ?
find
*2y&l
CD in
we
his
twelve, speaking of
great
]?or
*
in thee;
him,
to,
from
Some
as,
^^
to
m;
itos
you; ^o
*
after,
the
particles take
7 *
affixes of
others.
me,
^^
**&
for,
&<jfor<?
mlead
#/^;
of,
as,
y>f
before,
so likewise
besides,
-^t
^ oor
near,
and
VERBS.
32.
rerb
is
of the
IN
triliteral,
conjugation.
few
roots have
are
Most
of the
quadrilateral.
The
roots
are
triliteral
as in
Syriac,
different
syllable.
^a,
They
derive their
conjugation
may be
observed.
Act.
Pass.
Peal
^>la
Pael
4.
Ityaal
Aphel
\s>]
m
EfktapM
Shapfal
\zL
8*
Mtaphal
Ithpeel
of the
simplest
VERBS.
73
All the passive conjugations are formed by prefixing 4 to the corresponding active conjugation. The
of the Aphel
is
ut of Shaphel
is
The Ethpeel
as,
gation;
^4-04
1st,
was
lie
2nd, It is reflexive;
slain,
as,
In in-
3rd,
Us and -aa4,
cording to
Hoffman (Gram.
and obsolete
^^1
lie
Pael
is
may be
as
4th, It
is,
ac-
p. 178), in intransitive
^m
Aphel ; as,
he conmended.*
is intransitive,
makes it
wasjwt
J3*1
same
transitive
ow]
as,
it
signifi-
the Pael
m fitting, Pael
tf.
as,
^l* he
This conjugation
often or diligently.
has'
sense in
some verbs
to tw/, i.e.
he sold.
a causative
7
To the Pael
is
sometimes assigned
what
tion.
is
As
the Pael, in
many
instances,
signifies to
on no certain foundation.
VE3LBS.
74
make or ccwse
do whatever
to
is
by the
made
indicated
to be
Peal,
to
do
it is
possess nearly
Tie
to think,
as, WOAA*
i.e.
he thought ,
o^
he thought,
draw near,
to
i.e.
In sense
it
is
as,
& he
&c.
whatever
signification
teristic of
The charac-
all
by
Grammarians.
and
"
much
rarer occurrence.
The Ethtaphal
It
the particle
z|
is
the
have also
^1>1
are acknowledged
jugation.
^? and
as,
is
Aphel
The preceding
are of
indicated
is
wuZ)
sm
from
See
yl*i&j shall be
Izj.
Examples
Mark
xiii.
darkened
24
We
VERBS,
The
73
by prefixing
Aphel takes
signification as the
and
to the root,
to quadriliteral verbs
much more
but
Examples
are,
t=&+
that Michaelis
made
lie
he
or caused to
made
perfect,
77
t*^&*
consummated,
lie
been referred
it
serve,
"
found so frequently
it is
and
By many
it is formed
Aphel;
*-*a*-
promised,* ^3$+ he
lie
announced.
Eshtaphal is the passive of the preceding conjugaand is formed from it by prefixing L\ transposing
tion,
The
7
.
If the
first
radical of a verb be
Ethpaal conjugations
of uaatAZ]
After
\,
wu^tap] he
the L
as, **29\]
is
as,
was
^]
wo^M
*&,
i,
-*, it is
he was
left,
instead
into
changed
he was conquered,
and
^^^1
after
into
he icas crucified*
unchanged throughout
VEK03S.
76
one or more
radicals,
^4b
will be
afterwards given.
Gram.
Sciadrensis in his
pc^o }jp
follows; Aicja
v
ff
fife \is]o
p.
>ota>
\*
<J*iStfj
y7
OoZ
|Du^Z
as
.
By
is
no doubt that
tense, not
name of a present
language
as Sciadrensis
is
much more
perfect than
tense
form^ajb
any
In Arabic the
viz,
*-'
.*/<>
the
In
is
it
is
intended to
at other
times
when
it is
VERBS.
77
preceded by
ft
h fts
but in numerous
instances the context alone can determine the tense -which this
is
so
JSthiopic
much
is
indefiniteness
Grammar,
calls
on
this
JETM1C tmpus
contingent,
which le
Gram.
The
p.
3S5,plerumque
different
in
Jmcjtnem
part, uswrpatur?
A negation or
is
used in
prohibition
is
an affirmative
expressed by the
The
it.
It has
an
we proceed
he was, and of
general conjugations.
is
peculiar in their
much used
in the
VERBS.
Preterite Tense.
Poison.
Future.
Peiion.
Singalar.
/ sAa^
or iviU
|ooi|
IOOTZ
t^ow sAo/f or
wz#
<-*ocnZ
t^ow j/wt^ or
w/^
AH
com.
"be
6e
6<5
masc.
feni.
(T'
IOOTJ
]ooiZ
he shall or
m^ be
Ae *Aa2Z or will le
masc.
fern*
VEKBS.
70
Plmal
1
|oou
n
*
wf
*-ndcir
shall or will If
corn.
ye dmll or will If
o
ye
slut??
or mil he
they shall or
ZPS/^ 6e
or will le
inasc.
fern.
masc.
fern.
to be
Imperative.
Singular
u^OOl
If thou
maso
fern,
Huial
masc.
0001
6e ye
fern.
Present Tense.
Person.
Gender
Singular,
lam
com*
maac.
031
art
*
fern.
XV
he
is
masL-.
fern.
VERBS.
80
Qendci.
Pluial.
Person
{0401
^001
we are
com.
ye are
maso,
ye are
fern,
they are
masc.
they are
fern.
pep
Participle,
Singulai.
loai
masc.
being or is
or ^5
fern.
or are
masc.
or ore
fern.
Pluial.
t-'
6a7i^r
^S(poi
by
which means the present tense of verbs may be exWe have also
pressed, as will be afterwards seen.
the personal pronoun in such an instance
lie is
good.
In these
in preference to
34,
<aj<n
We come next
cases,
^ju]
and
is,
which
^1
as, 001
<A^
are employed
and
to
is
the same as
the
Hebrew #\
manner,
VERBS.
81
}" IM!,
JHM
If to 2u1 \vilh
HH
iiflLves
Joari
^m^L*]
Thn vtH) ZJ
fit'
M;,
^*Z
twx.
si^nilirs
//;
////^^vhcn
it is
followed
by Ismail uilh
(lti
fe
.
prohonnnnl
allix( s;
ns,
J'1'n
ft
Tho
ticguiivo ibrni is
*l; wluttt
it
&,
'tit.
a contraction of P
niul
VKIIBS.
wo
obtain
we, Lc.
on
ilic
/"<'
'<.
have,
we
'
following,
A^
Or
l>y
-iui I
aurl S
mnmxmtf
*o
ili'^
^^A
nflixcs io tl-
w/
/*
.//,
ff/
not, &c.
85.
as
conjUKatioiiH, &o.,
roitdai' vorlis in
tin
Amoral.
V=
a paiwligm of
oxainplo of the
iuil.jxi.iu
ils
of
Prrot.3.
maw.
3. fern.
2.
UWHC.
2. ffiu.
['In.
1.
com.
3,
11 11
we.
3. fism.
2. iiutHu.
iZ,
fouu
1.
com.
Infitiitlu
hiifur.
JnuHC.
fctti,
P!ur.
iniiHC.
fdlll.
i-~
AM
Kut, 3. mtwo,
3. fern,
2.
muse.
fnii.
1.
com,
1'lur, 3. iMimc,
tin
fdfl,
ii.
TUIWU,
2. IViu.
Curl, act
[t.'l;,,',,
.,>..
EXAMPLE ^^10 he
85
slew.
Shnplid.
Ethtaphal.
Aphol.
* r
-
ZZl
fc
'
t>
<T.
Ealiiapluxl.
AQA
SO
IIKGUJUAJI VEU15S.
Obsmatnm
IJ6.
on Hcynltir
The Pwterifa
The
Idler of
first
he root
most part
times
it
of
mind
llio
WBS>
Atf
/ftf
<//?w,
/////
and
'
as,
of ih<\s*
ct^
ilius,
Also
htfntfj!lMl.
rI)s
as,
I
^.jl
how
or sensations
7/6*
a ditloronco
radieal
first
;
as, ja2U
in
///*
hut
in
7^cf
many
of Ki;ni(i(*aiion
^^o
aectonlin^ lo CaHt(H's
Me< <Hul
whoso
y( rl)s
/w/rr/,
///?
undn'
verbs and
^cro 7^
SN^5
A*/^/;/,
isOlnph;
in,stan(MH
denoted;
'
7/ti
///*
HonHM'(
/itwry.
'
^>>
^A
rfuluttil
mw/,
^<ro 1w
as,
6'7(V/^r/,
affectioiiH, qualities,
Iwt somo-
',
intransitive
has % especially in
gouorally without a
is
Yud
is
Lexicon by
^U lu'MHffhl.
have
fV<*<ju(jntIy
M/.
jnase-
fejn.
at lito
t ho
often
is
wrilien '-\^j
are,
fay
*//*<?.
Tbi
The reason
is
never pronounced.
as,
*'
^CU^D! *>**&*
^^ r( F' rs
'
*'
'u.
muc, and
fern-
87
VE1U3S.
The
which
it is
found to occur.
The
first
instead of
,j
&c.
^^o),
examples terminates in
Tud
as, ci&aoj
M^Z]
5.
some
P his
Seo
A very few
thetic
*>
as, v-*a*l
I*
It will be observed
by
pronouns
^oftj
The Future.
This Tense sooms to bo formed in the active conjugations by prefixing certain abbreviated forms of
and
^Q^U
W ^a$z
;
mood
thus,
^o^io and
for
Verbs having
prorforito, in
of the particle
zj
*
7
;
as,
^^1
a fow also
88
UJBGITLAR VEliBS.
*
liaveo;
as,
o^,
^,
OD^OJ;
A"*
?Q*^*
Those whoso
A low
a guttural or Hish take
verbs submit to no rule as to tho vowels which they
third radical
is
We
as in lh*biv\v,
iicn,
J,
no third
probably
It is certainly
somewhat remarkable
JKthiop,
that
Nun, when
Syristc in
from
end ;
foxnimno
Yud
and J^a^bz
thus, .*iA(fe
tho saiuc
it
SB
tlio
prefix
for tlio
Yticl.
jcctural explanations.
was
writt.cn for
follows
by
not at
all
fuit,
Yud by
mistako.
This opinion
cx|inAsmi
concur,
" A'M
tlnci*
i
pnxiiornt. 3 p^rsonat tmiltit* Hiis|n r4niu
litterarnni
Yud
ot
Nun iiwUwl
of
figura
f'acillinnim."
Yd appears
<^i
at
flu*
similliinn% in
In
wo conhitW
same litms
that
'Uid tltut
REGULAR VERBS.
Nun
is
Yud
so unlike
sible one
in pronunciation that
we
is
nest to impos-
pers.
is
is
is
universally
Yud,
Nun
for the
Thero, tho
its
to
obviously inexplicable,
Tt is better
An
it
letter
therefore that
89
But
may
account
receives
whole of tho
IT.
infin.,
which
is
regular; thus,
Tho
is,
in that conjugation,
he exhorted*
fafmilwe.
The
prseformativo.
Tho Poal
is
masculine,
Mom
The others
Imperative.
o^U
atfk
90
UKGULAJl VKK1IM.
and under
it is
placed
llic
Uuea OMwIluus.
This peeu-
luu'ity has
of*
manner.
Nun
is
paragogic
Tho
^o^o
Jlolmnv
with %
with
all
l\
aclivo J*articiplo
noun
])nrti<n])inl
Vnu
ariwH from
On
conjuga-
for
,l
^,4
u*
IVa-l,
insrHcd
is
KaL
in
lite
This cirrnunslanco
vo\v<*l
**,
lut
tlio
';
The. participles of
^^s^o.
as,
toriio
Ibrni
hy prollxing
M<m.
Tin's lottcn IH
pra>
is
very probably
o lhat
In
ow<f tt/tn/htff.
i.e.
llio
^4^0
iw
//^'
otniiiedand Us
vowd
From
tho
verbs of tho
last
ivfain
th<?
</
to live.
rad.,
Thin
I.
i>s
21.
in
a,
pr<j(ixe<l;
MimilmM
especially
ailvO
lott(r
'
IntruiiH,
verbs;
on tho
91
YB11BS.
*WiA
^4
taking up,
ing, &G.
This
p.
changed
^^oZteo for^.cJf*
See
is
74
37.
few;
The
gutturals produce
only
the
for
changes as
is at,
WM,
^>
is
w*-^o
as,
participle
ff
wor$Mjr>pi</ a
w ruSp
In the
v
glorying,
iu
V V
I^D
p^J.
ir>
have a guttural for the third radical, the second radical receives
V 7
a vowol;
as,
<n
JpZ|
for
Jp4-
The verbs
D he
as,
consoled,
]^l
he dejihd, \L he polluted,
38.
(form
them;
%M and
thus,
is
VJBRBS.
i;
M
7
f/wt
^*^
iu]
"M-s
001
I'lui.tl,
7/'/
rSM(.0
The
by
(.ho
ihird JXM
ad.
S.
phi.
ffl*
is
ttltor
ttw
fl
^vnornlly
<
.\
pressed simply
ff/r
tho participle;
in
a,
W ^f W
without tikifrlwH.
as
I*)
/)io
first
1-to p
}a|
I
IHK
IREEGUT/AR YEBBS.
93
and
^L^o
^u?
participial
form
as,
r>
looi
^Lo
was
lie
slaying.
to the prsBterite
a
tense; as,
it
But
if this
will usually
verb be added
make the
locn
^^U> he had
pluperfect
slain.
is
it
praeterite,
when
IRREGULAR VERBS.
39.
LA&QE
from tho
fore-
going paradigm of ^^Lo, and present many irregularities in the process of conjugation.
They are pro-
VJ3UHS te OR
being
Nun;
or
by
by the first
second and 1hinl
ilie
Fmlwd
Hie
classes
saint*
Hie Jlobivw,
(Jhaldee,
family of
Inii-
guagos.
Wo liavo awn
thai
is
and
is
liuully
1.
<u
of hr^vifv,
wu^,,
class,
it
for
sbii'l
aL, i^u
is
(Mnplo\e<[
\MI-I,,
M ^l*
thr
tlu-e
utitl
is
to
tin*
I,
letters hi
tuitldli*
tf \vhieh
i-
the
that,
In
/w
/>/'//rV,
and not
jLrf,
r lx*.
j}
or
as, ji
r>.
ihcj
in
tho Olaph or
Yud
beinty
\\\v
evisf
Olaph
See
|'
nuae
or
be observed
\\hieli
iMiln-iil
<f
rfidi'al
ihirl railiVal-*
for
(ir
de
to
td/.nim;
vt*rlis
by one of the
or the seeujul
In accounting
(his
Yud
rQ
^,
j^orj.;
which
in
13, W,D
'^io
the conjujcaiifui,^
thus,
(he verb
v<uels
second
VERBS
would begin a
fc
syllable,
quire a vowel as
much
OR
95
i-3.
re-
dition is
made
to
Olaph or
Tud
begotten,
o^Ul
thus,
were corroded,
they
**+] I
jugations, the
diphthong au;
5.
as,
Olaph and
Tud
I shall
eat, for
^oa]]
tL]
u* is
I shall
fut.
changed into
I ;
beget, for
Peal,
^os)
as,
and the
] .
infra,
as,
7.
is
ticiple it is
in.
in the other.
In
90
VKIUS8
OR
1-3
i*0.
It
vowel
but
D]
% tho
is
when
The
jn^iLions
is
ItmcnlwL
coded by Thau
is
iV('<jiu
ns,
first
iw
iho
*
i
tho
-*jzzl he
is
oksorved in Iho
tli
Ls
first
IH
thm^ mow*.
-
1hc
A similar rule
"
Ml
as, '^osj
if
8.
first is
as,
tLL] fron
Thau
for
Yud
Olaph or
1),
'
in R( neral in
k
or
in
Tho
lull
<r
is
soiwtimrs cluui^
Tho verbal!
he dt^ttrtfilt iiiukva
ito
umod nf
iniju'rativ*'
Similarly
M /r
Th(; *^ of
as ofli'U
n^ulur
JIM
''Vijj
it
vcrli,
In
tlio
when
(Hi|,rlit
ami
t^
it
iiKsmrf
luivi*
Zsiin
l>,y
Ji
ili<*
vowel of Lomutl
pansivd
the \owol
[uirt.
f<*<j<i,
w*2
luis th
vowel fhi
HIUIII*
in
rulo
////v/
anui*y ut
flic
is
withnut <*m-
r4*mitk'd to
Xain;
iuntod of*
an,
uaAl /^A/,
Itoitu
vcrlm
li.
i,
tl*
hi
VERBS ^3
Tud
remitted to the
tn is
ooi*
in the verb
97
is
*;
its
because
vowel
is
first.
we have
In lie imper.
in the
The verb
^o*] he sucked.
ejaculated,
]1]
changes the
final
into w*
w2u] he
as,
brought.
wu^&
the
drops
first
radical
as,
01 as
the
for
so
Heb;
and
is
Arab.
P9*tfT,
changed into
imperai
thus,
^0*01
believed;
as,
he knew,
flit.
^^o, imperat.^?
lie
.DU
he
set, fat.
41.
Verbs
ou
infin.
^ ta ,
infin.
v^2\^D, imperat.
^.
i
to
this
is
class
of verbs
the rejection of
Nun in certain situations, and tlie rule is this whenever Nun is at the end of a syllable and without a
:
OS
VtfRBK
^U
\
Wo
is rejected.
it
have
for U5Q3JJ
*
for caauj
impor. Toal
tlio
iho boginning of
atti.
The
of
reason,
^s
Nun
Ihro^n away
*xoa for usoru, caa
as,
1^1 lor.
is
elision is
this
and
The
it
Ptu
lithpool,
thcvolbws
lias
fc
and
its
lor
mvl\ a
iw^locstcd
in
Verbs of this
l>mi
ai
Hw
porhQ]>R
va])idi<y in
<n
*,
is
tlio
word
tlio
u&jc.
from V^EJ.
it-
uisio for
inf.
N(M~)nik 9
In
^=J
Peal
therefore ful.
aw
class
all
ih<Mr forms.
not found
in IIu
nulical
lh
Khnphrl
pa8ivc oonjugation.
The vowul of
tlio H(<*ond
in
fttf,
and
lar verbs;
//^'
Juwft
thus,
lake,
fie
JBCJ
the
mil>
vowel
**&
lint
///'
O-M
At
jj U Jltwwl
and impcr*
The
^a-j, Zcul,
to voriw of this
(ilasH,
whcsu
Nun
tlie
dou* not
jj>ly
VERBS o^ or
is
99
*-i>.
letters
he ascended,
jcu^fio
is
is
He;
inM
gp
as,
imper.
*&&&
forms
its
inf.
Aphel.
is
occasionally
thou wilt
down, from
"bring
42.
Verbs
o^
or u*^.
may be
hended in one
letters
These
class.
Vau
in the vowel
is
power
is lost.
Vau
is
2.
,
,
2o*
Vau
When
Tud;
for
'
as *p&Lt\ for
>oo,
*
fern.
Vau
Yud;
as,
taken away,
is
yw
for
H2
CONJUGATION OE VERBS
300
tt'ttl.
fan,
L.cuiu.
PI UP, 3.
1111W(5,
1$.
fon.
2.
ftm
l.Colll.
indiiiiivt
Sii
(hipcr,
Plur.
Fut, Si
ii.
1.
tmm
fun.
^Qftj
1'hir, 0. ILIUM?,
,'t.
fun.
2. inutu*.
Purl,
act
pUMM,
Rid.
vi
&. foin.
ii.
Ktliptvl.
\>.
VS-a]
Etlipaal.
EXAMPLE,
Aphol.
<M
eat.
lie
101
EUitaphal.
Shapkel,
EshtapM.
Aloof
V.
7. *
k,l
*
>"a
n\*\nVn
^7
XOOA.J
,-ioZZ
"
*,
O^-D oZZ
IK
CONJUGATION OF VERBS.
102
Poal.
Prujfc.
Smg.
3.
maHO.
3.
fern.
a,
fern,
3.
iasr,
U.
ft'iu,
Plur.
hitinilivi*.
littler. tSin
ffUJ.
I'liir,
IVia,
Fut
I'lur,
J'urt
IS.
xnnw%
3,
fern.
I*
com.
-'}.
ititiHC,
.'K
ftun.
U,
fotii.
I,
Coin,
Ethpcel.
07770^*
70^
*J
A
77<
>*
7^7 0<H
*
>.
77<*r
*A
70^*
.
1770^
1770^
0^770^*0
*
*
2
ft
0^*^
7
'71^
rt
1770^7^
1770^7
80T
104
...nni
Afel.
he went forth.
MhlufaJ.
2. font.
1,
I'lur.
coin.
7 7
& maw.
ooo]
>ZZ
7 7
3. loin.
*
uaZZ
77
fi-iih
,-noZZl
Tniinitrivi\
ImjK'r,
nifiwi.
S!iif(.
fwn.
.,017)ZZ]
I*lr, tuust:.
ft
Kui,.
Siitft
it.
IJ, Jiiiur,.
ll,
IlULSt',
-*.
feu i*
Plur. 3, JIKWC,
furl, act,
It,
font.
S.
maw
li.
ft'liU
1.
corn,
toodZZ
UDQOJ
VEUBS
Qi
Olfc
105
wi>.
is
There are some verbs which preserve the o in the Pael and
7
joined in matrimony.
Vau
nounced Yud.
the vowel
*
is
is
changed into
*
.
is
radical is a 'guttural or
See
pro-
Risk
37.
Throughout the Ethpeel conjugation z of the syllable z| is doubled, except in the 2nd. pers. and 3rd.
pers. sing. fern. fat.
Dagesh
is
made
forte.
class are
(1)
IOA.
Yud
for the
was dmnk.
(2)
Such verbs as
*^offl
is
markec
108
CONJUGATION OP VERBS
oi>.
Peal.
Fuel.
Pnet. Smy,
"5,
mawc.
&
fern.
-. frru,
1,
I'hir.
com.
'I.
muse,
Jl.
finn,
ii.
iniust',.
a.
Ami,
m 7
J.
a*o
com,
JaimiiJvi',
Sin;?.
HUM',
>cueZZ]
i<-m,
riiu\ xiuihc.
ftMlU
|(
t*
<
>CUOI
* v
.
fi'in.
>OU6Z
-. IlilKiC.
r,
3.
>oloZ
num.
v Sfl.i.Ql
ft
2.
* v
yucu
Part, act,
770^07^
1
[7 atf
IOG<%g; in so
[7^
60T
110
VETIBS P,
the Olaph
thus,
is
2^^
cither taken
ZuX^.
that Oloph
Yud
into
is
beginning a
away or changed
middle of
syllable.
fern,
ll^,
as,
fl^
l^*.
fern.
JJL^>
3rd
conjugations,
gender according
on Nouns;
pcrs. sing.
of all the
priot.
quiescent in
*
;
as,
w2^s
4th, Tin*
infnK
in other respects
Olapl)
',
IK
ii
fn ibo im]K
fit.h*
iw
subject to tlio
is
ii
Yud
Bui
and Uthpool
INwtl
mkcK
rule; but
regular.
r.
chnngod inlo
in ilia lattor
lt
in
ilu %
Hin^. masc.,
former
it refits
a diphthong with
ilm
in
oiltor
v
;
in
thua,
coTgugations
or passes into
In the
fith.
in
*
;
away.
^ ((uitwuMii;
Killed
In the
l\n\wr*
ftit.
nin^
movcablc;
an,
inaHr.
tcno and
thim,
the
participles,
aflixcH ^o
afilx ^
and
Olaph
it
IB
rests
taken
VE11BS P,
111
radical
part in
In the
as,
plu.
have
<o2u\..
prat. Peal of
T
,7
them ;
wK7io]jo
is
we
Iu some instances
^P^the
are annexed
when
affixes
preserved
o^^and ciX^for
the Olaph
to
k*X^
as,
*0io TV*
oji^.
Some verbs
Mark
Acts
xvii. 14,
x. 49.
thus,
Plural
Singular.
is
AN
is
It is
In the
as,
AX
*-M
in the sing.
numb.
impor. Peal,
and 2nd.
pors. plu.
h*
* r r
!
!
P ?
(f/
nn
U.V
7
F-'il'o.
Xp.
t
113
EXAMPLE, jL he revealed.
Ethpaal.
Aphel.
Etlitaplial.
Shaphel.
Eshtaphal.
0-^44
^4
n^N^
ft
A<vT>
11
VKUUS
i<
45.
Vcrhs
"s^.
"^,
/V/7/.s-
tthioli
awl third
radicals
the
With
first.
tin*
peculiarity in (heaef.
is
The
retrnlar.
quite
pm-t,. Peal,
lie
Kthpec'I,
whole, inflexion
and
Pael
Etlipattl
Hut lor
regular.
flifH\Vf>la,st
conjugal ions
tlio
.al^,
f
rh<
U>e
down
nml
inipcr.
up
s^b-A, rtnd
IVal
fill.
\o\\<-l
<|MM
lor
L-uHw**,
v5>
re<Mi\e on tl.
according to
(he
fornis hi
for
re*?,
rnlo laid
tin*
vcrlm
tluin,
<^
it'!// rft'ttiw*
///'
|J
l't*al
is
p,
changed
fivvj^v
the (llafth
wjnl> IH
II,
usually taken
in
is
il
jn*imoniic'<d Jlt*-ffMi
(o Uie
]oai
th<^
as,
Olajdi wilh
^j,
^v^-
its
vowel
Hoind.inicH }
iw retaitu*d,
%
t&li,
formed
The
as,
as,
(tan. j)|l,
plu. winwe.
J*il
is
regularly
passive
partiei|il<*
^t(\
-*X,
buu*
Matilu xxi.
O!it|ih
in
f<r
ho
^)^>
radical
5.
wcoml and
third radicals
OBJECTIVE AFFIXES.
In the part. Aphel the middle radical
The
as,
^*^^l^o
is
sometimes retained
shadowing.
N B.
115
The
as,
n-^|v^
is
to
some-
kve.
both of
46.
We
as,
may
which
its
We will
first
give
the Affix.
Plu.
Brag.
*!
<JL
imper.)
(^JL
imper.)
Oi
2nd. pert. masc. Prat., 3rd. per*, fern. Prat., and Nunpreced,
Sing.
HQ
masc. plu.)
2nd.
fern,
plu,)
110
CONJUGATION OP VEBBS
Aylirl
Ethtaphal.
Pnu*.8in&3. muse,
j
'
3.
fern
3. tern,
j
1.
*,
C011L
*J,
maso.
&
it Mil.
2, iiuwc!
1.
IVm.
V V
T
1.
IUIJUT,
Sni,".
rdju.
imiw.
pzz
PI
'
-P)
qco
Kiit.
Siu^.
,%.
optj
uiitw-.
[
3, f,'tu,
I',
tlUtHC,
1',
It-Ill,
piZ
T *
1.
crmi,
?Z2u
*
ftm
f!
I*lur. 3, inmk'..
ft,
fiLDZ2tt
7 A
ft
tpVvS/Z
#
y.
tttitu
ilSuZZ
t
EXAMPLE,
Shaphel.
i>=>
he destroyed.
Esttaplial.
PoJpel.
EthpaJpol.
>=>=
7
opp
OBJECTIVE ATTIXKS.
118
Ptwel preceding.
Iln
Yiul nnd in lh
ft will no!
yond the
liko
,l*eal
NeilhorwIH
Itir
it.
Fuf.)
it
be,
1>
^fivcn.
neeessnry to{;iveexniuj)Iosofirre?u-
wlw,
nnd of
Htrikitiff peeuIiariiieH,
Tho
first
ailixofl
of lh
would
1)0
v\
rwijjroeal,
which
!H
usually
x])n
RWl
l)y
certain, (jonju^ations*
also
eacli
]xm
the,
^^10
There
is
ttflixcH
tpcr
The
two forms,
Verl)
^]
119
OBJECTIVE AFFIXES.
V
becomes
Praterite.
47*
maw. ^S^LD
3rd.$ers. sing.
^2
you, masc.;
-oX^
v
o\jLo
maso.;
......
them, masc.;
Ihee,
......
......
ATO,
AiXi^
^1 ^^
......
......
hast
tJiou
%m
Ifcm maso.
^S^lo
-aMi^U>
......
......
^U)
them, fem.
masc.;
fem.;
you,
^oj]
*
us,
......
thee, fom.
Jier,
......
he has slain.
thee, fem.;
......
......
her,
^m,
you,
fem;
cn
^wl
fem.
sing
slam me,
CH^^JD
^i ^^u=
......
......
her
^0%
^oa)
fom.
OBJECTIVE APPIXKS.
Ikon
muse,;
<-*^^J
<**]
prr*.
fnn.
M/w,
......
masc.
oJ^Io
......
///^, fern.;
"
v
,
muse,;
^u^o
......
///;//,
fim.
fl
......
ninttf,
hint,
rr^l
AZC^w
l&fc
......
..... ////'/,
fiim.
......
^4] ois^o
......
A/?/
^Qa)
oik^p
M**w* t
......
mane.
///
oth<*r
mane,;
form lMHJOiin
2nd JMW.
Hirif(,
timtus
......
yw/, fern*;
The other
w^
forttt
bwmun#
HIII^.
maw*
t'UMj
'/^//
.....
'//
c
r*
*/"///
S;w
*
;////
wfl(/ v/T*
OBJECTIVE AWTXKS.
122
P/u. nwnb,
w^O^OS
2mL
pert* wane,
Or w-OJO^QS
......
or *-*oi-aa^ao
Mt\
^aii^OjC
......
//////, en
......
mr
or ^qui^afljs
^O^LO or
...... //////,
...... ///v.
//^r* fVin.
,,.,.,
/it'/
1
.
thy*
nuiHO,
al^cs or
pcrs, f<nn,
or ,iU^ajS
......
Ol
LiaioS^Ai
......
/^
fern.;
<ni^o^ or
OBSERVATIONS
;irr/.
mast*.;
0>r
per*. /tow.
iaaS&oa
128
OBJKCTIVK AFFIXES.
X
//<w, finu.;
......
masc.; ,-*ail&w
t
//////,
CrUU^tNOJ ,,,.,.
Parliciplrs
///'/'.
nn
th
name
Hwy
with //J^>*%
11 will
1* olmcrvcd from
chan^H;
^us,
(bus,
\vhnt
in UP (s<u* p. 110),
\\\(\
wmw
WMsonil
thi
vouri*!
Hlx<%
siniilnr to
\\\I'H']} is
raiiirnl to
of Imth
({iMidivji
meond
Uw
wliorr
in
In
w^ond
V^;
Olapli
And Ynd
)K>tli
rud* it'tnin
it
in
^&,
iouiul in
to
h'tliTH
prewTve
tmrwrna* plu,
tin*
JH
Imviiig Olaph or
may to referred
*hm
in
v<i(l
vowH.
lofp*tlwr without a
sv
ri'iuits
tin*
it tok',*i flu 1
*xnmpli
1
on
1h<> for<fjoin^
Vud
luui
htivo th
and Yud
wtmc*.
*
j
wlum
OBSERVATIONS ON OBJECTIVE
Pool,
first
manner
The
i*mo
affix
which oud
is
the
conjitKiifions retain
in tho same
tho
AFft'IXfcft.
(linnet*
as in Peal.
in o sen-vile; this is
the
**a
after those
<*nse
throughout
coiijiifjationa.
In
Peal
t!io inftn.
tlio
Innt
vowel
is
taken nway,
hut
if it
us
form
it.s
in the sin^,,
affixes.
The vowel
o in
in
romiited to the
iirnt radical.
Paol, A])liol
vvlirn
the
hnpor. a^t <H with the pr*l. east away the \o\if! of
i
or
an
as,
^-^^-o^|
radir;l
1,
retaia ttu*
OH,
Tho
.i
M*
and
pern, of both
JJrd, pern,
KIH^
wan bora,
i>f
2ntl,
JHTH,
both Kewler
aitd;
but
it
lost in ihe
The wrb IL
r
Tho forms
Imp.
end
'whieh
Aphel and
Pael,
irith
in
},
annexed
Shnjiln*]
in
.')r<L
^?
the
rr
Tluwo
iw
>
t.\^
*
>
**
v uliii'h
channel Into
|>at
cruik^i;
'*
ending in
>
m,j
sinty,
prrs.
^u^, ^i^
is
removed, although
forniH ofth<jfvi*rh
IVal
vix M prcd.
and
23
others.
bo<h vowels In
"
j,
in
Much as <Jo
iaine<l
us,
There
in
^*i*X^
Maoka^
Tito
yA^j
or
they eliatw
o into
^o&^ %NaoaS^
fonn u% which
pm*t
in
that
o,
itt
or
co
either expun^od,
%
and
a,
**ioJL^.
c|;
}oth
or
tin,
in ^.,
arc retained; ai
aj&jt
lie
vowd
inoveahle, or
CONJUGATION OF
120
AflU Sing.
Prut.
VEIVttH
|3
WITH AFFIXES.
2 K.iiu
Mn^*.
mm A
IVftl. 3.
,'l.
ffllL
JJ.
IUIIKC.
font,
1.
com.
!-K
nmw,
Vlur. il
'
*v
ft'in.
r>.
r-*^.
k
I
ii,
urn HI'.
a. fcmi.
i. I'dtlt,
"
,
I*IMT,
ftwiw*.
Siiitf,
^t
t
.X
"
^
.
<A
fciu.
Tliir.
t^,
I),
mu'e
Phir.
Ui*luiiiH
tlm finn
<l*
the rirular
vi*rl*.
I'lur,
r
flto othiir
fin |>or,
3 nuuut.
pomourt follow
Hii^, ninxc,
Pitir,
fl'f.K
X
***^
faf
,'t
Muse.
127
revealed,
HI-HI,
1.
llur.
"srSi ...*^
loAAs
I
o^
r^
5
SUiM wro
ho wtim muniH
1
r&
r.
'
K.I.I.
OBSERVATIONS ON OBJKCTIVB
328
Thoro arc
many
wry
gogic forms,
2nd. pare.
the
shift,
3rd.
and
2nd. prrs.
iiiHtfincas
arn mr
U. This
tluj nflixos;
bolh ^cndorH;
oi*
to
^ol^
KB,
lli<
nrul tin*
!lnl.
*
Olnph
in
v*uio|
*is,
IVal
ilio
flu*
it
roininod with
winij. ftin. f
ft*nu fut.
inf.
with in
and
Isi.
fom.,
MUJ:.
jiuro.
plu. print.
////;v
An/v
M\t
/^y^'
John
//////>
\i,
II.
It ;
**ijatt
ii.
tho
ttttttixos
auothor
tltn
thnni^h
In
(*ur.
JoetoAs
*
wing, fimp;
In
xii. ft!
vhs.
utted ffr
of
cmvli*iwmi
t!t
w*
^wo^
luivtt
i*i[HK*MiIIy
IK
t^xi
isliroi-H.
tin
Iwfiin*
in l*n!> Muttb*
MW*
t!ii,i
Sn-
hi*
of
nrt'l
lf
(lix<*i
i\
*('
ujinim
fli'r
plwn
<rnw. S\n
lln-
ii.
ix,
wmwfiwc* mUo
in
i-Kani^l^
I!HI
l*s,
i\w lu^t
ihi*
/ w/// i**
'
Yud
?///',
If.
//r////yy
wf
p.
V*l Iwing
iv
tin*
much more
affixes
Mf-7/ /w/i*f/
40,
The
A/M*
I.H
fre<iiipnily
than
I2i>
tin*
jinny IJL',I";
irregularities in
\erhs,
lun
il
'
1JH
<pn
'
J!n\*!d\
inir n**
nuliivt
vOtit-h in
observed, nre
i>r(MliHM<l 1>y
third rndic-als
Ilio
T!MTM
wtnu\
Of our*
<jUit^<Hnjc(^
a,,
it
In
IIKI.V
1>*
rtMf
hni
mihjrci in elision
fhn
disappear or I
qmVsmilj for the principlrK on whiVli thrM* jM*tMiiiariiufH depend cannot operate ^iinultaiteously hy fiy
Utno- that all
eonihinalion of circumstances so aw
edect*
will therefore
follow thai
It*
produce thU
lettern uf
HOIIH*
U Mill he
the sarne tiine J4nhje<t to defeet,
cle,n( to consider a few itiHttnicm of donhly
at
whiah
1st.
mny 1w
third Olaph
a,
snfll-
dirktad
ftrni
radical a
Nun
IMIC!
thr
Ohipli
ifiilin)
JH
Nun
in
im^ilatcuL Ho
t*
when) (ho
ISO
IjrADItfUTKKAl. UIKHS.
2nd. Vorlw
Olnph
as, )Z]
U, Aph.
h*2ul
having the
first
fat.
Peal
///
WM/>,
irilt
lco].
^/ro/v,
iinpcr, *JLcu
jw/vvf/' t
MJ,
inf,
W^.
>
Aph.
\af
inf.
MI,
///y/^ ful.
ol
&*&
furfw, ]&]& fo
///'
ini|Hr.
radical Yuri
///?
it
first
}&*, or ^ic*
as,
radicals
Ufci
Inf.
ltiM<*ntwl< ful.
//r
Olaph
UK
third
JJrcl
and
A ph.
w*L
imper,
ii
v-*^:J,
Ver))K
'ltd,
11*
Okiph.
O^D, inf.
h? foplHuh\ wln
ful,
rjnl,
ii(*f
pnrL
pern,
Jlw,
^*IJ
nidifvtls
plu.
A/*
*
,
fut
itf, inf.
IDCH
W^
impcr,
*41,
Aph,
^B1 f or
ful.
|M, an
well
an the ordinary
The
Hyriniift
of n
1
-
elw'lly derived
from
an in
trilitenti
lottor,
f.
numwmw, and
By the
ftllernfion
tvhtm
annexed,
repefiiion of
one or tun of
tin* lettern
<;rAi>ttiuaim,
of tlm
i
Irilitoral root,
and
Van
am
WUHS
the
or the
io); thus,
'
Kfc^/"' tlMgywl
he
W,
(s<**
I'll
those CI^CK
chiefly
in Iddlo radical
MUJ<*.
ftfottfj,
MMjuwf/wl, from
mtft
dhl
if/'f.fH)
*mv
<
It
/ry.
or
?flc
//
///v/r/Av^'/,
//^/^A*,
nr
Jroin
///,vv'//^
/*/;//,
kn MTII JVow
\\ill
llir
or
from .^**
tl'M' nml
u-^n^nil f^flVci
ol*
tin*
tin 1
in
duplication
fVoni
If,
aw, yiVnSMZl
A*"
rfmutiwl
A/?
ilwnM&IJht
v^^*M
^j)
and
///'
thM\ from
fatty
itfwffiftwti frotn
from
HluiMCi
y^
s^fA
lo lc <'<iupoiindiMl
///'
**
two
* *<rl
Ac iNMtltwt,
IV*
By
the addition of n
li?ltcr
to tin*
of a word.
(1)
r*//w/r?
y^ixw
(i)
from
us
Thin
(#}
*&&
y>; at,
lln Arnbi<i
aw,
in
Ac
*flni
//w
7>/^</c ;/^>/%
+&S&BI) he
*
///
Intott'iiwl)
Ac
tn'j/*'tl)
Ac A/^A/, IVom
from
PAUTICLKS.
1-'W
The
of a
hitter
word
Van
as,
sometimes inserted
is
///
ycsi*
havo
\vo
from
^^
//r?
"
fi
*-
twitf/*
AMIic
of
<*n<l
wonl
:i
from Z^
ti/ittt'fff)
vv*
//*'
pc
middl
/<//#
//*
jw t
//^'
/
pfwrcri'tlt from
r///v/ t from v *^*
//<
^micu.
^s^;^
an,
Awtmf
//<*
p0
clwuffrtl,
*^ai**l]
/fr/Wfv/,
iu the
/^'
^ /MUM*; *+t**
/it
.Y//
'.
or L*M!
kind MI*
//wr/fr, hc/aw/It.
-*?rl
^
*
H
only
is
umiwfMNury
oi)H< i rv<'
nt
"*^P>
i
to ^i
tlmt t in UK*
follow in #(>ru*nil
01.
Iftidnr lliiH
n used
in
i^nu
thr,
t Ofthw.
^l <// <w/fv,
duwu
fur
^xplainin^
Advorl*H,
Initl
principle*
I'AHTICLKS.
may
purlH
?,
fontin of this
(.'miiiuon
inoilifvin,^
of a wntrnri',
and rmuMriin^
f
nj
nuhnu^
t'r^pomUou^ Cunjitni-tiuus
uiul
ADVHJIHS
hi {Jt<*c/trJ,(t
!
or
//////
^>-*^
///i//',
^ p
//r;/
///'A
*-
2nd. Ofplruw.
whhth wty /
tllHirf
^Z
////vv.
dttwrfa o
or NN
rt
^
wr
^>,
A^ / (which
forftuul
any
m^tiv^
tin
ocn)
A-ao i.o
fmrn
5
tlto
^ii^
w,
mtrorb
/M l/*
UM-
SOUK*
hvpositiotiK
iiro
iiivlixftl
wpnrah
/>/,
i* /#,
In
iwun*.
vi-plis.
<*////,
row-
^A
or
or
<t(/((htxfi
V-
f/V//, */C|
+&*wtiu it!tui
t
A(;/J;/v\
to,
PI
(/
//<//,
Thn ItrjVrtimH
Mcrf/
HJ), rfu/r/' fe V
arr
fa*
/////,
lot
}i
^v/
Vs !
ADVHJIHS
hi {Jt<*c/trJ,(t
!
or
//////
^>-*^
///i//',
^ p
//r;/
///'A
*-
2nd. Ofplruw.
whhth wty /
tllHirf
^Z
////vv.
dttwrfa o
or NN
rt
^
wr
^>,
A^ / (which
forftuul
any
m^tiv^
tin
ocn)
A-ao i.o
fmrn
5
tlto
^ii^
w,
mtrorb
/M l/*
UM5
Ifcir.
//<ww r/
the waiuo
Hvr. ;J.'I:K
Kplir.
/('//',
//>//
iwth uf (j
///c
s,
ih<*
wiis
ioi'iH,
p, ^ws,
air
o xst
y-cu,
y*,
mid tnans
tuJ-cu>
///////
ILuk* 1 xxii.
^^\
/v/////
rj/<\ Alaftli. v,
2.
TlMtr'Uitiv<M^ used
ii"{
/////
ll.
i.e. tlir liouit \\lii<'li isplli in tin- i;vit. is unl ;ilu;i\s |)ir
subjn'if
i,\. SI I,
htii
tin* f>hj<'<
MHM of
^>
,'i
ph'cnlinit'
^AA;
i^aiui
**^liS;yJ
fa UH' wrt'Mffj
of
Mtilrtf'hH
onl^!
/,v/^//
pfi^
;
noun
////'
!M# En
i^ib
(at) tint
nil
nreiifttte tleseriptiun,
do sn
*/3*il.2M*s
xui. !.
it IH
in
th
follwved hy
a preiKmtti
i* (**
,/J'<w,
*
Mutlll,
HIV.
J!
Jnil,
injury (lining
wlil^tn rrw
Although pmp<*p nnm
( ounii*it*H, cities,
of
th<*
imw^H
fivers, \<
y<l
Hake of
;s
JilS
f^ijS
Mi'
lor th
SYNTAX OK
whw
*4^
wo have IA*P
2 Tun.
^-po,
*
for
HH'JANTIVIX
St
iii.
for }a
The
2*
Tim.
wlinv w<
10,
i.
haw
ly inti'iidrd
3i*. for
.....
*aa
]>riiuary oflin
its
<t>
/,/.
it
isu.sril
known
cither
liy
tiTUvorwilily or
jiroM^niiifiH!!*!
all
Us Syrinc version,
It
in
drf,
1h<*
Mate
Hr.lu'ow nriirli
this
/A
/ w//
ho !Hibr*w
soon thai
niuiuM'otis in*i;mt'<*
iti
tu Iht'corn'spondiujjc
M'liii
tluui in
many
also In
may
parison
U*^**
b(^
wl, iifututy
\vilh
}il
;IN,
or
has IMVOJUI* of
ail
probability
rmiploymli which
hM<int tt>
it
whew
wiiwU
iMoiiiitli'il,
iho
Hhovvthal
it
d<*Jlnita Jurja is
and thtutlmohttc
no npjMirni rrftsou
why
(Mi<^
should
and
lluw
in
Th rmuwjiiwici* in that to
1^
cortrun ruio ran
^ivcu lor unin^ the driinito Mnt\
ptrJWciu'o (o thi other,
1
At tho
limn
(nuiio
ftf
uud
its
lhcr<^ tn
it
wu
Ixnuul by
*"
'
v
"
"
:
t
**<*L.
r
JJ
J
?
S
*
-
*J
s
;
^1
72
*;
*<
*
;
Uli'Hi'^
''
s
i
-':-.^
t
.:
"
"
!jl
?
s
J
*^
; t
i
.
: f
I
ff* *"
?**
-";ii =
i 1
"j
-i-*5
'
/ r . s
*
^
^
5
'!
7 Z
J 2
Iw
l*t
r^ii?;
*
^la
.'
*
1
'
I*
v- *
5 f
'it
^ *
ji
H:i^;; i'.rliiM;:
,
^f'.isS
nirM
*\
^
I
*
'
i
**
.>*"?:ftl
*
J
**
;^i
ft!
"
|H
'*
ji::t
!t
- :
:
8VXTAX OF StBSTANTIVLS.
such cases
]L*o>
as,
yjc/wMitt'/
f&Jaa*Z Mr'
//to///
!M>n\v,
iu
cunilocufion lor
HoviM'sil
xiii.
mtu
hy PhillipH,
p,
t{j*
luaiid
t*ir-
tliu
to tnl4 r\
>
ni*
nouns su con-
*9tolu)
///^/
oip>
5htr Jwob's
ttnyiwl,
sljitis
]sw
^o>Zu
KIT
1.
and wcoml of
wit
t/n>
xi.
serves somclim^s
const niffivr
V^l&u^
us,
be
JUT sonu'litnrs
\\orrts
^n tin- first
;
way
wliirli
1!io
6W, John
fl/
Thin construction
21,
John
a
1
)!&
or
o/' ///f
,/#/#/
Ijlik
*^*
is
>
130
Ki*liolin
*.
of
nnu
ilo
few appear <o Iiav* it, l'caus* tluy (orminaio with Olnph
htit nuoh nouns an* in lit* al>Holuf<>
statis.
noun
purpose
is
oCcli'limni; or c\ plaining
we frequently
when
plmnul
aw*
noun
later!
in
&.
after
manner nouns
in this
employed
iLuJjfr f/7// t
}tt}^ittlittttl)
afllx,
liml
Ht> also
K.i
tilth
like
nn
;><w/>/<
///
r/
/Ar//>^
e,
(nuts-
1)**
hy wueh expansions as
/YW/WW/ fu, (lit tf which rttttihw (u,
ttflCWtlitiff
4<t; UH,
tu,
irit/t
^ ^M
/
IdDta* *cu*i-o
w/W lw ywttlw
^/////
thtnt
HIM*
Cjun*
xi
<tll
thaw,
COXftTUUraOtf OF ADJECTIVES.
iO
In Hebrew Iho
n#
parliclo
Ls
forts
imitalod
ai^
ject; as, \z+z]9 oiiuo
of
he
mw
John
xxvi, 11;
Vsz]
offence
xxii. H,
Oal. v. 11.
witked f
Old Tcsiaiueni an<i which ntny be eonsequontly reT|M reiK'tidon (fu noun wmietlmcw denote** diversily or a nuiliiiuile
Aelw
uu
*^u
^f^c^
/
'
It denotes also
i
^*.\
^p
^1
x. 4(J;
as,
v*
ii.
4;
17.
4i8j
fu? v4*?X
^w*
0.
iliiiiiwitivu notniM
ti'rmtimUtm 10 *r uao;
a>
ur
Foiunl.
an,
l2c^ P ignorance.
They
|jop
mtttt Jimtoiiii
*,
Mark
coils,
a dislribuiive, WMISC;
tt
HUMM, John
4
Kulistuntivcw
Kotan
MMQHH
///
Matth. xx.
partieln p
ov
fltffc
My
or
\vhellw$r
\vhetltci*
CONSTRUCTION OP ADJECTIVES.
agree generally with their substantive in gender and
number.* The exceptions to this rule are the same as
in
Hebrew.
When
than
Gen.
participle
is
iv. 13.
put
as,
l^oL^
it
qualifies
as,
is
precedence of
its
?*>*>
Ogatas
p-3o-
blessed Paul,
^0*^0
|2uiao^
as,
blessed
at
Mary, &c.
If an adjective, or passive participle be used as an
epithet, and it be found in the absolute state, the
Dolath
-AIJ
The same
rule
is
observed with
an adjective;
as,
m th<*
doftolte
st$,te,
<JOX8TRrf!TIOy OP ADJECTIVES,
L2
\vhni
,//////;
is
it
)adh0
nuploywl as u
p*jU
J3f
adJHtfivo
A
Py
iujnttft'
licfiM-i
//to/,
iMiiMMlutt*
^
ft
somotimos oxpvossod
hy
is
lie? P?
Pj
irillitwl
found pn !i:'d to
i
tin 1
dwtti)
(M
part iciplr
pltiml nuruhor
Tl
word
i,(^.
blood-
as,
U*&
////
is
sri>
wmio
/*/'
Soo Horn,
Hub.
xvi- 21.
substantive,
Mnlth,
and an
put in tho
it IB
its
is
p> 7^7//-
together,
plawd Ar/rw
/^
w,
I^D
thorn,
gomW.
a ploowtHfio
Ao
mniofM.
i.e.
addod {o
iw
and maw*
^o
iiidMluoM in
;
p ? without, a
Wwx/,
suhsianlivo; as,
Hvc.ral KuI>H<ai)tiv(H
and
as, licoio
fr/V///r/
ji
//w, ]&LD
vv
ndj<'cti
Tho
and omployod as
Ktntii
Hitbsiaiiiivn;
|iit<
1
atljoctivo negative.
it
nw^lkMc.
aiijcclivp
n<"^ili\<*
ilio
ns *z*2Lte
negative
ii
nltsoluio
t!u
in
is
tho
is (!o<l.
Hi>mtiu*s nmlcpH
nn opithrf
When
p bitlimitte;
U^si&i
iiMM*i>wltfmiblt\
is
wljHivn
h'wfhiuif;
fL^lc
ii,
p,
I;
|*a)
III,
>,
all
f
cii^
!KI.
is
Homctimow an
IH
indicated;
M,
Itaj^
(clearer)
SYNTAX OF NUMERALS.
than the noon-day, Job
*
xi.
143
17;
more powerful than the idols) of Jerusalem and Samaria, Isaiah x. 10. The comparative degree, which
is made
is sometimes to be otherby the particle
^
itv
\+o ^o
xviii.
it
ordinarily
oi
U*^D
placed before an
is too
The word
inf.
great
u*-J
to be forgiven,
is
as,
way
*^o!^ai
Gen.
be loo
,-i is
^^
|a/
iv. 13.
Lord ? Gen.
So also when
inn^ViS ^
as,
*+<* ]z>i
]toj
but iflhe
<Jo
M>yjoy,
as,
my sm
is
as,
->Zo^
Cant.
my greatest joy,
-**> the
head of
So also |po=
iv. 14.
i.e.
the
A word is sometimes
tive
and adjective;
^ l^i but
as, t=>J
is
employed;
54.
10
A*
&L}i)r
Numerals.
as,
4.
3.
]&]
*V
pU
it; as,
HF\
^V **M
*
*
wafer-pots of
NVXTAX
114
j
t ,
John
C.
ii,
NUMERALS.
01?
Mark
vi.
as,
^^
\*&*
14,
fine thoimnd,
xiv. 21.
,i
Matt h. xx.
Matih.
lit.
^^
JJ;
w>
W.
In
uf
nit
noun
In
number m
the
third hour,
numbers
plaocs cardinal
taJi* lo the
Jirsl
as, !j*
.Dan.
i.
21
IntMlMtliniil
(ordinal
at
many
Mf yw *lfw*
hi Ihi* r/wtt'
lieu
onMmelive. state;
lii*
lliiczl
i.e.
/w/v,-,
tui.
lor onlinaln,
the
ywr,
Mm*
///
xxvii.
are, lined
in
MM
&ba
^*+
wo have
3D,
i.
in <>if//i/9 i.e.
fifty irjtwfi
////'
lit.
Luke
In
(tut*,
i.o.
Bar Hob,
fa the six
p. 100.
its
25,
!, lit.
whn
w,
l,lw ttirtl
Tho
IKJ
found
*wl ]LL&t
9
Kami) rule
(employed
tho
oftittti
When
mtmlwr,
Ix
joined to substan-
same gender;
in tho
llo-l
as,
Uiulz
\*s>4
liu*
5,
whethor
llioy
perform
of ordinnln.
tho tiling
it
in
nfttmlty
put
in
the dof*
cardinal
tato;
M,
SYNTAX OF
P310NOTJNS.
10.
ii.
state
When
is
Occasionally
as, Eu^z
tlie
it is
three years,
^*
fcfcL
Luke
Luke
xiii. 7.
The half
as,
xi. 9,
ten
iv. 25.
three years,
)al
of
any thing
liS>z
cn^ao
11
or
half of my goods,
as, <-*!*
it is found
Now
]&t three days, Kov. XL 11.
and then
is
ordinarily expressed
]&ol
three days
by |/o^s
Luke
it
l*
as,
**co3j
and a
by
faitf,
ZCL^A
the
xix. 8,
* *
xx. 16
|LoZ is
understood.
N"S
loaf
understood, 1 Sam. x.
13
^?^
deny
Mark
me
in Mickiolis's
three (times),
^aaol 2dZ
where understand
<.tat'
Gram.
55.
The
4 MO
word
180, and
AgrdTa
83*
Syntax of Pronouns*
is
when
existence
is
i*
luod,
SYNTAX OP
14(1
find {Ilia without. Iho li/wif occwllfttia; as, |ooi )il OLD
in
him wv
ill, COT
//'/!'.
and uoi
tsiko
omilhms under
iho liuca
the
Iho
pies
ii
in
])laf!<
Jolm
John
x.
0;
copula;
as,
tl
w/
*ju
^i* 1f*&&
lh(ftu1)Mt(ui<iv< vorh,
prctTdinj; word; so
cno word.
instances,
latter occu-
^>'<?
dUe!pk8
Wli*H personal proiiounn arc put for
2H.
ix.
many
and the
.subject
of the logical
*>
<;/,
altogftthor.
repeated in
th
is
away
25, p. 01.
vS<*t
0*001
Clal v.
p.
204.
iv.
1L
utM
iii,
we
duiivc;
xv. lU,att
If
/ww M#,
nounu
iii.
T.
11.
Gal
i^^crui^^ Muuifwlt
The
ywri, AHMOinani
oa^*
SJ.
*A
I
**!
Connor;
/utvt (/hett
in r<*|fimit IIOH
pronominal
^/^
-jtocru
an,
affix
it*
xn'.
fc*roo
of an adjective, the
than to the
th
///y
xx. 3
as,
When
appended
to
to it tathc*r
^m/^
^/^/,y
hoUnm>i&*
oUy qfthy
STTNTAX OF PRONOUNS.
as,
me,
^Zo^ not my
Exodus
see also
Isaiah. Ivi. 7;
xxi. 2
are found;
affixes are
**
see Mattli. Y.
Lukexxii. 50.
The
Some few
holiness, i.e.
A peculiarity of the
ivp
to
14.
Syriac language
its
is
to be
pronouns
met
in such
cases as,
when they
1. Affixes
when
translated
ci^o*
<*>ot*>
the
i.e.
lit.
our language;
into
fame of
Jesus,
who
lljoicjw
X
is
as,
Jesus,
the
cnZp
daughter ofSerodias.
2.
The
it
oiA*5
f
i.e.
and he
and he
sent, out
sent,
it
cmd cut
off
(I mew]
>t*
his head,
When
the affix
ritnilar
it,
is
annexed to a preposition, a
construction
the hour,
i.e.
i.e.
is
in
how.
00
Sometimes
SYNTAX OP
148
tho preposition
PTIONOTTNS*
is
affix; as,
Matih.
iii.
yii cc
*
]*+*&>
at
C7/m /j
(
with
i.o.
Me
him, with
icilU
Chmt, Horn.
vi.
days,
^xy^o
*
**
i\
&from ffaw,
^Acn
The pronoun cm
^ii
lip^
oep
sv. 17,
Tin*
or
o<n in
to
JFW/A
(u!&o
irho?
is
0,
i.
such instances as
Idly, Matth.
tftc
/^////,
i.
21
viii.
28.
2 Cor.
7 w/;w/^ John
Tim.
]ZoiikJo fy
cot
^c^c
couloaeos with
it
Notnotirnon redundant;
H(*o
Also cui
7.
iii.
?/^.
*'*
coi^ to Ihw,
The
iii.
prouoinift
frequently
ftmtitl in
Tom*
is
p. 2!)*%
//^*
Tnum 5 and
lihN*t!l/M\& tlw
Sets
0.
circum-
little
locution; UH,
1,
By
the purtiolo
Hob.
U,
By tho
juxtaposition of tho pronouns o#
*
*
t
IIH,
Zogt
iZcu
By
V>
llrfft*
x>
John
6m ;
ft
v,
/wv?
(Zr/y
f),
SYOTAX OP PBONOUNS.
of June
of the same
oiX*>
jAxt?
4.
?
lAi^
X
""
*>,
monstrative pronouns ;
e
ffo
and V 01
as, 001
o
**<*
*
and
Matth.
See
46.
v.
25,
p. 61,"
5.
By an
affix
in his day,
6.
put to a noun
i.e.
A*&
oiiccua
Bar Eeb.
By
spirit
}-lo5
as,
ou.o>
as,
poip destroyed
-u>u
Cant.
thyself,
* K
person;
as,
oisc^p
^^ ^o^
T. I. p. 485.
The
prefix of a particle to
served;
as,
8 ; by lao,^
a&+>9 ^o he whose
X
An
affix
Assem.
himself,
is
frequently ob-
it is,
Gen.
Trpoawrov
xlix. 10.
as,
-^j
x. 14.
is
frequently
28),
when
the
as,
SYNTAX OF PIIONOTOR.
I
to 7ti#
*
MM
John
;wf,
i.
oiw> and
///
11.
nouns NOVVO
onorgy* to the
*^+)
than
word to which they belong;
]!DJ w//y M;?.0,
John
vii.
S; 1his
liktnviso
is
carnally Urn
IH
John
v, Vi
^? yi^a
nsj
whon Iho
Jolni
X.
/////
iv*
3k
affix
*J^>
i^is&o
tm
tti
<*aso
^', Luke
my
vi. -12;
from
aw
v.
it;
UIUH, i**^
///#
it*
//w///
cn>c^L=>
ife
Jl.
^mikD|^
principally in
may pcrhajm
Oa
the
b<*
rcfrar<lod
pronmm WIIWH
ratitd
from
it
by KO
of more flmtralu
employed;
fa
^*
In
mfrnly as a Hebraism.
arcmot with whoro
Hyritttt
with
aftta* tlu^
Ion;;
sopa^
who
is
tlt
vw. Cyrus
ant<H^dcmt, but
HjK*<*ch
as,
an
montionodiavorsol*
is
Umk>
inMiriclmKl
newrdin^ to
tli
SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS.
Pronouns sometimes do not
which
is
151
relate to
the
noun
and perhaps
On
noun
itself is
sometimes
was
IsJmael
to
Abram
The Syriac
yopjl.
Jerusalem,
Jerusalem,
^*L*p
&^Jo
jlzj
ftL^io
*
.V
ch^o^ ^M*Si> thou slaying the prophets and stoning
those who are sent to it (to thee). See also Gal. iv. 21;
07
Horn.
ii.
and numb,
&c.
1,
is
Hehrow Psalms.
in the
oiL^D
as,
and
Luke
^^]o
John
and
i.
4,
the life
we have a
is.
plural
Collective
See Hob. xi. 26.
pronoun.
a plur.
a
of
multitude
take
men,
nouns, signifying
sing,
SVXTAX OF
1R2
IMIOXOI/XS.
niaso.
*i
^QJ|
An
inlciTotfalivu is
tliem wj;.
^ Zp
r
in ilw,
cotiKtruHivc
of whwn
let*
HHW
tn*t
cujuivalont to
is
it,
Doluth
(tnd
Htnfc
fc
as, *-.AJ]
<icn. XKIV,
///f
noun
//r/y/^
of whom
have
>
H>
words; or by
ry
**oi
rtitaii,
Multlu xix.
a,
^///r?A
Mullh, xxv.
o<w
pi*.>
w;
Eplios.
*
1*
Matth, H.
prrsscd Iy
jtulywti Itoni.
put
oblique*
ii,
cno
op^
(J;
thaiixuw
CTUA
Mtule,
14;
i.
prdixod to a
^aam^
^Aa
001?
wmt/6'.
M/W
UJP
^/v,
as,
C^ lo
mutt,
Acts xxv,
who
2*t,
IB indicutted,
/////, cru
'
1.
oj
jHtmoiiH arc
tf
as, <J>>
C*
!
ywufc*]?
byooiuwcling with
in
who
M.
i
Ut
pro-
pronoun and
An
>
pcmmui pronoun
a rotalivr;
Zv*]
wlwslwll
!nitni)}{iiiivo
Hoiui'liai^s tin*
2fi).
us,
xii. 1M.
ftx(d
is
Iho inl<'rn)gat.ivc;
to
]>n*lix<*d
^#
!',
which
or,
2**$;
sialo of the
di
fli*'
//^ daitgli-
to /rfAw//, ^OJ0wt /o
SYNTAX OP PRONOUNS.
in
>
whom, r
to
* ......
thee,
whom,
me,
whom.
to
>
to
153
...... >
By an
jJnd.
3rd.
an
By
as,
sold.
the noun
>,
in whose
o\^p>
X
as,
hand.
The
a noun and
having
whom ye
i-ojoai3i>
affix to
to
which he
in the days in
19.
marked by
this letter
^=>v*
>ojl
1^
pihj
^D
all things,
which
He
The
t)y
thus ;
8;
rel.
i.
31.
alone.
>
relative
*
(Jen. ii
pronoun
001,
forms
CFIS9 001
oblique cases
its
'
The oblique
Tho oblique
and.
|!*j
Bar Heb.
pronoun
as,
<nh*3hm
oiii
]iojl
whom
he
ooTj
wlw hath
are
p. 297.
by an
ears,
Matth.
>
^D
affix following, or
> ooij
xi.
15
p.
Mj* r*
as,
"
;
850
He
j
slow
15
SYNTAX 0V
The pronoun
relative
Bar
17
xi.
Luko
nffwiwf Hwlft
as
flfiaJM lr
ns,
ii,
2to*^o
17
//^/rf
//////
tthttll
hig or
aw,
(Icn.
////>//
/^
f/wtt
fro;v/ M/////, IH
So
atoo
lii^
eartttte
Hftjf
{Ijio
the
0/w ;
to you,)
i
wtlihi her*
^i
as,
|Iosj
^m
aro
^J]
Matth, xxiv.
Hlgnillocl
<]
23.
by
}D]
The word
Limit
tuiy thing*
wouwut Mark
rt
Wo havo nlfto ^
l.o.
fo
vii.
toother
joined
or t&o only
itself,
ttfllw d(ty#9
iLf.
by ]aS
litttfflHitl
y>jio
Lovit. v. 2,
<7.
fur
>
as,
occasionally
8<wik
ttHfft bluff
H;
xviii.
for
//
put
]L]o
as,
is
wrtMftnHM
feccoo
by
Hoi)
in
Hol>. 487. 1.
pronoun*; (see
Luke
where |L]
/,v <//;//',
iivtf
is
ilio
**w
frequently
>
1>JIONOTJNS.
25,
in
^
this
and
sonso;
tl itRod thus
OT
ff
j&co*
*-4ij
thus,
I. p.
^^
arc
83.
f^ one
nyfftoto
cm]>!oy(ul in
SYNTAX OF VEKBS.
155
who
say,
another
i.
e.
mode
7
.
Some ....
*l
other
the
by
^-ii) in
member and
following members.
faf*]
We
that.
haye also
See Matth.
56.
and person
Mary
with
as,
anointed,
***
w<zs
^,
^ **
Syntax of Verbs.
its
itt Subject*
*SQ.\Z
o^]^ the
7*m
xii.
t^=>>
-*I^s whosoever
>
disciples ashed.
in the
&c.
A verb agrees
77* John
77)
or
*"
xii. 50,
by
in the latter; or
*
V
^=> 3 ^M^D,
and their femininos for each one.
___
or
m0
^
12.
-*j]
in the former
left,
mcu*)3
as,
r^&J ^+
as,
otf/ae?*
others
***
and
t~o
i-osZuj
o?a0 #o
is
6e
This
John L 4
plural
;
number
as, |ooi
will
VMA ^ia
A
HVNTAX
and t/w
is
life is
///<*
tiff
wen 9 same
hi of
ciHtstrwlw ml forwam,
to
tlie
Several
Tho former
place.
other
much
the
saino
latter
fiwvgcmig
of
qut'nt, arc
in
VEKBS.
03?
so
fro-
WIuw
put in tlu
Collcriivu nouiiH
lion,
nw , on uwount
also
KtMi
with
o^ ..^iL]
////,
ltJl.2.
!l;
Aswimu
*
tlicir signiiica-
ifi<
*
"'
J 5,
of
fc
100. 1H,
Cliroit.
vrh
joined to a
Jicl).
come
Hruirul sulMinntivcK
them
ing to
oocn w*ito>
%o
JJibl.
Orion.
f//;wi
aU wAa
tu<\
iind
dcnolin^ hut
ntuwl for a
wmtHimtw u nouniii
\V<t have*
nuuiyoiluTS*
oti
cl'ass,
in<lividuul,
he verb
put. in
is
to
Jet*, xxviii. 1.
verb*
when
in#, in
r/
Mutth,
1IL
0/vwrt/
/////o
A/M
7*
noun
&A;
as,
u|
attd
Cfp i^aw
Uk
^^
plur.
Aeww
v. 2.
?c^(?
SYNTAX OF VEEBS.
A verb
noun,
157
with a plur.
when
p. 581. 8
as, ]ooi
\^
Me elders ruled.
pj
verb
In
this
unfrequently
Verbs,
number.
fern.,
8.
it is.
adjectives
Collective
nouns of the
fern.
<*
earth, is
jLl
o&>
cwne,
i.e.
thus constructed
M
p
all fh,e
in.
Bar
of places are
plu. masc.
as, *}'&&]
oai*4
occasion was
SVNTAX OF
Bar
(wo
,
/cy/
HiMtittuul
MM/*
p.
"When a substantive
diverttity of i^*n<kr
verb, adjective
is
of
coimnon fjonder a
wmi(Jim<'< found between the
is
and pronoun
tli
in
ronncdiornvith
it; as,
shall be
ii.
1; wlnu-0
IL
(ho
maw.
\vo
hav jowiod
ufltx oil.
iioutiH conuj
itmiiy
th* oonjiiurtiuu o,
(\\i\
in
j)iU.
iu tlu
wk&l
xvii* 10.
cially
<nul
Jfwtfi
nn
/iicrf
put
his
ns,
us, *-ujdioo
Jbuiul,
1|^&J
when
P llicojo
and
viii.
;
22,
espe-
^M^>^O
Oou,
nutewtlt
8eo Oen.
!J
lirnt
MM
cxtu'ption
xiil.
^Q\{i
vt^rb is
find
*'
1^]^
////(/
///X Aliu-k
Them
whuwtlu*
OecaHiostully
an,
|jlnr. )iiinil)t'r;
o<u&*o
^utOaO ,7V/fV,
Ex*
to {IsJ the
viu
7.
the verb
iLffl
^//t6
v* H.
in
as,
SYNTAX OP VERBS.
Numb.
xii. 1.
159
and peace
see
Mark
anomaly
were camps, Bar
xiii.
and many
21,
other places.
The
and
fern.
Deut.
vi.
24
Ll\ it
it
The
is
-KJU^D
it
Syriac has
as,
thee,
me a
<oa^ *+]sj
^ ^\&A
happened
came upon
shall be to
was good
it
to him,
Job.
it will
iv.
Luke
;
to us,
i.
U^
9.
looiZ
Honce the
no neuter gender.
fern.
as,
l?oi
this
low ]*aata
as,
When two
is
1.
used.
latter being
as,
<]
10, where
in.
7
\i*o *&*&
Bar Heb..
SYNTAX OF
!(><>
VEttJBS.
ttwa of the
the
lictiulcft
the
past,
7Vw',
is
prcrtovito
occasionally
employed
Events of
fut urn
by the verb
ttitfltiff
ix.2
]-Cc
hM
life,
It
J^
atbh
Ul
///'
comefh nut
*/f
^L^
fl
P]
to
con*
/;/// fl//f///
/ww
(A/^///
iMMint) ffMii
(Iwrlfi to
Uk
v.
found,
IH
ov* W/^7/
John
py l>mw
tltirktitw
!)t
an
may bo
cxprm
\o
iiift*wcl
front tlio
pwloritft
as
Cut.
prophof'u?
pro-
in
in
/ft I iff
vV
jtwl*
wl
ww.
ttnmi!ttOii
in ftueh
to
hypothetical
tlmt
tlift
tiling
wntonws
IM
///
in
^MTI
^H^CO
trnttbtn
tmd
tknw
80.
3!BJ.
in ivhldi
it in
^ooiJbbd
'Dinii. iv.
]).
Kpokonofwill mmotopasfl:
employ
COMMW
JMtftthim
Ornm.
v//i/w.
arc
fut.
twin: ntomH>
till
<a
thinyit
httw
161
SYNTAX OP VERBS.
by the
you ^S}3
^^
"I
{ob+ooiy that
will
^^o
as,
"
wo
ye vnay know
often
pray." 1 Tim. ii. 8. In general the prset. is not
met with to give to a sentence a subjunctive or conthe fut.,
junctive character. That is usually done by
which
follows.
]ooi,
followed
by a
t^L
2uooi liaoi
*pia>terite
participle or
;
as,
Juf
^>]
an
^1
belief that
on
The
prseterite
7
perfect
as,
done, Gen.
ii*
y=&j
2.
Again, in
iii.
1,
wo
ho had
" And the
have,
102
SYNTAX
In Syrino, as
in
instances used,
where
sent
ns, l&t*
*\vo
in
some
pre-
am
tuotr,
to
resolved
this
tJwtt
tn*t
r//V/j/wW,
f
*^n.
i
employed
IX
in
i\
exviifp
in
IN, L
1,
ji
Luke
pra'tcrito
^w//
ir//f
^
w
&a^|
It is likewise
in
all
>
in
lilcc-
aeuteweH
as com-
know and
knowledge,
0; u*Ay
" Hh^ssed
why
is
Iwoirn,
Tho
I.
.vi.
linus
wiwMlonoirH pwHPiit
Jut re
decision
on
art
't,
lit.
xvi.
VERBS,
OJ?
In-
the preterite, in tho lant example (evidently oxtho nenthnent eontjiined in it with more
accuracy, iHH'luisc with
;
for
ee,
mem*
tfenerality,
than tho
we mny HuppoKetiicbleHKedneKBtohctho
not wo
of Uto wicked at
some
Tho
pnoterito
thetical sentence*,
frequently
^001
in
mot with
in such cages
like
na,
IH
much more
<+am >oop
j|
9.
163
SYNTAX OF VERBS.
oated
>
as,
w,
to
jo
Isaiah
9,
i.
The future
present
as,
>u
<QJ|
It^l?
l~ffl>'Q2
The future
Tltii.
Judg.
thing,
Ut*
as,
v.
louSL
God
|=L^
forth
the
from
prseterite
is
8.
ib.
i>
prat in
hath chosen
8; |>*2u P l-So5o
*
i.
ii.
17.
a few instances
thee, Jer.
he caitseth them
to inherit (or
anew
is
|SLJD
^I
sword
>OQS] *>taoj
stood
indicated
^Jojl
In the two
ib.
by
last places
the
almost always used when the verb implies something conditional or potential; and this is
done sometimes with and sometimes without any ac-
The
fut. is
companying
Hence
particles.
it
t&jud
X
vii.
may
;
let,
would, &c.
V^W>
come
to
as,
return, 1
*4XJ
an end9 Ps.
Kings xvii. 21
<
TS2
SYNTAX OK
H.
xxil 9
VEttBK.
oU ^ji (firm
A prohibition in fiyriac, as
by iho future
Lo.
wll wf,
nol
kill,
i*e. cfo
(Jon.
e,
.
20;
n,
^^0
rtn/
^ayio
in
tlio
fut.
p>
//i
wo
/A"/ *^
|5*
tlutt
/**y
ttlo found
tltt/ttfipy
they tuny
although (yo
Is
may
him
ffrant to
nol hearken^
know
Bssok. xx.
viii 8.
yp^ ^4^
accompany
W, %-Liifl^u^
^j
tta<
4.
as,
<%
that it be
rwnoccd, Matthew
tire
%W,
5<?
VHf---^l^
tf;
tthnil
there
itoW/^
///^^
nH follows j
w/^/
when
lifwuic'fl >
Tlio
20.
i.
often connected
would
xi, 7,
visrfo
Euth
K>; yoVAJ?
ii.
by
and
l>n,
to the
whim a
ful.
>
ttow shall
-aju^o2 p </MMI
ww,
]tow Ion4
AH,
Tin* partwloH
8*
!.
^o^cl p
,0tf
w/
dof
3;
invariably
p lAou s/^
xlvi.
no prohibition;
with iho
V*>I
Excxl xx, 13
somotimoR
in
as,
is
llchrow,
Con.
rfr;
till, or,
impor.
w/
ml
/tfr
in
xxi, 21*
Mark
Atf
ill
20} lo*
wwrity qf
the
yal^Zu?
V^>
dtp might 1$
165
SYNTAX OF VERBS.
Assem. Bibl. Orien.
established,
we have the
Arab,
393.
i.
pluperfect
*-
by putting the
<*
tot*"
written; L--*&
J& he was
64
future
phrasis.
Ss>
\^3$
participle
and the
-*
See
writing,
is
as,
**
Arab. Gram. p.
the
J6 before
*
So in
2.
fut.
Stewart's
way
of peri-
of the yerb
^r^o
as,
p. 347.
^ooou
^^cn
l&^a
Departure of
forth.
shall
they
1.
world,
3,
^^
we
]ooi
fut.
Assem. T. III.
send,
by Dr. W. Wright.
The word
similarly to the Greek /*Ax
p. ,j.
had
Tie
shall
literally,
stand; perhaps
we are about
ice
shall
to stand,
as,
is
,
some-
and the
>onSnS
^r
Zii,
Z X
shortly
stmd ;
See
77*'
^*aAi> shall
But
it
the
inftn.
seems to
rendered,
is
me
'
"We have a
fut.
is
contained in t*j^.
with
John xxl
19*
SYNTAX
ilatth.
when
xvi. 8
ii.
01?
whore wo
22,
VEftBS.
KCO the
in EntfliKh
wo
should
Murk
15,
(?
i.
fut. is
uso the
Luke
iuf.
employed,
See ib,
11
xiii.
i Cor.
ii.
fttflnUire.
An
infinitive
intensity io
it,
WHthnwl
as,
1^] ol^ai J
UH/ */w///
w//^//
/A-
nwHwMy
fitvw
WlH'ti
nifvin^
flxcnl
/A//
rito
A'M
amo
'
f*^
IjfiUA
//,
to
xiv.
v^l Iw wmketl
^o
wrh
the
/<?</*
fa
or
)c
* *
'
Iho
Ja
iitr.
\vith
iKu-ticiplt*; UH,
ttltty
xn
15
him, Matth,
?
.
nuty be rendered
ojv^
|t^^
]OCDO
when
it in
n^inu'k
us
employed
*
V
C'
to
/w/ f John
///f
EngUnh by ilw
flt//^/
5,
AIW
in
^ i^ hath
|on
Hi, 1,
is
wttt him
<;'
Jem
iii, 4,;
po| ^-xi
v*
A; /v/wn
xiv
cir
/w/r,y,
//vV/,
ftH,
thyiMwl, (inL
iiiHnithc
ntt
(Urn.
r//V B
in
is
applied) lo to
lu
**V-
cruLCo flr.BCila.\
faMnfffim
it,
&A
Px elr,
as,
jr
&A ^maJ^
k
iii.
///?
14,
SYNTAX OE VEBBS.
167
as,
lio^? ^c ots
jZUfo
ceased
they
oNJsaNj
focn
from
jli
j]
T. I. p. 36.
The imperative
is
John
as,
xi, 15,
See also
Mark i.
The imper.
38.
yucj
lfi!o
covenant,
We
thus,
md
\L V*cno
i.e.
xi. 7.
the following 3
lW?
Egypt*
I will gweyou
h<e
best
of the fandof
(i.e.
ye shall eat
xlii.
)joi
',
18.
An imperative
is
with a participle;
as,
Mark
may
iv.'
39,
It
Z\j]
f^ ^^4 cease,
be that
*J^
be th<w still,
108
SYNTAX Ol
word which
fluoneos the
Vl'JKBS.
follows,
it
being
a
used
with
ordinarily
participle when an imper. is
intended,
construction
T.
f.
p.
The
cxsn
Assem.
in
is
|Kirtici|>lr
Uwelcss,
<->.
O9t
lias
if
no Ihno of
M<r.<i>,ff
1-*^*^
^^u^Ccs 001
^.Aljo
|icn
of HIM
f^
(ien. xvii.
y^iul
l&c*/tf<M
tint
fto
trtuuterlttff
jmdidi
c&!?
4*1*
thing
ion
p
/WM
UM,
find a
a,
hwiM
|>^ ho
BUM,
j
an
or tkc pr<
^oi^
!-.;
r/wr/ rf/wrf,
l-k<
(tof.
saw
Thewfom
*
Luke
i.
JJ5
6m/* to Ihcc
(/,
Hitcli^
(ix
to
and not
them
;
HH,
hou^
)I1,
for the
for the
most
UD ^pl^o
1 Tim.
Jrtti sitting,
& p $v&
Act
holy,
ful.;
placed before
liav
part
^//^//
/'{/r*
The- pra
1!K
in
its
may
it
Tho
frc^^tu^ntly.
i*
|p
Orient.
3Jil)L
W,
liut
own,
be
may
Mark
v.
ii.
13;
14
<nJouo
<r;icJI
he
gwe
U&r
\K. 41.
parUdplA umirping aB
it
were tho
office
SYNTAX OE
of
an
inf. after
169
VEIUBS.
POA S;-N^
S^aw
o*f* ttgy
Matth.
to pluck,
began
John
44
xi.
(assisting)
ttai
OOOSA
fo (70 (going),
command
her to assist
to
2.
ii.
The
^>
7*^
Mark
xiii.
xii.
e.
they
as,
state.
Prov.
i.
xxiii.
10
Active
which
same
1^5 Z
laoicj
i^]^
J^^
participles
follows,
enter mg
govern
vii. 1.
the
noun
as the verbs
partible
lie
^
V*7
loL
A
dwelling
V*C
me,
Eom.
17, 18, 20
all the
ment
gbvem*
ix.
2j
SVXTAX or
170
VISILES,
ft
^o
l*Atain
Mwhited with
Although
KomctimcM
participle is followed
o^
vrfKHrKtiwifiM,
Malih.
<";///////v\
J trill
ii.
S;
(him),
is
and continnally,
fftritiff
ii,
<iitt{
is wlnlotl
* f
<icn.
o^o
viii. ;i;
l.c*.
gtvwhiff*
futfH'r/wt
fttnt
in
how
Mai Ih,
JiS
ii.
',)
was
gradually
the
cfontinuully
2K 4
|cq
Ji.
20; Ltom
;<
in
l^, MI^X
In toy
^il
if&iM'iillfi', ib.
J.
\t
[A^o mid
^i)
;2<i>
TV/it
If,
ib.
Mff, i.o.
1 Smu.
denoted by the
hnj
iropcvOwT^
jo^a] ^]f
/ /^vV/ iwxli![j
////,
by a
luivo tho
I'artieiLiles
very
t/f>,
is
(hwk
{fyrtiirfWi
|j
use of participles
ilio
Syriac
r<*nd( r
especially
ii,
xi. 11.
in translating
grunt, yet
Lev.
oil,
<*n|i)
it in
/I,
SYNTAX OF VERBS.
*
]oqi
Luke
IOOT
v.
~i>^f
ie0w, ib.
fs.
oij4*]
7a<?
iii.
ai^
they
A0d! retired,
&ad
Zooi Zooi
v. 13;
ib.
iv.
25.
In Matth.
24 we have
i.
171
The
prsaterite,
*
make
Mark
i.
45 ;
]ocn
IOCPI
In addition to what
we
u|
Joel,
33 and 34,
and
is
The
substantive verb
]o<ji
them ;
more
by the Erench
ao6turaitely ^expressed
^^
^}
]y\*\
pas vows, qui parlent.
was not concernwff the bread I spake,
is
}J
as,
0P0
U^? *P
pleonastic in
P^
ib. xvi.
oe
fa'est
that it
11.
It
pp 7
interrogatively
IOCT
\*<n
xiii.
some
&
low P
55.
is
instances, ^e.
it is
made
SYNTAX
no
which
occurs
i(
/mw
M<?
I.
*l
translated bv lo^o,
IKMM
to
yaw on
(ft
ftttHft
iVwro of the
New Testament
l*^>
licul* ]ocno
as, oi]o
In wmio ilnct
i, 5!)*
>
}ik>|5
/cm?
p- 21-
it
cupZj
as,
fa'/vta
rt//tf
Eplivuim T.
is
VEUBS.
01?
s n< ith(r
i
nor o
/>/
tfttff*
JtixiM
is
and
it
Luke
prefixed to
Itoao ICOTO
e<nw Mark
wc/
i.
9.
*-UVwT
passed over in iho Syriac vorSeo Mnith. Sx. 10; Murk
\vUliMiit un> untiee,
is
Luke
I;
iv.
rormeil
or pronoun
JSu)
ienso
of
lorn
is
tluuiflixto the
\vith
\\ith
is, It<>vve\ifr,
aHer
it
plaein^
Irtllcr n^reeiiin; in
&1
The impiTfect
HI
ii,
occiiHtotuilly
round without an
affix; as,
jn+ ]$ ^t
Mutth.
cca
I*]
xxii. Si5
MM
|ccn in
Bnv
ptntrn
lleb,
and
young child
ral<
dm
^cndei*
ii
j>,
{)t,
Lit itself in
ir<M,
SomotimcB
made
cxpWHH \mi
i!
to
0*
lino 7.
M at !h.
brethren,
]ooi
diRap-
tiruo; as,
A^iiin, although as -a
with
its subject
in
SYNTAX OF VERBS.
Joji Zuj
line
l2o=yX^s
there
4 ; although we have
there
ji
was a
0$
same way as
Lomad with
(see
ii.
2u|
34),
a pronominal
have also
composed of P and
also
ix. 16,
25,
|ogi
were
as,
John
'in
We
division.
third
#*<?
173
affix signifies to
who hath
7 ; John
have not\
iv. 17. It
Regimen of
has usually
See
prefixed.
Verbs.
and which
mediately,
noun
tion;
John
or
pronoun may
fO^
as,
iv.
DX^CD
1; UO^D
the riffhteous,
Mark
either immediately or
limits its
x. 3;
ii.
The
signification.
^^os
it,
What
disciples,
call
17.
exercise this
he commanded
to
l^o^ 1-loa^
be clothed with a garment" offine Imen, Gen. xli. 42 ;
nouns ;
as,
Eccles, xii. 9.
onr-i^V
him
SVXTAX OF vnrs.
171-
l>y
tho jmrtiolo
in fcomo
t/nil
/7
{cu&
Luke
fo*
/////
^ p>*]
Ii IK noi
jutynlitMis
ft//
John
viii. il);
In the winin
\Lti
/to////
viii.
wnsu
///'
inm
Ly^o
intTi'v*
1
of tla* poal
riph
///f*
^o
/i/>//v7 t
is
p>i|
liko
mj/mfawd
/u*
many
Mnttli,
1H.
viii.
Cr!ton*
/lw
is
wW/(r
not
vli.
/Acy
Mmbx
with
to
!; A.c.iHiii. 2j
uncommon
ono of
"
^*j-**l
*
the
twyiuffi Litko
/
voi'lm
anii
fi;
Iris
inniinorllioptiKKivopnrti-
cxMiju^ation has in
M, Mailh, xiv.
as,
]>assivo con-
ft!
used;
Matllt. iv 1.
Iwk
Soo also
as,
lit
10.
vorlw in lh
thai,
(bn'<*
51.
AHn
!W;
//v/ A//
mhnii mi aociisjiliw;
i.
xii.
ho jnvpositiou
unftr|uonl
hnvn tho
ExixL
//o/'t
2ft*
<tr tr it/tout ft
si-d
\vhi<*h |u*rforuiA
two
tho
ofltoo
of an adverb to
and
f^o
viii,
15
<niifi*>
^^otf
*
iL
II
XJCK, Ul
//rr/A
//##
/ w7/ ayah
//c
fasti
% jbo^ Gcn
SYNTAX OP VEEBS.
entreated
not be spoken
Ui^3
7&e
changed the
tfAdtf
to
CTLSU^AO
175
xii.
19
should
^i^]
Bar Heb.
;
p. 100.
found in the
pending on circumstances
no more
will not
>l^
see>
is
Job
vii,
]v*^>
uaaaoil P shall
NP ou^SsoS 002
^sifflQio
as,
^coo] p
viii.
21;
near
to
prefixed
tie
confirmed,
The
is
confirmed
Bar Heb.
was
is
found, as
we
mg
might admire,
it,
ingly,
Assem, T.
i.e.
Miscellaneous Observations.
by a
instances done
affixes.
But
it is also
noun
in some
In the Ethpeel;
ix. 22.
of expressing a reciprocal or
as,
tia]
viii. 6, 7,
59.
170
RYKTAX OF VERBS.
as, ]!*4
xxi.
S; JL/tf'/ww/,
K
"
for te
,/?>//,
xiii.
30:*
tffflrf
rfflwi, John iii. 24;
fc^ Ml/vcted, was lorn
up, as
f/Ytf
for
twtutMf,
by ihcir roots.
Thoro
is
no form of
mood.
livn
Imlictilm*
3<\>r
usn of il
fh
(SCM*
tlin v(rl>
ihis
Jut* p.
is
The pronoun
r(quir<i
as 10} ^D docs in
ij^
poi IfrftvN
Jj
ioc
in
w*
///<// /A/ir
1WM ffivw
iMQi*fo
fit in
into
^i
my
r/i>
fix. xvi. 3.
noi<
^o
o//?
jfJ^fe
20: cn,^*| ^j
ix.
20 wo have
v*
ordinarily
M rvM ihinpurpoAn;
is
303)
woi,
Hotewx and
employed to
de-
mood.
Compound words in
xwl.
m&Djo
xx. 4
A^l
* *
ft }
//<-
w>j
^t
*
'
fw^^f
ft^w Ww
or <We/
Mark
xttL 23
onlw*
^<nJ
*
Urn, John*
SYNTAX OF ADVERBS.
Syntax of Advert*.
57.
The
177
presses
intensity
diversity
tinuation
t^o
as,
as,
^A-S
as,
^J^> by
^Jifl
<md
hither
]*
thither
and
little
or
or con-
little.
l-i
^Ao
water9 ]&IDCU
little
lecwen, I Cor. v.
little
^>^o
X
iv.
25
a few days,
When ^-^a
*
6.
and
little
quantity
respectively.
in
without a prefix;
as,
or
M^oiio,
X
or Iula|/j Arabice.
r&ke,
An
adverb
prefixed
T^^o^s,
is
^aj
by a noun with
>
]i<&*^
Syriace
So we have MJO!D, or
X
2u^Uo^ JEjpyptiaM.
expressed
as, }te>*
diately, ]iDQA
or
M^om
X
craftily,
Iz&thso diffusely.
daily.
Again, an abverb
prefixed;
]l\La
lastly 9
as,
Uo^ua
is
formed
astutely,
KVXTAX OK
S8.
Pfl'iwwil
thus
i<
is
Ml
trto
\vitU
verbs
me, onlotoD
(It'Hy
in
or twwHrifi
ivith
ns
V^ji
K 7
/^
j]
uw?d with
ww?
V<V!>B
^o
vtrl< of wrwtttf? or
commanding
Kvii. 5
Vf*r1iH
of //"%
as,
or
ius
Jtmcui
of twninffg n, U]
iw **ll *f rfi/w//W,
7/t*
fid
vi*rhn of wtHtwthtff
Biguifyiiig to confess or
''-^ P?
the rfw^ t Jcilin x, ], 2.
whh
with, verbs
many
////
Prepositions.
found
also
>//'////;
Syntax nf
between
//(?
Mark
<?<m/
John
vi,
^i;
A<?
The
t^/VA* aiul
at,
many
)*) ^Acai>
v, 30.
vii,
23
The
Vaa^ ^ww/,^*
pn'jHmilions
*8ee
;
frit*
A<'t**
(Oicooi p
xxv.
prefix o>
ii
Hobn
Mattlh xivi, 02
ft ;
agaimt) >oL
vi, 0,
Act*
iv.
14; Bom*
Ac*
SYNTAX OF P&EPOSITIOKS.
noun
understood, before a
as, c-s]
many
xiii.
A-a
*
)^joj
mansions,
John
in a state of construction;
^tp^a
X 5"^
<QJ]
179
xiv. 2.
vii.
20
29.
of the celebrated
T.
I. p.
-*?
md
which
is impossible,
to be
met with
ii.
T. III. p. 605.
ib.
p. 54.
I.
t&J&ChD p ^o ? o,
and that
1.
^i
whom God
dead. Acts
After
iii.
ko
also
This preposition
7.
is
See Matth. i 12
as redundant.
9 ; Assem. T.
also
ones, i.e,
is
>Q*G] cruL
*
15.
and other
Upo o^
Bat He*,
p. 473.
1.
Us?o5o
3.
frequently;
as,
-nflJop
and heaven,
between you
md
ib.
the
ib.
1.
1.
17.
2nd.
between
Lomad
13.
275.
Uo^la ''Ax^*
604.
1.
U^ V1
5;
sons of the
]f
Zus between
niraS ^oalu-o
Church,
Assem.
80
CONJUNCTIONS.
5so;
^o A
xx. 17*
L 19,
p. 270,
ib. p.
nrwy>
2*9
<!OOH
me and
fL-Ao <pouua
412.
with
and
hi* mother,
between,
profixwl to
if
affix
5^1
but tbo
as, micJJo
Bar Hob,
C&
p. 507,
1.
1.
Matth.
Bar Heb.
tJiee,
10.
not take an
**s
Mm and them*
between
ZUD between
affix follows
flus
between him
16, 17,
ib, p.
ib.
Zus
cni*
421,
p.
2, 3.
408.
If).
Whon
]iji.
IH
particle 1m vo th
ciZoicik
^ A r^^ ^
Itonwl), Mafih.
jlj
for<*o
/;
of mr^M*
in Latin.
two
tlio
]ooio
^^
(of
15,
withtwti laki*H
no
affix
follows, it in
a neparato pronoun
5.
A noun
rt
afl,
]j]
p> without
p, 59,
called
r3 ^/ ^j
U**
1,
<pl
investigation^
ib,
8.
50.
A conjunction
Conjunctions.
as,
181
CONJUNCTIONS.
Matth.
ix.
\i
y*S^p
<-ooa
7.
Acta Mart.
See also
II. p. 293.
13.
,/eetf.
In
Vau would
naturally drop
commands
We
possible.
ix.
32
have also an
xviii. 6.
<J
and
him, Gen.
Vau is
xlii.
is
(if)
'
^
sometimes understood;
tribulation should
as,
happen
**
to
38.
of the sentence
and
>^>o
as,
Our Saviour
1Sfi4\ ^CL^O
buried,
Kings
^iSnVuiSs ]&Sz,
See Isaiah
ellipsis of oj in 2
arose,
^ioZ]o
suffered,
and ascended
to
ILLoo ^ojoa
and
died,
heaven.
**
and was
Bar Heb.
*aj,
o],
Matth.
vi.
24.
<]
*ai
o,Bx.xxi. 16;
<],
Different
Horn, i 16;
.. r
...o]
manner;
Acts
i.
as,
11; Jo
Eev. x il
2.
\&9\
<j,
2 Oor.
xii.
9;
2;
>]> y4 M ...,J26tfi,
CONJUNCTIONS.
The
of the Gen.
has tho
is
force of that.
when
i.e.
it is
used
found
!
with
in connection
fdKM<rf Malih.
Bar Hob.
JWH,
p.
^Z^cf w/v/
linen 7,
that,
!1>,
jLs
>
ii.
>
20,
'*^o
causal, it is
but
when
8,
it is
as,
>&]^ wheresoever.
L1
t*msi
It is
other particles
many
vi. II).
10.
1.
it
as that,
John
viii 28,
iy/?<r M</<,
JUfttth.
iv,
it
rlta.
another senso,
in
When
3D, 7>
to ^i,
]i wto, Mark
p 1,
?'*! twwtttCi War Hcb. 158, 12. There are
lttian(50 in which the conjunction * is omitted, $ ^>||
?
1.3.
(101
fOj|
Hero
!H
J00
(tliat)
/ wmy <?^A
jb^
Iwforo
John
xxi. 3.
jp^f.
The
p. 81, J?
There aro
410, D. 8, 0.
p.
tlonal uHCrt.
o]
'porfonna the
to
y, 7, o
has the
otlior conjunctions,
and thu
it
In Job
^P; a
employed
"it
t
nwdgned
the
and
in
Bidon
Tyro
in
office
flhali
clay
which
is
usually
be more tolorablo
of judgment
for
,-& J\ thm
uod
as,
" God
183
INTERJECTIONS.
sware,
>ojo
]4i*S >oLJ
down"
the sim be
Cant.
vi. 31.
ifthau,
" David
from me a tlvmg" 1 Sam. iii. 17.
saying, So do God to me, and more also,
oj>
li^oi
also,
35.
iii.
9.
i.
Sam.
<]
ii.
5,
and elsewhere.
60. Interjections.
Interjections
the preposition
woe
^ following
to thee.
^ MO woe
iv. 8;
to us.
See Matth.
Gram.
p. 449,
l^oi
l^f*-
When interjections
tion, the
sition
is
^^;
xiii.
1 Sam.
yri"- 13.
as/Jer. L. 27, *o
according to Amira,
wo^
tno]
to this generation.
as,
M^P 010]
alass
my dwghter
Judges
xi. 35,
ing.
wA
^oZuoji ^(-limsn
% Cor.
|oi
xi. 1.
behold
that ye
iii.
O that is
^; as, ^*>
almost
tao&*1
4.
mark em-
18'1
INTEHHOGATIVES.
at the beginning of
whero
especially
0iZcui4
honJ,
which
it is
Mark
ix.
21.
Greek particle
Maltlu
is
>/5^
as, ^cua
(fail
Sometimes
Beo Gen,
flie
vcrhj
verb
iiin
7,
>
&e.
Hebrew*
uxu/w
and
i^>
tho
V
with X prefixed,
the conjunction
^00^
It
!N
Ls
noun
Se
iw
7^///
It
mot
which tho
Maltlh
v-
without VS.
3;
<j
is
found with a
occasionally
^> following, to
inteiji!<;tion rafara,
Somrtirnt'K
is
|oi
v. 46.
of the person
piS> cnS
us,
Iwhlcttd of
in
in in tlie, infin,
affix,
preceding,
xlir. 7.
same an *7f8
JJ
^ ^^ ^
f<n
See Itatlh.
cmiHtrucd with
//, is
prefixed io
jl^J
With
10.
iii.
In
xxii, 28.
interrogatively.
h$
^ij
as,
of
It is used
placed.
plu,
with,
affix
Pfi*
is
the
of
i 1
See Deut,
xxxiii. 20,
Question* arn
pronoun*
U*-l //^o /
^e frwn whence?
or
whcref&&
185
INTERBOGATrVES.
no
particle to
shews to be.
the question
^o
]oou>
Jews ?
the
kmg of
001
LJ]
Matth.
xxvii. 11.
A question with
tion; as, ]>L*
^
)2|
J3
ordinarily comprises
^^
]L=>)]
)LS9
-*G\
ae
an
<p2uj
-
affirma-
P say not
When, however, a
is
question is asked by
p-x
tVwr
times a doubt
The
last
it is
'
pj]
8.
remark
bUnd ? Job
|^S
is
Some-
x. 21.
\^
is
used interrogatively ;
as,
when
.^4^0
|Zailacn <^o
__
Uhlemann
us jau^j
calls indirekte
The interrogation
of the disjunctive
question
7 P 7
more
tf&atf
is
<J
o|
distinct
and
ix. 2,
Matth.
L]
as,
it
definite
as, jjoi
|^u 01^0
<^oiooo) o|
John
Frage;
Christ, the
*^
J-^^^n |Q^
*+>
is
li^ a negative
\i]
Lord, is it
implied; as,
Matth. xxvi. 22. See also John ix. 27 ; xviii. 25,
If
iv. 35.
>
omSn
Aow^
xi. 3.
this
mem
or his parents ?
art thou
'
'
if
EXALLAGE OF PEKSOSS.
180
The
is
usually
tho
verb
and pronoun, which
madnliykocpiugkick
dt'ftno
ZjScjJ" yo'ji
^Lj foZcsi*
^
p.
375. 1 7.
The
ftf /'
dom
of persons
enallnjye
not occur so
fre-
in Hebrew, and
quently in Byrinct a
especially as
in the JM>n*w TsjilinH ; but *omo instances are
mot with
mpl
art
(tj>
in
lllp
ilop
o]
for
3rd petwn
2nd
lul
u,
for
Die
^t*?
ii
1,
1M^ r=^
P=^ j
2uL
not
iniquity,
witidne
tyt
wt and
I,
Mntwt
3rluab
vll.
18,
nvts whuro
.<?,
tbn
and yass*
his
of
wo havo
3rd per.
tho
^OMI
2nd
fot ^peenZi
H<*o
uho
Gal
iv.
21,
Inuiah xlil
f,e?.
21
in*
mio^f.
wlioro
luivn
the
loi
ing
i.<?.
^r w
4^0^; y&odt
(iwl lib*
ft**
^4^
^p* Bom,
lui
uaaio
wwi who
itWMUwhl<\
OH,
tho 3rd,
wo
pom for
187
ELLIPSIS.
63.
Ellipsis.
md his name
was Joseph. oiZoajj ^^] those who (are) like him, Bar
Heb. 328. 12. There are other words which it is
sometimes necessary to supply in order to complete
the sense ; as, a subs, in Eocles.
if a
man
shall beget
once have
Lsxxix. 35
vi, 3,
]]D
is
Zulcu
these
ttlso
John xx.
|^
understood. Psalm,
l^o^^oj J
may
35.
many passages
in which a
00/*&
of
blessmff
(may
1^] )iUo
}3a^
it
come) ^po^
fpz
^5co y& ^^
people, Ps.
iii*
9;
as, JLoftj?
^oou <nLa
^J
]><n
Heb.
vii.
18,
viii. 3.
188
COLLOCATION OF WORDS,
An
accusative
brought
viz.
1 Sam.
Noli. xiiL 25
xiv. 42.
*f
v-ic5)
Also to
^j
in
nominal ivo
7
iii-
5,
*"
to
is
Ls
w*W
"be
^^
also
IB
viz.
the
John k.
7,
lot,
some
supplied,
as
LoX]
r^^^"*
B
(UiH
Tlusni
occasionally omitted:
^^
Jor.
fo mtf,
1^
such noun a
Gen. xvi. 1;
ic /#,
as,
sometimes omitted;
is
an
ellipsis in
the Hebrew.
sentence
t '
being put?
(the fflory)
<*
pi
r/if//<?
<nio&
Matilu
///>
Hi. 4.
<*ff
ow/// h'flotttM
*^
clot hi ttff
Ju*ol?
in
ft
&* g^ry
as
repeated,
wf(ft
^?
v\ *****
^lo? t*r*"T|
Jn tho (Jm*k
L 14,
Ifkif
a*,
|om t-.moLl
)Zo>ra
2ul
JAa^
tti9thMMy 9 w&fak
us, >oo*
^, or
]iXx4
a y<?ar
is
quite
common.
COLLOCATION OP WORDS,
A few of these
The verbs
]o<n
and
of
189
instances
it
old,
us,
<-Aiiz
|o<n
Ex.
vii.
make
bricks,
tioioo
^ r^\ U^ md
oi$l
Ex,
eighty years
v.
16
they *ay to
old,
p lam
Dent. xxxi.
2.
A
is
men;
John
as, >o0ipl>
,OM
oiL)] toe
S3
viii,
object; as,
Ephraim
fcL^
p^
li^....,,v*a*
a banquet,
made
The verb is also
3.
found separated by
as,
he
y^,
<]
its auxiliary;
to be
fatigued
212. 0.
The
5, 6.
on which
T. I. p. 83. D. 3,
A noun
infinitive
it is
it
with
depends,
j]
jti.^o
where the
ib.
T. II.
prefixed comes
dependent in Ephraim
100
its
~
SYRIAC METRES.
object;
ti
as,*
lest
Tho
Acts. 7. 26.
^s
~ v^
'
N^^^
them,
object is found between the auxili-
1,
and other
places.
00
;
\>
reprove
me
^>
04,
Kyriae Metre*.
la
this
ho
is
in
where, although ho
docs
taste
for hymnology.
he composed hymn*,
(mixccfy
to
STEIAO METRES.
191
md
They were
de-
by
Michselis, signifies
Hymns
of mawy
and Uf*^i o* If^l
consisting
strophes, l^oli
poems, -*fu.
xx songs,
Psalms.
stated that
number
It
imitation
is
of the
|ac
(4^1
X
tain.
by
Ephraim
]op*^ vMft
vomited
says, in T.
cnZ^q by
the youth.
II. p. 489.
D, Uaioos
Psalms he
fatfluen.ee
which he
lived,
much
and gave
so
102
RVJIFAC METRES.
Thiw
remain.
wrve.
we know
tin*
c<mse
of tho
it
Jli.s
alhnvnnoe
wliitih
of hut
mind
know
1o ilie ronlvary,
On
io put
vvr
rity,
At
l>o
Hi<*
fi*t of
the*
numhoriul
main
ini*trc in
which Bardesancs
amo
hymn
autho-
05
tlww wordn P^
M^o^Af
qf
the powers
(in*
all
it
wrote
Hymno*
was meant to
//if/v*
wng*
19
to
(if
JhmfaaM*.
incluniv^
thr; l^tHHlictiiMMfdiitou
cally, BO tlmf
to the
mea*
It
once prrnratful to
tioit*
liow<vr,
it
may
bn
H<rt^rtain(?d
of
Ilahn, in hia
fivo wyllahlf^
," p.
M,
litM j?iv<n
the
tlio >10tli
flrnfc
is
poems
line eon-
"Bardosanoe
utrophe oonsit-
hymn-
that those
vcwo, U. och
TIiD twelfth
/<?
Atw
t&Aa
METRES.
the poem.
It
is
193
In some poems,
the
such as the 53rd,
doxology is found only at the
end of the first strophe ; but in such cases it is most
choir at least, to sing the doxology.
likely that
it
was understood
at the
known
at the time*
some
Some-
hymn
50, p. 19,
Praise
to
him, who
wut him
He is
have studied at Athens, and to have become well acquainted with the literature of the Greeks*
reported to
Some
was the
first
ItH
SYIUAC METRES.
greatest authority.
too,
note,
^ S^
n
*, tftt*
of
How
relieil
In*
fjtr
on
MM
it
tittuwlf
)cm
|fciV.a?r.!^ |ooi 2
9
wfming
w/v/#;w, allured
Kphntim
Mir\*il llml
hi*
hk Iwyktyin
(miring)
wwlium ftf/he
fheHtiilemoiil of
may
l&Jku,Z >*,$
in
/'////
/>/v*/w
fO
y^o ]Ati+9
MS.
(p,
301)
it ia
Mtd^HwrnrH
t/te
may ho
evident ifiat
wore strongly
in Ilti(n<jed
IK;
or not,
it
Is
<
erluhi that
Bphraim
also
made
He
t'H'curtH
In
Itin
Hfi\
newmipmtyinK
IUH
in
tho Btrong<mttorms*
work^ Tom,
VL p
53,
who
SYEIAXJ METRES.
195
lie
He
established
8fC. 9
them
A considerable
consists of compositions
hymnology among
portion of
metres.
in various
tho Syrians,
it is
certain that at
I have already said that the metre in which Bardesanes wrote is pentesyllabic,
i.e.
of five syllables*
indeed,
am
acquainted, thinks
that there are traces of an artificial arrangement of
by
with which, I
If
so,
that theory
02
SYEIAC METEES.
has not been discovered, and
of a Syriac metro
number
is,
that
it is
all
thai
we can
yet say
determined by a certain
In
of
this respect
syllables.
they are similar
of
the
to
measures
our o\vn hymns,
except that the
do
not
to
have
written
much in rhyme.
Syrians
appoar
Thus the
long metre.
able to Bpealc,
thorn)
mn.s
motm<4
to be confined to
subjects of a
particular character; but all of thorn are found emin lively as will
ployed
To
m in Holwuu compositions.
incc i t
wo
find that
two
of
syllables into
ono.
lt
may bo
Hero aro
]iox*0.
hymn.
Tfc to
therefore necessary to
initial
o!Wl]J
make two
syllables
Now in verbs
Into one-
ooctttfl
is
in
is i*oad
foUkfatfb chfafaho.
Synaoresis
tn tho beginning of a
vowel
gylkblo
as, <wl
not pronounced.
STEIA.O METRES,
^a| ^>ji
samenph,
hoclianph, &o.
V
//
197
as,
"
c]
It is also
fy
d'lo*mar; in Greek
words of three
syllables,
tion
cially
UcoJ
as,
the vowel
first is
elided
a long unchangeable
In the middle of a word
r'lntho*
K^aZ]
away
syllable has
in verbs; as,
In
is
]Zo<n3> allnttno.
fall
0%wa
as,
] ;
Tho vowel
in a verb,
vowel
JL; as,
end of a word
at the
may
a noun,
as,
as,
JaS&
is
M'ph ; &afpo
1^ pagr*.
first syllable
of a verse
is
In
hymn
is
51>
Tom.
we have
pen
dissyllables,
Mefatffyono
9,)*
Tho
much
difference
c.
the same
Dkeresis,
office as
SYKIAC METRES.
198
as
if
Examples
*
^ocnui^; }\~&&
Disercsis wietlicheze ;
way
schebak.
are,
^ooiA^" lialayliun;
pronounced in case of
onn^ schbak becomes in the same
metlichze,
APPENDIX.
IT in sttttml in
10, that a simple point is someimrs used for various purposes. The
practice of the
writers appears to have been to employ
Hyriiui
point, which,
by
to \Utirh
is
it
its
wn<p
IwWt
signification of a
til
flint
It is pro-
1h
some
UN
ft
following iusiunct'B of
pally from
l)<*
thft
its
Grammars
of Amira,
Hoffman and
lj-1
\i\
rrj
what
|4 fl>fV
w
w
*
>,
lls
pwi
ttot
APPENDIX,
200
coi
oon
ocn
ocn
*s
"/
*-
"
{
V"?
{^OJCTl
I
^*j0i
<***?
o&
T^
IS
king.
infant*
ywr.
APPENDIX.
201
jippruvK,
denoted
il
, *,
or
*,
*,
*.
prwrms and
tlir
iti'jiili
It'tti'i*,
it
was put
he-
di'iiolcd,
I.
sinif, ntinth.
bring oxceptod-
l'"tiu
llw
ii
distinguish the
"When
of verbs.
IITIHIS
last lit<<T I.
&
Tin*
iw
point
iuip(*nitiv
AH
H.
and
infinitive
whenever any
Iniunl
mimtwr being
\Vlwn
it
of each
first
nxocpted.
JH
it
de-
Ulltt'H,
I.
Tlw
llnrt.
2*
Tim
m*tlv
i^J,
1
l*fcel
to Pool coxtfug&tion
%ofc> %iuakj
riHtulrai It to
bo placed below;
as, >ou$io
or >cu4&
#
tho
find
pwwm
numlras of the
fixture.
Tit* following
will
of lioth
202
APPENDIX.
Prteterite.
Fern,
Masc.
3rd P 01 8 sing.
"
-9
'
2nd
............
1st
............
............
Imperative.
^o^Lo
sing.
a^o^Lo
plu.
Future,
Yett.
o.
lnj
3rd pors.
j&)
1st
3rd
Participle.
......
APPENDIX.
This point in some places is found with
and in other places with another letter of the same
word.
The
by
its situa-
We
names
of the
Lunar Months,
Scriptures.
October,
November,
December,
tM| cQia
January,
February,
March*
QAUBKIUGB.
y, 1866.
LIST OF
WORKS
PUBLISHED BT
AND
DElUIITOtf, BELL,
Agent* to ito
00.
TTnlverslty.
with a
critically revised
Bef&os
PwOwmona;
lihNHy
Vol
Arrows
Jtyth
l,
H
Vjl ;
fm MMim,
ntliifliis,
VoL HI,
PhfllppUuiL
Philemon. 18*.
IV. fturl
I.
Mi4 the
V,
Pttrt
ttftdSt,
,_
U.
towil
l
Vl
U. 8%.
ooateajiur th
Bpifitle to
New Ttamont
the
18^.
St.
Containing
w.
thi*
Plflft
B^uh;
Stray Notes on
for'tko
LIST OP
WOEKS PUBLISHED BY
to the, with
a Table of Ht. 1'uul'n TruvelK, and an Ewwiy on tho Ntuto utter Heath.
A
are
Wwcta on tiro
To
which
Fuw
Second Mitwn, enlarged.
adilod,
AtiianaHian Growl, on Justification by Fuith, and on the Ninth uml
of
of
Church
the
Seventeenth Articles
KngluuL By u
CHAPIAIN. 8vo. 8*. ftf.
BABINGTON s
BAftRETT's
(A. C.)
An
Introductory
UN UnlvwHUy of <!umbrldK<'
Companion to the
Now
Do-
Toatamont.
VWM
Koniw ui
algnod for the UHC of TncoloKioul Students ,m<l tlu*
Sohook By A. C BAHRKIT, ALA,, (tiuiihUollc^i. Kcup. Hvo, a*.
HE A MONT'fl
Concise
RevUKl by HHBIXU
BLUNT's (RBV.
J, J.)
nnivcrtlty of Cnmbrldfffl,
The
Ix^foro tho
fimt Four In trnriiiulKnf, IWIU th*- Firth
of
Unwlrod Rnd
Fifvlrth
to Itot, J, J,
ro*
th*
00,04.
1,
BBOWNB's
Couwo
TwtH
On
KsttwtrtL
(Bi>.) Mowjfth aa F<ntvhnld and
of Hormom relating to th< Mnwluli, AK JntwiinicU Iwforc tttn
I'mtoluKl boftnro thi* Uwlvmlty f (fentbriilw tit
n Miurch. 10, By tfo Rt(cht
doming- of GurlHt,
the
of
.
AtmK
Iff
t
BHQU
ftbrujry
BluIwpofKJy,
CAMBRtDGE
flyo,
(Br. W.
HO
4i.
ftf.
00.
CHBVAIAIEB's
T, CarviLUKfi, B,D,
tfwond
Bj
jfttoton.
12*
STO,
COOPSB,
P S.A M andTnowBOM
Cantabrigienses,
COOPBB, F.8.A.
4. JTndftH
ftf
&
to,
twoo.
7.
Etttowt
Keadn of
Volume 1
Volume
DINOLE's
(B^v,
J.)
III.
Volume
18*
II. 1880
1609,
18*
InthePrest.
Harmony
W.
DONALDSON'S
.)
The Theatre of
J,
the Greeks.
fttttott of
A
wi
W.
LIST OF
ELLIS
(BOBBRT
WOBK8 PUBLISHED BY
LESLIE).
EWALD's
PRAKCTS
iuoh
(Bar. JOHN),
and
w Oouraw
n
EwiU>,
Edited
Tlrtuw.,
wa
<
Bvo.
Book
[Bir. J. M.)
By tta
of Uanlel
HTO,
ITUIU^SO,
2&
or,
Bwav on
Boy,
ft*.
GOODWIN'S
KmiOiam
(**.
(thur
yr
wcmlatlieMuihoo<loruiiri^'
i;j;.
Umo.
tor tlu
64.
Srd Swte,
Stoontt
Praftw iw
imtUif' Y
GOODWIN'S
00.
TOtty
QfCwxtod|^
ByH
Supper
Church Catechism.
By H.
By
Confirmation Day.
for Young Persons turn they ought to spend that solemn day. o
thoy rttw the Vow* of their Baptifin- and we oontrmed hyme
trlth ptwor and the Iflying on of haute
By E. QOOD^W,
the meaning"of
HftokfcM
Ihe Doom of
Sin,
'
ot,
',
^KwaePritow,
By
Hands, Head, and Heart; or the Christian BeIWoft wgtwdM PrudtoftUy, Jnteaectouaiy, a^ DevofapnaDy,
Renoowi proachod before the Ottraatfy of damhndge. By
GOODVIH,
D J)
Foap, STO,
2,
64.
LIST OF
GOODWIN'S
WORKS PUBLISHED BY
Chrisfc.
A ahorfc
Pi'Alt,
Hvo.
An Kdltlou
iinntfd
tin.
Now
3r
Translation.
Hr/.
r/Aiu.u I'Ai-int, TM
FAUQUHAKSON),
Tho
ItSnity
Trinity
To which
in tultlMi
u,
A.
H<i-
JWW
to
wlttt
HUMPHIty 8
r
flflfcr*
V.
^i*fe ^2*
OoH
ofTntttty
nttlftll
pOflt nVf/
doini to ttai
HwM,
with
DEIGHTON, BBLL,
LEAO's
AJSTL 00.
(CotoffEL),
ranatkajm
fejUfpty
Mapi^ g
On Some
a Map of Africa.
Ntuniemata HeTlenica.
dix, completing a Desonptive
Coins, with. Notes Geographical
witL.
LEAPINGWELL's
and
wifii
and Appen-
Thousand Chraek
Map, and Tndeg. By
arranged according to the Syllabus of Dr. Hiixmx By G LaimaVBIL, XiL D. Dengned for the use of Studeats in the Umyecsitiee azid
8vo
12i.
LK1TB1S
-Leofrnree.
(Ds,) Oambri
to
J tiie jBtev Ptofwsor BTOOVIOK, M.A.,
LTVINQSTOOT's
r
tietbw
'
).
Memoir of the
late.
By
and an pngraTBd
at Oxford
I9mo
from
the BSJLJ?
P<xrtratt
oix
Yarions
LIST OP
WORKS PUBLISHED BY
MASKEW'e
,A,
4towid
JWtlm,
cMttrtrt.
fa*
to,
^W
aM
Mid
o^
thit
.....
of
Norember
nU
tlio
Mti.i,,
ti.
thwo
An
by Uie
Ktfrht
Bishop of Chrafc'r.
w&
MISSION
LTFti
amoi
tho
Zula-Kaflm.
of Comft>rt
fiir
tlu*
Mm^
of
Wnyfcr<irt fto
PEARSON'S
8vo.
10, fcf ,
tion of the Anefont and Modmi City, with upwatdn of One Hundred
TlhiHtratlorw, cnnHiHting of Vlmm, Qround-plan f and AeotionH
By
Ktmi:T PIKHOTTT, Doctor of MttthomutlcR, (^ntitn of the Corni of
KnKiUrtTH IA th< ttnny of Hnrdinla, Aichitoct-Kntfibocr to hi* Ex
Hooruya Puaha of JoruwilMu, and ArohiUMit of tlui Holy Land
Tlio Cuntomfl fttid Traditions of Palostino Oomth* B(bk, from OlwmitHon* mode daring A it^ldimoo of
By Dr. BKXKTK PUBKKTX, Auttwr of "JeruwOom
naml with
falj(ht
TimrB.
TO.
PHILLIPB* (Rnv.
01*
on Old ToetAraent
PSALTER
(Tlie)
ami KoU*.
to the
B'$
(.
H.)
Lmi
!M
of
ttty,
With
LIST OF
10
HCJUVENER'8(F.
H.)
Itwlvrd
nHlxwl a CritM
TW
Intioduotioa.
N'W
th*
l\y V.
il,
'IVtnmr,nt: to which
Hnuvuwu,
,ftlA.
in
Pup,
3#.
Bvo,
'
WOBKB PUBLISHED BY
An
Kauri
Tmnwnpl
of tlu'(tni>nx
AriKNKr.
nm^
full
f'nlUMl liilrodmtuMU
ll>
I''
It.
*ikm;%Hi, M,A
lU.y.il lu<i
ttfi '.
TUi
<
ni*'
^.
Novum
H.
I*
JAt|tttlu<,
,
KUlttll
MM*
If
I/",
M.
hi
I'MfJ
in
ilM,
OrWoftln
|
Centra (VUuni,
K,f
fl
T/ttmr
I.
CO,
11
HmallHm
STUDKNT'S (JUIDK
(Tho) to
Umvormty of
thft
Keup.Hvo.
f
fntnuluHltni f h> J. It
wn'H, ty
tltr
Urr
II.
Srru vf MA
<n thf
r
fAin\M, M,\,
On thi* (Vtiir^
rittiftY, M.A.
Trlixw, by tht JU v, U, I}I*HN, M, A, 1^1 th Court* of rUf*rtio r frir
(to
M.
.!>,
the* MntYMttMflnd Trtitni, Hs tbr ItftV.
*Iir MnNl
ttH'C'rmr... r^f KtwliitK
Trljx^, br thr K^v,
by
J-
it.
W,
H(|H^
('*%
t^ NutMnU
Mvvoi,, M,\, <m llr ffmr* nf Kiwilwt
Trip*! h> l^tittr^ir I.i>t'iN^, M,A. On Law MmiUn ftttrt
rmfr,Mifr J.T, Am*, M,I>. -Mid^U Xhwlf utwt
, III Mi<tmv t M,l.
JItnoi,ii Ilmtwwr,
dvll Htrvkr nt ImU'u^y tin Hv. It, tiAifU t
KxrfiuitmttiMt,* of th( Cui^i>it,v by 11 J. f
4,
Hf<rvlr',-MniUil
Ammut
f the
M^
Tim
AwJ^y
or
u I^AIIHS littHit|l n4 on
dwtimt t< tin- Miu.Iy nf l^trUkiit ytMt K"l,^tiii4Hi Utmlty.
I
4
AVY0'{
ft* M.
M/I'IUM
ttvi,
ri.l>.
A,
U*
Wwimuft,
Wlih
tulliuit
'
TODD'fl (HKV. J,
P.)
Thn
Aiionllo
Paul tmd
tlio
Au
(Jhtm-li of ri.lUpt.l,
K*p*wUiun CHt.ml MV! IrHrilcJ tl thf
tecntli rtuiptrr Tif thi^ Art. ir tlii'sUwHrtt^ nii(j of tU^ Kr^Htlm to
Ut
tar. J. F. Totn., M,A, t
ruilmphmH. My
tw
*>,
ml Transom
WATBRT/XX
ttw
Tnnhy
1t
r
"
ft.
HI,
tlir
wl|t*
n /.
0,
U
of tha Four
'*
(d
A.)
P*Hh
Yrw,
ti^Oltffciiw
Hifrnwni*
By tlw U*>
tfe
woonHnif to UM <>r4tr of
A. Wmi^J^A, BOtttdVyJ, K.
WOIIKH prni.wiiKn
UrilKWKiil/H
IWH, H,
(Ui,v, Dr.)
IKiv
ito-
tWdlilu*.
Ktaumte of Mimd'to,
W. ttmrni,
I).,
frrrA/>W<*u,iiiit<ii, sto.
|ji*(*tiHY<i
H'ftM
<,u
including
llw W. WururM,,
<t>i't*'*'.nir> /.nfwn A,
IV
rht\n>
IIY
!to<
diDMiirr
pliuttfl
wlih hn\"
{mrrh^Hl
thr
tornur Ivutlon
ilcri'fl
nM
,1,1
S'
ttn.
mum*
.'
*J*'"I>
'
'^
c,i*
,t<
(Uuv. il)
WIN WMI,
tty
tw
Mfi^n,
WIU, JAMS'
'"Mi,Vvi of
(V
?M
^V
Vf*>
AUi
II
ir.t^
i,
rulUl Umiin.v
A.K
11*)
NM* ami
AtW tbn
MiHs4*,
ti*,
(A.
4,
<fti>. *75iV
tW*"',<
frm f^*.
Di*wrruwtm
Mimi