Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By:
DEWI AWALIAH
NIM: 109014000156
ABSTRACT
Dewi Awaliah (109014000156). The Effectiveness of Picture Series towards
Students Writing Skill in Narrative Text; A Quasi-Experimental Study at the
Eleventh Grade of SMA Negeri 4 Depok academic year 2013/2014. Skripsi of
English Education Department at Faculty of Tarbiya and Teachers training of
Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta. 2014.
Keyword: Narrative Text, Pictures Series
The objective of this study is to find out the empirical data concerning
whether Pictures series as media in writing narrative text is effective towards
students writing skill in narrative text. The method used in this study was
quantitative method. The design of this study was quasi experimental design.
The writer used quasi experimental design of this study to see the effectiveness
of pictures series towards students writing skill in narrative text. The result
showed that the picture series as media in writing narrative text is effective
towards students writing skill in narrative text. The result of calculation showed
that in the significance degree of 5%, the value of t-test (to) > t-table (tt) (5.514 >
1.992). According to the criteria of the test, the result showed that there is a
significant difference between students writing skill in narrative text by using
Pictures series as media and without Pictures series. It means that, the Pictures
series is effective and applicable at the eleventh grade of SMA N 4 Depok
towards students writing skill in narrative text.
iv
ABSTRAK
Dewi Awaliah (109014000156). Keefektifan Gambar Berseri Terhadap
Keterampilan Menulis Siswa dalam Teks Naratif; Sebuah Kuasi Experimental
di Kelas Sebelas SMA Negeri 4 Depok Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014. Skripsi Jurusan
Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan, Universitas
Islan Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 2014.
Kata kunci: Teks Naratif, Gambar Berseri
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan data empiris mengenai
apakah gambar berseri efektif terhadap keterampilan menulis siswa dalam teks
naratif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif.
Desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi-eksperimental. Peneliti menggunakan desain
kuasi-eksperimental untuk melihat keefektifan gambar berseri terhadap
keterampilan menulis siswa dalam teks naratif. Hasil dari perhitungan
menunjukkan bahwa dalam taraf signifikansi 5%, hasil t-test (to) > t-table (tt)
(5.514 > 1.992). Ini menunjukkan hasil t-tes lebih tinggi dengan nilai 5.514 dari
pada t-tabel. Berdasarkan kriteria pengujian, hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa
terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks naratif
menggunakan gambar berseri dengan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis teks
naratif tanpa menggunakan gambar berseri. Itu berarti bahwa, gambar berseri
efektif dan dapat digunakan di kelas sebelas SMA Negeri 4 Depok terhadap
kemampuan menulis siswa dalam teks naratif.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the Name of Allah The Beneficent and The Merciful
Praise be to Allah Lord of the world who has bestowed upon the writer in
completing this skripsi. Peace and blessing upon our prophet Muhammad SAW,
his families, his companion and his followers.
This skripsi cannot be completed without a great deal of help from many
people, especially Mr. Dr. Atiq Susilo, M. A and Mrs. Atik Yuliyani, M. A,
TESOL as advisor who always gives his help, guidance, correction and suggestion
for the completion of this Skripsi.
Her deepest gratitude also goes to those who have helped her in finishing this
skripsi, they are:
1. Nurlena Rifai, M.A., Ph.D, the Dean of Faculty Tarbiya and Teachers
Training Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta.
2. Drs. Syauki, M.Pd., the Head of English Education Department.
3. Nida Husna, M.Pd., MA TESOL as the writers academic advisor for her
support and motivation for the writer during finishing this skripsi.
4. Zaharil Anasy, M. Hum., as the secretary of English Eduaction
Department.
5. Dra. Hj. R. Laksmi Gantini, M. Si. as the Principal of SMA Negeri 4
Depok,
6. To any other persons whose are named cannot be mentioned one for their
contribution to the writer during finishing his skripsi.
Hopefully, this skripsi can be useful to the readers, particularly to the writer.
Also, the writer realized that this skripsi is far from being perfect. It is a pleasure
for her to receive constructive critics and suggestion from anyone who read her
skripsi for valuable improvement.
Jakarta, May 2014
The Writer
Dewi Awaliah
NIM. 109014000156
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL. ............................................................................................
ii
iii
ABSTRACT.. ............................................................................................
iv
ABSTRAK..................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.......................................................................
vi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study ..................................................................... 1
B. Identification of the Problem............................................................... 3
C. Limitation of the Problem.................................................................... 3
D. Formulation of the Problem................................................................. 3
E. Objective of the Study......................................................................... 4
F. Significance of the Study....................................................................
12
13
c. Function of Picture....................................................................... 14
d. Criteria for Good Picture.............................................................
15
16
C. Conceptual of Framework...................................................................
17
D. Research Hypothesis............................................................................ 19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Place and Time of the Study................................................................ 20
B. Method and Design of the Study......................................................... 20
C. Population and Sample......................................................................... 21
D. Technique of Data Collecting.............................................................. 21
E. Validity and Reliability of the Instrument........................................... 22
F. Technique of Data Analysis................................................................. 26
G. Hypothesis Statistics............................................................................ 28
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description.................................................................................. 29
1. The Data of Experiment Class........................................................ 29
2. The Data of Control Class..............................................................
31
32
32
36
3. Hypothesis Testing.......................................................................... 37
C. Interpretation of the Data....................................................................
40
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................... 43
APPENDICES
viii
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
ix
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendices
Appendix 1: Timeline of Research..................................................................
45
Appendix 2: Syllabus.......................................................................................
47
49
98
106
107
113
122
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
J. B. Heaton, Writing English Language Test, ( New York: Longman Group, 1995),
p. 135.
2
Because the teacher just asked the student to write a narrative text without media
and realia. The last problem was students cannot make a good chronological order
in writing narrative text because the teacher did not explain how to make a good
paragraph in writing narrative text. The students have to express their idea on their
mind into a good paragraph or passage. This task is not as easy as it seems.
Students not only have to produce various sentences, but they also have to
concern on three basic elements of paragraph structure: unity, clarity, and
cohesive while constructing those sentences into a paragraph. It is evidences why
writing become the most complicated skill for the students.
On the other hand, the specific problem faced by the students in writing
narrative text is to create cohesive and systematic sentences when they write
story. According to Oshima & Hogue, narration is story writing. When we write a
narrative text, we write about events in the order that they happen. In other words,
we use time order to organize our sentences.3 Hence, they need a media to help
students in creating their ideas, making their writing cohesive or systematic and
making series of events which is constructed in a chronological order.
Media is an object that can be touched, seen, heard, and observed. One of
media which is used to help the students in writing narrative text is pictures series.
Pictures can be used to help the students in making cohesive and systematic
sentences to be the series of events which is constructed in a chronological order.
Pictures series have a number of related composite pictures linked to form a series
or sequences. It makes the students writing narrative text will be cohesive and
systematic. Pictures series also have pictures with full color. It helps the students
attracted to create their idea in writing narrative text. The students have
imagination about pictures they saw. The pictures inspire the students in
expressing their ideas into paragraph. Pictures series will be effective towards
students writing skill in narrative text because the students have motivation to
increase their potential in writing narrative text after they imagine the pictures.
Alice Oshima & Ann Hogue, Introduction to Academic Writing, ( New York: Pearson
Education, 2007), p. 24.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Theoretical Description
In this chapter, the writer discussed and elaborated some theories which
related to the study. The discussion focuses on writing narrative text and pictures
series.
1. Writing
a. The General Concept of Writing
Writing is a skill of English language which requires students to represent and
develop their own idea in a written form. Many students feel confuse on how to
begin to write a paragraph or get stuck on constructing certain genre of the text.
To be able to write well can be difficult even for the professionals. In writing
skill, students have to be able to create their idea in writing. It was not interesting
enough for the students. They did not have inspiration or idea in writing. When
students write something while they are also collecting things like facts and
concepts, it leads them to uncover something new. They know they will be
making significant discoveries as they write. Yet, students tend to have problems
when they started writing. Many students know they will solve problems if they
can just get started and keep on going. They have all kinds of strategies to keep
the writing flowing, particularly during early drafting since all students revise
their first drafts. When students revise their writing, it is time to reflect on their
draft and perhaps gotten comments from other people, they are ready to revise.
According to Clouse, when we revise the writing remember that its really
rewriting. Experienced writers work and rework drafts several times. With each
revision, know that you are acting like an experienced writer.1
When we create an idea in writing, it is similar as we communicate with
someone (the audience). We use our mind in communicating to other people
Barbara Fine Clouse, A Trobleshooting Guide for Writers, ( New York: McGaw-Hill,
2005), p. 4.
through written form. According to Donough and Shaw on their book Materials
and Methods in ELT: A Teachers Guide, they state that teacher should need, for
instance, to call on kinds of communicative criteria; on the concepts of product
and process; and on the role of formal language practice, to see how other skills
are. Writing too has developed many insights into the nature of language and
learning.2 It means that in writing skill the teacher has to make the concept of
product and process in writing activities. Writing has developed and accumulated
many insights in the language and learning.
It can be concluded that, writing is difficult language process because writing
is more complex than other language skill. The writer must include the entire
scope of information and provide the premises and content clearly so that a broad
audience will be able to read and understand the message.
usually stated directly for clarity either in a topic sentence or in thesis.5 In order
to be clear, writing should have a specific purpose. For clarity in our writing, we
have to revise and edit our writing. If we edit and revise our writing it will help
our paragraphs to be clear.
As what has been mentioned before, it can be concluded that the purposes of
writing are to inform, to persuade, to express and to entertain as general purpose.
As for specific purpose in writing, it is to make clarity in writing.
2. Narrative Text
a. General Concept of Narrative Text
Narrative is kinds of text which is learned in Senior High School. According
to Oshima, narrative is the kind of writing that you do when you tell a story. Use
time order words and phrases to show when each part of the story happens.6 Also
according to Phar and Buscemi, they state that the success of a personal narrative
essay based on the search for significance. The narrative essay tells a story, to be
sure, but the true value of the narrative comes from what the writer and reader
learn from it.7 It means that, narrative gives the readers or listeners a moral value
in every story. It is differentiate with other kinds of passages.
The purpose behind a story can give motive for readers or listeners. The
purpose of narrative is very important because the purpose of narrative determine
appropriateness of the narrative. It is easy to tell a good story, though some people
have a something special for telling entertaining anecdotes or short stories.
Everything you write has a purpose. According to Clouse, even something as
simple as a grocery list is written for a purpose. Writers often combine purposes
such as to relate experience, to inform, to persuade, and to entertain.
In addition, according to Regina et al., state that narrative paragraphs describe
a sequence of events in the present time. Just as common-if not more so-is
Ibid., p. 8.
Alice Oshima & Ann Hogue, Introduction to Academic Writing, ( New York: Pearson
Education, 2007), p. 35.
7
Donald Pharr, & Buscemi Santi V, Writing Today: Contexts and Options for the Real
Word. (New York: The McGraw Hill-Companies, 2005), p. 174.
6
narration that take place in the past.8 It means that when the students write
narrative paragraph that explain a sequence of events, they have to use the present
time. And when the students write a narration, they have to use the past time
included only the sentences that related to the topic. Apart from that, according to
Langan, he states that narration is storytelling, whether we are relating a single
story or several related ones. Through narration, we make a statement clear by
relating in detail something that has happened to us. In the story we tell, we
present the details in the order in which they happened.9 It means that, if the story
is detail, the reader will be able to see and understand just why the writer felt that
way.
As what has been mentioned before, it can be concluded that narrative is to
tell a story or a short story taken from personal experience, using a chronological
sequence of events. Narrative has a moral value in the story so the reader can
caught the moral value of the story. Narrative is a kind of story consisting of
series of events which is constructed in a chronological order. A narrative presents
an event ended with a revelation, insight, or lesson. It could be in the form of a
funny story or even the serious one depended on writers purpose in mind.
Regina L. Smalley, Mary K. Ruettten, and Joann Rishel Kozyrev, Refining Composition
Skills: Academic Writing & Grammar, ( Boston: Heinle Cengange Learning, 2012), p. 48.
9
John Langan, College Writing Skills with Reading, (5th Ed), (New York: McGrawHill,
2000), p. 195.
10
Mark and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English 2, (South Yarra: Macmilan,1997), p.
3.
or feelings.11 In means that narrative not only used to entertain, but also to give
moral value from the story to the readers. Moral value used to teach the reader a
lesson from the story.
As it is mentioned before, it can be concluded that a narrative or narration is
the chronological ordered story of past event consisting of the true value to be
learned by both: the reader and writer. It can be conclude that constructing a
successful narrative requires a good purposes, manageable ideas, and smooth
chronological sequence to be integrated in the story.
It means, a good narrative paragraph has a topic which is narrowed down, the
sentences are chronological order, and all the sentences only discuss the topic.
Usually the writer used time order to tell what happened first, what happened
next, what happened after that, and so on. Notice the kinds of words and phrases
used to show time order. These are called time order signals because they signal
the order in which events happen.
In addition, according to Ruetten and Pavlik state that in a narrative, the topic
in the story and the controlling idea is the writers attitude or feeling about the
event. A controlling idea helps to focus the paragraph and helps the reader
11
Ibid ., p. 6.
Regina, op. cit., p. 45.
13
Ibid., p.45.
12
10
understand the writers purpose and the writers tell in the story.14 It means that
the topic in narrative is event or problem in the story so that it needs the
controlling idea of the writer to keeping the idea based on the topic discuss in the
story. It makes the reader can catch the meaning of the story. Ruetten and Pavlik
also states, In narrative writing, the writer focuses on a particular incident to
support the main point. The incident consists of events that are linked in time. All
the events should support the controlling idea. The writer also includes words and
details that support the controlling idea.15 It means that in narrative writing, the
writer has to focus on particular of events to support the main point. The events in
narrative are chronological and it should support the controlling idea. According
to Clouse, narrative details are arranged in chronological (time) order. We start
with what happened first, and then we move to what happened next, and so forth.
Or we can also begin at the end and then flash back to the first event and proceed
in chronological order from there. Similarly, we can begin somewhere in the
middle of a story and then flash back to the beginning.16 It means that narrative
has chronological order in the story. It can start from first event to the last event or
start from the last event to the first event as flash back of the happened.
Narrative tells about actual experiences to make the reader feels what
happened in the story and feels the experience vicariously. It means that, effective
narrative provide a logical sequence of events and appropriate sensory
impressions. In writing narrative text, the author also needs to pay attention to the
schematic structures and elements of a narrative text.
14
Mary K. Ruetten and Cheryl Pavlik, Developing Composition Skills: Academic Writing
and Grammar (3rd Ed), (Boston: Heinle Cengange Learning, 2012), p. 32.
15
Ibid., p. 35.
16
Barbara Fine Clouse, The Student Writer: Editor and Critic (6th Ed), (New York:
McGrawHill, 2004), p. 177.
11
Orientation
This is a part in which the narrator tells the audience about who is in the
story, when the story is taking place and where the action is happening.17 It can
also be called as introductory part of a story. Therefore, the reader can figure out
what will happen next and who are involved in it.
Complication
This is the part of the story where the narrator tells about something that will
begin a chain of events. These events will affect one or more of the characters.
The complication is the trigger.18 From this part, the story begins. This is the part
where the characters totally play their role. This part also tells about the events
with the conflict or problem in the story.
Resolution
This is the part that can be found in the end of the story. This is the part of the
narrative where the complication is sorted out or the problem is solved.19 In some
narratives, the narrator includes the part which is called by coda if there is a
moral or message to be learned from the story. That is only the optional part of a
story.
As it has been mentioned before, it can be concluded that in writing narrative
text a writer has to pay attention to the schematic structures. It is very important
because a good narrative text has to consist of several parts. Schematic structures
consist of orientation, complication and resolution. In elements of narrative, there
are: point of view, characters, action and conflict, and dialogues.
17
Mark and Kathy Anderson, Text Types in English 2, (South Yarra: Macmilan,1997), p.
8.
18
Ibid ., p. 12.
Ibid ., p. 12.
19
12
4. Pictures series
a. Definition of Pictures series
According to Wright on his book Pictures for Language Learning states that,
pictures are not just an aspect of method, but through their representation of
places, objects, and people they are essential part of the overall experience. 20 It
means that, pictures can help the learners to understand the meaning of a word
because it represents the meaning of it. According to Raimes, pictures will bring
everything the outside world into the classroom in a vividly concrete way. So a
picture is a valuable resource as it provides:
1. a shared experience in the classroom;
2. a need for common language forms to use in the classroom;
3. a variety of tasks;
4. a focus of interest for students.21
Based on the theory, students will be focus and interested in writing using
picture. Students have imagination about the picture that they saw. Therefore, it
can influence to the students writing skill because they write many sentences
based on the picture and their imagination.
From the explanation above, it can be concluded that pictures series is one of
a media in study which can be used to help the teacher in delivering a material
which is given to the student. This media is used to stimulate the participation of
the student in learning process. It is needed to make learning process more
attractive. It makes the material easier to be accepted by the student. Media is
mediator between teacher and student in teaching and learning process. As one of
a media in learning process, pictures series is also intended to make students
motivation in study be increase. Pictures series are an art which is used to draw
are unmovable goods if they are arranged well.
Picture is a drawing object. It is one of visual aids that are very useful in
teaching, especially for English teaching. Pictures can really help the learners to
20
13
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)
6.)
Pictures of places
7.)
8.)
9.)
10.)
Pictures of fantasies
11.)
12.)
Pairs of pictures
13.)
14.)
15.)
Related pictures
16.)
17.)
Ambiguous pictures
18.)
Bizarre pictures
19.)
Explanatory pictures
20.)
22
14
c. Function of Picture
After identifying the definition and the types of pictures, it is also necessary to
know what the functions of pictures are. Here are some functions of picture for
the teaching-learning activity. According to Andrew Wright some functions of
pictures are:23
Skills
Pictures can be useful to give the learners an opportunity to practice the
language in real context or in the situations in which they can use it to
communicate their ideas.
Based on the statements above, it can be concluded that pictures can be used
by teachers and students whatever the emphasis of the syllabus they are following.
Pictures have some functions that related to structure and vocabulary, function
and situation, and skills.
23
15
The aid must be interesting for the learners, especially for the young learners.
24
Ibid,. p. 3.
Ibid,. p. 201.
26
Ann Raimes, Techniques in Teaching Writing, (New York: Oxford University Press,
1983), p. 36.
25
16
Jim Scrivener, Learning Teaching : The Essential Guide to English Language Teaching
(3rd ed), (New York: MacMillan, 2011), p. 350.
17
improve students skill in writing narrative text and it became one of appropriate
ways in teaching writing.
The third was taken from Lihnawati (2012) which entitled The Use of
Picture Series to Improve the Writing Ability in Writing Narrative Text of the
Eleventh Students of MA. Mathalibul Huda Mlonggo. The study was action
research which consisted of two cycles. Each cycle consisted of one meeting.
Every learning process of these cycles consisted of three stages: pre-teaching,
whilst teaching, and post-teaching. The result shows the effectiveness of picture
series in improving writing ability in narrative. It is suggested that English
teachers can use picture series as an alternative media to teach writing narrative.
They also should pay attention to size, color and attractiveness of picture series
which are used.
Those previous studies above used as references for the writer in conducting
this study and also as the comparison between those relevant studies with the
study conducted by the writer this time. The study was the effectiveness of
pictures series towards students writing skill in narrative text. The differences
between this study and previous studies were the objective of this study and the
method of this study. The objective of this study was to find the effectiveness of
pictures series towards students writing skill in narrative text. The method of this
study was quantitative method and the design of this study was quasi experimental
design. The effectiveness of pictures series can be seen from the increasing of
students post-test scores in writing test.
C. Conceptual of Framework
Writing skill is one of skills which require students to represent and develop
their own idea in a written form. Many students feel confuse on how to begin
writing a paragraph or get stuck on constructing certain genre of the text.
Narrative is kinds of text which learned in Senior High School. Narrative presents
the events chronologically from the first event to the last event. When the students
write narrative paragraph that explain a sequence of events, they have to use the
present time. As the students write narration, they have to use the past time
18
including only the sentences that relate the topic. A good narrative paragraph has
a topic which is narrowed down; the sentences are chronological order, and all the
sentences which only discuss the topic. Therefore, it needs the controlling idea of
the writer to keeping the idea based on the topic discussed in the story. It also
makes the reader can catch the meaning of the story. The writer needs a media to
control the idea.
Media is mediator between teacher and student in teaching and learning
process. One of media to help the students controlled their idea in writing
narrative text is pictures series. This media is used to stimulate the participation of
the student in learning process. It is needed to make learning process more
attractive. It makes the material easier to be accepted by the student. Pictures
series is also intended to make students motivation in study increased. Pictures
series are an art which is used to draw are unmovable goods if they arranged well.
Picture is a drawing object. It is one of visual aids that are very useful in
teaching, especially for English teaching. A picture series not only provide the
students with the basic material for their composition but stimulates their
imaginative powers. Pictures can really help the learners to ease them in
comprehending the meaning of a word, a sentence, or a paragraph. By using
picture, the learners can get the imagination about the objects or the situations.
Picture consists of lines and shapes which are drawn, painted, or printed on a
surface. It also shows a person, thing, or scene. It helps the students attracted to
create their ideas in writing narrative text. The students have imagination about
pictures they saw. Pictures series have a number of related composite pictures
linked to form a series or sequences. It makes the students writing skill in
narrative text will be cohesive and systematic.
The writer thought that those definitions have close connection to one another.
It can be supported from some theories stated in this chapter by linguists. One of
the writers purposes in conducting this study is to help students solving their
problem in writing narrative text. Many linguists agreed that pictures series is
effective to be used as the media in writing narrative text. Some teachers only
19
order the students to write narrative text without a media and the students feel
confused to start writing.
Apart from that, the pictures inspire the students in expressing their ideas into
paragraph. Pictures series is suitable as a media in writing narrative text. Based on
the explanation above, the writer thought that pictures series as an alternative
writing media is effective towards students writing skill in narrative text.
D. Research Hypothesis
The hypothesis of the study can be formulated as follows:
Ha
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
20
21
Ibid., p. 126.
22
Scoring Element
Scale
30-27
Quality
Description
Content
26-22
Good to
Average
23
21-17
16-13
Very Poor
20-18
Excellent to Fluent
Very Good
expression
stated/supported
ideas
succinct
clearly
well
Organization
17-14
Good to
Average
13-10
fluent
ideas
confused
or
9-7
Very Poor
24
20-18
17-14
Good to
Average
Vocabulary
Limited
13-10
range
frequent
errors
of
9-7
Very Poor
25-22
articles,
pronouns,
prepositions.
21-18
Language Use
Good to
Average
17-11
problems
in
simple/
complex
tense,
number,
word
25
order/function,
articles,
pronouns,
10-5
Very Poor
Virtually
no
mastery
of
sentence
few
errors
of
spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization, paragraphing.
Good to
Average
Mechanics
3
paragraphing
meaning
confused
poor
or
obscured.
Very Poor
of
spelling,
punctuation,
SCORE:
Content:__ + Organization:__ + Vocabulary:__ + Language Use:__ +
Mechanics:__ = (TOTAL SCORE)
26
Categorization
Score
EXECELLENT
80 90
GOOD
70 80
FAIR
60 70
POOR
50 - 60
Where:
Mx = Mean of Variable X
My = Mean of Variable Y
SE = Standard Error
Afterwards, the calculation goes to several processes as follows:7
1. Determining Mean of Variable X
Anas Sudijono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan. (Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada,
2008), p. 324.
7
Ibid., pp. 325--326.
27
)(
(
(
)(
)(
)(
9. Determining to
28
G. Statistical Hypothesis
The statistical hypothesis of this study can be seen as:
Ho : There is no significant progress in using picturess series towards
students writing skill in narrative text.
Ha
Ho : 1 = 2
Ha : 1 2
And then, the criteria used as follows:
1. If t-test (to) > t-table (tt) in significant degree of 0.05, Ho (null
hypothesis) is rejected. It means that the rates of mean score of the
experimental group are higher than the controlled group. The using of
pictures series is effective towads students writing skill in narrative
text.
2. If t-test (to) < t-table (tt) in significant degree of 0.05, Ho (the null
hypothesis) is accepted. It means that the rates of the means score of
the experimental group are same as or lower than the controlled group.
The using of pictures seriesis is not effective towards students writing
skill in narrative text.
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING
A. Data Description
The data were collected from students pre-test and post-test of both
classes. The data which is obtained is described into two tables. The table 4.1
showed the students score and achievement in experiment class and the table
4.2 showed the students score and achievement in control class. Each table
has five columns; the first column showed the number of students, the second
and the third column showed pre-test and post-test scores, the fourth column
showed the gain score from pre-test and post-test, and the last column showed
the catogorization in post test score.
Students
(X)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Pre Test
Score
50
60
63
56
66
61
56
61
55
61
51
Post Test
Score
78
78
80
80
78
78
80
78
79
80
78
29
Categorization in
Post Test Score
Good
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
30
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
X (Mean)
51
62
63
59
62
65
66
62
65
65
65
62
66
62
60
62
48
60
50
61
51
48
59
62
58
62
58
58
2312
59.28
80
78
80
78
80
80
78
79
78
80
80
80
80
80
78
78
79
75
80
79
75
75
80
79
78
78
74
80
3066
78.61
29
16
17
19
18
15
12
17
13
15
15
18
14
18
18
16
31
15
30
18
24
27
21
17
20
16
16
22
754
19.33
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Good
Excellent
According to the result of pre-test and post-test from the experiment class, it
shows that the lowest score of pre-test was 48 and the highest score was 66. And
the lowest score of post-test was 74 (Good) and the highest score was 80
(Excellent). The average of pre-test was 59.28 and post-test 78.61. The average of
post-test from the students who got treatment using pictures series was higher than
31
the students from control class. In this class, student who did not pass the
minimum score was one student.
Students
(Y)
Pre Test
Score
Post Test
Score
Gain Score
(Post Test-Pre Test)
Categorization in
Post Test Score
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
58
68
59
60
62
59
55
57
57
60
67
61
68
59
61
52
62
58
52
60
59
54
60
61
61
60
63
61
59
70
72
82
72
79
76
75
79
79
78
80
78
77
80
72
82
73
72
73
75
72
75
75
79
72
72
80
79
73
75
80
14
14
13
19
14
16
24
22
23
20
11
16
12
13
21
21
10
15
23
12
16
21
19
11
11
20
16
12
16
10
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Good
Excellent
32
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
(Mean)
61
59
71
60
63
71
62
61
62
2373
60.84
72
79
82
75
78
81
75
80
79
2987
76.58
11
20
11
15
15
10
13
19
17
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Good
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Good
616
15.79
Based on the table 4.2 above, it shows that the lowest score in pre-test was 52
and the highest score was 71 with the average of pre-test score was 60.84. Beside
that, the average of post-test score increased with the value 76.58. The highest
score of post-test was 82 (Excellent) ; the lowest score was 72 (Good) . The result
of post-test indicated that only 28 students who passed the standard of minimum
score of English Subject (KKM), and the rest got fewer than 75.
33
Table 4.3
Normality of Pre-test
S2 = 27.01
SD =
Mx = 59.28
Lob = 0.123587
Ltab = 0.161
= 3541.12 [59.28]2
= 3541.12 3514.11 = 27.01
34
Table 4.4
Normality of Post-test
S2 = 3.34
SD =
Mx = 78.61
Lob = 0.160318
Ltab = 0.161
= 6182.87 [78.61]2
= 6182.87 6179.53 = 3.34
35
Table 4.5
Normality of Pre-test
S2 = 20.02
SD =
My = 60.84
Lob = 0.160359
Ltab = 0.161
= 3721.56 [60.84]2
= 3721.56 3701.50 = 20.06
36
Table 4.6
Normality of Post-test
S2 = 12.71
SD =
My = 76.58
Lob = 0.155467
= 5877.20 [76.58]2
Ltab = 0.161
37
Hypothesis:
Ho: The condition of experiment class is not different from controlled class.
H1: The sample of experiment class is different from controlled class.
The criteria of the test:
= 0.05
H0: F(n1-1, n2-2) < F < F(n1-1, n2-2)
H1: F > F(n1-1, n2-2)
The formula used can be seen as follows:
or
n1-1 = 39-1 = 38
n2-1 = 39-1 = 38
F0.05(n1-1, n2-1) = 1.69 (Ftable)
From the calculation, it can be seen that F < F(n1-1, n2-2) (0.26 < 1.69).
Based on the criteria, it can be conclude that H0 is accepted. It means that the
sample in experiment class and controlled class were homogenous.
3. Hypothesis Testing
In this part, the writer calculated the data to test the hypothesis that whether
there is significant different between students writing skill in narrative text in
experiment class which pictures series and students writing skill in narrative text
in control class without pictures series. The writer calculated the data using T-test
38
formula. Two classes were compared, the experiment class was X variable and the
controlled class was Y variable.
The formula of T-test was expressed as follows:
4.
6.
5.
39
7.
8.
9.
40
41
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion
Based on the analysis result of this research, showed that the result of Ttest formula to test the hypothesis of this research. The result showed that in
significance degree of 5%, ttest (t0) > ttable (tt) (5.514 > 1.992). It means that the
result of ttest was higher than the result of ttable. So, the null hypothesis (H0) is
rejected. It means that the answer of research problem was proven that there is
a significant difference between students writing skill in narrative text by
using pictures series and without using pictures series.
B. Suggestion
After the writer carried out the research, she would like to give some
suggestion related to the research findings and discussion. The result of this
study showed that it is effective to be applied in teaching and learning process.
There are some points that the writer might suggest:
1. The teacher should use pictures series towards students writing skill in
narrative text as a media to use in their writing. So students can
produce better writing.
2. The teachers should motivate their students to keep learning and
writing use a media. It is make the students more interested to create
the sentences in writing narrative text which is unity, cohesive and
clarity based on the pictures series.
3. The teacher should be more creative to find out the various themes of
the narrative text. The narrative text is not only found at students
guide book, but the teacher can also find it out in the narrative text
collection in internet. It is better if the teacher select the story in
narrative text that is interesting for students.
42
BIBLIOGRAPHY
43
44
Oshima, Alice & Ann Hogue. Introduction to Academic Writing. New York:
Pearson Education, 2007
Paran, Amos. Literature in Language Teaching and Learning. Illinois: United
Graphics, 2006.
Pharr, Donald. And Buscemi Santi V. Writing Today: Contexts and Options for
the Real Word. New York: The McGraw Hill-Companies, 2005.
Raimes, Ann. Techniques in Teaching Writing. New York: Oxford University
Press, 1983.
Richard. Jack C. The Language Teaching Matrix. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1999.
Ruetten, Mary K. with Cheryl Pavlik. Developing Composition Skills: Academic,
Writing and Grammar (Third Edition). Boston: Sherrise Roehr, 2012.
Scrivener, Jim. Learning Teaching : The Essential Guide to English Language
Teaching (3rd ed). New York: MacMillan, 2011.
S, Dardjowidjojo. English Teaching in Indonesia. EA Journal. 1, 2000.
Regina L. Smalley, Mary K. Ruettten, and Joann Rishel Kozyrev, Refining
Composition Skills: Academic Writing & Grammar. Boston: Heinle
Cengange Learning, 2012.
Snow, Don. From Language Learner to Language Teacher: An Introduction to
Teaching English as a Foreign Language. Virginia: Teachers of English to
Speakers of Other Language, Inc (TESOL), 2007.
Sudijono, Anas. Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada,
2009.
Susetyo, Budi. Statistika Untuk Analisis Data Penelitian (Dilengkapi Cara
Perhitungan dengan SPSS dan MS Office Excel. Bandung: PT Refika
Aditama, 2010.
Wright, Andrew. Pictures for Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1989.
Wright, Andrew and David Betteridfe with Michael Buckby. Games for
Language Learning (3rd Ed). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2006.
Timeline of Research
No. Date
1.
Time
07.00-08.30
11.00-12.30
2.
First treatment
11.00-12.30
3.
Hop-O-My-Thumb.
(Control
class)
11.00-12.30
Second treatment
4.
07.00-08.30
Third treatment
11.00-12.30
5.
45
46
6.
07.00-08.30
Post-test
11.00-12.30
Appendix 2
SILABUS
Mata Pelajaran
Kelas/Program
Semester
: Bahasa Inggris
: XI (Sebelas)
: 1 (Satu)
Standar
Kompetensi
Kompetensi Dasar
Menulis
Mengungkapkan
makna dalam teks
fungsional pendek
dan esei
sederhana
berbentuk report,
narrative dan
analytical
exposition dalam
konteks
kehidupan seharihari
Materi
Pembelajaran
Kegiatan
Pembelajaran
Indikator
Penilaia
n
Alokasi
waktu
(Menit)
Sumber/
Bahan/Alat
Tugas
2x45
Pictures
Tatap Muka:
Mengungkapkan
makna dan langkah
retorika dalam esei
yang menggunakan
ragam bahasa tulis
secara akurat, lancar,
dan berterima yang
dalam berbagai
konteks kehidupan
sehari-hari dalam
teks berbentuk
report, narrative dan
analytical exposition
Teks tulis
berbentuk
narrative
Menyampaikan
informasi yang
luas dan dalam
tentang topik/tema
materi yang akan
dipelajari;
Mendengarkan
hal-hal yang perlu
diperhatikan secara
mendalam, dalam
kegiatan menulis
teks narrative;
Mereview kembali
ciri-ciri teks tulis
47
Mengidentifikasi
makna dalam teks
narrative
Mengidentifikasi
langkah-langkah
retorika dalam teks
narrative
Menghasilkan teks
berbentuk narrative
series
worksheet
48
narrative.
Tugas Terstruktur:
Mendiskusikan
berbagai aspek
dari teks seperti
isi, struktur teks
secara
berkelompok
Membuat teks
narrative
menggunakan
pictures series
Melakukan
koreksi
teman,untuk
menyempurnakan
teks narrative
yang telah dibuat
Menyempurnakan
teks narrative
yang telah dibuat
berdasarkan hasil
koreksian,teman
sejawat
Appendix 3
Treatment 1
Kompetensi Dasar
Jenis teks
Aspek/Skill
Alokasi Waktu
Tahun Pelajaran
Hari/Tanggal
: SMA N 4 Depok
: Bahasa Inggris
: XI / I
:
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek
dan teks monolog/esei tulis sederhana secara akurat, lancar,
dan berterima berbentuk narrative, narrative dan procedure
dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan mengakses ilmu
pengetahuan populer.
:
Mengungkapkan makan dan langkah-langkah retorika secar
akurat, lancar dan berterima menggunakan ragam bahasa
tulis dalam teks berbentuk narrative
: Functional text
: Menulis
: 2 x 45 menit
: 2013/2014
: Kamis, 14 November 2013
1. Indikator Pencapaian
1. Mengidentifikasi makna dalam teks narrative
2. Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dalam teks narrative
3. Menulis teks berbentuk narrative
2. Pendidikan karakter
1. Dapat dipercaya
2. Kreatif
3. Komunikatif
4. Jujur
5. Tanggung Jawab
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran
49
50
4. Materi Pembelajaran
Narrative Text
What is narrative text?
A narrative is a type of spoken or written text that tells a story of one
character or more who face certain situations.It commonly gives a moral
value to the readers or listeners.
What is the purpose?
The purpose of the narrative is to entertain the readers or the listeners with
an imaginary story.
Examples of Narrative text:
Short story
Myth
Novel
Tale
Fable
Legend, etc
What is the important characteristic of narrative text?
The most important characteristic of narrative text is marked by conflict
and resolution. The form is:
Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the
characters of the story are introduced.
Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.
Resolution
: Where the problems in the story solved.
Language Features of Narrative
Use action verbs
Action verbs are verbs that show the performance of an action.
They are dynamic verbs that show something happening. Example:
walk, run, take, go, jump, swim, etc,.
Use of temporal conjunctions
Temporal conjuction is a type of word that is used to connect
words or groups of words and it related in time.Example: after, as
soon as, before, finally, since, while, etc.
Use past tense
The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and
ended at a particular time in the past.
Pattern:
+
O
+
adverb of time
S
+
V2
I
wrote
a novel
one year ago
Joko
studied
English
yesterday
Armen
bought
a new camera
this mornin
Example of Narrative Text
Mouse Deer and Crocodile
One day, Mouse Deer went down to the river to take a drink. But
he knew that the crocodile might be waiting underwater to eat him, so he
51
said out loud. I wonder if the waters warm. Ill put in my leg and find
out. Of course Mouse Deer didnt put in his leg. He picked up a stick
instead and put one end into the water. Chomp! Crocodile grabbed the
stick and pulled it underwater. Mouse Deer laughed. Ha haha
Stupid crocodile! Cannot you tell the difference between a stick and a
leg? Then Mouse Deer ran off to drink somewhere else.
In the next day, Mouse Deer wanted to cross the river. He wanted
to eat the fruits on the other side of the river. He saw a floating log in the
river. He knew that Crocodile looked like a log when he floated. Mouse
Deer didnt want to be eaten by Crocodile when he crosses the river. He
had an idea. He called out loud, Crocodile! Crocodile rose from the
water, Hello, Mouse Deer. Have you come to be my lunch? Mouse Deer
smiled. Sorry, not today, Crocodile. I have orders from the King. He
wants to invite all the crocodiles in this river to a party. He wants me to
count all the crocodiles so he could prepare enough meal for you.
Really? Tell us what to do, said Crocodile. You must line up
from this side of the river to the other side, said Mouse Deer. Crocodile
then got all his friends and family. They lined up across the river. Mouse
Deer then jumped onto Crocodiles back. One, he counted. He jumped
onto the next crocodile, Two. And the next crocodile, Three. Mouse
Deer kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. How
many are there? asked Crocodile. Just enough, said Mouse Deer. He
laughed as he ran to the forest.
5.
6.
52
8.
Infokus
Laptop
Pedoman penilaian
Scoring Element
Scale
30-27
Quality
Description
Content
26-22
Good to
Average
21-17
16-13
Very Poor
53
20-18
Excellent to Fluent
Very Good
expression
stated/supported
ideas
clearly
succinct
well
Organization
17-14
Good to
Average
13-10
fluent
ideas
confused
or
9-7
Very Poor
20-18
17-14
Good to
Average
Vocabulary
Limited
13-10
range
frequent
errors
of
54
Very Poor
25-22
articles,
pronouns,
prepositions.
21-18
Language Use
Good to
Average
17-11
problems
in
simple/
complex
tense,
order/function,
number,
articles,
word
pronouns,
10-5
Very Poor
Virtually
no
mastery
of
sentence
few
errors
of
spelling,
capitalization, paragraphing.
punctuation,
55
Good to
Average
Mechanics
3
paragraphing
meaning
confused
poor
or
obscured.
Very Poor
of
spelling,
punctuation,
SCORE:
Content:__ + Organization:__ + Vocabulary:__ + Language Use:__ +
Mechanics:__ = (TOTAL SCORE)
Dewi Awaliah
NIM. 109014000156
Treatment 2
Kompetensi Dasar
Jenis teks
Aspek/Skill
Alokasi Waktu
Tahun Pelajaran
Hari/Tanggal
: SMA N 4 Depok
: Bahasa Inggris
: XI / I
:
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek
dan teks monolog/esei tulis sederhana secara akurat, lancar,
dan berterima berbentuk narrative, narrative dan procedure
dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan mengakses ilmu
pengetahuan populer.
:
Mengungkapkan makan dan langkah-langkah retorika secar
akurat, lancar dan berterima menggunakan ragam bahasa
tulis dalam teks berbentuk narrative
: Functional text
: Menulis
: 2 x 45 menit
: 2013/2014
: Senin, 18 November 2013
1. Indikator Pencapaian
1. Mengidentifikasi makna dalam teks narrative
2. Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dalam teks narrative
3. Menulis teks berbentuk narrative
2. Pendidikan karakter
1. Dapat dipercaya
2. Kreatif
3. Komunikatif
4. Jujur
5. Tanggung Jawab
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran
56
57
4. Materi Pembelajaran
Narrative Text
What is narrative text?
A narrative is a type of spoken or written text that tells a story of one
character or more who face certain situations.It commonly gives a moral
value to the readers or listeners.
What is the purpose?
The purpose of the narrative is to entertain the readers or the listeners with
an imaginary story.
Examples of Narrative text:
Short story
Myth
Novel
Tale
Fable
Legend, etc
What is the important characteristic of narrative text?
The most important characteristic of narrative text is marked by conflict
and resolution. The form is:
Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the
characters of the story are introduced.
Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.
Resolution
: Where the problems in the story solved.
Language Features of Narrative
Use action verbs
Action verbs are verbs that show the performance of an action.
They are dynamic verbs that show something happening. Example:
walk, run, take, go, jump, swim, etc,.
Use of temporal conjunctions
Temporal conjuction is a type of word that is used to connect
words or groups of words and it related in time.Example: after, as
soon as, before, finally, since, while, etc.
Use past tense
The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and
ended at a particular time in the past.
Pattern:
+
O
+
adverb of time
S
+
V2
I
wrote
a novel
one year ago
Joko
studied
English
yesterday
Armen
bought
a new camera
this morning
58
59
Peserta didik dibagi kedalam 8 kelompok. Masingmasing kelompok terdiri dari 5 orang.
Masing-masing kelompok diberikan Pictures Series
yang berjudul Hop-O-My-Thumb.
Peserta didik secara berkelompok menulis teks tulis
narrative dengan menggunakan media Pictures Series;
Setiap peserta didik dalam kelompok nya saling
bertukar ide untuk membuat Narrative text
menggunakan Pictures Series;
Siswa diminta memperhatikan hal-hal yang dijelaskan
dalam instruksi yang ada di Pictures Series;
Masing-masing peserta didik dalam kelompok nya
membuat satu paragraf yang berisi minimal delapan
kalimat;
Penutup dan Konfirmasi (10)
Peserta didik diberi kesempatan bertanya oleh guru
sebelum kegiatan belajar mengajar berakhir
Peserta didik diberikan tugas rumah atau PR oleh guru
berupa mencari Pictures Series untuk menulis narrative
text.
7. Sumber/Bahan/Alat
Pictures Series dengan tema Hop-O-My-Thumb from
www.tonightsbedtimestory.com
8.
Infokus
Laptop
Pedoman penilaian
Scoring Element
Scale
30-27
Quality
Description
Content
26-22
Good to
Average
21-17
60
16-13
Very Poor
20-18
Excellent to Fluent
Very Good
expression
stated/supported
ideas
clearly
succinct
well
Organization
17-14
Good to
Average
13-10
fluent
ideas
confused
or
9-7
Very Poor
20-18
17-14
Vocabulary
Good to
Average
Limited
range
frequent
errors
of
61
13-10
9-7
Very Poor
25-22
articles,
pronouns,
prepositions.
21-18
Language Use
Good to
Average
17-11
problems
in
simple/
complex
tense,
order/function,
number,
articles,
word
pronouns,
10-5
Very Poor
Virtually
no
mastery
of
sentence
few
errors
of
spelling,
punctuation,
62
capitalization, paragraphing.
Good to
Average
Mechanics
paragraphing
meaning
confused
poor
or
obscured.
Very Poor
of
spelling,
punctuation,
SCORE:
Content:__ + Organization:__ + Vocabulary:__ + Language Use:__ +
Mechanics:__ = (TOTAL SCORE)
Dewi Awaliah
NIM. 109014000156
Treatment 3
Kompetensi Dasar
Jenis teks
Aspek/Skill
Alokasi Waktu
Tahun Pelajaran
Hari/Tanggal
: SMA N 4 Depok
: Bahasa Inggris
: XI / I
:
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek
dan teks monolog/esei tulis sederhana secara akurat, lancar,
dan berterima berbentuk narrative, narrative dan procedure
dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan mengakses ilmu
pengetahuan populer.
:
Mengungkapkan makan dan langkah-langkah retorika secar
akurat, lancar dan berterima menggunakan ragam bahasa
tulis dalam teks berbentuk narrative
: Functional text
: Menulis
: 2 x 45 menit
: 2013/2014
: Kamis, 21 November 2013
1. Indikator Pencapaian
1. Mengidentifikasi makna dalam teks narrative
2. Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dalam teks narrative
3. Menulis teks berbentuk narrative
2. Pendidikan karakter
1. Dapat dipercaya
2. Kreatif
3. Komunikatif
4. Jujur
5. Tanggung Jawab
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran
63
64
4. Materi Pembelajaran
Narrative Text
What is narrative text?
A narrative is a type of spoken or written text that tells a story of one
character or more who face certain situations.It commonly gives a moral
value to the readers or listeners.
What is the purpose?
The purpose of the narrative is to entertain the readers or the listeners with
an imaginary story.
Examples of Narrative text:
Short story
Myth
Novel
Tale
Fable
Legend, etc
What is the important characteristic of narrative text?
The most important characteristic of narrative text is marked by conflict
and resolution. The form is:
Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the
characters of the story are introduced.
Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.
Resolution
: Where the problems in the story solved.
Language Features of Narrative
Use action verbs
Action verbs are verbs that show the performance of an action.
They are dynamic verbs that show something happening. Example:
walk, run, take, go, jump, swim, etc,.
Use of temporal conjunctions
Temporal conjuction is a type of word that is used to connect
words or groups of words and it related in time.Example: after, as
soon as, before, finally, since, while, etc.
Use past tense
The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and
ended at a particular time in the past.
Pattern:
+
O
+
adverb of time
S
+
V2
I
wrote
a novel
one year ago
Joko
studied
English
yesterday
Armen
bought
a new camera
this morning
65
66
Peserta didik dibagi kedalam 8 kelompok. Masingmasing kelompok terdiri dari 5 orang.
Masing-masing kelompok diberikan Pictures Series
yang berjudul The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin.
Peserta didik secara berkelompok menulis teks tulis
narrative dengan menggunakan media Pictures Series;
Setiap peserta didik dalam kelompok nya saling
bertukar ide untuk membuat Narrative text
menggunakan Pictures Series;
Siswa diminta memperhatikan hal-hal yang dijelaskan
dalam instruksi yang ada di Pictures Series;
Masing-masing peserta didik dalam kelompok nya
membuat satu paragraf yang berisi minimal delapan
kalimat;
Penutup dan Konfirmasi (10)
Peserta didik diberi kesempatan bertanya oleh guru
sebelum kegiatan belajar mengajar berakhir
Peserta didik diberikan tugas rumah atau PR oleh guru
berupa mencari Pictures Series untuk menulis narrative
text.
7. Sumber/Bahan/Alat
Pictures Series dengan tema The Tale of Squirrel Nutkin from
www.tonightsbedtimestory.com
8.
Infokus
Laptop
Pedoman penilaian
Scoring Element
Scale
30-27
Quality
Description
Content
26-22
Good to
Average
21-17
67
16-13
Very Poor
20-18
Excellent to Fluent
Very Good
expression
stated/supported
ideas
clearly
succinct
well
Organization
17-14
Good to
Average
13-10
fluent
ideas
confused
or
9-7
Very Poor
20-18
17-14
Good to
Average
Vocabulary
13-10
range
frequent
errors
of
68
9-7
Very Poor
25-22
articles,
pronouns,
prepositions.
21-18
Language Use
Good to
Average
17-11
problems
in
simple/
complex
tense,
order/function,
number,
articles,
word
pronouns,
10-5
Very Poor
Virtually
no
mastery
of
sentence
69
Very Good
few
errors
of
spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization, paragraphing.
Good to
Average
Mechanics
3
paragraphing
meaning
confused
poor
or
obscured.
Very Poor
of
spelling,
punctuation,
SCORE:
Content:__ + Organization:__ + Vocabulary:__ + Language Use:__ +
Mechanics:__ = (TOTAL SCORE)
Dewi Awaliah
NIM. 109014000156
Treatment 4
Kompetensi Dasar
Jenis teks
Aspek/Skill
Alokasi Waktu
Tahun Pelajaran
Hari/Tanggal
: SMA N 4 Depok
: Bahasa Inggris
: XI / I
:
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek
dan teks monolog/esei tulis sederhana secara akurat, lancar,
dan berterima berbentuk narrative, narrative dan procedure
dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan mengakses ilmu
pengetahuan populer.
:
Mengungkapkan makan dan langkah-langkah retorika secar
akurat, lancar dan berterima menggunakan ragam bahasa
tulis dalam teks berbentuk narrative
: Functional text
: Menulis
: 2 x 45 menit
: 2013/2014
: Senin, 25 November 2013
1. Indikator Pencapaian
1. Mengidentifikasi makna dalam teks narrative
2. Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dalam teks narrative
3. Menulis teks berbentuk narrative
2. Pendidikan karakter
1. Dapat dipercaya
2. Kreatif
3. Komunikatif
4. Jujur
5. Tanggung Jawab
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran
70
71
4. Materi Pembelajaran
Narrative Text
What is narrative text?
A narrative is a type of spoken or written text that tells a story of one
character or more who face certain situations.It commonly gives a moral
value to the readers or listeners.
What is the purpose?
The purpose of the narrative is to entertain the readers or the listeners with
an imaginary story.
Examples of Narrative text:
Short story
Myth
Novel
Tale
Fable
Legend, etc
What is the important characteristic of narrative text?
The most important characteristic of narrative text is marked by conflict
and resolution. The form is:
Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the
characters of the story are introduced.
Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.
Resolution
: Where the problems in the story solved.
Language Features of Narrative
Use action verbs
Action verbs are verbs that show the performance of an action.
They are dynamic verbs that show something happening. Example:
walk, run, take, go, jump, swim, etc,.
Use of temporal conjunctions
Temporal conjuction is a type of word that is used to connect
words or groups of words and it related in time.Example: after, as
soon as, before, finally, since, while, etc.
Use past tense
The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and
ended at a particular time in the past.
Pattern:
+
O
+
adverb of time
S
+
V2
I
wrote
a novel
one year ago
Joko
studied
English
yesterday
Armen
bought
a new camera
this morning
72
73
Peserta didik dibagi kedalam 8 kelompok. Masingmasing kelompok terdiri dari 5 orang.
Masing-masing kelompok diberikan Pictures Series
yang berjudul Puss in Boots.
Peserta didik secara berkelompok menulis teks tulis
narrative dengan menggunakan media Pictures Series;
Setiap peserta didik dalam kelompok nya saling
bertukar ide untuk membuat Narrative text
menggunakan Pictures Series;
Siswa diminta memperhatikan hal-hal yang dijelaskan
dalam instruksi yang ada di Pictures Series;
Masing-masing peserta didik dalam kelompok nya
membuat satu paragraf yang berisi minimal delapan
kalimat;
Penutup dan Konfirmasi (10)
Peserta didik diberi kesempatan bertanya oleh guru
sebelum kegiatan belajar mengajar berakhir
Peserta didik diberikan tugas rumah atau PR oleh guru
berupa mencari Pictures Series untuk menulis narrative
text.
7. Sumber/Bahan/Alat
Pictures Series dengan tema Puss in Boots from
www.tonightsbedtimestory.com
8.
Infokus
Laptop
Pedoman penilaian
Scoring Element
Scale
30-27
Quality
Description
Content
26-22
Good to
Average
21-17
74
16-13
Very Poor
20-18
Excellent to Fluent
Very Good
expression
stated/supported
ideas
clearly
succinct
well
Organization
17-14
Good to
Average
13-10
fluent
ideas
confused
or
9-7
Very Poor
20-18
17-14
Vocabulary
Good to
Average
Limited
range
frequent
errors
of
75
13-10
9-7
Very Poor
25-22
articles,
pronouns,
prepositions.
21-18
Language Use
Good to
Average
17-11
problems
in
simple/
complex
tense,
order/function,
number,
articles,
word
pronouns,
10-5
Very Poor
Virtually
no
mastery
of
sentence
76
Very Good
few
errors
of
spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization, paragraphing.
Good to
Average
Mechanics
3
paragraphing
meaning
confused
poor
or
obscured.
Very Poor
of
spelling,
punctuation,
SCORE:
Content:__ + Organization:__ + Vocabulary:__ + Language Use:__ +
Mechanics:__ = (TOTAL SCORE)
Depok, 25 November 2013
Mengetahui,
Peneliti
Dewi Awaliah
NIM. 109014000156
Kompetensi Dasar
Jenis teks
Aspek/Skill
Alokasi Waktu
Tahun Pelajaran
Hari/Tanggal
: SMA N 4 Depok
: Bahasa Inggris
: XI / I
:
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek
dan teks monolog/esei tulis sederhana secara akurat, lancar,
dan berterima berbentuk narrative, narrative dan procedure
dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan mengakses ilmu
pengetahuan populer.
:
Mengungkapkan makan dan langkah-langkah retorika secar
akurat, lancar dan berterima menggunakan ragam bahasa
tulis dalam teks berbentuk narrative
: Functional text
: Menulis
: 2 x 45 menit
: 2013/2014
: Kamis, 14 November 2013
1. Indikator Pencapaian
1. Mengidentifikasi makna dalam teks narrative
2. Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dalam teks narrative
3. Menulis teks berbentuk narrative
2. Pendidikan karakter
1. Dapat dipercaya
2. Kreatif
3. Komunikatif
4. Jujur
5. Tanggung Jawab
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran
78
79
In the next day, Mouse Deer wanted to cross the river. He wanted
to eat the fruits on the other side of the river. He saw a floating log in the
river. He knew that Crocodile looked like a log when he floated. Mouse
Deer didnt want to be eaten by Crocodile when he crosses the river. He
had an idea. He called out loud, Crocodile! Crocodile rose from the
water, Hello, Mouse Deer. Have you come to be my lunch? Mouse Deer
smiled. Sorry, not today, Crocodile. I have orders from the King. He
wants to invite all the crocodiles in this river to a party. He wants me to
count all the crocodiles so he could prepare enough meal for you.
Really? Tell us what to do, said Crocodile. You must line up
from this side of the river to the other side, said Mouse Deer. Crocodile
then got all his friends and family. They lined up across the river. Mouse
Deer then jumped onto Crocodiles back. One, he counted. He jumped
onto the next crocodile, Two. And the next crocodile, Three. Mouse
Deer kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. How
many are there? asked Crocodile. Just enough, said Mouse Deer. He
laughed as he ran to the forest.
5.
6.
80
8.
Infokus
Laptop
Pedoman penilaian
Scoring Element
Scale
30-27
Quality
Description
Content
26-22
Good to
Average
21-17
16-13
Very Poor
20-18
Excellent to Fluent
Very Good
expression
stated/supported
ideas
succinct
clearly
well
81
17-14
Organization
Good to
Average
13-10
fluent
ideas
confused
or
9-7
Very Poor
20-18
17-14
Good to
Average
Vocabulary
Limited
13-10
range
frequent
errors
of
9-7
Very Poor
25-22
articles,
pronouns,
82
21-18
Language Use
Good to
Average
17-11
problems
in
simple/
complex
tense,
order/function,
number,
articles,
word
pronouns,
10-5
Very Poor
Virtually
no
mastery
of
sentence
few
errors
of
spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization, paragraphing.
Mechanics
4
Good to
Average
paragraphing
meaning
confused
poor
or
83
Very Poor
of
spelling,
punctuation,
SCORE:
Content:__ + Organization:__ + Vocabulary:__ + Language Use:__ +
Mechanics:__ = (TOTAL SCORE)
Dewi Awaliah
NIM. 109014000156
Kompetensi Dasar
Jenis teks
Aspek/Skill
Alokasi Waktu
Tahun Pelajaran
Hari/Tanggal
: SMA N 4 Depok
: Bahasa Inggris
: XI / I
:
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek
dan teks monolog/esei tulis sederhana secara akurat, lancar,
dan berterima berbentuk narrative, narrative dan procedure
dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan mengakses ilmu
pengetahuan populer.
:
Mengungkapkan makan dan langkah-langkah retorika secar
akurat, lancar dan berterima menggunakan ragam bahasa
tulis dalam teks berbentuk narrative
: Functional text
: Menulis
: 2 x 45 menit
: 2013/2014
: Senin, 18 November 2013
1. Indikator Pencapaian
1. Mengidentifikasi makna dalam teks narrative
2. Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dalam teks narrative
3. Menulis teks berbentuk narrative
2. Pendidikan karakter
1. Dapat dipercaya
2. Kreatif
3. Komunikatif
4. Jujur
5. Tanggung Jawab
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran
84
85
86
Stupid crocodile! Cannot you tell the difference between a stick and a
leg? Then Mouse Deer ran off to drink somewhere else.
In the next day, Mouse Deer wanted to cross the river. He wanted
to eat the fruits on the other side of the river. He saw a floating log in the
river. He knew that Crocodile looked like a log when he floated. Mouse
Deer didnt want to be eaten by Crocodile when he crosses the river. He
had an idea. He called out loud, Crocodile! Crocodile rose from the
water, Hello, Mouse Deer. Have you come to be my lunch? Mouse Deer
smiled. Sorry, not today, Crocodile. I have orders from the King. He
wants to invite all the crocodiles in this river to a party. He wants me to
count all the crocodiles so he could prepare enough meal for you.
Really? Tell us what to do, said Crocodile. You must line up
from this side of the river to the other side, said Mouse Deer. Crocodile
then got all his friends and family. They lined up across the river. Mouse
Deer then jumped onto Crocodiles back. One, he counted. He jumped
onto the next crocodile, Two. And the next crocodile, Three. Mouse
Deer kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. How
many are there? asked Crocodile. Just enough, said Mouse Deer. He
laughed as he ran to the forest.
5.
6.
87
8.
Infokus
Laptop
Pedoman penilaian
Scoring Element
Scale
30-27
Quality
Description
Content
26-22
Good to
Average
21-17
16-13
Very Poor
20-18
Excellent to Fluent
Very Good
expression
stated/supported
ideas
succinct
clearly
well
88
Organization
17-14
Good to
Average
13-10
fluent
ideas
confused
or
9-7
Very Poor
20-18
17-14
Good to
Average
Vocabulary
Limited
13-10
range
frequent
errors
of
9-7
Very Poor
25-22
89
order/function,
articles,
pronouns,
prepositions.
21-18
Language Use
Good to
Average
17-11
problems
in
simple/
complex
tense,
order/function,
number,
articles,
word
pronouns,
10-5
Very Poor
Virtually
no
mastery
of
sentence
few
errors
of
spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization, paragraphing.
Mechanics
Good to
Average
paragraphing
poor
90
handwriting
meaning
confused
or
obscured.
Very Poor
of
spelling,
punctuation,
SCORE:
Content:__ + Organization:__ + Vocabulary:__ + Language Use:__ +
Mechanics:__ = (TOTAL SCORE)
Dewi Awaliah
NIM. 109014000156
Kompetensi Dasar
Jenis teks
Aspek/Skill
Alokasi Waktu
Tahun Pelajaran
Hari/Tanggal
: SMA N 4 Depok
: Bahasa Inggris
: XI / I
:
Mengungkapkan makna dalam teks tulis fungsional pendek
dan teks monolog/esei tulis sederhana secara akurat, lancar,
dan berterima berbentuk narrative, narrative dan procedure
dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan mengakses ilmu
pengetahuan populer.
:
Mengungkapkan makan dan langkah-langkah retorika secar
akurat, lancar dan berterima menggunakan ragam bahasa
tulis dalam teks berbentuk narrative
: Functional text
: Menulis
: 2 x 45 menit
: 2013/2014
: Kamis, 21 November 2013
1. Indikator Pencapaian
1. Mengidentifikasi makna dalam teks narrative
2. Mengidentifikasi langkah-langkah retorika dalam teks narrative
3. Menulis teks berbentuk narrative
2. Pendidikan karakter
1. Dapat dipercaya
2. Kreatif
3. Komunikatif
4. Jujur
5. Tanggung Jawab
3. Tujuan Pembelajaran
91
92
93
Stupid crocodile! Cannot you tell the difference between a stick and a
leg? Then Mouse Deer ran off to drink somewhere else.
In the next day, Mouse Deer wanted to cross the river. He wanted
to eat the fruits on the other side of the river. He saw a floating log in the
river. He knew that Crocodile looked like a log when he floated. Mouse
Deer didnt want to be eaten by Crocodile when he crosses the river. He
had an idea. He called out loud, Crocodile! Crocodile rose from the
water, Hello, Mouse Deer. Have you come to be my lunch? Mouse Deer
smiled. Sorry, not today, Crocodile. I have orders from the King. He
wants to invite all the crocodiles in this river to a party. He wants me to
count all the crocodiles so he could prepare enough meal for you.
Really? Tell us what to do, said Crocodile. You must line up
from this side of the river to the other side, said Mouse Deer. Crocodile
then got all his friends and family. They lined up across the river. Mouse
Deer then jumped onto Crocodiles back. One, he counted. He jumped
onto the next crocodile, Two. And the next crocodile, Three. Mouse
Deer kept jumping until he arrived on the other side of the river. How
many are there? asked Crocodile. Just enough, said Mouse Deer. He
laughed as he ran to the forest.
5.
6.
94
8.
Infokus
Laptop
Pedoman penilaian
Scoring Element
Scale
30-27
Quality
Description
Content
26-22
Good to
Average
21-17
16-13
Very Poor
20-18
Excellent to Fluent
Very Good
expression
stated/supported
ideas
succinct
clearly
well
95
Organization
17-14
Good to
Average
13-10
fluent
ideas
confused
or
9-7
Very Poor
20-18
17-14
Good to
Average
Vocabulary
Limited
13-10
range
frequent
errors
of
9-7
Very Poor
25-22
96
order/function,
articles,
pronouns,
prepositions.
21-18
Language Use
Good to
Average
17-11
problems
in
simple/
complex
tense,
order/function,
number,
articles,
word
pronouns,
10-5
Very Poor
Virtually
no
mastery
of
sentence
few
errors
of
spelling,
punctuation,
capitalization, paragraphing.
Mechanics
Good to
Average
paragraphing
poor
97
handwriting
meaning
confused
or
obscured.
Very Poor
of
spelling,
punctuation,
SCORE:
Content:__ + Organization:__ + Vocabulary:__ + Language Use:__ +
Mechanics:__ = (TOTAL SCORE)
Dewi Awaliah
NIM. 109014000156
Appendix 4
Instrument of the Test
Name: ................................
Class: .................................
Write a narrative text using the pictures series with the title Cinderella or the Little Glass
Slipper!
Requirement:
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You may use two pictures in a paragraph
d. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your writing
www.tonightsbedtimestory.com
98
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal five paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You may use two pictures in a paragraph
d. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your writing
99
100
www.tonightsbedtimestory.com
From "The Tale Of Peter Rabbit" by Beatrix Potter
Illustrations by Beatrix Potter
100
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You may use two pictures in a paragraph
d. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your writing
101
102
www.tonightsbedtimestory.com
From "The Tale Of Squirrel Nutkin" by Beatrix Potter
Illustrations by Beatrix Potter
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You may use two pictures in a paragraph
d. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your writing
www.tonightsbedtimestory.com
From "The Fairy Book" by Miss Mulock
Illustrations by Gustave Dor
103
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of sixth sentences
c. You may use two pictures in a paragraph
d. You must think the coherence, unity, and clarity in your writing
www.tonightsbedtimestory.com
105
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You may use two pictures in a paragraph
d. You must think the coherence, unity, and clarity in your writing
www.tonightsbedtimestory.com
LicenseFrom "The Fairy Book" by Miss Mulock
Illustrations by Felix Lorioux
104
Appendix 5
MADRASAH ALIYAH DAIL KHAIRAAT
JL.PETA BARAT KALIDERES
JAKARTA BARAT
INTER-RATER PADA UJI VALIDITAS INSTRUMENT WRITING
NARRATIVE TEXT
KELAS XI IPS
No
NAMA
Rater 1
Rater 2
(English Teacher)
(Writer)
STUDENT 1
68
65
STUDENT 2
72
75
STUDENT 3
70
70
STUDENT 4
72
70
STUDENT 5
66
67
STUDENT 6
68
65
STUDENT 7
75
78
STUDENT 8
80
80
STUDENT 9
70
68
10
STUDENT 10
78
78
11
STUDENT 11
80
80
12
STUDENT 12
78
75
13
STUDENT 13
65
68
14
STUDENT 14
73
73
15
STUDENT 15
76
78
16
STUDENT 16
80
80
17
STUDENT 17
72
75
18
STUDENT 18
75
75
19
STUDENT 19
80
80
20
STUDENT 20
75
75
TOTAL
1473
1475
Mean
73.65
73.75
106
Appendik 6
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your writing
107
108
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your writing
109
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your writing
110
Name: ................................
Class: .................................
Write a narrative text using the pictures series with the title The Tale of Squirrel
Nutkin!
Requirement:
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your writing
111
Name: ................................
Class: .................................
Write a narrative text using the pictures series with the title Puss in Boots!
Requirement:
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your writing
112
Make a narrative text based on these picture series. They are some requirements:
a. Minimal three paragraphs
b. Each paragraph consists of eight sentences
c. You must think the cohesive, unity, and clarity in your
writing