1.1 HTML Fundamentals

HTML Basics
HTML, Text, Images, Tables
Table of Contents
1.
Introduction to HTML
How the Web Works?
What is a Web Page?
My First HTML Page
Basic Tags: Hyperlinks, Images, Formatting
Headings and Paragraphs
2.
HTML in Details
The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <head> Section: Title, Meta, Script,
Style
2
Table of Contents (2)

HTML in Details
2.
3.
The <body> Section

Text Styling and Formatting Tags
Hyperlinks: <a>
Hyperlinks and Sections
Images: <img>
Lists: <ol>, <ul> and <dl>
HTML Special Characters
The <div> and <span> elements

3
How the Web Works?
WWW use classical client / server architecture

HTTP is text-based request-response protocol
HTTP
Page request
HTTP
Server response
Client running a
Web Browser
Server running Web

Server Software
(IIS, Apache, etc.)
What is a Web Page?
Web pages are text files containing HTML

HTML Hyper Text Markup Language
A notation for describing
document structure (semantic markup)
formatting (presentation markup)
Looks (looked?) like:
A Microsoft Word document
The markup tags provide information about

the page content structure
5
Creating HTML Pages

An HTML file must have an .htm or .html
file extension
HTML files can be created with text editors:

NotePad, NotePad ++, Sublime Text
!
Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors):
Microsoft WebMatrix
Microsoft Expression Web
Microsoft Visual Studio
Adobe Dreamweaver
HTML Past, Present, Future

HTML first mentioned Tim Berners-Lee HTML tags!
1993 HTML (first public version, published at IETF)!
1993 HTML 2 draft!
1995 HTML 2 W3C!
1995 HTML 3 draft !
1997 HTML 3.2 Wilbur!
1997 HTML 4 Cougar CSS !
1999 HTML 4.01 (final)!
2000 XHTML draft !
2001 XHTML (final)!
2008 HTML5 / XHTML5 draft!
2011 feature complete HTML5!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5#Plan_2014
1991
HTML Terminology
Tags, Attributes and Elements
HTML Terminology
Concepts
in HTML!
Tags!
Opening tag and closing tag!

The smallest piece in HTML!
Attributes!
Properties of the tag!

Size, color, etc !
Elements!
Combination of opening, closing tag and

attributes
HTML Tags
Tags
are the smallest piece in HTML

Document!
Start with "<" and end with ">"!
Two
kinds of tags!
Opening!
Mark the start of an

HTML element!
Closing!
Mark the end of an

HTML element!
Start in "</"
Opening tag
<html>

<body>

<h1>Hello Pesho!</h1>

</body>

</html>
Closing tag
Attributes
Attributes
are properties of HTML Elements!
Used to set size, color, border, etc!

Put directly in the tags!
Has value surrounded by " " or ' '!
The value is always a string
<!- makes a hyperlink to Google -->

<a href="http://google.com"> go to Google</a>
<!- makes a horizontal line -->!
<hr width="95%" size="3px"/>
<!- adds an image in the web page -->
<img src="images/ninja.png"/>
Some tags don't

have closing tag
10
Most Common Attributes

There
are some attributes that are common

for every HTML element!
Id, class, name, style!
And
some attributes are specific!
For example the attribute src of the img

element!
Shows the path to the image to be shown
11
HTML Elements
HTML
Elements are combination of tags and

attributes!
Opening tag with some or none attributes and
a closing tag
<a href="http://google.com"> go to Google</a>
<html></html>
12
HTML Terminology
Live Demo
HTML Document Structure

HTML Document, Doctype, Head, Body

Some
elements are essential to each HTML

Document:!
html, head, body, doctype!
The
html element!
Used to mark the beginning and ending of a

HTML document!
All the content of the web page is inside this
tag
<html>

</html>
15
Head Element
The
head tag contains markup that is not

visible to the user (i.e. the person using the
browser)!
But helps the browser to render correctly the
HTML document!
What
is in there?!
Styles, scripts!
Declare encodings!
Etc..!
The title tag - the text in the tab of a
browser
16
Body Element and Doctype

element contains all the visible to the
user markup!
body
Headings, text, hyperlinks, images, etc!

Textboxes, sliders, buttons!
Doctype
is kind of the validator of the page!
Tells the browser in which version of HTML the

page is written!
HTML 5 Doctype
<!DOCTYPE html>
17

Live Demo
HTML Common Elements

Used in 90% of all the sites
Live Demo
HTML Basics
Text, Images, Tables, Forms
HTML Structure
HTML is comprised of elements and tags

Begins with <html> and ends with </html>
Elements (tags) are nested one inside another:
! <html> <head></head> <body></body> </html>
Tags have attributes:

! <img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" />
HTML describes structure using two main sections:

<head> and <body>
22
HTML Code Formatting
The HTML source code should be formatted to

increase readability and facilitate debugging.
Every block element should start on a new line.
Every nested (block) element should be indented.
Browsers ignore multiple whitespaces in the page
source, so formatting is harmless.
For performance reasons, formatting can be

sacrificed
23
First HTML Page

test.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>My First HTML Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is some text...</p>
</body>
</html>
24
First HTML Page: Tags

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

Opening tag
<html>

<head>


</head>

<body>

Closing tag

</body>

</html>
An HTML element consists of an opening tag, a closing tag

and the content inside.
25
First HTML Page: Header

HTML header
<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html>

<head>


</head>

<body>


</body>

</html>
26
First HTML Page: Body

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html>

<head>


</head>

<body>


</body>

</html>
HTML body
27
Some Simple Tags

Hyperlink Tags
!
! <a href=http://www.itacad.org/"

! title="ITacad">Link to ITacad Web site</a>
Image Tags
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
Text formatting tags

This text is <em>emphasized.</em>

<br />new line<br />

This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>
28
Some Simple Tags Example

some-tags.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html>

<head>

<title>Simple Tags Demo</title>

</head>

<body>

<a href=http://www.itacad.org/" title=

"ITacad site">This is a link.</a>

<br />


<br />

<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.

</body>

</html>
29
Some Simple Tags Example (2)

some-tags.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html>

<head>

<title>Simple Tags Demo</title>

</head>

<body>

<a href="http://www.itacad.com/" title=

"ITacad site">This is a link.</a>

<br />


<br />

<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.

</body>

</html>
30
Some HTML Tags

Live Demo
Tags Attributes
Tags can have attributes

Attributes specify properties and behavior
Attribute alt with value "logo"
Example:
!<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
Few attributes can apply to every element:
id, style, class, title

The id is unique in the document
Content of title attribute is displayed as hint
when the element is hovered with the mouse
Some elements have obligatory attributes
32
Heading Tags (h1 h6)

! <h1>Heading 1</h1>

! <h2>Sub heading 2</h2>

! <h3>Sub heading 3</h3>
Paragraph Tags
! <p>This is my first paragraph</p>

<p>This is my second paragraph</p>
Sections: div and span

<div style="background: skyblue;">

This is a div</div>
33
Headings and Paragraphs Example

headings.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html>

<head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></
head>

<body>

<h1>Heading 1</h1>

<h2>Sub heading 2</h2>


!
!
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>


<div style="background:skyblue">

This is a div</div>!

</body>

</html>
34
Headings and Paragraphs Example (2)

headings.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<html>

<head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></
head>

<body>

<h1>Heading 1</h1>



!
!
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>


<div style="background:skyblue">

This is a div</div>!

</body>

</html>
35

Live Demo
Introduction to HTML
HTML Document Structure in Depth
Preface
It is important to have the correct vision and

attitude towards HTML
HTML is only about structure, not appearance
Browsers tolerate invalid HTML code and
parse errors you should not.
38
The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
HTML documents must start with a document

type definition (DTD)
It tells web browsers what type is the served code
Possible versions: HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0
(Transitional or Strict), XHTML 1.1, HTML 5
Example:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1!Transitional//EN"
transitional.dtd">
See http://w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html for a list

of possible doctypes
39
HTML vs. XHTML
XHTML is more strict than HTML

Tags and attribute names must be in lowercase
All tags must be closed (<br/>, <img/>)
while HTML allows <br> and <img> and
implies missing closing tags (<p>par1
<p>par2)
XHTML allows only one root <html> element
(HTML allows more than one)
40
XHTML vs. HTML (2)

Many element attributes are deprecated in
XHTML, most are moved to CSS
Attribute minimization is forbidden, e.g.
! <input type="checkbox" checked>

!
!<input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />
Note: Web browsers load XHTML faster than

HTML and valid code faster than invalid!
41
The <head> Section
Contains information that doesnt show

directly on the viewable page
Starts after the <!doctype> declaration
Begins with <head> and ends with </head>
Contains mandatory single <title> tag
Can contain some other tags, e.g.
<meta>
<script>
<style>
<!- comments -->
42
<head> Section: <title> tag
Title should be placed between <head> and </

head> tags
! <title>ITacad Academy Winter Season
! 2009/2010 </title>
Used to specify a title in the window title bar

Search engines and people rely on titles
43
<head> Section: <meta>
Meta tags additionally describe the content

contained within the page
<meta name="description" content="HTML
tutorial" />

!
<meta name="keywords" content="html, web
design, styles" />

<meta name="author" content="Chris

Brewer" />

!
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;
url=http://www.itacad.org />
44
<head> Section: <script>
The <script> element is used to embed

scripts into an HTML document
Script are executed in the client's Web
browser
Scripts can live in the <head> and in the
<body> sections
Supported client-side scripting languages:

JavaScript (it is not Java!)
VBScript
JScript
45
The <script> Tag Example

<!DOCTYPE HTML>!
scripts-example.html
<html>

<head>

<title>JavaScript Example</title>

<script type="text/javascript">

function sayHello() {

document.write("<p>Hello World!<\/p>");

}

</script>

</head>

<body>

<script type=

"text/javascript">

sayHello();

</script>

</body>

</html>
46
Using Scripts
Live Demo
<head> Section: <style>
The <style> element embeds formatting

information (CSS styles) into an HTML page
<html>

style-example.html
<head>

<style type="text/css">

p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; }

p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; }

span { text-transform: uppercase; }

</style>

</head>

<body>

<p>Styles demo.<br />

<span>Test uppercase</span>.

</p>

</body>

</html>
48
Embedding CSS Styles

Live Demo
Comments:  Tag
Comments can exist anywhere between the

<html></html> tags
Comments start with 
<!- ITacad Logo (a JPG file) -->

<img src="logo.jpg" alt=ITacad Logo">

<!- Hyperlink to the web site -->

<a href=http://itacad.org/">ITacad</a>

<!- Show the news table -->

<table class="newstable">

...
50
<body> Section: Introduction
The <body> section describes the viewable

portion of the page
Starts after the <head> </head> section
Begins with <body> and ends with </body>
<html>

<head><title>Test page</title></head>

<body>



</body>

</html>
51
Text Formatting
Text formatting tags modify the text between

the opening tag and the closing tag
Ex. <b>Hello</b> makes "Hello" bold
<b></b>
<i></i>
<u></u>
bold
italicized
underlined
<sup></sup>
<sub></sub>
<strong></strong>
Samplesuperscript
Samplesubscript
strong
<em></em>
<pre></pre>
emphasized
Preformatted text
Many of the formatting tags are deprecated

Use CSS instead
20
Text Formatting Example

text-formatting.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<title>Page Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Notice</h1>

<p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p>

<p><pre>Next paragraph:

preformatted.</pre></p>

<h2>More Info</h2>

<p>Specifically, were using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />

Next line.</p>

</body>

</html>
53
Text Formatting Example (2)

text-formatting.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<title>Page Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Notice</h1>

<p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p>

<p><pre>Next paragraph:

preformatted.</pre></p>

<h2>More Info</h2>

<p>Specifically, were using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />

Next line.</p>

</body>

</html>
54
Text Formatting
Live Demo
Hyperlinks: <a> Tag
Link to a document called form.html on the

same server in the same directory:
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a>
Link to a document called parent.html on

the same server in the parent directory:
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a>
Link to a document called cat.html on the

same server in the subdirectory stuff:
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a>
56
Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (2)
Link to an external Web site:
<a href="http://www.devbg.org"
target="_blank">BASD</a>
!
Always use a full URL, including "http://",

not just "www.somesite.com"
Using the target="_blank" attribute opens
the link in a new window
Link to an e-mail address:
<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug+Report">

Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>
57
Hyperlinks: <a> Tag (3)

Link to a document called apply-now.html
On the same server, in same directory

Using an image as a link button:
! <a href="apply-now.html"><img

!
src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>
Link to a document called index.html

On the same server, in the subdirectory english
of the parent directory:
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to
English version</a>
58
Hyperlinks and Sections
Link to another location in the same document:

! <a
href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a>

...

! <h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>
Link to a specific location in another document:

<a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to Section
3.1.1</a>

<!- In chapter3.html -->

...

<div id="section3.1.1">

<h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3>

</div>
59
Hyperlinks Example
hyperlinks.html
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br />

<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br />

<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br />

target="_blank">BASD</a> <br />

<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug
Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>

<br />

<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-nowbutton.jpg /></a> <br />

<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English
version</a> <br />
60
Hyperlinks Example (2)

hyperlinks.html
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a> <br />

<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a> <br />

<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a> <br />

target="_blank">BASD</a> <br />

<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug
Report">Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>

<br />

<a href="apply-now.html"><img src="apply-nowbutton.jpg /></a> <br />

<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to English
version</a> <br />
61
Hyperlinks
Live Demo
Links to the Same Document Example

links-to-same-document.html
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>

<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br />

<a href="#section2">Some background</a><br />

<a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />

...the rest of the table of contents...



<h2
...
<h2
...
<h3
...
id="section1">Introduction</h2>

Section 1 follows here ...

id="section2">Some background</h2>


id="section2.1">Project History</h3>

Section 2.1 follows here ...
63
Links to the Same Document Example (2)

links-to-same-document.html
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>

<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br />

<a href="#section2">Some background</A><br />

<a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />

...the rest of the table of contents...



<h2
...
<h2
...
<h3
...
id="section1">Introduction</h2>


id="section2">Some background</h2>


id="section2.1">Project History</h3>

Section 2.1 follows here ...
64
Links to the Same Document

Live Demo
Images: <img> tag

Inserting an image with <img> tag:
<img src=apply-now-button.jpg border=2 />
Image attributes:
! src
! alt
height
!
width
! border
Location of image file (relative or absolute)

Substitute text for display (e.g. in text mode)
Number of pixels of the height
Number of pixels of the width
Size of border, 0 for no border
Example:
<img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" />
52
Miscellaneous Tags
<hr />: Draws a horizontal rule (line):

! <hr size="5" width="70%" />
<center></center>: Deprecated!
! <center>Hello World!</center>
<font></font>: Deprecated!
<font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font>

<font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>
67
Miscellaneous Tags Example

misc.html
<html>

<head>

<title>Miscellaneous Tags Example</title>

</head>

<body>

<hr size="5" width="70%" />

<center>Hello World!</center>

<font size="3" color="blue">Font3</font>

<font size="+4" color="blue">Font+4</font>

</body>

</html>
68
Miscellaneous Tags
Live Demo
Ordered Lists: <ol> Tag

Create an Ordered List using <ol></ol>:!
<ol type="1">

<li>Apple</li>

! <li>Orange</li>

<li>Grapefruit</li>

!</ol>
Attribute values for type are 1, A, a, I, or i

1.
2.
3.
Apple

Orange

Grapefruit
A.
B.
C.
Apple

Orange

Grapefruit
a.
b.
c.
Apple

Orange

Grapefruit
i.
ii.
iii.
I.
II.
III.
Apple

Orange

Grapefruit
Apple

Orange

Grapefruit
70
Unordered Lists: <ul> Tag
Create an Unordered List using <ul></ul>:

<ul type="disk">

! <li>Apple</li>

! <li>Orange</li>

<li>Grapefruit</li>

! </ul>
Attribute values for type are:

disc, circle or square
Apple

o Apple

Apple

Orange

o Orange

Orange

Pear
o Pear
Pear
71
Definition lists: <dl> tag
Create definition lists using <dl>

Pairs of text and associated definition; text is in
<dt> tag, definition in <dd> tag
<dl>
!

<dt>HTML</dt>

! <dd>A markup language </dd>

! <dt>CSS</dt>

<dd>Language used to </dd>

!
</dl>
Renders without bullets

Definition is indented
72
Lists Example
<ol type="1">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ol>
lists.html
<ul type="disc">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>A markup lang</dd>
</dl>
73
Creating Lists
Live Demo

Symbol Name
HTML Entity
Symbol
Copyright Sign
©
Registered Trademark Sign
®
Trademark Sign
™
Less Than
<
Greater Than
>
Ampersand
&
<
>
&
Non-breaking Space

Em Dash
—
Quotation Mark
"
Euro
€
British Pound
£
Japanese Yen
¥
"
61
Special Characters Example

<p>[>>  Welcome
special-chars.html
  <<]</p>

<p>►I have following cards:

A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>

<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫

music ♫</p>

<p>© 2006 by Svetlin Nakov & his
team</p>

<p>IT Academy</p>
76
Special Chars Example (2)

<p>[>>  Welcome
special-chars.html
  <<]</p>

<p>►I have following cards:

A♣, K♦ and 9♥.</p>

<p>►I prefer hard rock ♫

music ♫</p>

<p>© 2006 by Svetlin Nakov & his
team</p>

<p>IT Academy</p>
77

Live Demo
Section Elements
Using <DIV> and <SPAN>
Block and Inline Elements
Block and Inline Elements
Block elements add a line break before and after them

<div> is a block element
<div> creates logical divisions within a page
Used with CSS
Other block elements are <table>, <hr>, headings,

lists, <p> and etc.
Inline elements dont break the text before and after

them
<span> is an inline element
Most HTML elements are inline, e.g. <a>
80
The <div> Tag
<div> creates logical divisions within a page
Block style element
Used with CSS
Example:
div-and-span.html
<div align=center style="font-size:24px;
color:red">DIV example</div>

<p>This one is <span style="color:red; fontweight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
81
<DIV>
<DIV>
Live Demo
The <span> Tag
Inline style element

Useful for modifying a specific portion of text
Don't create a separate area
(paragraph) in the document
Very useful with CSS
span.html
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; fontweight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>

<p>This one is another <span style="font-size:
32px; font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>
83
<SPAN>
Live Demo
<SPAN>some text</span>
Semantic Structural Tags
The Structure of a Web Page

A
sample layout structure of a Web Page
The "HTML 4 and Before" Way

Using
divs with IDs
The IDs are needed for styling

<html>!
<head>
<body>!
<div
<div
<div
<div
<div
</body>!
</html>
</head>!
id="header"> </div>!
id="navigation"> </div>!
id="sidebar"> </div>!
id="content"> </div>!
id="footer"> </div>!
34
The HTML 4 Way

Live Demo
The HTML 5 Way

In
HTML 5 there are semantic tags for layout
<nav>, <header>, <footer>, <section>

!
<html>
!
<head> </head>!
!
<body>!
! <header> </header>!
<nav> </nav>!
! <aside> </aside>!
<section> </section>!
!
<footer> </footer>!
</body>
!
!
</html>
!
Work only on newer browsers

36
Semantic Structural Tags

Live Demo
Remember
It
is important to have the correct vision and

attitude towards HTML
HTML is only about structure, not appearance
Browsers tolerate invalid HTML code and
parse errors you should not
Always think about semantics
The W3C
HTML Validator is a way to validate

your HTML
http://validator.w3.org/
38
HTML Basics
Questions?
?
Exercises
1.
Write an HTML page like the following:

* Use headings and divs
93
Exercises (2)
2.
Write an HTML page like the following:
!
!
!
!
!
!
3.
Write an HTML page looking like the PNG file named

3.Introduction.PNG. Using the <a> tag add anchors
to the corresponding sections in the same page.
94
Exercises (3)
95
Exercises (4)
4.
Create an user profile

Web page Profile.html,
friends page named
Friends.html and info page
named Info.html. Link
them to one another
using <a> tag.
96
Exercises (5)
Create a Web site like the following:
5.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
See the image InetJava-site.jpg.
97

1.1 HTML Fundamentals

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1.1 HTML Fundamentals

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HTML Basics

HTML, Text, Images, Tables

Table of Contents (2)

The <body> Section

The <div> and <span> elements

How the Web Works?

WWW use classical client / server architecture

Server running Web

What is a Web Page?

Web pages are text files containing HTML

Looks (looked?) like:

A Microsoft Word document

The markup tags provide information about

Creating HTML Pages

HTML files can be created with text editors:

Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors):

HTML Past, Present, Future

Opening tag and closing tag!

Properties of the tag!

Combination of opening, closing tag and

are the smallest piece in HTML

Mark the start of an

Mark the end of an

are properties of HTML Elements!

Used to set size, color, border, etc!

<!- makes a hyperlink to Google -->

Some tags don't

Most Common Attributes

are some attributes that are common

some attributes are specific!

For example the attribute src of the img

Elements are combination of tags and

HTML Document Structure

HTML Document Structure

elements are essential to each HTML

Used to mark the beginning and ending of a

head tag contains markup that is not

Body Element and Doctype

Headings, text, hyperlinks, images, etc!

is kind of the validator of the page!

Tells the browser in which version of HTML the

HTML Document Structure

HTML Common Elements

HTML is comprised of elements and tags

Tags have attributes:

HTML describes structure using two main sections:

HTML Code Formatting

The HTML source code should be formatted to

For performance reasons, formatting can be

First HTML Page

First HTML Page: Tags

An HTML element consists of an opening tag, a closing tag

First HTML Page: Header

First HTML Page: Body

Some Simple Tags

Text formatting tags

Some Simple Tags Example

Some Simple Tags Example (2)

Some HTML Tags

Tags can have attributes

Few attributes can apply to every element:

id, style, class, title

Headings and Paragraphs

Heading Tags (h1 h6)