Jael Anne Fabul

B5D

Homework 1
1. 10 Branches/fields of biology and their meaning.
Cellular biology or cytology is the branch of biology which studies the structure
and function of cells. This discipline is responsible for understanding amongst other
matters the properties, structures and functions of these as well as their interaction
with the environment.
Molecular biology is the discipline which studies the biological processes on a
molecular level. The truth is that this branch shares elements of biology with
chemistry, particularly genetics and biochemistry. It focuses mainly on studying the
interactions of different cell systems.
Developmental biology is the branch of biology that studies the development of
living organisms from birth until death.
Marine biology is the branch of biology that is responsible for studying all the
creatures that live within the marine environment.
Physiology is the study of the functions of living beings. A branch that deals with
studying the respiratory, reproductive, nervous system etc.
Genetics is an exciting branch of biology that attempts to study biological heritage
which is transmitted from generation to generation. It is a fairly complex branch
whose main object is the study of genes formed by segments of DNA and RNA.
Zoology is the discipline responsible for study animal life.
Botany, the discipline of biology that deals directly with the study of plants.
Ecology is the branch of biology that is responsible for studying the relationship of
living beings on the planet with their natural habitat. So it is the study of everything
that affects the adaptation of living organisms to their different habitats, as an be
climate or geology.
Microbiology, a science or branch of biology that focuses on the study of
microorganisms, which are the smallest living things. These organisms are
completely invisible to the human eyes, they are only visible through the use of a
microscope.
2. Steps of scientific method

Step
Step
Step
Step
Step

1:
2:
3:
4:
5:

Ask a question or identify a problem

Background research
Form a hypothesis
Experiment and observe
Draw a conclusion.

3. Manifestations/Characteristics of life

Living things have 7 characteristics in common.

1. Made up of cells - Cells are the basic unit of life. Living things are composed of
cells.

2. Cellular Organization - Living things are able to organize simple things into
complex things. Humans can organize cells that are alike into tissues and organs.
3. The Chemicals of Life - Living cells are composed of similar chemicals, water,
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
4. Energy Use - Living things use energy to repair and function -- your brain cells
are using energy right now.
5. Response to Surroundings - Living things react to changes in environment.
Populations evolve over time. You respond to your surroundings when you are
startled by a car horn.
6. Growth and Development - Living things grow from the energy found in
organic molecules and develop, becoming more complex over time.
7. Reproduction - Living things duplicate their genetic code and produce
offspring.
4. Different theories of life
Theory of Special Creation
According to this theory, all the different forms of life that occur today on
planet earth, have been created by God, the almighty.
Organic Evolution
Evolution (also known as biological or organic evolution) is the change over
time in one or more inherited traits found in populations of organisms.
Inherited traits are particular distinguishing characteristics, including
anatomical, biochemical or behavioural characteristics, that are passed on
from one generation to the next.
Materialistic Theory
According this theory, the origin of life on earth is the result of a slow and
gradual process of chemical evolution that probably occurred about 3.8 billion
years ago. Chemical evolution refers to molecular evolution is the process of
evolution at the scale of DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Theory of Consecutive Creations
The idea of extinction paved the way for the theory of catastrophism or
consecutive creations, one of the predecessors of the evolution theory.
Catastrophism is the idea that Earth has been affected in the past by sudden,
short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope.
Clay Theory
Clay theory postulates that complex organic molecules arose gradually on a
pre-existing, non-organic replication platformsilicate crystals in solution.

5. The relevance of biology in our field which is marketing, is it will help us to

understand a specific behavior of a human nature in that way we can provide
customers need in a certain situation.

Homework 2
1. Types of Compounds

Molecular compounds
Salts

2. What are the organic compounds?

All organic compounds make use of carbon in some way, but not all carbonbased molecules are regarded as organic. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, for
example, are relatively simple and are usually regarded as outside of the organic
group despite their use of carbon.
3. Give at least 5 diseases that are related to the lack or absence of
organic compounds in the body

Cytinosis
Cystinuria
Fabry Disease
Galactosemia
Hunter syndrome