English

Chapter 1 Communication
Communication is the act of passing or sharing
information from one person to another
- It is also the sharing or exchanging of thoughts,
ideas, feelings with others or within a group.
- Latin term cum-munis to work publicly together
with
Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren weaver
communication is the process of sending and
receiving message or transferring information
from one part (sender) to another (receiver)
3 primary parts
1. Sender (encoder)
2. Channel (noise source)
3. Receiver (decoder)
David Berlo SMCR model of communication
Sender (S) the sender in other words also called
the source or encoder is the one from whom
the thought originates. He is the one who
transfer the information to the receiver.
Message (M) an individual converts his thoughts
into words, a message is created. The process
is also called encoding
Channel (C) channel actually refers to the
medium how the information flows from the
sender to the receiver
Receiver (R) the decoder of the message, this
is also called as decoding.
Noise (N) is any type of disruption that interferes
with the transmission or interpretation of
message from the sender to the intended
recipient.
Internal Noise is noise within you while
speaking. Internal noise can be controlled
however. Ever heard that little voice inside your
head telling you that something is good or bad,
or what or what not to do?

External Noise on the other hand cannot

always be controlled. External noise is the noise
in your surroundings by other people and the
environment. An example of external noise
would be giving a speech in class and someone
would to sneeze in the middle of your speech
messing up your internal thoughts.
Barriers to communication
Physical Barriers these are environmental
elements that affect a persons ability to process
or convey information
Physiological Barriers these are bodily or
organic characteristics of the speaker or listener
that interfere with the transmission or reception
of information
Psychological Barriers people commonly are
not too receptive of ideas that do not sit well with
their own beliefs
Communication in Business
3 basic elements always make up the
communication process;
1. Communicator source or speaker or
transmitter
2. Message code or idea
3. Receiver listener or recipient
Medium the language used in the
communication process, the means to transmit
the message or idea
Communication may be define as the act or
process of transmitting or sending a message
Encoding the act of transmitting a message
(communicator, source, speaker, or transmitter)
Decoding receiving and understanding
message
4 skills associated with language
1. Listening (decoding)
2. Speaking (encoding)
3. Reading (decoding)

4. Writing (encoding)
Feedback the receiver response or answer to
some information or message from the source
- Feedback may be verbal or non-verbal
- It may be positive or negative
Organizational Communication
2 Structures
1. Formal communication usually follows
the same lines and patterns of an
organizational chart
2. Informal communication often referred
to us grapevine, a form of
communication whose lines and routes
change as fact as personal relationships
among organization members change
(chismis)
3 formal communications channels
1. Upward gives management feedback or
information needed for planning,
decision making and controlling
Informal discussion
Reports
Attitude
Grievance procedure
Counseling

Exit interview
Union
Formal meeting
Suggestion system
Employee publication
Open-door policy
Grapevine
2. Downward
Small group meeting
Company publication
Supervisory meeting
Mass meeting
Letters to employees homes
Bulletin boards
Inserts in pay envelopes
Public address announcement
Posters
Open house and plant tours
3. Horizontal
Meetings and conferences
Seminars and workshops
Telephones and intercoms
socials
2 basic functions
1. To give and receive directions
2. To give and receive information