VALVES Construction: Operation Troubleshooting - ServiceIn the petroleum industry, valves are used to eontrol the flow Of Liquids and gases. In the Valves program, the trainee will learn about the con- struction and operation of the most widely used valves such as gate, globe, plug, and check valves. He will also learn what valves should be used with various types of service and how to troubleshoot difficulties that may develop due to fouling, leakage, or wear.INSTRUCTIONS ‘This is a programed learning course, Programed learning gives information in a series of steps called frames. Each frame gives some information and asks you to make use of it Here is how it works, First, cover the response column at the right with @ mask, ‘Read this frame and use the Information it blank, ‘ll in the ‘A micrometer is an instrument designed to measure in thousandthe of an inch, A micrometer is « good tool for measuring very Aifferences in sie. ‘Move the mask down to uncover the word at the right of the frame. If you have Mlled the blank with that word or a word ‘that means the same, you are ready to go ahead to the next frame. ‘The drawing of a microneter provides information that will help you Ail in the next blanks, opsect Tose MEASURED ‘a eee cat FRAME Seven major parte are shown in the drawing, but only’ ‘the ____and the ___"" contact the object to be measured. anvil; spindle‘The next frame ealls for a choice. Circle or underline the ap- propriate word. Of the two parts that contact the object, only the (anvil/ spindle) moves. A program is a series of frames that work like the ones you hhave just done: Read the frame. ‘Use the information to fill in the blanks or make a choice. ‘Move the mask down and check the response column, Go on to the next frame, Remember to cover the response column with @ mask before ‘you begin eaeh page. spindleVALVES 1, Liguids or gases low from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure, A pipe is connected toa tank of water. ‘The water flows out of the pipe opening because the pressuro in the tank is (greater/les) than the preseure outside. seveater 2 There (is/is not) a pressure difference, is 3. For a liguid or gas to flow, a pressure —__ difference, or drop mist exist 4. Suppose the opening of the pipe is partially closed with a piece of sheet metal. ‘The amount of flow (changes/stays the same). "The amount of flow is (less/more). If the opening of the pipe is completely close, the flow ee 7. Changing the size of the opening of the pipe (changes/ oes not change) the amount of flow. nay ry& Flow through « pipe ia stopped by closing the pipe's ‘opening, or end 9. By changing the size of opening of a pipe, the (rate/ direction) of flow is controled. rate 10, In industrial piping, control of flow is of high impor- tance Mechanical devices that are used in industrial piping for flow control are called valves 11, Basically, a valve stops flow through a pipe by- dosing - the ~“"* “or the pip. opening 412, A valve that is half open allows (half/maximum) flow halt to unis 12, When a valve allows some flow, but not maximum fo, it fs anid to he in the throttling position, ‘To throitie with a valve is to regulate the (rate/diree- tion) of flow. rate 14, A valve that is in the completely open position allows (some/maximum) flow. ‘maximum, 15. Any valve can be in one of three positions: throttling fully opened, or ———— ET fully closed GATE VALVES 16, Two pipes are tightly joined together. Flow (can/eannot) exist through them. can 2117. A piece of sheot metal is inserted between the joints. SHEET METAL, The flow stopped 18 This shows two gate valves installed between two pipes. Liquid is flowing through (valve A/valve B). valve A 19, A gate valve stops flow by placing a metal gate ‘cross the opening. 20. When the valve is completely open, the gate is raised (partially/eompletely) out of the line of flow. completely 21. In the open position, the gate causes (practically no/ much) resistance to flow. practically no 22. When flow encounters resistance or changes direction, turbulence and pressure covet. drop 3]22, 25. 2, BRR a. {In an open gate valve, there is little —___ or Aron. ‘Tho enclosure of a gate valve is such that it (permits/ ‘does not permit) the gate to be completely raised out of the line of flo. ‘low exists due to pressure, ‘When a gato valve stops the flow, the gute (rossts/ does not resist) the pressure. ‘The gate has to be strong enough to withstand the — of the flow. ‘The pipes are always attached to the body of the valve. BONNET Bo0v 7 meanseo ENDS ‘This valve has a body with ends with bolt holes in them. ‘The end ofthe pipe is also ‘The pipe and valve are held together ‘To have a tight, leak-proof connection, @ is inserted between pipe and valve ‘The part of the valve that is mounted on top of the body to form a tight enclosure is called the (41 ‘turbulence: pressure permits resists pressure, or force flanged flanged sasket bonnet82 In this valve, the bonnet and body are also bolted to- gether. BONNET GASKET Bony Between the bonnet and body, a bonnet —__ snsket is inserted for tight closure. ‘Stem Designs 38, Look at thia valve. ‘The gate of this valve is attached to a stom. Tho stem oes through a stuffing box located in the bonnet [5184, The stuffing box is filled with a material called packing 85, The function of the packing is to (hold the stem/stop leakage). stop leakage 36. If the stuffing box is not packed properly, the valve ar Teak 37. The stem of this gate valve is threaded at the (hand- wheel/gate) end. hhandwheel 88, The threaded end of the stem screws through the stem bushing. STEM STEM BUSHING : HAND WHEEL ‘The threads of the stem (are/are not) engaged by the are threads of the bushing. 90, ‘The handwhee! and the atem bushing are solidly con- nected. AS the jandwhecl Is turned, the stem bushing = ‘turns, or moves 40, The bottom of the stem Is solidly connected to the aaa ate 41, ‘Neither the gate nor the stem can turn, As the handwheel is turned, the threaded bushing en- ‘gages the threads of the ——_ stom 18)ry 43. ns 45. 46 a. 48, ‘This makes the stem go If the stem rises, the gate also If the handwheel is turned in the opposite the stem and gate are pushed (down/up), In this type of gate valve, the stem (rises/does not rise). ‘As the stem rises, It rises (outside/Inside) of the valve. ction, ‘This type of valve also has an outside yoke to support the handiwhee! and bushing. ‘The abbreviation for this type of gate valve Is OS & Y, which stands for and yoke, In an OS & Y gate valve, the stem (can/cannot) be seen ‘when the valve is open. 1. By looking at an OS & Y valve, an operator can tell itthe valve is or closed. 50. ‘The valve stem may also be threaded on the bottom, sTeM GATE ‘With such a stem, a gate is used that is ‘on the inside, (a INSIDE THREADS up, or down down cousite ‘outside stem open ‘threaded51, The handwheel of such a valve is solidly attached to the stem, sTeM FLANGE BONNET ‘The part of the stem that passes through the honnet has ae tak, 82, Due to the flange on the stem, the stem (can/eannot) ‘move up or down. ‘As the handwhee! is turned, the stem — 54, As the stem turns, It engages the threads on the Inside of the gate, As the stem serews into the gate, Gown) the gate, it (pulls up/pushes 155, If the handwheel is turned in the opposite direction, the stem unscrows and the gate is pushed 56. In such a valve design, the stem (rises/does not rise) 51, The abbreviation for such a valve is NRS. NNRS stands for non- ta] ange cannot tums pulls up down, oes not rise rising stem58, This drawing shows a valve with a bonnet threaded fon the inside ‘The threads of the bonnet (engage/do not engage) the threads of the stem, 59, The handwheel and the stem are also solidly connected. As the handwheel is turned, the stem ———__. 60, ‘The threads on the stem engage the threads of the G1, As the stom engages the bonnet threads, it (must also/ ‘need not) move up or down, 62. Aa tho stom rises, the handwheo! also 68, ‘The stom is attached to the gate, ‘As the stem is raised, the gate Review G4, A gate valve stops flow by placing a metal ‘setoas the opening. 85. The part of the valve that is connected to the pipe is the ‘of the valve, 466. A fanged-end body is (bolted/welded) to the pipe. 61. The top part of the valve that is mounted onto the body to form a tight enclosure is the ‘of the valve, 9] engage bonnet must also rises, oF opens gato, oF dize body, oF fange boltedinstalled, it leaks at point ‘Tightoning the bolte (may /annot) stop the Toakag 69, If tightening the bolts docs not stop the leakage, re placing the ‘may be necessary. srasket 70, A worn gasket can cause leakage not only at point A ‘but at point as well, B T1, The leakage at point C is from the stem. "This type of leakage oceurs due to improper —___ packing of the stuffing box. [ 10)72. In an OS & ¥ gate valve, the stom is threaded on top ‘7%, Both of these valves are open. Valve A is an (OS & ¥/NRS) valve. NRS 74, Valve B is an (OS & ¥/NRS) valve, osey 7, In areas where not much overhead clearance existe, an valve is used, RS. 716 The line of flow through an open gate valve is (in a straight/not in a straight) line ina straight 77. When a gate valve is completely open, the gate TS af the line of flow. cont 7% The turbulence in a completely opened gate valve is high/low). low 79, ‘The pressure drop scross a completely opened gate valve’ ie ots Ore itl, or small In}Gate Designs 80. The stem raises or lowers the gate. The gate is the part ‘of the valve that controls the opening, When the gate is lowered to stop all Now, it makes a daa ae 1 The sat vingn and th gate (maka not. make) co. ae aca ase BO ae pel tee ce aoa ee a ta Wimisisie cea ete a 84 When a val i throng regulates the teh Yeon) of ow a gis ao Ae ee gee bal Peters het rire lk | Dy 2 ‘he ge wil erode in pustion (4/B). B (32186, 8, 90, a1. 92, 93, 4, %, ‘The valve in B is (throttling/allowing fall flow). ‘The wear on the valve in B will be (evenly/unevenly) distributed If the gate and the seat rings are worn or eroded tn- ‘evenly, positive shutoff upon closing (is/is not) possible. ‘The design of the gate can vary. The most common one is the sold wedge gate Such a gate is made out of (one part/two parts). Complete shutoff with a solid gate is accomplished ‘through a close fit between the gate and the ‘A solid wedge gate is lowered into closed position, ‘The flow exerts pressure on (one side/both sides) of the sate. As the gate is raised, the flow will press the gate against ring (4/8). Whether the gate is lowered or raised, there is more friction between the gate and seat ‘This flow-preasure action tends to wear out (loth seats/ one seat) quicker. When seat ring B wears beyond a certain point, com- plete shutof becomes [31 throttling unevenly is not fone part seat rings ‘one side one seat, ‘impossible96, Another type of gate is the parallel dises and wedges ate, ‘This type of gate Is made out of (one/many) parts. many 97, When closing, the parallel dises descend between two ‘matching seats. When the lower wedge, or spreader, reaches the stop, it (can/eannot) descend further. ‘cannot 98 As the stem continues to descend, it (forces/does not foree) the upper spreader onto the lower one. forces (1)100, ant 102, 108. 104, 105, ‘As the uppor spreader is foreed onto the lower spreader the dises are pushed (ontward/inward). ‘This outward push forees the dises against the With this type of gate, a very tight closing (is/is not) possible. One side of this diae is worn more than the other side WORN DISC: Because of the tight closing: produced by the wedging faction, wear on one side (stil allows/prevents) complete shutof. ‘The dises are attached to the spreader in such a way that they can folate when they are raised or lowered Due to the rotation, when wear occurs it is (moro oven/ uneven). ‘When opening such a gate, the first turn of the hand- wheel (raises the discs/rleases the spreader pressure), Tn some systems, temperature changes and pipe ex. pansion ean warp the hody of a valve, causing extreme pressure on the pate Warping (con/cannot) cause the gate to sti 1351 outward seat rings still allows releases the spreader pressure106, Unier such conditions a parallel dise gate is uso. ‘As soon as the upper spreader is raised, it (releases/ Goes not release) the wedging pressure release 107. As the wolging pressure is released, the dises (become freer/remain tightly wedged). ‘become freer 108, Under conditions where warping of the valve body an oceur, a (Golkd wetge/parallel disc) gate is easier parallel dise te operate. 109. Suppose a material with coarse pactcles Ja being han- ade, Because it has more parts, it is easier for a (slid gate/ parallel dise gate) to become fouled by particles. parallel dise gate 110, A parallel dise sate shoul be used with (any type of| ‘mataral/eelatively clean material), relatively clean material 111, At times, itis nocossary to mount a valve in the vert- eal postion PARALLEL DISC GATE ‘A ulid gate (can/eannot) be used in a vertieal position can 112 Beeause of the wedges, it is (easy/dificult) for a easy parallel dise gto in the vertical position to malfunction, 113. Another type of gate isthe sot epit gate ‘SPLIT GATE (FLEXIBLE) ‘The gate is made out of (one pleve/many pieces). one piece [161114, The outer edges of such a gate (are/are not) flexible 115, As the valve Dody warps, it exerts pressure on the gate, ‘The outer edges of the split gate (will give/are rigid). Review : 116. A gate valve stops flow by placing @ seross the opening. 117. ‘The gate has to make a tight fit with the to produce positive shutoff. 118. In an open gate valve, there is (litle/much) resistance 1 flow. 119, Tho erésion that oceurs in a throttling gate is (even/ saneven). 320. Identity these gatas, tan will give solid parallel dise solid split1, a, a, 124 125, 126, a 128, ‘Threading ean be loeated on ditferent parts of the stem. In an OS & Y valve the stom is threaded on —_. ‘The abbreviation NRS stands for valve. When @ valve is used in an area where there is not ‘much overhead clearanee, an (OS & Y/NRS) valve is used, ‘The material put in the stuing box is called the ‘The packing is used to (hold the stem/prevent leakage) If possible, a gate valve (should/should not) be used for throtiling For longer seat ring and gate life, a gate valve should hoe used in systems where it is (frequently/not fre- quently) closed or opened. ‘An operator looking at an OS & Y valve (can tell/ cannot tll) whether the valve is open or closed. GLOBE VALVES 129, In a gate valve, the flow is in a straight line, without bend In the globe valve, the line of flow (changes/dous not change) direction, 181 top non-ising stem NRS packing prevent leakage should not ‘ot frequently can tell130, 131. 139, 138, 134, 136, With the change of direction, turbulence (vecurs/oes int occ) ‘Turbulence increases the —_____ drop across the valve, ‘A gobo valve will produce a (higher/lower pressure Arop than a gate valve, ‘The seats in a gate valve are perpendiclar to the line of flow GATE VALVE GLOBE VALVE, seats ‘SEAT In the lobe valve. the seat is (narallel/alan perpene Alieulae) to the line of flow. Tn the gate valve, all contact between the seating and the gate ends (as soon as flow hegins/only when the valve is completely open). 5. Suppose a gate valve Is being operated to increase flow. Friction Detwoen the gate and the seats ends only when the gate is eomplotely — Ina globe ve, the dise comes down onto the seat. Flow starts (as soon as/some time after) seat and dise contact is broken [191 pressure higher parallel only when the valve is completely open oven137, 138. 139, 140. ut, 12, 1a, uu, us. us. Ina gate valve, there is much wear due to friction ‘when closing: and opening. In a globe valve, there is (very litle/much) wear due to friction, When a gate valve is partially open, (all of the gate/ part of the gate) is exposed to flow eresion. When a globe valve is partially open, (all/part) of the dlise ia exposed to flow. Weir or erosion of a dise is likely to be (even/uneven).. Because the gate in a gate valve is held between two seat rings, it (cen/eannot) turn. Suppose the dise of a globe valve is free to rotate on ‘the stem. “Liquid flowing through the opening between seat and dise can cause the dise to Due to tho turning, point A on the dise (will/will not) ahvays make contact with point A on the seat ring. ‘The wear due to the contact frietion is (more even/ uneven) on the die of @ lobe valve. When the sett and dise wear evenly, after long use complete elosure is (still possible/not possible). Suppose a globe valve isin a thratling position. ‘When the direction of flow is from A to B, the flow is from (under/the side of) the dise. (20) very little part of the gate all cannat rotate, or turn will not till possible underut. 148, us, 150. WI. 152, 158, 154, When the flow is from A to B, there (is/is no) turbue lence or preassure drop. ‘Suppose the flow is from B to A. ‘The turbulence (increases/decreases). For the least pressure drop, a globe valve should be installed so that the flow is’ from (under/the side of) the dise. ‘There are also globe valves which can be installed as shown. ‘The flow through an angle valve has (more/fewer) ‘changes of direction than in a regular globe valve ‘The turbulence through an angle globe valve will be (less/more) than through a regular globe valve. ‘The stem in a gate valve ia only for raising and low ing the gate. ‘The stem in a globe valve, besides raising and lowering the dise, must also the dise into the seat ring. In a gate valve, the gate is guided into place by the seating. In a globe valve, the stem (guides/does not guide) the disc, ‘The part of the globe valve that controls the opening is called the tay uniter fewer guide, or position guides ise155, Globe valve dises come in different designs, The most ‘widely used one is the plug disc. & SEAT RING: Plus o1se "Tho plug die is (cone /ball) shaped, cone 156, "The seat ring has a (matching/nonmatehing) cone- matching shaped center. 167. Abrasive particles in liquids ean chip or nick the dise. ise Nick on en If the nicks or chips are not too large, tight closing is (still possible/not possible). still possible 168, A plug dise is used for heavy throttling service. Even after some wear occurs, positive shutoff is still = : possible 159. ‘This drawing shows @ composition dise. METAL SOFT MATERIAL, Gg RING Here, the dise is made out of (how two ‘manj) different materials. [221160, When completely closed, the seat ring makes contact swith the (sott/hard) part of the dise, soft 161. Piping sometimes must handle liquids containing small, hhard particles, ‘These particles can accumulate on the seats OF discs HARD PARTICLES PLUG Disc COMPOSITION DISC ‘Such secumalstion, if uneven, (ean/eannot) prevent a can plug dise from completely closing. 162. When a composition ise is used, fine particles (can/ ‘eannat) embed themselves in the soft part of the disc. can 169. A composition dice with partiloe embodded in it (enn/ cannot) make a tight shutoff. ean 164. ‘This drawing shows a conventional dise. ‘The disecto-scat area is (larger/smaller) than a plug smaller ise. 165. If such a ise is nicked or worn at point A, tight clo- ‘sure is (possible/not possible). not possible 166, For extensive throttling service, a (plug/eonventionsl) plug Ase is preferred. 167, With a conventional dise, the contact between seat and dine (ia/is not) metal-to-metal, is 131168, Here, a small piece of a hard substance is eaught on the sout. PLus 01s CONVENTIONAL DISC A conventional dise (can/cannot) crush such a particle ean ‘more easily than a pug ise 169, ‘There are three major types of discs used in globe valves. ‘The dise that has the largest disetoseat area of contact is the —_ type. plug 170. A conventional disc, upon closing, (makes/does not ‘make) motal-to-metal contact, makes TL. Ina campasition diss, the seating makes contact with the (hari/soft) material of the die. soft 17 When a globe valve is used for extensive thrttling service (plug/eompostion) dise is used, plug 178, The stem in a globe valve( guides/does not guide) the ules dig into the seating X74, When a valve with litle turbulence is neoded, a (gate/ stlobe) valve is used. sate 178, For throttling serviee, a (globe/gate) valve is desirable, lobe 176. A gate valve has an enclosure that allows for the gate to bbe out ofthe line of flow. "The dise in a globe valve, when completely open, (i/ isnot out of the fe is ot X77, To minimize presute drop acroee a globe valve, the ‘lbw shouldbe from (under/the side of) the dise ander Now tr We pone, i) am the book ove,17S, ‘The outside appearance of a gate valve is (the same as/ Alifferent from) a glabe valve. diferent from 179. A gate valve can be recognized by looking at it, 8 ° Valve (A/B/C) isa gate valve A 180, Valve Cis an valve, ‘angle, or globe 181, An angle valve isa (gate/globe) valve. lobe 4182, The part of the globe valve that is attached to the pipe is called the of the valve, body 188, ‘The bonnet of a valve ia always on (top/battom) of the top valve. 184, ‘The staffing box in a valve (is/is not) in the body. Is not 385, Material called ___ is used in the stuffing packing box. 186, Packing is used to prevent —__. Teakage, or leaks 187, Tn both gate and globe valves, it takes (one/more than ‘one) turn of the handwheel to open or close the valve. sore than one 188, To reach the open position, the movement of the gate ‘or dise is (up/down). w 189. ‘The valve with the least pressure drop is the rate valve. 190. A gate valve has ite pressure drop because it offers hitle "to the flow, resistance, or stoppage 181. ‘The flow through a gate valve is ds _ straight [351PLUG VALVES 192, Another type of valve used in industrial piping is the plug valve. VALVE B00Y ‘The part of this valve that controls the opening is called the —— plug 193, ‘The plug is located In the of the valve. body 194, The plug is made out of a solid piece. ‘OPEN cLoseD ‘The plug (has/does not have) an opening through it. has195, During operation, the plug (isis not) raised out of the body. 196. ‘The plag can be turned When the opening of the plug is aligned with the open- ing ofthe valve flow (can/eannat) exis. ‘To stop the flow, the plug is tamed (half a turn/a quarter turn), 198. The line of flow through a plug valve is (straight/ curved or angled). 4199. ‘The opening of the plug is closely matched with the opening of the body of the val With the valve in the fully open position, the plug offers (much litte) resistance to flow. 200. There is (much/Itle) turbulence through an open plug valve, 201, The pressure drop across a plug valve is (ess/greater) than across a globe valve 202, Tho valve that can be opened or closed quicker is the (globe/plug) valve. 203. A plug valve is made to stop flow by rotating the CEE chs acceen the opening, 204, For complete shutoff with plug valve, the plug and the ‘must make a lose fit, 205, Although a close fit is required, the plug has to be Toose enough to beable to ‘206, Each time the plug is turned, friction develops between the body and the 207. Friction (can/eannot) wear out the plug and body. 208, If the plug is worn out, it will seat _in the body. 209, With a worn plug, it is not possible to get complete 210, ‘The shank of the plug has «lubricant fitting that makes it possible to apply special lubricant to the itself, 2UL It adequate Tubricant exists between plug and body, frietion ip toa minimum, 212 Baad halping to neue tition the brent ats as a sealant to prevent, 127] is not a quarter turn straight ite Iittle plug clored, om plug, or slid body tum, plug Toosely, or poorly shutoff, or stoppage plug reduced, or kept Teakage213. 21, 215. 216. air, 218. 219. 22. If the lubricant is lost, excessive wear oceurs due to (feietion/eorrosion) A plug valve of this type should be lubricated ‘The plug valve and the gate valve both have (itle/ such) pressure drop. ‘A plug valve is a (quick-/slow-) shutoff or opening. valve, In terms of operating speed, the gate valve with a hhandwheel is a relatively valve to open or elote, ‘This drawing shows a special kind of gate valve, cLoseD Ie (has/doos not have) a threaded stem, ‘The gate of this valve is solidly attached to a stem whichis connected to a If the lever Is pushed a quarter turn to the right, the gate (Is raised/is not raised) to full open position, This type of gate valve ia a (quick-/slow-) opening valve, (281 fietion often, or frequently ite ales does nat have lever, or handle is raised asic‘CHECK VALVES. 202, This drawing shows a swing cheek valve, psc ASSEMBLY PivoT PIN VALVE BODY VALVE SEAT ‘The only moving part isa disc assembly that is attached to the body by a pin, pivot 208, The pivot-pin mounting leaves the dise assembly free ta swing toward and away from the valve ———_. ‘seat 201, Whon there Is no flow through the valve, the dise is positioned so that the valve is (closed/open. closed 225, Liquld or gas flows only when there is @ ifterence, or drop in pressure between two points, ‘228, ‘Suppose the pressure is higher at A then at. The direction of flow ia from to A a B 227, Because the disc is free to move, the flow raises, or moves the dise to the open position 228. Suppose the flow stops. Unless the material being piped has extremely high ‘viscosity, the disc should back neross drop, oF swing the seat, [29129, 230. 231, 238, 231, 235. 23, ‘The line of flow through a swing check valve (is/is not) reoatively in a straight line, ‘Tho turbulence through an open swing check valve is, (great/litte) A swing cheek valve is opened (manvally/automati- cally). ‘Suppose the dirvetion of flow in this check valve is from ‘Aw B, Flow inthis direetion opens the valve. ‘Tne line pressure is higher at point (AV). ‘Suppose the pressure becomes greater at B. ‘The pressure drop ia in the (eame/opposite) dirostion, With the flow now from B to A, the dise (remains/ ‘does not remain) in the open pasition. ‘As the flow reverses, it forces the dise into the ——— position. A check valve allows flow in (only one/either) direction. ‘A. check valve is used for controlling. (rate/direction) of flow. [ 30) litte ‘automaticaly ‘opposite does not remain closed only one direction288, ‘The drawing shows a it check valve, 239, 00, 2, 242, 26, 245, 246, ‘The line of flow through a lift check valve is similar to the line of fw through a (gate/elobe) valve. ‘When flow occurs from A to B, it (raises/does not raise) the dise ‘As flow stops, gravity (pulls/does not pull) the dise conto the seating. ‘The lift check valve allows flow in (only one/each) di rection. ‘The direction of the flow is always from (under/the side of) the dis ‘Suppose the same lift check valve is installed in a verti- ‘al bosition. When flow occurs fram A to B the dise (is forced away from/remains against) the seat ring. If flow stops, gravity (doos/doos not) pull the dise onto ‘tho seat ring. Suppose the flow reveises divection so that it is from BoA. ‘Tho dise (will/will not) allow flow. ‘The lift check valve works correctly when installed in the (horizontal/vertieal) position a1) slobe pulls only one under Is forced away from does not horizontal247. Based on its correet operating: position, this litt check valve is callod a ift cheek. valve, horizontal 248, ‘The lift chock valve comes in another design. When flow occurs from A to B, the dise - 249, When flow stops, gravity (lowers/does not lower) the lowers dise onto the seat 250. If mounted in a vertical postion, this left check valve (oporatee/dooe sot operate) properly. operates 251, This is a (vertial/horizontal) lift check valve vertical 252, The bell valve is also a chock valve. raises, or opens ‘The line of flow through such a valve (is/is not) in a is not straight tine, 258. The part of the valve that controls the opening is s = ball 254, When flow oocurs, the ball is raised by the — pressure, or force of the flow. [921255. As flow stops, gravity pulls the ball into the (closed/ ‘open) position. closed 256, ‘The ball check valve also comes in bwo designs. ig SEAT’ A 8 Valve A is a (horizontal/vertical) ball check valve, horizontal Valve B is a ____ball cheek valve, vvertial Review 287, A valve is @ mechanical device for the control of ere low 258. Any valve can be in one of three positions: fully opened, fully closed, or ———— throttling 250, ‘Throttling regulates the (direction/rate) of flow. rate 260. The best valve for throttling is the (gute/glabe) valve. lobe 261. An OS & ¥ gate valve is one with a ___ rising, or outside ‘stem, 262, ‘The.advantage of an OS & Y valve is that the operator, by looking at the valve, can tall if the valve is. open or closed 268, In places where not much clearance exists, (OSKY/ RS) valves are used.OPERATORS. 263, 210, am. 27. 213. 2, 216. 216. Suppose a non-tising stem gate valve is required in a given piping installation. ‘The NRS gate valve is more likely to insure (high speed ‘of eperation/tight closure). Suppose both high speed and tight closure are needed. One way to make the gate of the NRS valve slide shut ter is to make the stem rotate ‘This shows « motor attached to the stem of the valve, ‘A. motorriven NRS valve probably” shuts (faster Slower) than one driven by hand. ‘Suppose the valve is too big to be operated by one man. ‘A motor can provide the extra —____ needed to tum the stam, Mechanical operators auch as motors can make valves ‘open and shut (faater/no faster) than a man can, and ‘ean operate the valves with (greater power than/only as ‘much power as) several men at once. Suppose a valve is located where a man can't reach it easily. If motor is connected to it, the valve (can/eannot) be ‘operated from a distance. Mechanical operators make remoto locations accessible. “Using remote operators also makes it possible for one man to operate valvos at once. Mechanical operators must be selected to meet special ‘requirements, For example, in any location where there could be ex- plosive fumes, a spark-causing device is (acceptable/ undesirable). tad tight closure faster Taster power faster greater power than many, oF more undesirable277, Fire can melt electric wires or short out elctrie motors. In conditions where fre or explosion ean occur, an elec- ‘ical operator ie generally (safe/tmsafs) unsafe 278, Some motors use other sourees of power. RENOTE CONTROL, ‘This is @ motor that operates on pee eas alr pressure 279, Air operators can be supplied with the compressed alt ‘that drives them either by hose or by pipe. Where the power supply Is compressed air, fire (can/ cannot) short cireuit the operator. cannot 280. In a situation where danger of explosion exists, an air operator ig festrable, needed 281, An air operator (ean/eamnot) be controlled from a dis. can taneo oF remotely. 282, Electrical and air operators are used for (accessibility/ speed/strength/all of these). all of these 283. Thore are times when an overhead valve is inaccessible ‘and an electric or sir operator eannot be installed on it. SPROCKET WHEEL AND CHAIN, ‘The drawing shows a sprocket wheel and —___ chain arrangement that ean be attached, [a6]284, As the chain is pulled, the sprocket wheel __ urns 285, Bocause the sprocket wheel is attached to the stam, as the wheel turns, the stem moves, or opens, or closes 286, Although the sprocket wheel does increase the power Somewhat, the chain operator is primarily used to in- erease (accessibility/operating power). accessibility 281. A valve located within easy reach but requiring much strength till can be operated without a motor. ‘This valve is operated through a system of —__. ears ‘288, Such an operator is called a —__ operator. rear Review 289, Devieos that are attached to valves for operating them are ealled operators, ar power i operators 290, In places where there is danger of fre or explosion, an operator is usod. air 291. A gear operator is used for (accesibilty/power). power [36 1202, A chain operator is primarily used for 298, An electrical operator is used for power and. 294 To open or close valves rapidly, —_____ or operators are used. ‘OPERATING DIFFICULTIES 295, Accumulation of sludge or particles ean foul a valve, 1 tao much is accumulated et point A, the valve will not be able to completly. 296, If the accumulation isin the bornet area, the valve will snot be able to completa. 207, Som» bonneta have a bonnet plug: ‘Steam under high pressure forced into. the plug can sometimes remove the condition, 298, If @ fouling-removing chemical is added to the flow through the pipe, the chemical (will/will not) circulate through the ody of the valve and produce some purging. 299, If conditions allow, however, the best method is to (dis ‘mantle the valve/add chemicals), 800. When the valve is dismantled all parts can be 8301, When badly wom parts are found they should be Lard accessibility speed, or accessibility electrical ait lose open fouling, or sudge wil dismantle the valve inspested, oF cleaned replaced302. At times, the stem in a gate valve ean become detached or break away from the gate, STEM If this happens, the gate (rises/dloes not rise) as the oes not rise stom is raised. ‘303, HE conditions permit, when the stem is detached or broken from the gate, the valve should be dismantled and 04. At times, conditions do not permit the dismantling of @ valve even Uhough Une gave iust be rai paired, or replaced Fifi sack screw Drilling the bottom of the valve and serewing in a jack serew (will/will not) raise tho gate. wil 05, Drilling a hole through the bottom af the valve while the valve is im service (can/cannot) be dangerous duc to en possible leakage. (381806, For safety reasons, before drilling the hole, an attach- ment is used. ‘BODY OF DAMAGED VALVE WELDED COUPLING NIPPLE GATE VALVE NIPPLE STUFFING 80x Firat, a coupling is welded to the _____ of the body damaged valve. 807, To the, coupling, @ nipple, gute valve, and a nipple with a box is attached. stuffing 808, After the sttachment is set up, the drill is inserted ‘through it GATE VALVE A DRILL SHAFT PACKING GLAND ‘GLAND BOLT ‘As the bolts attaching tho gland to the nipple are tight- fened, the packing (is/is not) compressed around the is drier shaft. 809, ‘The packing around the shaft prevents — Teakage when the body of the damaged valve is pierced. [391310, After the hole is drilled, the drill is pulled out past the sate valve A. ‘Valve A is closed, Thus stopping any — leakage, or pressure that may exist. B11. After entirely removing the drill, a tap Again the gland is tightened. Now the temporary gute valve A is permitting the tap &9 be inserted further. 312, Aftor the drilled hole is tapped, the tap ia removed as in frame 811. The jack screw is inserted in the same ‘opened JACK SCREW As the Jack serew is serewed in, the gate 318, Due to the attachment, leakage Is rises, oF opens prevented (40)S14, Suppose the stem bushing of an outside yoke valve stripped or broken, — BROKEN STEM BUSHING not) raise the stem. will not ‘315. IF possible, the stem bushing should be replaced. How- fever, in case of emergency, the gate ean still be raised. ‘An overhead hoist is installed and connected to the ‘stem. As the hoist is operated, it the stem. aises, or its 215, Tapping the stem with a softheaded hammer (will/ wil not) close the gate. will tay817, Every valve with a stem has a stuing box. ‘The stuffing box is filed with __. packing: 818, Each manufacturer specifies a given type and size of packing for exch stuffing box. ‘Once ent to the proper length, the packing is installed © jn rings so that each cut is ‘the other. ‘opposite 1a)519, 320, aa, 22, 324 325. ‘Afier the packing Is installed in the stuffing box, it is ‘compressed by a, which also serves as the stuffing box cover ‘Leaks that develop around the stem are usually due to cither the wrong packing or not packing. ‘To correct the lea, the stung box should be properly. If the gland is removed from the stuffing box while the valve is under pressure, the pressure wi the packing out. When repacking a valve there should be no present. During emergencies, a valve may have to bo repacked while in service, + PACKING. BONNET BUSHING Af the valve is opened as far as possible, the stem ond and the bonnet bushing make a — ft ‘This is back-seating. In actuality, the stem end and bushing form a valve within the — 826, Back-seating ean be dangerous and should only be done in eases of severe ame (8) sland ‘enough, oF proper repacked, or packed force, or blow pressure tight Donnet, or valve emergency827, Valves may develop leaks in various placos while in service, When a leak develops at point C, it is probably due to improper 828, A leak at point B is in the joint between the body and the of the valve, If tightening the bonnet and body bolts does not elim- ‘nate the leak, replacing the —___ is inleated. £880. A valve is leaking between the bonnet and the body. 329, Welding metal band around the joint (will stop/wil not stop) tho Teak. La) packing bonnet gasket will stop881. Welding @ metal band should be done only when, due to body or bonnet warping, replacing a gasket does not stop Review 882 A mechanical deview used for flow control is called a 888, ‘The part of the valve that is connected to the pipe is called the 884, The bonnet and body form a __ enclosure. 885 All gate valves stop flow by placing a metal ‘across the opening. 86. Globe valves are used for regulating the rate of low or for 887, Check valves are used for controling the of flow. 898, When a valve cannot be operated directly by hand, a valve is attached to it 399, Electrical operators are usually used for (power/ac- cessbility/spoed/all of these). 840, When there is danger of explosion or fire, an ‘pornton in proforeed 841, When repacking or packing a valve, there should be no Hn the valve, 342, For longer valve life, a gate valve should not be used for extensive service. 343, ‘The valves with the Jeast pressure drop across them are the and ales, 844, Chock valves are usually (manually/automatically) operated. [451 leakage valve body tight, or valve ate, or dise throttling direation ‘operator, oF motor all of these pressure throttling ate plug: automatically