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1
Trao i nc thc vt
Qu
Cc con ng
trnh
Hp th n- Qua b mt cc t bo biu b ca cy( thc vt thy sinh)
c
Qua b mt t bo biu b ca r( thc vt cn)
Con ng qua t bo:
Nc t t -> mng t bo lng ht -> t bo nhu m v -> t bo ni b -> mch
Vn
g.
chuyn n Con ng qua gian bo:
c
Nc t t -> mng t bo lng ht -> gian bo, thnh t bo nhu m v, t bo
ni b -> mch g.
Con ng qua kh khng
Vn tc ln.
c iu chnh bng vic ng m kh khng.
Con ng qua b mt l
Thot hi
nc
Qua cutin
Vn tc nh.
Khng c iu chnh
Bng 22.2
Trao i cht khong v nit thc vt
Qu trnh
Trao i
cht khong
Ni dung c bn
Phn ln cc nguyn t khong c hp th vo cy di dng ion qua mch
g.
C hai cch hp th:
1. Hp th b ng.
- Cc ion khong khuch tn theo s chnh lch nng t cao n thp.
- Cc ion khong ha tan trong nc v vo r theo dng nc.
- Cc ion khong ht bm trn b mt keo t v trn b mt r trao i vi
nhau khi c s tip xc gia r v dung dch t. cch ny gi l ht bm trao
i.
2. Hp thu ch ng.
Hp thu ch ng cc cht khong l do mng sinh cht l mng sng c tnh
chn lc.
- Cc cht khong vn chuyn t ni c nng thp(t) n ni c nng
cao(r).
- Ngc chiu gradien nng .
Trao i
nit
Bng 22.3
Cc vn ca quang hp v h hp
Vn
Quang hp
- Quang hp l qu trnh tng hp cht
hu c t cc cht v c nh nng
lng nh sng c hp thu bi h st
t thc vt.
H hp
- H hp l QT oxi ha cc hp cht hu
c thnh CO2 v H2O, ng thi gii
phng nng lng cn thit cho cc hat
ng sng ca c th
Phng
trnh
tng
qut
6CO 2 + 6H2O--------C2H12O6 +
6O2
Bn cht
* Pha sng.
- L qu trnh oxi ho nc nh
nng lng as.
- Cc p cn nh sng, ph thuc
vo nh sng.
- SP: ATP; NADPH; O2
* Pha ti.
- L qu trnh kh CO2 nh ATP
v NADPH (sp ca pha sng).
- Cc p khng cn nh sng nhng ph thuc vo nhit .
- SP: C6H12O6.
Ni din
ra
Lc lp
Khi
nim
TBC v ti th
Bng 22.4
Cc c ch quang hp v h hp
Qu
trnh
Quang
hp
H hp
C ch
* H sc t thc vt hp th nng lng ca cc photon nh sng
theo p kch thch dip lc:
Chdl + hv
chdl*
chdl**
* Nng lng kch thch dip lc 2 trng thi chdl*
chdl** c
s dng cho cc qu trnh:
- Quang phn li nc: To H+ v in t.a
- Phtphorin ho: to ATP v NADPH.
Pha ti : L pha kh CO2 nh ATP,NADPH to cc hp cht hu c (C6H12O6)
- Pha ti : Din ra khng cn nh sng trn cht nn ca lc lp.
- Pha ti c thc hin ba nhm thc vt khc nhau : Thc vt C3, C4 v thc
vt CAM
1. Gian on ng phn, xy t bo cht.
Gluose 2 axit piruvic + ATP + NADH.
2. H hp hiu kh xy ra ti th.(vi s c mt ca oxi).
Chu trnh crep: axit piruvic CO 2+ ATP + NADPH+ FADH2
3. Chui truyn in t v qu trnh photphorin ha: to ra ATP v H2O c s
tham gia ca oxi.
* vi sinh vt cn xy ra qu trnh ln men trong iu kin thiu O2( h hp k kh)
Bng 22.5
Chuyn ho vt cht v nng lng ng vt
Qu
c im v din bin c bn
trnh
Tiu ho *QT tiu ha thc n: l QT bin i thc n thnh cc hp cht n gin, d hp th,
cung cp cho t bo
Cc hnh thc tiu ha :
Tiu ha ni bo: thc n tip nhn vo TB bng cch thc bo c thy phn bi
H hp
Tun
hon
Cn
bng
ni mi
Mi trng
CO2
-H hp qua b mt c th:cht kh c trao i trc tip qua b mt c th m t.
-H hp bng h thng ng kh:cht kh trao i trc tipgia t bo vi ng kh nh
nht.
-Trao i kh bng mang.trao i kh din ra gia cc phin mang v mi trng
nc.
-Trao i kh cc ph nang..C quan h hp l ph nang, chim c h thng cc ti
kh sau phi nn ht vo v th ra u c khng kh giu oxi trao i.
Hot ng ca h tun hon bao gm hot ng co bp tim y mu vo trong h
mch v vn chuyn khp c th, mang dinh dng, xi n cho t bo v nhn cc
cht thi t t bo a n cc c quan bi tit.
Cn bng ni mi l duy tr s cn bng v n nh cc cht bn trong c th nh
nc, glucozo, ion khong.
Vai tr ca thn trong s iu ha nc v mui khong, gan iu ha glucose v
prtin huyt tng, h m trong mu iu ha pH ca ni mi
T bo
ng tiu ha