RETAIN : Volume 5 Nomor 1 2017.

62 - 70

OUTDOOR SETTING IN TEACHING SPEAKING ENGLISH

Khoirul Arifin
Engish Literature, Faculty of Language and Arts, The State University of Surabaya
khoirul.arifin85@yahoo.com

Prof. Susanto, M.Pd.

English Literature, Faculty of Language and Arts, The State University of Surabaya
susantoniki@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Getting ability in communication orally is the main priority of learning English. Therefore, the
successfulness of learning English is measured when having ability in speaking English well. To be
able to cover this, there are some principles of teaching English which must include in teaching and
learning English. Commonly, teaching and learning speaking are conducted inside classroom in
indonesia. Otherwise, there was a teacher of a school that was applying outdoor setting to conduct
teaching and learning speaking English. In the other hand, outdoor setting commonly, was to
conduct teaching and learning that focused on building joyful learning or science. Therefore, it was
nescessary to conduct research to investigate in what way outdoor setting help the teacher to
conduct teaching and learning speaking process.
This research aimed to describe (1) how outdoor setting helped teacher to deliver speaking
materials (2) how outdoor setting helped teacher to conduct teaching and learning strategies and (3)
how outdoor setting helped teacher to stimulate students in learning speaking English. The research
design was descriptive and the approach was qualitative. The observations were done in the class
that the phenomena happened. The data was taken from both verbal and non-verbal activities and
then it was in the form of fieldnotes. After collecting the data by observing the class, the data was
analysed to get interpretation then report the result.
Based on the result of the research, the outdoor setting helped the teacher in three aspects. Those
are delivering material, conducting teaching and learning strategies and stimulate students to
participate actively in the learning process. The previous aspects were the aspects that the teacher
could do by applying outdoor setting during teaching and learning process.
Keywords : outdoor setting, speaking
ABSTRAK
Mendapat kemapuan dalam berkomunikasi secara lisan ada prioritas utama dalam belajar bahasa
inggris. Maka dari itu keberhasilan belajar bahasa inggris diukur ketika mempunyai kemampuan
dalam berbicara bahasa inggris dengan baik. Untuk mencapai hal tersebut, ada beberapa landasan
dalam mengajar bahasa ingris yang harus terdapat proses belajar dan mengajar bahasa ingris. Pada
umumnya, proces mengajar dan belajar speaking dilakukan di dalam kelasa di indonesia.
Sementara itu ada seorang guru dari sebuah sekolah yang menerapkan setting outdoor dalam
menyampaikan belajar dan mengajar speaking inggris. Disisi lain, umumny outdoor setting
digunakan untuk mengajar atau belajar yang fokus pada membangun proses belajar yang
menyenangkan atau saint. Maka dari itu, penting untuk melakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui
bagaimana cara outdoor membantu guru dalam menyelenggarakan proses belajar mengajar
speaking ingrris.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan 1) bagaimana outdoor setting membantu guru
dalam mencapaikan materi speaking. 2). Bagaimana outdoor setting membantu guru dalam
menjlankan strategi mengajar dan belajar dan 3) bagaimana outdoor setting membantu guru dalam
merangsang siswa untuk belajar speaking inggris. Design penelitihan ini adalah deskriptive dan
pendekatannya adalah kualitative. Observasinya dilakukan pada kelas yang fenomenanya terjadi
pada kelas tersebut. Datanya diambil dari aktifitas verbal maupun non verbal dan kemudian
diwujudkan dalam bentuk fieldnote. Setelah mengumpulkan data dengan cara observasi kelas
tersebut, data tersebut dianalisa untuk interpretasi dan laporan hasil penelitian.
Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian, outdoor setting membantu guru dalam tiga aspek. Yaitu adalah
penyampaian materi, pelaksanaan strategi belajar dan mengajar dan merangsang siswa untuk
berpartisipasi aktif dalam proses belajar. Aspek aspek berikut adalah aspek yang guru dapat
lakukan dengan menerapkan outdoor setting selama proses mengajar dan belajar.
Kata Kunci : outdoor setting, speaking

English. This phenomena made the researcher

curious in what way a teacher reach the goal of
teaching and learning speaking English using
outdoor setting
According to the discussion above, it was necessary
to conduct research to describe the phenomena that
investigated teaching and learning speaking
English outside the classroom. The research
focused on the following problem: how outdoor
setting helped teacher in conducting teaching and
learning speaking English process and how outdoor
setting helped teacher to stimulate students to be
active in learning speaking process
In conclusion, the main point of the research was to
investigate the techniques and strategies of teacher
to reach the goal of teaching and learning speaking
English using outdoor setting. Then, for the
purposes to answer the investigation, this research
was conducted in a school that applied the outdoor
as the setting in conducting teaching and learning
speaking process. With a hope that the researcher
understood and described how teaching and
learning speaking outside classroom are.
Commonly, teaching and learning English is
conducted inside a class room and it must have its
own techniques and strategies that is used by a
teacher. Contrary with that, teaching and learning
process were conducted outside a class room and it
must have its own different techniques and
strategies to reach the goal of teaching and learning
process.

INTRODUCTION
Getting ability in communication orally is the main
priority of learning English (Richards, 2008).
Therefore, the successfulness of learning English is
measured when having ability in speaking English
well. To be able to cover this, there are some
principles of teaching English which must include
in teaching and learning English (harmer, 2007).
For instance, it must be understood whether the
goal is second language learning or foreign
language learning context. Then teacher must
provide fluency and accuracy practicing both
transactional and intersectional context. Another
keep point, teacher must design classroom
activities involving guidance, providing chance for
students to speak in order to increase the amount of
students speaking in target language and set a class
room which gives advantages to teaching and
learning process.
Dealing with setting a classroom, in Indonesia,
teaching and learning process are conducted inside
a classroom. Activities, such as listening
explanation, reading a book, doing task, are done in
a classroom. Most of time is spent inside a building
during learning process. However there are certain
schools that conduct teaching and learning process
outside a classroom. In other words, the schools
apply outdoor as a setting. For instance, sekolah
alam Indonesia such as Sekolah Alam Bintaro,
Sekolah Alam Ciganjur and Sekolah Pesona Alam
(berimbang.com; 2014; Mengintip Sekolah Alam
Indonesia;
https:
//berimbang.com/artikel/mengintip-sekolah-alamindonesia/2014/mengenal-sekolah-alam-indonesiahtml; diakses tanggal 7 desemeber 2016). The
activities of these schools are outbond, gardening,
observation and research, daily activities, visiting
and social gathering. On the other side, they only
focus on activities that give experimental stimulant
and make students fun.
Otherwise, there is a school that one of the teachers
applied outdoor setting in teaching speaking

1.

How does outdoor setting help teacher to

deliver speaking materials?
2. How does outdoor setting help teacher to
conduct teaching and learning speaking
strategies?
3. How does outdoor setting help teacher to
stimulate students in learning speaking
English?
Based on the research questions above, the
objectives of this study are:
There are three objectives of study in this research

RETAIN : Volume 5 Nomor 1 2017. 62 - 70

based on the research questions mentioned above.
Those are:
1. To describe how outdoor setting helps teacher to
deliver speaking materials
2. To describe how outdoor setting helps teacher to
conduct teaching and learning speaking strategies?
3. To describe how outdoor setting helps teacher to
stimulate students in learning speaking English?

stage of analyzing.

In the qualitative research, there are three stages in analyzing data (A

and organizing, coding and reducing and interpreting and representin
the next paragraphs.
In the analyzing, firstly researcher did familiarizing and organizing.
continually the notes and transcript taken from the observation (Ary
listened the recording for several times to make transcript of the reco
activities done in this stage was to make researcher familiar with th
This research was conducted to describe in what
organizing by making a list of whole data then make note of the list
way a teacher conduct teaching and learning
from the very beginning until the end of the class. By doing this stag
speaking process using outdoor setting. It was
the class sequences and writes it in the form of field note. It was ai
expected that it gave benefit for those who wish to
information of the data.
conduct teaching and learning process outside
The next step is coding and reducing. In this step the researcher t
classes.
similarities among the data. The researcher classified the categories
Moreover it was also expected that there were more
al,.2010). In this stage the researcher coded data from the notes and r
researchers conducting research related to outdoor
data into two categories, important and less important. Moreove
learning after reading the result of this research.
recording. After these two analyzing toward the notes and recording
Then there were more teaching and learning which
were not related to research questions.
are conducted outside classroom to give students
The last step in this stage is interpreting and representing. The rese
joyful learning.
research. It was done after finishing interpreting all of the data and r
This research was aimed to describe teaching and
with the research purposes (Ary et al,.2010). in this phase, the resear
learning process conducted by a teacher in a small
organized and coded to answer the research question. Furthermore, r
city in Jawa timur who applied outdoor setting
which were supported by description of the teachers action during te
when conducting teaching and learning speaking
researcher also delivered the description of students action while be
process. There must be many aspects in the
gave tables of dialogues after a report that explained verbal data and p
teaching learning process. However, this research
condition, situation and non-verbal data. All thing considered, the res
was focused on the teacher's and students activities
and supported by evidences
during teaching and learning process.
After all, the researcher presented the data to
answer the research questions systematically. The
researcher took the sample of the data to give
evidences for each of aspect investigated to
METHOD describe and explain the result. In the end, the
This chapter is to describe of the procedures used while the research
conducted.
It consists
research
design,
researcher
concluded
the resultofand
presented
in the
subjects of the study, setting of the study, data and source of
the
data,
research
instruments,
data
collection
last chapter.
technique, and data analysis technique
The aim of this research is to describe outdoor activities which are done to conduct teaching and learning
speaking. The design of this research is descriptive study. Ary et al (2010) states that descriptive design is
RESULT
AND DISCUSSION
presented to gain information focusing on the current phenomena.
Moreover,
the two research questions can
This
chapter
theis qualitative.
results and
only be answered using word rather than numbers. Therefore, the approach ofpresented
the research
It isthe
discussion
of
this
study
to
answer
the
three
research
related the Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, (2010). A research which collects non-numerical data like words and
questions. Those are: How does outdoor setting
pictures rather than numbers is qualitative research.
teacherTsanawiah
to deliverAssalam
speakinginmaterials,
how
The subject of this research is a class of Senior high schoolhelp
Madrasah
Tuban. The
does
outdoor
setting
help
teacher
to
conduct
research will be conducted while teaching and learning process are being done. The school was chosen as the
and islearning
strategies,
and how
subject of this study because the phenomena happening overteaching
there. That
one of speaking
the teachers
in the second
does
outdoor
setting
help
teacher
to
stimulate
grade applies outdoor as the setting during teaching and learning English
students
in learning
English.
This research contains 3 research questions. The questions are
about how
outdoorspeaking
setting helps
the teacher to
The
observation
of
this
research
wasspeaking
conducted
deliver speaking materials, how outdoor setting helps teacher to conduct teaching and learning
three
times.
It
was
on
Sunday
28
February,
strategies and how outdoor setting helps teacher to stimulate students in learning speaking English.
Saturday
5
and
Sunday
6
march
2016.
The
school
To answer those research, question the data was taken from two kinds of activities. Those are verbal and nonis
different
from
other
regular
school
that
teaching
verbal activities. The source of data is a class which is the teacher conducted outdoor setting in the teaching
andoral
learning
process
on Friday.
Addition,
and learning speaking process. Therefore, all activities, both
and verbal
willare
be off
observed.
It could
be
the
teaching
and
learning
process
are
full of
teachers performances, instruction and students performances.
data ofperformances,
this research isbehavior
on the form
In this research, Researcher used qualitative technique todrilling.
describeThe
teacher
and of
field-note.
Then
the
researcher
used
the
field-notes
students responses toward outdoor learning implemented in the learning process. Furthermore, it was nonto explain
the not
teaching
participatory research. Therefore, researcher was only the observer
and did
involve and
in thelearning
teachingprocess
and
conducted
outside
classroom
or
using outdoor
learning process.
setting.
The researcher as the key instrument of the research, hold observation
in three meetings to gain information
Based
on the
data interpreted
by theobserving,
researchers,
about teachers and students performances in the teaching and
learning
process.
Moreover, while
outdoor
setting
helped
the
teacher
observer also recorded the teaching and learning process to enable researcher examine more detailininseveral
the
aspects. The following is the result that explained

RETAIN : Volume 5 Nomor 1 2017. 62 - 70

how outdoor setting benefited the teacher to deliver
material. In addition, in the case of delivering
material, outdoor setting enables the teacher to
provide good classroom environment and set the
appropriate seat arrangement.

The seat arrangement is one of the aspects that

involves into principles of physical environment
which has its own purposes to use (Brown: 2001).
There are two seat arrangements which are applied
by the teacher. Those are orderly rows and shoe
horse shape/ U shape

Providing Good Classroom Environment.

The classroom condition was different from the
learning condition that was being conducted
outside the classroom.
1.There is no board, table and chair.
2.It was free from sound that disturbs
students during learning process.
3.There is no desk in front of the
students
4.The space is large
5.The view is braces (such as green
grass and trees)
6.The air is fresher than inside the
classroom

Orderly in Rows Seat Arrangement

This kind of seat arrangement is suitable when a
teacher wants to get full for attention of the
students. Furthermore, it is easy for the teacher to
control the whole classes to measure that
everybody involves in the teaching and learning
process
Related to the material delivered by the teacher, at
the first day, the teacher explained things, color,
size and preposition. While explaining the teacher
used media to help her giving the material. It is
impossible to explain or to introduce things color or
size without giving the students any example. At
the moment, the teacher used pencil, pen, book,
chalk box as a media. Moreover, that day, the
teacher also explained about preposition.

When the teaching and learning process were

conducted inside a classroom, the condition was
not nice. The teacher might not explain clearly and
run of energy while the students could not listen the
explaination well. It was caused by the sound from
two other classes. The students sat on a desk that
was narrow.

In this case, the students need to focus on the

teachers explanations to get the point of the
material. Without focusing on it, the students may
not understand the meaning of a thing, color and
preposition which can be understood only by
looking at the teacher. Then with this seat
arrangement the teacher gained full of students
attention.

By applying the outdoor setting, the teacher was

free from annoying commotion that came from two
other clasess. In addition, the students could feel
fresh blown with the fresh air outside the
classroom. As a result, the teacher could deliver the
material easily without any spoiler and students
could focus on the teachers explanation because of
being free from any sound that distracted their
consentration and limited their listening.

As a result, this seating arrangement is suitable for

that day material. The students can see the teacher
clearly and the teacher gets good view to pay
attention. When the students are not discipline, the
teacher soon knows it. In conclusion, the teacher
can convince that every student involves in the
teaching and learning process.

A good classroom must be well-ordered, clean and

tidy, free from board and external noises as possible
and air conditioner (if possible).In conclusion,
outdoor setting helps teachers to provide a good
classroom environmnet that cannot be found inside
the classroom.

U-Shape Seat Arrangement

Related to the material, the teacher designed simple
games. She asked the students to prepare their
books. She said a word in Bahasa Indonesia. Then
the students compete each other. For those who
finished to write the word in English in their own
books, can raise the hands and answer it by saying
the word and spelling it.

Enabling The Teacher To Set Appropriate Seat

Arrangement
Besides providing a good environment, outdoor
setting enables the teacher to set the seat
arrangement, which supports her to deliver the
material. During the teaching and learning process,
the teacher applied two kinds of seat arrangement
which is difficult to apply inside the classroom

On the other meeting, the teacher gave each student

a piece of paper that containeda certain number.
Then, after giving the paper, the teacher asked the
students to write their birthday in that paper.
Afterward, the teacher called the students by
mentioning somerandom numbers. For those whose
number was called, came forward then said their

If the teacher applied it inside classroom, she

would spend the time to move the desk to get space
for the seat arrangement.

RETAIN : Volume 5 Nomor 1 2017. 62 - 70

birthday in front of the class. While one came
forward and delivered the birthday, another student
paid attention. Then, the teacher offered them to
repeat what one in the front said. For those who
wanted to do the challenge, raised the hand and
then the teacher chose one of them.

be a risk-taker in the learning.

In the teaching learning process, the teacher gave a
lot of challenges to the students, such as answering
question, repeating, clarifying and correcting a
friends statement and a friends answer. when the
challenges were delivered, soon the students
responded by raising hand to take the challenges.
Nevertheless, there were few students that seldom
took the challenges. Moreover, sometimes, few
students raised hands.

With this seat arrangement the teacher attracted the

students to have fun with their friends and enjoy
the class. It might be impossible to do it with the
first seat arrangement that the teacher could not
build an intimate atmosphere between the students
and her, and among the students. The students
interacted more feasible with this arrangement
sitting. They could see each other. when they got
clarification from a friend that they did not need to
turn round. As a result, it minimized chaos in the
classroom because they could directly see the
friend from their own seats. In conclusion, the seat
arrangement helped the teacher to deliver the
materials.

The students may have their own reason not to take

the challenges. They might be shy to come forward.
It could be they feel that they cannot answer the
question well and worried if friends laughed to
them. Yet they are capable to answer the question.
Then it could be the students might not be able to
answer the questions. The teacher cannot let it
happen. It will be so problematic that they never
practiced their language. Moreover, the teacher
cannot measure whether the students have a
problem with the lesson, such as having
conversation, vocabularies and pronunciation. It
might not be a problem if the students did not have
any problem in receiving lesson. It means that they
received the lesson well and mastered the material.
Yet, how about those who had problem with the
learning such as unable to have conversation,
vocabularies and pronunciation.

The Way Outdor Setting Helps To Conduct

Teaching And Learning Strategies
Outdoor setting did not only help teacher to provide
space to set appropriate seat arrangement for the
material. Furthermore, it also enabled teacher to
conduct teaching learning strategies to the students.
Teaching learning strategies is essential. Teacher is
the manager of the teaching and learning process
(Brown). It means that everything must be on her
plan to gain the goal. However, teacher still give
each of the students freedom to learn in their own
individual zone and capability. Therefore, teaching
students the learning strategies is the strategy of
teaching which was done by the teacher in this
outdoor setting

The teacher waited the students until more students

raised their hands when few students raised hands.
Otherwise, the teacher counted until she found
more students raising hands or a student she wished
raise his hand.
After waiting for several minutes or counting till
some numbers, more students raised their hand.

Enabling Teacher To Teach Learning Strategies

In conclusion, whatever their reasons, the students
tried to go out their comfortable zone

Learning strategies are the mindful thought and

action that a learner take to achieve a learning goal
(chamot). Based on the analysis, there is a learning
strategy that taught by the teacher to the students
during teaching and learning process. It was not
directly explained to the students that they have to
do a certain thing related to be a successful English
learner. Nevertheless, she internalized it through
the students learning process. The following is
building strategic technique found during teaching
and learning process.

The Way Outdoor Setting Helps To Stimulate

Students To Learn English
In the case of stimulating students, outdoor setting
enables teacher to encourage students to participate
in the learning process by designing activities
which raise students intrinsic motivation
Enabling Teacher to Foster Intrinsic Motivation

To Encourage Risk Taking

Intrinsic motivation is a stimulation which come

from the activities conducted in the learning
process. In the learning process, the teacher designs
two simple activities. Those are guessing word and
lottery.

Risk taking is a style or strategic which is students

are brave to take opportunities to make a
conversation, speak, guessing and enquiring for
correction (Brown: 2001). During teaching and
learning process the teacher encourage students to

Guessing Meaning

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Guessing meaning is an activity which is designed
by the teachcer to attract students participation into
learning process. This activity is done to introduce
the students the vocabularies related to the topic of
a chapter that is being learned by the students in the
learning. The following is the way of the guessing
meaning activity directed:

conducted outside classroom. She can raise the

students intrinsic motivation through the activities
which she conducted outside classroom.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
After presenting the previous explaination and
discussion, the researcher would like to present the
conclussion of the discussion. Furthermore, the
researcher involved some sugestions related to the
teaching and learning English that was conducted
both inside and outside classroom.
CONCLUSION
Based on the observation the researcher concluded
three points.
1. Outdoor setting helped the teacher to
provide good classroom environment and
enable teacher to set appropriate seat
arrangement to support her in delivering
speaking material.
2. Outdoor setting helped the teacher to
conduct teaching and learning strategies
which support students in learning
sepaking process.
3. Outdoor setting helped the teacher to
enable her design and apply activities that
stimulate students to participate in the
learning speaking.
Firstly, the conclussion showed that outdoor was
helpfull for the teaching and learning speaking.
However, there are some aspects that supported one
to another to gain the goal of teaching and learning,
such as the activities designed, the strategies of the
teacher and the environment of the place.

Teacher mentioned a word in bahasa and the

students have to translate the word into english an
spell it. Before answering, firstly they have to write
the word in their own book then raise their hands.
The teacher choose the quickest students to answer.
The students are active in this activity. Almost all
students raise their hands. Furthermore, there are
students that raise their hand before they finish
writing the word. Consequently, the teacher remind
them to finish writing first then raise their hand.
It can be concluded that the teacher attracted the
students succesfully. They cannot bear to raise their
hand to join the challenge.
Numbers Of Destination
This activity is designed by the teacher to help
students practice the materials which are learned.
At the moment, the material is about numbers, days
weeks month and years. Before the teacher begin
the activity. She gives students brain-storming. She
asked the students about numbers of hours in a day,
numbers of days in a week, and numbers of days in
month and years. It is done by the teacher to
convince whether the students still remeber
numbers. Moreover, the teacher also asked about
names of month. It is done by her to convince that
the students know names of month. It is essential to
do to support the next activity.

SUGGESTION
After undertaking the observation, the researcher
gave some suggestions. For those who want tobe a
teacher should understand and master the teaching
and the principles. Farthermore they should master
aspects of the subject. Forinstance: for those who
want to be a language teachers, they have to be able
to speak the language well, master the skills and the
components of the language. If they do not have
capability in using the language, they probably will
give wrong input to the students. During the
teaching learning process the students store and
will aquire what the teacher does. Then they must
have high creativity that they can discover many
strategies to teach. Without creativity, a simple
subject probably becomes complicated. The main
point is that a techer should be able to make every
learning simple and impressive for students.

After that the teacher invite the students to do the

activity. Before doing the activity, she explains the
role of the activity. each student is given a piece of
paper. Each paper contains a certain number. Later,
the teacher mentions a certain number. Forthose
whose numbers is called, go to forward and
mention their date of birtday. In the other hand, the
other students should pay attention to one in the
front because later the teacher give challenge to
them. The challeng is repeating the birthday of one
in the front.
during the game, the students are in terested to
come forward. Moreover when the challenge begin,
they raise their hand as soon as possible to gain it.
From the discussion and explaination above, it can
be concluded that the teacher can attract the
students interest. She encourages them to
participate in the learning process which is being

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