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Issue 38, Volume 132

Encore
Theatre
991North
Shore Drive
Lima, Ohio

Sunday, February 7, 2016 $2

Officer shot; suspect killed

TOP OF THE NEWS

Salt magazine
available today
The new issue of Salt magazine
is available in todays edition of
The Lima News for home-delivery
subscribers.
In this issue, discover why
one ancient art form is rumored
to save the world from evil, prepare for Lent with plenty of paczkis from Pats Donuts & Kreme,
learn how to make delicious
homemade treats your pooch
will gobble up, read the heartbreaking and hopeful stories
from Salt readers about their
beloved pets, and enjoy reading
the many other unique feature
stories included in this issue.
Additional copies are available
for $3 at The Lima News between
9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday.

Patrolman in stable condition in Columbus hospital

By Greg Sowinski
gsowinski@civitasmedia.com

KENTON A Kenton
police officer was flown by

medical helicopter Saturday

to a hospital in Columbus
and a man is dead after he
fired at police numerous
times with a rifle.

Officer Skyler
Newfer was in stable
condition late Saturday at
Grant Medical Center in
Columbus. He was shot

twice, said Kenton Police

Department Lt. Robert
Lutes.
He is in stable condition
and he is talking, Lutes
said.
See OFFICER | 8A

Midwest the new South?

TALKING POINTS
Coverage of the Super
Bowl inside todays The Lima
News:
Hot trends in commercials.
Page 2A
David Trinko column on Super
Bowl memories.
Page 2A
Preview of the game, including
two full-page graphics.
Section C
Ticket designs over the years.
Page 4D
Big Game Bingo cards.
Page 1E

GET THIS

Dozens get inked

with free Sanders tat
1960 File Photo | The Lima News

MONTPELIER, Vt. (AP)

Fans of Democratic presidential
candidate Bernie Sanders are
wearing their support for him
on their sleeves and on their
rib cages, calves, necks and
backs.
Several dozen people have
flocked to Aartistic Tattoo in
Montpelier, Vermont, to get a free
tattoo of the senator, complete
with his unkempt hair and thickrimmed glasses.
The Burlington Free Press
reports that the promotion began
a week ago. Tattoo artist Chad Fay
says it will run as long as Sanders
does.
Tattoo artist Jessica Andrew
tells the newspaper she inked
Sanders image on eight people
in two days. Fay says hes done at
least 15 tattoos of Sanders in the
past week.

Facebook f Logo

Socioeconomic gaps between blacks,

whites, started with Great Migration
By Amy Eddings

aeddings@civitasmedia.com

LIMA Something becomes

disturbingly clear when you scan
the recent headline-grabbing report:
Top Ten Worst Cities for Black
Americans.
The Midwest is not a friendly
place for African-Americans.
All the cities on the list, which
has Lima at No. 7, are in the Midwest: Theres Minneapolis, Minnesota; Cedar Falls and Des
Moines in Iowa; Kankakee, Peoria,
Chicago and Rockford in Illinois;
Grand Rapids in Michigan; and the
list-topper, No. 1 Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
The findings by the online
financial news company, 24/7 Wall
St., fly in the face of an American
narrative that thinks cities such as
Atlanta, New Orleans, Selma and

CMYK / .eps

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Whats your take on

todays news? Go to
limaohio.com and visit
us at facebook to share
your thoughts.

CIVITAS MEDIA

2016 Published at Lima, Ohio

54 pages, 7 sections

A NEWS
People
& More: 2A
Nation/World:
3A, 5A-7A
Weather: 8A

CMYK / .eps

B REGION
& OHIO
Obituaries: 2B
Courts: 6B
C SPORTS
Super Bowl: 4C

D BUSINESS/
OPINION
Super Bowl
Tickets: 4D
Photos of
Week: 5D

LIMA

in black and white

Its difficult
to have a
conversation
and come up
with solutions
because theres
such a denial.

ABOUT THIS SERIES:

Lima in Black and White is an eight-day
series that begins a discussion about the
stark differences between Limas black and
white populations when it comes to income
levels, jobless rates, poverty levels, crime
rates and education attainment.
The disparities were cited last fall in a study
done by 24/7 Wall St., an internet financial
research company. It rated Lima No. 7
among the Top 10 worst cities for blacks.
The series looks at why the disparities exist
and what can be done about them.
Sunday, Jan. 31: The gap
Monday: The job market
Tuesday: Challenges facing schools
Wednesday: Police and trust
Thursday: Who are leaders?
Friday: Entertainment vacuum
Saturday: Young and black
TODAY: Midwest new South

Ron Fails
President, Lima chapter, NAACP

Birmingham all former slave

states of the Deep South would
be the worst for blacks.
Sunlight is the best disinfectant,
as the saying goes, and the searing spotlight that shown on those
places 50 years ago hastened the
demise of the Souths segregationist
Jim Crow policies.
See MIDWEST | 4A

Opinion: 6D
Technology: 8D
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Puzzles/TV: 5E
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Hundreds of African-Americans from Alabama, Mississippi, and elsewhere across the South began arriving in Lima on the B&O Railroad during the 1930s
and immediately reporting for work at Ohio Steel at wages above 72 cents an hour. They were recruited by Ohio Steel founder John Galvin.

LOCAL

4A Sunday, February 7, 2016

The Lima News

LIMA

in black and white

The Jackson family: A story of migration

Lima was an opportunity
for blacks in Deep South
By Amy Eddings

aeddings@civitasmedia.com

LIMA Eugene Jacksons family has lived the

story of black migration.
Jackson, 70, was born
in Phenix City, Alabama,
in 1945, but moved to
Lima with his two siblings and his parents in
1955 when he was 10
years old.
The reason? A new car
and an oppressive and
racist police force.
When my grandfather died, my father
inherited a little money
and bought a car. Hed
shine it up and put gas
in it on Friday when he
got paid, said Jackson.
The deputies would
pull him over and put
him in jail for some
trumped up reason and
drive the car around.
And Monday morning,
theyd let him out of jail
with a car that had no
gas.
They did that two
times, Jackson continued. The next time, my
dad sold the car, got him
a bus ticket and came to
Lima.
Eugenes father, Jimmy
Jackson, heard of Lima
through a brother. He

Midwest

What goes on now

is, the haves and the
have nots. Its caste
and class. Theyre
going to replace
racism. But poor
white folks havent
realized that yet.

Jimmy Jackson

got a job at the General

Motors casting plant
in Defiance. Eugene,
who has a high school
education, got a job in
the auto industry, too, at
Ford Motor Company in
Lima as a supervisor in
machining and assembly.
If you didnt have
a job, you didnt want
one, he said of the
bountiful job opportunities of the 1950s and
1960s.
At the time of his
retirement in 1998 at
age 53, after 33 years of
service, Eugene Jackson
estimated he was making about $30 an hour.
But that kind of highpaying manufacturing
job in Lima is harder
to find nowadays, especially for people without
a college education.
Eugenes 40-year-old

wages and free rail fare

to come to Lima.
Hundreds of African
Americans from AlaFrom page 1A
bama, Mississippi, and
elsewhere across the
Now that spotlight
South began arriving
has swung around to
in Lima on the B&O
Midwestern cities such
Railroad and immedias Ferguson, Missouri,
ately reporting for work
and Cleveland. With
the attention comes the at Ohio Steel at wages
above 72 cents an hour,
opportunity to expose
and heal a different type writes Bush. Many, he
of segregation, one that said, settled on Limas
shows up in wide socio- south side.
The new arrivals found
economic inequities
that even in the North,
and offers a new front
in the civil rights move- Jim Crow had a say in
where they were allowed
ment.
to go and what they were
allowed to do, even if the
Why the Midwest?
segregationist policies
Asked about the geowerent codified in law.
graphical clustering of
Buses would not stop
its Top Ten list, Valerie
for African-Americans
Wilson, an economist
north of the Pennsylat the Economic Policy
vania Railroad tracks,
Institute, a progressive
and blacks avoided the
think tank, told 24/7
entire north end of town
Wall St. that it was due
at night for fear of being
to the Great Migration
attacked, writes Bush,
that occured between
who conducted scores
1916 and 1970, when
nearly 6 million African- of oral interviews for
his book. Adults found
Americans fled the
themselves barred from
Souths segregationist
restaurants, stores, and
Jim Crow policies for
new lives and better jobs restrooms, and confined
elsewhere. The Midwest, to the balcony in Limas
movie houses.
she said, was especially
The boom didnt last.
attractive because it was
experiencing a manufac- The oil fields around
Lima dried up. And manturing boom.
Lima was one of those ufacturing jobs did, too,
here and across the MidMidwestern cities.
At the turn of the 20th west. Economists point
to a number of reasons,
century, the city had
thriving industries in oil, including periods of
recession, trade deficits
natural gas and railroad
with China and India,
transportation. Later, it
technological advances
would be home to auto
and trade policies.
manufacturer Ford.
According to U.S.
Thousands of blacks
Bureau of Labor Statisfrom the rural South
tics, in 1965, manufacbegan to come to Lima
turing accounted for 53
for work. Many were
actively recruited during percent of the economy.
That percentage slid to
the 1930s by Ohio Steel
39 percent in 1988 and
founder John Galvin.
skidded to 8.8 percent in
Galvin, needing work2015. Five million jobs
ers, figured that black
labor would work as well alone vanished between
as white, writes Bluffton 2000 and 2014.
This has meant rough
University professor
going for Midwestern
Perry Bush in his 2012
book on Lima, Rust Belt states like Indiana, WisResistance, and he sent consin, Iowa, Michigan
and Ohio, where manurecruiters into the rural
facturing jobs make up
South promising decent

Craig J. Orosz | The Lima News

Lydell Jackson, foreground, stands in the Ford Engine Plant education center with his father, Eugene Jackson, who retired from Ford
several years ago. Lydell noted that the job market was much different for his father in the 1950s and 60s. My dad, he could leave one
high paying job today and be in another high paying job the same day, because that was the boom of the economy. Now, the job market
isnt the same. Its just not the same.

job today and be in

another high paying job
the same day, because
that was the boom of
the economy, Lydell
Jackson said. Now,
the job market isnt the
same. Its just not the
same.
Lydell Jackson doesnt

think race plays a role in

who gets a good job and
who doesnt in Lima.
My struggle is no different than any other,
he said.
Eugene Jackson
echoed those sentiments.
What goes on now

dispersed among census

tracks, US2010 Project
researchers found that
segregation in St. Louis
slipped from a value of
82 in 1980 to 71 in 2010.
Scores at 60 or above
reflect high segregation,
Logan said, but at least
the value fell over the
last thirty years.
Despite decreasing
racial segregation overall, Logan found that
on average, blacks were
living in poorer, more
disadvantaged communities, such as the majorityblack suburb of Ferguson, than were whites.
Ferguson was the scene
of racial unrest after the
2014 shooting death
of Michael Brown, an
unarmed black teen, by a
white police officer.
Suburban whites in
St. Louis live in neighborhoods with a 6.2 percent poverty rate, while
suburban black neighborhoods average 16.4 percent, he said.
This held true, Logan
found, even when blacks
could afford to live in
better neighborhoods.
Blacks with incomes
over $57,000 live in
neighborhoods with
higher poverty rates than
do whites who earn less
than $40,000, Logan
said. Its very important
Economic segregation
for readers to be aware
Just how difficult this
that segregation is not
change is can be seen in
just about people living
research by the US2010
separately by race, but
Project, an initiative
also living in very differdirected by Brown Unient kinds of local enviversitys John Logan
ronments.
that tracks changes in
He found the disparity
American metropolitan
areas. Its analysis of U.S. between blacks exposure
to poverty compared
Census data from 1970
to whites was greater
to 2010 found that even
though racial segregation in Midwestern and
in communities is slowly Northeastern cities like
declining, blacks are still Newark, Milwaukee and
Cleveland than in cities
likely to live in the least
desirable and most disad- in the South and West
vantaged neighborhoods. like Las Vegas, Orlando
and Columbia, South
Case in point: St.
Carolina.
Louis and its surroundLogan believes its
ing suburbs. Using
because of racial segretheindex of dissimilargation in the housing
ity, a measure of segregation that captures how market.
Middle class black
evenly two groups are

people have a restricted

range of neighborhoods
they can get into, or
where they think people
will rent or sell to them,
or where their kids
wont be the only black
kid in the schools, he
explained. Its partly
related to the history of
how these places were
settled in the 1940s,
1950s and 1960s and
clearly, its still having an
effect today.

son, Lydell, who,

like Eugene, has a high
school education is a
maintenance worker at
Shawnee Manor Nursing
Home, making far less
than his dad did at that
age.
My dad, he could
leave one high paying

more than 10 percent of

the total labor market.
And blacks, Valerie
Wilson said, have been
disproportionately
affected because a higher
percentage of the black
population relied on
these jobs compared to
whites.
Bureau of Labor Statistics show blacks, who
made up 21 percent of
Ohios manufacturing
work force in 2000, comprised just 9.5 percent in
2013. Whites, too, saw
a drop in manufacturing
jobs, but it was not as
severe: from approximately 23 percent in
2000 to 17 percent in
2013.
Those industries have
essentially dried up and
the opportunities are
no longer there, but the
people still are, Wilson
told 24/7 Wall St.
What remains in these
communities, said John
Logan, a professor of
sociology at Brown University, is a persistent
underclass.
The Great Migration
created large, very
disadvantaged urban
communities that were
predominantly black and
are difficult to change
today, he said.

The new South?

Such a persistent socioeconomic and neighborhood divisions between
blacks and whites appear
to be opening up a Midwest front in the ongoing
fight for civil rights.
Deuel Ross, assistant
counsel with the NAACP
Legal Defense and Educational Fund, said Ferguson may be the Selma
of its day.
In Selma, Alabama,
in 1965, the televised
beating of nonviolent
black demonstrators by
white officers shocked
the country and spurred
Congress passage of the
Voting Rights Act later
that same year.
With Ferguson, its
the first time in a long
time that the country has
seen mass protests and
mass movements focused
on racial justice, Ross
said by telephone from
his office in New York
City.
He said the NAACP
LDF is dedicating more
attention and resources
to civil rights cases
emerging in the Midwest.
Thats not to say that
everythings grand for
black people in New York
and Los Angeles and
Dallas and Houston and
Atlanta, he said. But the
smaller black communities in places such as
Lima, Ferguson and Des
Moines, he said, need
more help.
Its more difficult to
organize, he said.
Pastor Ron Fails, head

is the haves and the

have nots. Its caste and
class. Theyre going to
replace racism, said the
elder Jackson. But poor
white folks havent realized that yet.
Reach Amy Eddings at 567-2420379 or Twitter, @lima_eddings.

of the NAACPs Lima

chapter, agreed that
Lima and the Midwest
are to the 21st Century
civil rights movement
what the Deep South was
in the 1960s.
I was born in Selma,
I lived through it, said
the 58-year-old Fails of
the comparison. The
community was socialized to behave in a certain manner. In order
to change it, it wasnt a
matter of sitting down
and having a conversation with people who
was a part of that system,
because they didnt see
the system as being
broke. The same thing
holds true in this community. Its difficult to
have a conversation and
come up with solutions
because theres such a
denial.
Fails said the 24/7 list
holds an opportunity for
his members. He said
he plans to reach out to
business leaders and the
areas college deans and
presidents to talk about
increasing opportunities
for blacks in Lima.
Marcia McCoy, president of the Cleveland
chapter of the National
Action Network, said the
black community there
is galvanized following the highly-publicized
fatal shooting in 2014 of
12-year-old Tamir Rice
by a white police officer.
A grand jury earlier this
year declined to prosecute the officer.
Voting rights and
minority representation
in government are a top
concern, she said.
When you look at our
governor, our county
executive, the attorney
general, the county prosecutors, the chair of the
board of elections, when
you have whites in place,
and not people of color,
thats when you know
that youve got a race
issue, said McCoy.
Reach Amy Eddings at 567-2420379 or Twitter, @lima_eddings.