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driver. One of the mainimpetuses behind the call for driverless cars is safety. An
autonomous vehicle is fundamentallydefined as a passenger vehicle. An
autonomous vehicle is also referred to as an autopilot,driverless car, auto-drive car,
or automated guided vehicle (AGV).
Most prototypes that have been built so far performed automatic steering that were
based on sensing the painted lines in theroad or magnetic monorails embedded in
the road
When it comes to seeing the road, driverless cars currently in development are based on
one of two systems: LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) and optical camera sensors.
A driverless cars sensor system must be able to detect the road, obstacles like fallen trees and
construction sites, other vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists, finally it must be able to sense the
speed and direction of any moving objects.
The LiDAR system detects objects by firing out a laser and waiting for a reflection to
come back. The reflection is measured to determine the distance between the
object and the car. But it is very costly.
A dozen ultrasonic sensors provide a 360-degree view around the vehicle, and a
RADAR system helps the cars Autopilot system to make decisions.
Sensor, logical processing unit and mechanical control systems