EXPERIMENT 6

RC, RLC CIRCUIT AND RESONANCE

I. OBJECTIVES
a. Students will understand Capacitive Reactance in AC Circuits.
b. Students will know the characteristic of capacitor in series and parallel in a circuit.
c. Observe the characteristic of the capacitor and the charging-discharging time constant
of a capacitor.
II. SCOPE
A. Theory
a. Capacitor
Capacitor is a component that can store electrical energy, resist DC current,
filter, tuning, etc. The process of storing the energy is known as charging process.
The energy that is stored can be transfered for instance to a load, this process also
known as discharging.
Formula for capacitor charging-discharging is as follow :
-t
-t

Vc Vps1 - e RC Vc o .e RC with VcO is initial voltage in the capacitor

Time constant of RC is explained as follow:

Figure 6.1
If a capacitor is connected to a DC supply, the capacitor wont directly
fully charging. The way it is charged is drawn in the charging-curve. After 5RC
second (5), then the capacitor will fully-charged. It is the same as the discharging.
It takes 5RC second (5) to fully-discharged.

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0,7T T

Konstanta
Waktu RC

VC

C1

0,652VC
0,5VC

chargin
g

C2

+
i

VSG
0

0,7T T

Konstanta
Waktu RC

C2

According to Kirchoff Law for serial

i1 circuit:i2

VSG

v SG vC1 vC 2 vCi3

C i. X C1 X C 2 CX C 3
1 1
1 1
12 1

CT

j..CT

i3

it

VSG
i. X

discharging
C3

Figure 6.2C1

VSG

discharging

C3

C
3

j. C1 C 2 C 3

1
1
1
1

CT C1 C 2 C 3

VSG
i1

it

vSG

C1

i2
C2

i3

C3

Figure 6.3
Whereas for parallel circuit above:

iT i1 i 2 i3
v SG
v
v
v
SG SG SG
X CT
X C1 X C 2 X C 3
v SG
1

j..CT
CT C1

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v SG

j..C1
C 2 C3

v SG
1

j..C 2

v SG
1

j..C 3

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B. References
1. Floyd, 2009. Principles of Electric Circuits: Conventional Current Version. Prentice
Hall. US.
2. William Hyatt and Kennedy, Engineering Circuit Analysis, McGraw-Hill, Aucland.
3. Joseph Edminister, Electrical Circuit, McGraw-Hill, New York
4. Scott, Linear Circuit, Prentice-Hall, 4th edition.
III. DEVICES

Analog Discovery
Practicum Plat
Digital Multimeter
Components : R = 100, 680, 27 k, 47k
C = 1000 F, 1 uF (3), 100 nF
L = 2.5 mH

IV. INSTRUCTION OF LABORATORY

A. Procedure
a. Inductor and Capacitor with DC Input
+
A

R1

1K

A
B

2.5mH

+
V
_

V PS
_ 5V
+

C
D

E
F

100n

Figure 6.4
1. Design the circuit in Figure 6.4 into a breadboard!
2. Connect V+ (Red cable) and Ground (Black cable) of Analog Discovery to VCC
and GND
3. Run WaveForms software and connect Analog Discovery to PCs USB port.
4. From WaveForms software menu, select Supplies, then click on Positive Supply
(+5V) Rdy
5. Measure the current and voltage using multimeter according to table 6.1!
6. Write down the value to table 6.1!

Table 6.1
VPS

IAB

ICD

IEF

VR1

VL

Vc

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b. Charging and Discharging

Figure 6.5
1.
2.
3.
4.

Design the components in Figure 6.5 into a breadboard!

Connect the jumper or SW to position B.
Adjust the power supply voltage to 10 V
To be more precision, the 10 V is measured when the PSU is connected to the
circuit.
5. Use Analog Discoverys Osciloscope to measure voltage in capasitor by
Connect 1+ (Orange cable) and 1- (Orange and White cable) of Analog Discovery
to Node A/B and Node GND
6. From WaveForms software menu, select Scope
7. Move the jumper to position A and click Run on Analog Discoverys Scope,
while you are looking at the increasing of the capacitor voltage on oscilloscope
7. From Scope software menu, select View, then click on Data, write down the
time to table 6.2
8. The time counter is started after the capacitor is surely 0 V by shorting the +
terminal and terminal of the capacitor. (ask for your asistant help!)
9. After table 6.2 is fully filled, remove the switch to position B and click Run,
while you are looking at the decreasing of the capacitor voltage on oscilloscope,
write down the time to table 6.3
10. Repeat measurement by replace R1 = 1k and R2 = 3k
Table 6.2
VC (V)
T (sec)
R = 47 k
0

T (sec)
R = 1 k

Table 6.3
VC (V)

T (sec)
R = 3 k

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T (sec)
R = 27 k

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c. Serial Capacitor

Figure 6.6
1. Design the components in Figure 6.6 above into a breadboard!
2. Use Analog Discoverys Signal Generator by Connect W1 (Yellow cable) and
Ground (Black cable) of Analog Discovery to VCC and GND
3. From WaveForms software menu, select Wavegen, and adjust the SG voltage to
4 Vpp and frequency 100 Hz, then select Run!
4. Measure the voltage by using an oscilloscope according to table 6.4!
5. Also measure the current by using a multimeter!
6. Draw the VR and VC signal in one axis! (by using a multisim)
7. Repeat the measurement with frequency 10 KHz!

Figure 6.7
Table 6.4
VSG (VPP)

Freq

100 Hz

10 KHz

VR

VC1

VC2

VC3

d. Parallel Capacitor
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Figure 6.8
1. Design the components in Figure 6.8 above into a breadboard!
2. Use Analog Discoverys Signal Generator by Connect W1 (Yellow cable) and
Ground (Black cable) of Analog Discovery to VCC and GND
3. From WaveForms software menu, select Wavegen, and adjust the SG voltage to
4 Vpp and frequency 100 Hz, then select Run!
4. Measure the voltage by using an oscilloscope and write down the value to table
6.5!
5. Also measure the current by using a multimeter!
6. Draw VR and VC in one axis! (by using a multsim)
7. Repeat the measurement with frequency 10 KHz!

Figure 6.9
Table 6.5
VSG (VPP)

Frek

100 Hz

10 kHz

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VR

VC

IC1

IC2

IC3

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B. Final Reports Requirement for Minimum Grade

Analyze each experiment that you have done. In the analysis, give the explanation
about:
Capacitor, capacitance, and capacitive reactance
Serial and parallel capacitor, and its total capacitance
The phase difference in passive component
Inductor and capacitor in DC circuit
Charging and discharging
Impedance, admittance
Draw the oscilloscope signal from the experiment C and D
Analyze about the voltage supply and the LED voltage in charging-discharging
Compare the result that you get from the practicum with the simulation and the
theory
Make the theory, simulation result and your experiment data as the reference in
making analysis and give at least 5 conclusion about the experiment!

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