Primary Sources:

"Appeal to Turkey to Stop Massacres." The New York Times. New York Times, 2005. Web. 11
Jan. 2017.
This is a New York Times newspaper article from April 28th, 1915 written by Richard Diran
Kloian. The article talks about how Ambassador Morgenthau at Constantinople was asked to act
upon a request from the Russian Government to take steps to help protect Armenians after
reports about massacres and threatened further attacks. The Russian Government was then told to
forward a message for help to the U.S government which was the first official notice about the
Armenian massacres. This article gave us insight about how the U.S were placed in the genocide.
It was interesting learning how they were asked for help, which led to more research about how
they declined help in fighting for Armenians.

Armenians, The Genocide Of The. "The American Ambassador in Constantinople." The

Genocide of the Armenians 127 Reading 5 (n.d.): 127-29. Web. 3 Dec. 2016
This piece is an article about a US Ambassador in Turkey during the Armenian Genocide
including the ambassador Morgenthau. It is a part of the novel The Genocide of the Armenians
that explains in detail what life was like for the Armenians and the people who watched it
happen. This specific article gives us an insight to how Morgenthau. He was against the genocide
and was asked for help from the russians but, the United States would not back him up. President
Woodrow Wilson did not believe the US should be involved because there was no American
casualties. The ambassador faced a very large dilemma as did many others in situations like this.
This example of what it was like to be a bystander is very helpful to the project in order to help
us answer one of the underlying questions. Why did nobody help the Armenians? Morgenthau
clearly shows that he wanted to help but, him and the view others who felt this was morally
wrong did not have enough support to defeat the Young Turks.
Baas, Sayied Ahmed Moukhtar. "First-hand Account by a Turkish Army Officer on the
Deportation of Armenians from Trebizond and Erzerum, December 26, 1916." First-hand
Account by a Turkish Army Officer on the Deportation of Armenians from Trebizond and
Erzerum, December 26, 1916. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2016.
This is a document that Sayied Ahmed Moukhtar Baas wrote in 1916. He was a lieutenant who
was quartered at Erzeroum before the deaths started. This is a primary source about a lieutenant
who was an eyewitness to the brutality during the Armenian genocide. He was a member of the
court martial which was how he knew that when he got the order for deportations, it really meant
massacres. He goes into great detail everything that he witnessed. This source is incredibly
useful because it is a primary source that has a different point of view from our others. This is
from someone who was on the other side of the massacres. He goes into detail about what he was
assigned to do and gives details about what was happening during the genocide. Sayied shows
what the other side was thinking and doing during the genocide.

I- Witness. San Francisco: Genocide Education Project, 1984. Teach Genocide. The Genocide
Education Project. Web. 18 Dec. 2016.
These stories of people who lived through the horrific events provided us with the opportunity to
understand what peoples lives were really like. The website had 9 different witness accounts
which were each individually unique. The source is reliable and helpful because each person had
the ability to tell their story without boundaries. The women told stories about how they saw
friends get abused repeatedly while the men described the close quarters they were stuck in.
Kloian, Mesrob. "Eyewitness to the Armenian Genocide." Center for Holocaust and Genocide
Studies. Regents of the University of Minnesota, 16 Jan. 2014. Web. 18 Nov. 2016.
Mesrob Kloian was a survivor of the Armenian Genocide wrote about it in his memoir. This
source is credible because it is a primary source. Mesrobs brother, Zakar was also a survivor and
wrote an affidavit to testify in court about the genocide. In Mesrobs memoir and Zakars
affidavit, they share the same details of the events that occurred. The memoir is about him being
taken from his home and the path he is forced to take. This part in Mesrobs memoir is similar to
Zakars affidavit, but it is useful because it goes into greater detail and explains different events.
It helps get more and different information on a different source that we previously had to
understand the struggle of what happened for people during the genocide.
Kloian, Richard Diran. "Aid for Armenia Blocked by Turkey." New York Times 1 Nov. 1915.
This is another Newspaper article from the New York Times by Richard Diran Kloian from
November 1st, 1915. In the article it published about how the The American Committee on
Armenian Atrocities officially made a statement that the extermination of Armenians was so bad
that it would be the greatest, most pathetic, and most arbitrary tragedy in history. This
newspaper piece his helpful because it goes into depth about what was being done at the time
when people realized how bad it was for the Armenians. We also get a lot of first hand quotes.
Morgenthau, Henry, Sr. Letter to Secretary of State, Washington. 20 July 1915. The Armenian
Genocide. N.p., 22 Nov. 2008. Web. 3 Dec. 2016.
This account to the Secretary of State helps us prove our point. Written by an American
Ambassador its a reputable and a certified source that will describe part of the problems during
the genocide. The letter was written to try and bring attention to the massacres happening in
Armenia.
Panian, Karnig. Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide. Stanford, CA:
Stanford UP, 2015. Print.
This is a memoir written by Karnig Panian about his life experience. This is helpful and credible
because it was written about what occurred over time about his life in lengthy information
because it's a book source. This is a helpful primary source because there is immense detail about
how is life started during World War 1 and what happened to him during the Genocide, and how
he survived.

Secondary Sources:
"Escaping the Armenian Genocide." Telephone interview. 28 Dec. 2016.
The interview conducted with the son of Armenian Genocide survivors was a source that gave us
insight to what the genocide was like on a personal level. Hagop Koroghlian heard the story of
the genocide from his parents who were lucky enough to escape. This information gave us the
opportunity to describe what the genocide was like for families of those who lived through it.
The phone call was a chance for him to tell us personal stories and personal opinions about what
it was like for him and his parents to live in a country that doesnt consider the horrifying act as a
genocide. The information helps us describe the thoughts that go through descendants of
survivors.
Dadrian, Vahakn N. The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to
Anatolia to the Caucasus. Providence, RI: Berghahn, 1995. Print.
This book is written by Vahakn Dadrian who is an expert in the Armenian Genocide. He is a
professor of Sociology and history and in his book talks about the case study of the genocide and
the details of what Turkey was thinking and how it escalated. This is useful because his
information is carefully researched and his knowledge is incredibly helpful. He goes into great
detail on the conflicts and how the rest of the world dealt with the genocide.
"Genocide History." Pasadena Armenian Genocide Memorial. Armenian Genocide Memorial,
Web. 08 Jan. 2017.
This genocide website has a variety of pages that give detailed information on the genocide and
the memorial they have. There is no specific author but the publisher has credentials that allow
me to infer that the information is reliable. Detailed maps and the use of Armenian phrases
provide insight to where the Armenians were forced to go and what words they use to describe
the monstrous casualties. The website also gives a list of countries that have officially declared
the massacres as a genocide and in what year they did so. This source provided me with
information that gives me a detailed insight to the troubles Armenians went through on their
journey to safety.

Longoria, Alba, and Lindsay Morris. "The Armenian Genocide." The Armenian Genocide Home. 22 Nov. 2008. Web. 03 Dec. 2016.
This article is by Alba Longoria and Lindsay Morris writing about the history of the genocide.
They are teachers at the university of Texas. This gives information about the fall of the Ottoman
Empire and why the Turks started the genocide and gives a little more facts about the deaths. It
also includes that many countries don't count it a genocide because they believe that the Ottoman

Empire didn't have preconceived plans to exterminate Armenians. It also explains what a
genocide is considered, and shows that the Turks did everything on the list. This gives us
information to help use about the Ottoman Empire. It also helps us with information about why
people today still don't accept it as a genocide and why they should.
Payaslian, Simon. The History of Armenia: From the Origins to the Present. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2007. Print.
Simon Payaslian is Holder of the Charles K. and Elizabeth M. Kenosian Chair in Modern
Armenian History and Literature at Boston University. He has published many books on the
Armenian Genocide including The History of Armenia: From the Origins to the Present and the
United States Policy toward the Armenian Question and the Armenian Genocide. The History of
Armenia brings new insights on the development of the Armenian nation in the first millennium
B.C. to the present. Armenia has experienced a history of conquest and near annihilation,
fragmentation and dispersion, as well as moments of renaissance. Payaslian clearly illustrates
how a people has survived in a most dangerous neighborhood for two and a half millennia.
Payaslian has enough credibility and knowledge of the topic for his book to be considered a great
source for the project. The book has sections that cover many different areas of the Armenian
culture including their origin, the transformation into a new government, how they gained
independence, and the brutality they suffered. All of these topics help us to show the change in
the Armenians from before the genocide during the genocide and all the way to present times.
Report by a Resident of Syria on the Condition of Armenian Deportees, November 27, 1916."
Report by a Resident of Syria on the Condition of Armenian Deportees, November 27,
1916. Web. 21 Nov. 2016.
This source is a document in which the author was anonymous because he spoke out about the
treatment the Armenians were facing and he was afraid of being accused of exaggeration. This
another primary source that was on the same website of the last one. The document was reported
by the author in Syria and is in the British archives. The author experienced the genocide and
documented what he saw, and what others said they saw. He got sides and feeling from everyone
and documented all. This is useful because it is a document from someone who experienced the
genocide but wasn't tortured or torturing. He talks about important points that we need filled in
for our research and goes into detail about what was happening. He explains the brutality he
watched.
Suny, Ronald G. "Armenian Genocide." Britannica School. Britannica Digital Learning, Web. 15
Nov. 2016.
Ronald Grigor Suny is professor emeritus of political science and history at the University of
Chicago. Suny has served as chairman of the Society for Armenian Studies and on the editorial
boards of International Journal of Middle East Studies, The Armenian Review, Journal of the
Society for Armenian Studies, and Armenian Forum, and is a contributing editor to Armenian
International Magazine. This specific article is detailed in each area of the Armenian history

starting before the genocide began. Suny clearly understands the background of the genocide and
demonstrates his knowledge in his publications. Armenians had a hard life before the genocide
began. They were never the majority race in their region and were generally poor. These people's
lives were never really easy and it only got worse as time went on. His comprehension of the
topic and his opinions will help us to show the horrors of the time period.
The Avalon Project : Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide;
December 9, 1948." The Avalon Project : Convention on the Prevention and Punishment
of the Crime of Genocide; December 9, 1948. Ed. United Nations Treaty Series. Lillian
Goldman Law Library, 2008. Web. 17 Nov. 2016.
In 1948 the United Nations created a document that clearly explained the criteria of a genocide.
This document was written after the Holocaust in order to punish those who contributed in the
mass murder of the jewish community. Each article has a specific and directive point to help
prevent this from ever happening again. It is in this document where they declare that genocide is
a crime under international law. The articles describe what a genocide is and who should be
punished if such event should occur. Any country had the ability to sign it and if they did they
would be required to enact these laws when it became necessary. The United Nations understood
that after the Holocaust something like it could never happen again. To many lives were lost and
too many people had an overabundance of power that led to the gruesome events. Although
Turkey continues to ignore the fact that this was a genocide each article clearly defines that it
was. If the United Nations had held Turkey accountable in the 1920s the Holocaust itself could
have been prevented.
"What about Today." Personal interview. 21 Dec. 2016
Interviewing a grandchild of a victim to the genocide provided us with great insight. Paula
Bakarian had heard the story many times because her grandmother and mother were lucky
enough to escape. Her grandfather was not as fortunate. Everything she told us reiterated the
horrific feelings that went through peoples minds and what it had done to them today. Most
Armenians them included feel neglected when it comes to this topic because it never gets its
deserved attention. The interview yet again gave us the opportunity to speak with someone who
constantly lives through the ignorance of the US Government.
Whitehorn, Alan. The Armenian Genocide: The Essential Reference Guide. Santa Barbara, CA:
ABC-CLIO, an Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2015. Print.
The author of the Armenian Genocide: The Essential Referance Guide is Alan Whitehorn. He has
published many books and articles on the Armenian Genocide. This book has primary documents
key events and people who experienced it. There are contributions from other authors on the
Armenian Genocide and detailed images. There are documents, essays and entries that fill this
book. It is incredibly useful because this reference book has tons of information that helped

answer our questions. This helped us with historical significance and different perspectives with
other authors inputs.

Pictography:
Diserio, Rebecca. "Nov. 14th, 1914: The Ottoman Empire Declares Jihad on France, Britain,
Serbia, Russia." Truth And Action. Truth And Action, 14 Nov. 2015. Web. 10 Jan. 2017.
Elder, John. "Photos of Armenia: 1917-1919." Photos of Armenia: 1917-1919. Photo Collection
of John Elder. Armenian National Institute, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2017.
"Genocide History." Pasadena Armenian Genocide Memorial. PAGMC, 2014. Web. 10 Jan.
2017.
Kieser Australian Research Council Future Fellow, University of Newcastle, Hans Lukas. "Join
the Dots between Gallipoli and the Armenian Genocide." The Conversation. N.p., 23
Nov. 2016. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.
"Map of the 1915 Armenian Genocide in the Turkish Empire." Map of the 1915 Armenian
Genocide in the Turkish Empire. Armenian National Institute, Web. 18 Dec. 2016.
Rennell, Tony. "Genocide of the Christians: The Blood-soaked Depravity Exceeded Even
Today's Atrocities by Islamic State - Now, 100 Years on Turkey Faces Global Disgust at
Its Refusal to Admit Butchering over a MILLION Armenians ." Daily Mail Online.
Associated Newspapers, 17 Apr. 2015. Web. 08 Jan. 2017.
Robinson, John. "1941 - THE YEAR IN REVIEW." 1941 - THE YEAR IN REVIEW. Free
Republic, Web. 10 Jan. 2017.
"Turkey in the First World War - Major Naval Operations." Turkey in the First World War Major Naval Operations. Turkeys War, 2015. Web. 10 Jan. 2017.
"Turkey in the First World War - Search for Allies." Turkey in the First World War - Search for
Allies. Turkeys War, 2008. Web. 10 Jan. 2017.
Wegner, Armin T. "Armenian Deportees: 1915-1916." Armenian Deportees: 1915-1916.
Armenian National Institute, n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2017.
Www.mediable.com. "History of Armenia." History of Armenia. Armenica, 05 Apr. 2008. Web.
08 Jan. 2017.

Videography:
Senator Barack Obama Discusses Armenian Genocide. Perf. Barack Obama. ANCA. ANCA, 30
June 2008. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
This video is credible because it was originally published on Armenian National Committee of
Americas website and was then uploaded by Daily Mail U.K.. The video has then Senator
Barack Obama speaking about his opinion on the genocide.

"Pope, in Armenia, Describes Mass Killing as Genocide." CNN. Cable News Network, 26 June
2016. Web. 12 Jan. 2017.
This video was originally published on the Armenian National Committee of America's website
and then uploaded to CNN. This video is the pope talking about how the Armenian massacres
was the first Genocide of the 20th century.