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Guide to OptiX 2500+Four-Fiber

Multiplex Section Ring Deployment

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Huawei Technologies Co, Ltd

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March 23rd, 2001

Guide to OptiX 2500+Four-Fiber Multiplex Section Ring Deployment

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Revision Records
Date

2005-03-01

Revised version

Description

Huawei Confidential. No disclosure without permission.

Author

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Contents
Chapter 1 Guide to OptiX 2500+Four-Fiber Multiplex Section Ring Deployment......................5
1.1 Topological Composition...................................................................................................... 5
1.1.1 Optical Fiber Composition......................................................................................... 5
1.1.2 Definition of Logic System.........................................................................................5
1.1.3 Service Transmission.................................................................................................6
1.2 Segment Switching and Ring Switching of the Four-Fiber Ring...........................................6
1.2.1 Differences and Identities between the Four-Fiber Ring and Two-Fiber Ring............6
1.3 Several Commands in the Four-Fiber Multiplex Section Ring that Should Be Noted...........9
1.3.1 Protocol Setting Command: apsc-set-protocol (newly added)...................................9
1.3.2 Protocol Query Command: apsc-get-protocol (newly added)....................................9
1.3.3 Segment Lock Command: apsc-start-locksw.............................................................9
1.3.4 Cancel the Segment Lock Command: apsc-stop-locksw...........................................9
1.3.5 Switching Start Command: apsc-set-switch (newly added).......................................9
1.3.6 Switching Clear Command: apsc-clr-switch (newly added).......................................9
1.3.7 Switching State Query Command: apsc-get-state4f (newly added).........................10
1.4 About the Version............................................................................................................... 10
1.5 Precautions to Networking................................................................................................. 10
1.5.1 Slot Requirements................................................................................................... 10
1.5.2 Definition Requirements of Logic System................................................................10
1.6 Configuration Examples..................................................................................................... 10
1.7 Fault Locating..................................................................................................................... 11
1.7.1 Analysis Method of Multiplex Section Protection Switching Event...........................12
1.7.2 Cross Page Analysis................................................................................................ 12
1.8 Appendix: 2500+ Backplane Bus Distribution Table...........................................................13

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Keyword:
Guide to OptiX 2500+Four-Fiber Multiplex Section Ring Deployment
Summary:
Guide to OptiX 2500+Four-Fiber Multiplex Section Ring Deployment
Abbreviation list:
None.
Reference list:
None.

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Chapter 1 Guide to OptiX 2500+Four-Fiber

Multiplex Section Ring Deployment
1.1 Topological Composition
1.1.1 Optical Fiber Composition
The four-fiber ring is a bi-directional protection ring for the shared multiplex
section, with two service fibers (one for sending and one for receiving) and two
protection fibers (one for sending and one for receiving) on the entire loop, as
shown in Figure 1.S1 and S2 are the service fibers, while P1 and P2 are the
protection fibers. The service fibers compose working channels, while the
protection fibers compose protection channels.

S1

1
P1

S2

P2
4

Figure 1 Topology of a four-fiber multiplex section ring

1.1.2 Definition of Logic System

4 pairs of optical fibers are connected to the ADM system defined as a 4-fiber
multiplex section, they are respectively defined as West 1 (G1W), East 1
(G1E), West 2 (G2E) and East 2 (G2E). The corresponding relations between
respective logic systems and fibers are as follows:
West 1 (G1W) corresponds to a pair of service fibers (S1 and S2) on the west
side of this ADM site.
East 1 (G1E) corresponds to a pair of service fibers (S1 and S2) on the east
side of this ADM site.
West 2 (G2W) corresponds to a pair of service fibers (P1 and P2) on the west
side of this ADM site.
East 2 (G2E) corresponds to a pair of service fibers (P1 and P2) on the east
side of this ADM site.
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Take Site 3 as an example, the definition of ADM site logic system of a 4-fiber
multiplex section ring is shown in Figure 2.

S1

1
P2 P1

S2

G2W
G1W

G2E

G1E

Figure 2 Definition of the logic system of a four-fiber multiplex section ring

1.1.3 Service Transmission

In normal cases, services are transmitted bi-directionally on the working
channels, while the protection channels are idle or used to transmit extra
services. If any ring switching (not exercise ring switching) occurs on the ring or
any segment switching (not exercise segment switching) occurs in this
segment, extra services will be lost.

1.2 Segment Switching and Ring Switching of the Four-Fiber

Ring
1.2.1 Differences and Identities between the Four-Fiber Ring and Two-Fiber
Ring
I. Identities
On 4-fiber rings, protocols are also transmitted with K1 and K2 bytes, therefore,
the basic analysis method of the 2-fiber multiplex section is still applicable to
the 4-fiber multiplex section.

II. Differences
K1 and K2 bytes of APS protocols are transmitted through different fiber
channels.
There are 4 pairs of optical fibers in a 4-fiber multiplex section ring, therefore
K1 and K2 bytes are transmitted and received respectively in 4 directions.
However, the protocols are processed only according to the K1 and K2 bytes
received by the protection channel fibers in the 4-fiber multiplex section. The
following shows a protection switching event of a multiplex section:
APS EVENT
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Guide to OptiX 2500+Four-Fiber Multiplex Section Ring Deployment

ID
sys1

EVENT-NO
TIMESTAMP
11

EVENT

SF_DET

PARAS TIME
0x0000 2001-1-4 4:33:8 0x77735d15

//G1W working channel has detected SF.

sys1

12

sys1
13
//request

K_SENDS

0xb340 2001-1-4 4:33:8 0x77735dbd

K_DIR

0x0000 2001-1-4

4:33:8

0x77735dcf

//Transmit the ring switching request due to signal failure via G2W short path to
the site with the multiplex section node number as 3.
sys1

14

K_SENDS

0xb348 2001-1-4 4:33:8 0x77735e01

sys1

15

K_DIR

0x0002 2001-1-4 4:33:8 0x77735e0f

//Transmit the ring switching request due to signal failure via G2E long path to
the site with the multiplex section node number as 3.
sys1

16

STATE_TRAN

0x040b 2001-1-4 4:33:8 0x77735e38

//The state shifts to ring switching

sys1

17

K_RECV

0xb438 2001-1-4 4:33:8 0x77736b17

sys1

18

K_DIR

0x0003 2001-1-4 4:33:8 0x77736b2e

//G2E receives the ring switching request due to signal failure transmitted from
Site 3 via the long path.
sys1

19

XC_EXECUTE

0x0002 2001-1-4 4:33:8 0x77736d09

//Send the ring switching page to the XC board and complete protection
switching.
The above event shows that K1 and K2 bytes bearing the protocols are only
sent to the fibers of the protection channel, and the protection switching is
implemented only based on the K1 and K2 bytes received by the protection
channel..

Segment switching of the four-fiber ring

The primary difference between the 4-fiber ring and 2-fiber ring and the most
significant advantage of the 4-fiber ring is segment switching. In a 2-fiber
multiplex section, one fiber is used to transmit both working services and
protection services, therefore fiber cut in any section will cause switching of the
entire ring, leading to instant service interruption of the entire ring. In addition, if
multiple fiber cuts occur on the entire ring, interruption of part or all of the
services will result.
However, segment switching in the 4-fiber ring improves the reliability greatly.
In the 4-fiber multiplex section ring, if only the fibers of the working channel are
damaged, then switching only happens between the two adjacent sites, and
this is so called segment switching. At this time, the services are switched
from the working channel fibers to the protection channel fibers of this
segment, thus only the services between the two adjacent sites are interrupted,
while the services of other segments are not affected. Moreover, damages of

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multiple working channel fibers will not cause service interruption, therefore the
reliability of the 4-fiber multiplex section ring is greatly improved.
As shown in Figure 3, if only the working channel fibers S1 and S2 between
Site 1 and Site 2 are broken (no matter whether one or both of them are
broken), while the protection channel fibers P1 and P2 are in good condition,
the services originally transmitted on the fibers S1 and S2 between Site 1 and
Site 2 will be switched to the fibers P1 and P2 for transmission, while the
services of other segments are still transmitted on S1 and S2, and the extra
services of other segments are not affected either.

S1

1
P1

S2

P2
4

Figure 3 Segment switching of the four-fiber multiplex section ring

Ring switching of the four-fiber ring

Simultaneous damages of the working channel fibers and protection channel

fibers in a segment will cause ring switching. As shown in Figure 4, if all the
optical cables between Site 1 and Site 2 are broken, the services originally
transmitted on fibers S1 and S2 between Site 1 and Site 2 will be bridgeconnected and switched to fibers P1 and P2 of the whole network for
transmission. . And the extra services transmitted on other segments will be
cancelled.

S1

1
P1

S2

P2
4

Figure 4 Ring switching of the four-fiber multiplex section ring

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1.3 Several Commands in the Four-Fiber Multiplex Section

Ring that Should Be Noted
1.3.1 Protocol Setting Command: apsc-set-protocol (newly added)
The protocol type must be set as a new one when a 4-fiber ring is used. NM of
the old version does not support the setting of new protocols, so such setting
can only be performed through command lines. The setting will be always valid
once it is completed. The new protocol supports both protection modes of the
2-fiber ring and 4-fiber ring, while the old protocol only supports the 2-fiber ring
protection mode. Moreover, the protocol setting is aiming at the equipment
level in stead of the logic system level. In other words, if the protocol of a logic
system on a specific NE is set as a new protocol, then all the controllers of the
multiplex section ring on this NE will use this new protocol.

1.3.2 Protocol Query Command: apsc-get-protocol (newly added)

Used to query the multiplex section protocol type used by the current
equipment.

1.3.3 Segment Lock Command: apsc-start-locksw

The using method of this command remains unchanged, same as that of the
old protocol. But it should be noted that if fiber cut occurs in the protection
channel (West 2 or East 2), this segment will also enter the segment locked
state. The queried switching state is the same as the switching state after the
lock command of this segment is sent. The difference between the two is that
one is with LOS alarm, while the other without.

1.3.4 Cancel the Segment Lock Command: apsc-stop-locksw

The using method of this command remains unchanged, same as that of the
original protocol.

1.3.5 Switching Start Command: apsc-set-switch (newly added)

This command, integrating various external commands of the original 2-fiber
ring, is used to start various external switchings, including forced segment
switching, forced ring switching, manual segment switching, manual ring
switching, exercise segment switching and exercise ring switching. This
command can only be used under the new protocol type.

1.3.6 Switching Clear Command: apsc-clr-switch (newly added)

This command, integrating various external commands of the original 2-fiber
ring, is used to clear various external switchings, including forced segment
switching, forced ring switching, manual segment switching, manual ring
switching, exercise segment switching and exercise ring switching. This
command can only be used under the new protocol type.
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1.3.7 Switching State Query Command: apsc-get-state4f (newly added)

This command is used to query the switching state of the specified multiplex
section controller, please note the difference from the original protocol that the
returned results of this command include the switching states of the two east
and west protection channels describing the switching states in these two
directions respectively. Besides, it should also be noted that the exercise
switching state is also queried with this command other than special ones. This
command can only be used under the new protocol type.

1.4 About the Version

At present, only the host software of Optix2500+ equipment version 4.05.03 or
above supports the 4-fiber ring.
As the protocol used for the 4-fiber ring is brand new, it is not compatible with
the old ones.

1.5 Precautions to Networking

1.5.1 Slot Requirements
The optical boards in the east and west directions of the protection channel
must be placed in the dual slots, because K bytes are transmitted on the
protection channels. There is no requirement for the optical boards of the
working channel, but it is recommended to place them in dual slots too. When
connecting the fibers, pay attention to the correctness of fiber connection to
guarantee that the K bytes are transmitted correctly on East 2 and West 2
fibers.

1.5.2 Definition Requirements of Logic System

In 2500+ equipment, when services are configured for a 4-fiber ring, East 1 and
West 1 are used as working channels, while East 2 and West 2 are used as
protection channels.
When services are configured, one optical interface (with two fibers for
receiving and sending respectively) can only work either in the protection
channel or in the working channel at one time, it can not be configured as
sending (receiving) in the working channel while receiving (sending) in the
protection channel.

1.6 Configuration Examples

Hardware configuration: S16 x 4 , XCS x 1, SCC x 1, PQ1 x 1
Requirements: S16s of Slots 5 and 6 are used as protection channels, while
S16s of Slots 9 and 10 are used as working channels, services are added to
Channel 1 of PQ1 in Slot 1, the services are added to and dropped from Board
10.
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Configuration files:
:login:1,"nesoft"

//Log in NE

:cfg-init<sysall>

//Clear all the original configurations

:cfg-create-board:1,pq1:5&6&9&10,s16:7,xcs

//Create boards

:cfg-create-lgcsys:sys1 //Create the logic system

//Set logic system attributes, note 4f attribute
:cfg-set-attrib<sys1>:2500:4f:bi:ring:adm:msp
//Perform logic mapping, map Slots 9 and 10 into west 1 and east 1, to be used
as working channels to transmit normal services.
:cfg-set-gutumap<sys1>:g1wall,9,s16,1:g1eall,10,s16,1;
//Perform logic mapping, map Slots 5 and 6 into west 2 and east 2, to be used
as protection channels to transmit K bytes.
:cfg-set-gutumap<sys1>:g2wall,5,s16,1:g2eall,6,s16,1;
//Perform logic mapping, map PQ1 of Slot 1 into the logic system
:cfg-set-gutumap<sys1>:t1p1,1,pq1,0;
//Create VC12 services and complete east adding and east dropping of the
service
:cfg-create-vc12:sys1,t1p1,1,sys1,g1e1,1
:cfg-create-vc12:sys1,g1e1,1,sys1,t1p1,1
//Set the protocol type as a new one to support the 4-fiber ring
:apsc-set-protocol:new
//Configure the parameters related to the multiplex section controller
:apsc-set-para:sys1,0,4,5
//Check the configuration and make it effective
:cfg-checkout
After configuration, and in normal cases, the controller will enter the state of
ready to start and start in two minutes. The current switching state of the
controller can be queried through the following commands:
:apsc-get-state4f:sys1
With this command, the state in the east and west directions of the current
controller will be returned.

1.7 Fault Locating

When abnormal protection switching (such as abnormal state or abnormal
protection service) occurs in the 4-fiber multiplex section, there are two
important and effective methods to locate the faults, namely, the analysis
method of multiplex section protection switching event and cross page query
method.
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1.7.1 Analysis Method of Multiplex Section Protection Switching Event

I. Applicable occasions
Abnormal state of multiplex section protection switching, such as abnormal
protocol starting state, abnormal state after protection switching, etc.
Through analysis of the protection switching event, factors causing abnormal
protection switching state of the multiplex section can be located..

II. Switching event analysis

The protection switching event analysis of 4-fiber multiplex section is basically
the same as that of 2-fiber ring, but as the 4-fiber multiplex section ring has
more fibers than the 2-fiber ring, and the switching pages are increased, the
definitions of some events are different from those of the 2-fiber ring.
For detailed analysis of the protection switching event of a 4-fiber multiplex
section, refer to the article ANALYSIS OF THE PROTECTION SWITCHING
EVENT OF A 4-FIBER MULTIPLEX SECTION.

1.7.2 Cross Page Analysis

I. Applicable Occasions
The protection switching state of the multiplex section is normal, while the
service is abnormal.
After the service data configuration of the 4-fiber multiplex section ring is sent,
the SCC unit will generate 8 pages: normal page, feed-through page, westward
switching page, eastward switching page, westward segment switching page,
eastward segment switching page, westward segment release page and
eastward segment release page. The XC board will send different pages
according to the node states. Through switching event analysis, only whether
the switching pages are sent can be found out, while whether the pages are
sent correctly can not be judged. However, with switching page query, the
switching pages can be seen clearly, so that the faults can be located.
If both the protocol and the switching page are normal, it means there are
hardware faults in the equipment, and such faults should be eliminated first.

II. Used command

Two important PTP commands should be mastered.

Query the current page of the XC board

:ptp:bid,fa,4,10,1,0;
This command is used to query the current working page of the XC board. If
protection switching occurs, the queried result shows the cross page after
switching.

Query the protection relation of the bus

:ptp:bid,12,97,1;
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This command is used to query the mutual protection relations between the
buses after protection switching of the XC board.
For the use of the above commands and analysis of the queried results, refer
to the related information about board PTP commands, XC board bus and its
limitations, etc. No more description here.
The following shows the queried data results of 2500+ a 2-fiber multiplex
section protection switching ring in the normal state and the westward
switching state:

Normal page

ff ff ff ff 70 ff ff ff 71 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
14
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
60 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
1ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
61 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
04 08 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
cross connection
30 50 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
cross connection

//Incoming buses of Slots 1-4

//Incoming buses of Slots 11//Incoming bus of Slot 5
//Incoming bus of Slot 10
//Incoming bus of Slot 6
//Incoming bus of Slot 9
//Incoming bus of lower order
//Incoming bus of lower order

Pages after westward switching

:ptp:7,fa,4,10,1,0;
ff ff ff ff 70 ff ff ff 71 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
60 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff 61 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
04 08 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
30 38 ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
:ptp:7,12,97;
cmd 0: 07 12 97 01 10 b0 98 b1 99 b2 9a b3 9b b4 9c b5 9d b6
9e b7 9f 50 38 51 39 52 3a 53 3b 54 3c 55 3d 56 3e 57 3f
The bus protection data are divided into two groups, the red ones indicate the
bus numbers of the outgoing cross connection, while the blue ones indicate
those of the incoming cross connection. To distinguish the incoming and
outgoing buses, add 60 to the corresponding incoming bus numbers for all the
outgoing bus numbers. Each two numbers form a group, the bus indicated by
the latter number protects the bus indicated by the former number .The above
data can be translated as that 0x38 of the outgoing bus protects 0x50, 0x39
protects 0x51, and so on so forth, while 0x38 of the incoming bus protects
0x50, and so on so forth. This exactly reflects the protection relation of the
buses, that is, when westward (fiber cut of the optical board in Slot 9)
protection switching occurs, the eastward (Slot 10) line bus protects the
westward (Slot 9) line bus.

1.8 Appendix: 2500+ Backplane Bus Distribution Table

Slot
IU1
IU2
2005-03-01

Bus No.
#0c~0f
#08~0b
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Guide to OptiX 2500+Four-Fiber Multiplex Section Ring Deployment

IU3
IU4
IU5
IU6
IU7
IU8
IU9
IU10
IU11
IU12

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#04~07
#00~03(SQ1/SL4) #00~07(SD4) #00~0f(S16)
#20~2f
#40~4f
#50~5f
#30~3f
#10~13(SQ1/SL4) #10~17(SD4) #10~1f(S16)
#14~17
#18~1b
#1c~1f

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