KENNETH DeGHETTO® ‘hia Egos WILLIAM LONG Sevior Fetologis. Peres Pans ivisin, Fonte Wheeler Cnporation, tigen Dynamic Stability Design of Stacks ' and Towers A metho is outlined for determining the evtial sind elocity, 1 ‘approxinute axiom ainphicude of vibration of tal healer slacks wun process tower tcrused by'oovtes shedding ofthe wie. olds nuetbers above 10° is presented for application to largesdiuvicler sucks. ral frequents, on 1 plot ef Shisha munber for a rnge of Rey Cale lations for an existing stack are presented, and viethods of damping cibrations are dis cessed, Prasessis, the ops approach in designing tal Unites of heater ark and etinen-proee fosters te ane a sate presen in seeordance with te nts tee Corded wind vette ofthe yep lation ofthe strette fn to eavate the caresonding dection st thet and Bending strve nthe he ofthe stack, Conierason i slo svc (0 Ue poof ectesive dy ane Geet a ihr tion eeatiting fn Sorten sbudng that eat oven Wil ‘ebrilies well cl he wma recone wind. veloiy ten te presi wid ety ofS ge Ick of ifriatin it erent the desi asa wish igure dstanie sabi sine decinentaion i taorstore ecrch snd fell lveyettions of vibrating stacks eated by seth on ae othe ess ek 182M ane in ma nee since 1954; Tk tho preset ven ing theories of nn vePth seleeacted vibrations that ve tronnenteite preentedeemplcaions in areiving ta baie Gisign cone! The pups of this pref 0 cone reputed information an movement of opening orks with usmmany of bat testy and thoostiet eancets available i the iterate int ah nde desi bb Vhe ds procedre baits mith alla ti of the wine velo, termed the etal wind velo at ‘ich vin ion ofthe “imetune goa, Stroual_nimbers ising from. preity published. aboiator” tes and operating turks pine severe! previo “unpsblishet stack Mivaton can ate ploied foc determination of the crial sind velocity. Nest, sm-sypnonimation of oeerent ding Vibration is obtained tir wing an average it olism Teportelimaznfetian fattor fom uperting stacks JF the Caletated amplitnde of ibrtion ad bending seecn at te stack Sse exe alomate limite eer che geometey oF apport srangmeat is modi ora dampening doe sade to reduce the it fore. ‘Althongs she eporeach presevtd makes several sipliving sssutnption, that heen wed neces or several en inthe design of tal stacks and prove towers Sit) 4 reoc! of no DeGhotto is now vice-president of Poster Whealer Falana, Milan Tals ‘Contriaitad ty the Petroleum Division and presented at the Petroleum Meciseieal Fogineering Conference, Mouston. Tes Sentembar 19-22, 1005, f Tn Avionteas eoctery oF Aleci se Excesens, Manuscript reansel a¢ ASMTE Hendquasiens May 1965. Papes No 65 Peel faihune o¢ excesive amplitudes. Although the method ts primarily orientated to stacks supporter on spread feoting® ov Piled Tomsdations it ean he adapted (ostoeks epparted by steee focal stl You Karman Vortex Street for @ Stationary Cylinder At Reynolds numbers below’ about 5, «viscous fii Moxcing svound wsationary stack wil bei lsninar lowe with tie arene Tines joining downwind of the slick. As he stabs velovts inereases, two symourtsealedies are formed on either sie of the eslindst Shieh gros i sie and elongate with fucrensina Reswolde number Ata Reynolds somber between £0 ad 9H, one of vortiges becomes unbalaiced anid tears off the struetime and ito Ue fnidsireaaa [5, 10] The remaining vortex on the stavk, ieris in size, 3 a third vortex is crested to gypsie the Bs Whe the second vortex rips off Ube stark, it is ako replaced by fourth: and soa seguir pattern of allesnate growth, shel ding, aud replacement of yortices is established Hack disebanging vortes imparts a ietisting tatera force ths ‘cae movement of the mimbers of 150 to 00. « lantinar te turbulent-flow transition ovetes where each shedulieg vortex = ompured of tirbulent Aid (10), At still bigher Reynold numbers, the vortices diise downstream of the stock, and 5 fompletely tuebilent wake exists. A great deal of progress has been made ia deseribing the inechauics of vores seedding b presently a complete theory hie Bot bees etl In JULI. von Korman proved that a strent ol servating voetoe= leaving. eylinder wold not be stable les the ratio of the wi of Ue stest, hy to the distonew between adjacent vores, equaled DOSE, For nonvibrating eslinders er evlinders under going very small defections, the relationships indieated in Fig. 1 were delorrmined and ere sstimed {o be constant along the height ofthe stack. % Stroubal Number : Tn 1878, Stiouhal sbowed that the frequency of vortex sede was tat @ function of the inertia oF viseols properties of the Numbers in brackets designate References 3¢ end of paper. oinenclalure = dynamie amphitue, in A = width of vortex tet 5 = Strouhal constant a, = static amplitude, in. T= moment of inertia, 1 voloity of vortex in wake C4 = lie coaticeut 1m distance hetween vortices shed from Ve ~ evtical wind yelacity dd = stack or tosceronter diameter, fe B= modulus of ebstivigy al operating tem Jom natura froin of stack or towet same side of ne psi aveceration of gravity, 386 infect R = Reyantdan 462 / Novemser 1966 1 = eflective stack height = frequency of vortex shedding, eps om Po lateral prose, ps wher ture = wind velocity, raph = weight of stark per wnit of length total stack weight, tb sass density ofa, Ib set/ttt logarithmic decrement be Ses — Transactions of the ASME ose tioO em: aly late fron surreciing equine stl Ulis wenive ricki -2E sist be niles Uy iv eafeutating & Steal rwursber from the roputted lek! observations for the frst foe cases of Table 1, the following limitations sd simpliieations ply The evtieal velovties weve Fagor lal westher buceans. Athi corscetin of Ui velority to midstiek height was macle by the wne-seventh-powee bu, he Velocities Histed in (he table shoved be eonsiler oxi 2 ‘he csleulated foquencies listed in ‘Cable J aap dased sued at grade ur obtained ose cvnuiteverbeam frm asin empleo Filson the pat OF the sapport. eporiadfreqtencas of vibration. ely oss, Mea, ooay wires pproximaled eafeuoted nati fren fot or the fet fon vation eases yopovted in Pablo 2, sic tte seastrements ere hy frst eightingsin what was hough to be to divetion of maximum amphtwde.-Mearments wer © nol take nate diertions hat wore onl steve vo be nT oe Altuongh hese considerations fea fo anpnosimate anners * that cut be cane for eetion in more goons eee » | {spe shy, tho reecding and prospaation of those renal se is Conder important since ther sen about 10 perce der : tne in setter hese the proposed cure a ian tho woe i “esa ae tnirens points for these sth fo - Would be poted ont Ut these findings ane no sane . Z_ since hen Tate in 1994, indcated aya Ses nbs bes e rege hove 0% per oy ofthe wake vanishes nvogneral Gotsenee « Sane find that urge indetri stn vibrate at the eave Sosa freqventy ato Heynoids numbers igh a 73 10 = Forte Versus Set-Excted Vibration onus naa Tnvesig tins of dsr nck vibrations poe to 1959 were in. Veiaion of Shea rte ut Reynett number #2 baton the thera aed wii ha Bt a * Revels ww Polat presute due to vertecshaing ext ll sd velo tic bit tht vibration oeurs oly when fe Frequency of slsiing strgy bt wt elated to dhe seam velity and stack diameter, aPWOACES Whe natural frequency of the trl” Sinee 195, sire bs mest othe ican volo aa several invetigators It, 2,16) have posted tat face vib tion is 4 selfexctod phenomenon where ihe struct, oe excited to vibration, controls the Trontoncy of vortex sb (1) Resta wind elorty would not exit ince wibation continues through a wide range of wind weoctes. There swe idea Iasoratny teats have sown the theoretical value of the Stou tion tnt foread wbmations withthe Styoabl aber canton ‘al numer, 0.2 t he constant over large tangy of Resnals shedding, govern in the sabeiial ran uf Tsoi nsabes noiaber. A pot of Stouhal number verte Kesnolds number (below 10), and salesrited viinations sre in te supers is prewnted in Fig. 2 ‘esting by several investigators {7, 10, tanger While frther nour ts raqired to sireneite the 12,25] hos establbhed general agreument on the section of cho theoretical conc, the design prewertl in this paper i based Sroulal curve shown neu soli line in Pig. 2, below Meynolds gn owed Wibraton sine the recoded tacks of "ae 1 bated umes of 23 19% For 0 < R< 4G, the Strouhol number hnough avery norow rang of Wind velocities, \—nerases rapidly inthe transition range 150 -< Rc 200 feattering othe Strouhal qunbor overs Above the trnston ‘brat fans Ui Sirsa uobee temas almost cmtege at 0, VOR Karman Vote or a Vibrating Struct 1, WindLuinnel ces bane uated a frtherietease in Strouhol ‘The pravions dveussion of Strouhal nurer is applicable to mer stone a estos numberof abet 2 X 10% ‘Thvestiga. stationary stack or ane thats ebjec o ont sight amples of tow have hppottesed thay at Reynolds numbers above about vibration. Landweber (20) hypothesaed tha vonier bei 5% 10 the wortewshudding frequency becomes randoms the she he pia of rain ampli of ovina tack 1 eration point of the vovtes moves downwind cn the stack, will ineease the wicth of tho vortex sect. “Tent wide, ‘The rapid roe in Sirouhal number at higher Reynolds mumbersy increased by the mpiide, becomes +21. TF he von Karma sbove? % 10} hitnecol in wind sutel tsi has not been found theory of wortestreotnailty 4 be maintained, the distance to oceur in several reported vibration cases of eperating slacks, beteen vortices along the stret mist also inerase to 2ositain . Many of the ibrainstaek aves dncamented to Gate pos hove the etiout width of set to lengheqial to O28. The meee presented forth iat ine nts paper have vibrated at Svein in tance betwee shedding wories Towers the (regent of Ebr ence to 02 shedding: thus a tack vibrating ot oF a litle helow resonant "The doied Stoulal euve shove Reynolds numbees ef about freqienty wil be dampened heeane of the rection im f= otis a bes ft rare for ine porting Hel tacks opted maw queney of the Foring fanetion. Convery, itil wiatons of Tuc the tact ine ad thie stacks provctsy eseibed nthe cited stvk at a wind velit shy ihe than the vite! veoaty fcc he recorded wind. seloiyat- which vibetion willbe sstained or inrese Sreureyobvrved or eave stack eeqvency, avenge stack The inereae in cial wind elit de to widening af the iter chimete, av ealeslsted yuolds number forthe potted vortex siest an be shown to be approximately el te 3 ints in igs Save tabulated in ble. all cut, the most afd. Fortanately, this nereve npg fr sks amped Pronounee toovenent was eross flow. ‘The sticks were enwr~ to bevafe in neeordance with naibrating een Jonrnal of Engineering tor Industry novenser 1966 / 408 2 aaasitacte suunber a Rus) « Support t es 2a 28 Rar 2 5 fo Tas 7 Ss 3 s rs 2 Se ‘ moe 3 Sr 3 S613 wna Unknown eo wo 8 akwown — Unnown 78 Wo $2 0 Pied $9 = Sypparted on spread foting EWG = Hester Wheeide Corporati Lift Force {Substitution of the natu frequeney of the stack, ealeulated ns a completely fixed cantilever beam, and the slack outside diameter into equation (1) yields Ye wsiical wind veloeity which resonant vibration occurs. Extensive thearetiea, ‘nd Invoratory investigntons have eon applied to the deterninstion fof the naturo and niagnitide of the forcing function resulting from vortex shedding, bu, to date, developrient is nat complete, and estimates of the masaitude of the forcing faction mel dpe made on well scattered approsinations, Several investigators (, 7) ve suggested that the magnitude of the lateral forcing pressure is be P= Cp e Laboratory tests and field olecvatious have repotted (1-8, 7, 25), valles of ranging from 0.210 1.4. Several investizators have reported constant values ef Cy over a range of Iteynols numbers while others have found decreasing values of the hfe coolicient with increasing Reynolds sturabers, Until mote informatinn is available, 2 conservative value of {.0 has buen assumed for Cy, ‘whieh is higher thaw $ out of 12 published vatoes af Sample Stack Cateutalion ‘The following esiple caloutatisn is based on the actual op ing ‘stnek listed na stack No. 2 in Ywble 1, Stack No, 2 we analyze prior to ereetivn, and the predicted movement wna found so he in elove agrocsaent with the actual amplitude of vibration that occurred &iving operation. ‘The stack i 100 f high and consinteof Fite straight top section af pin. plate with 4167 in, OD and a lower 25-11 section that ares to 8 ft dia sk the base. ‘The wall thickness is ok:9 2 in, in the Bared section. ‘The stack has an operating teraporature of 500 F, is not lived, and is seit-supporting, (@) esive Levaih. To obtain the natural frequency of stack, with varying moment of inertia, either Ube Rayleigh foe- quency equation ¢an be nsed, ora similated stark whieh has an outside diameter erat to the top ssetion af stack No.2 but isof duced lenatl to peovide equivalent snes es be substitited in the frequeney equation for a uniform eantilover beatn, "Tbe ltter appraich consists uf uring the method of virtual work t0 integrate the deflection curve of the etal stack with fared base and equating the results to Uhe deflection Ferma for a uniform, stack of unknown length with 4 ft 7 Jn, OD, By wsing this method, the effective length for the simblated uniform stack is Sou to be approximately 87.5 fe, () Noturl Fregoancy. Assuuning the stack to be a completely fixed cantilever beam, the natural treqveney is Bulg)" re re (0315 Since the stack is operating at 500 F, the hot modulus of elasticity is used in computing the natura frequency. (2) Cetica! Wind Velociy. With a Stroubal number of 0.2, ‘eqiiatiow (3) give5 critical wind welasty of 484 / wovemser 196 a yet ASS 37.5 tps oF 25:5 mpl 02 ps oF 25.9 mpl (8) teteot Fores. Using a lift voolisent of 1.0 in equ the mesimuim magnitude of the forcing function is re 0.00 ¥ ras Pa cy iy = in x NS on (2), 7.5 ES ot pst (2) SioteDetecton. ‘The computed dynamic louding isapptiza fs aategtant presure to the stack, whic is assumed te repond {8 a eantilover beam, ‘The amplitude at the top uf she stack is catoaated by. Ata trtical wind velocity of 255 ph, ‘the stack vibrates at resonant Freqnenes, and fs ke amplitude of vibration is magnified gevatly. The dynamic coeiciot, hich isthe ratio of the dyusniie amplitude to statie amplitude, 5s ecal to fin fem Jom} tania resonance, the ratia of the feequaney of the stack to the forcing fonction (J/n) is one, and the dynamic eoefcient wecontes a ‘The term /A is the meanitication factor, and A isthe logarithe mie deocement, whieh isthe log of the ratio of successive ampli- Indes of « dainped, free-vibration curve, Tf damping were not preseat, A would he 2er0, and the dyuamie amplitide would Bocome infinite, The hysteresis of the seek stuck plate being stresed by vibration, the internal friction ita gunito or relator? lining exists, and the eonsoldation of the swppoeting earth with vibration sll provide dumping. Interaal stack linings and the hsorption of energy by the sipporting salare the major damping, factors, Several investigators have obtained laboratory and_ field rtasieements of the logarithmic decrement, 4, on snodel of fctial stacks by diplscing the top of the stack a set dislance tnd measuring auecesive amplitudes of vibration alter relexse Tn several of the Seld tests, damping was found to saceease almost linearly with amplitude, but, for simplification of ealeula~ tion, an averugo value of i gstumed in deterainin the dy namie movement, ‘The logarithmic deeremout for welded stool stacks has beon found [1 3, 28, 30] to vary approximately be- toveen 0.025 and 0.004. ‘The lower values are applicable to un: ‘ind stacks while the higher part of the range corresponds to lined stacks. Another approach to obtaining « valistic mgnification factor is to utilize the soil characteristics deterained by tests of several investigators (28, 29, 31], Absorptivn oulficionts hhave been determined by laboratory tests and eld experiments ith dynamie vibrators for a range of soil-partcle sizes and sol types. Some approximate values of the magnification factor Transactions of the ASMETete 2 Mognitestion fecors Snel Spread footings on Piled footing on ameduuia ett? foudations otto oll (wring and sprend Gearing, “between © “fontine an Wyelows, Usama sn 1500 7A) SOY ps) and rock Lined storks and vowere, 0 Untned towers © fo Uline stocks wo 0 ‘baci on the given logatithnvle docrensents and referenced absorp tion eocllicients ar sted iv Table 2. ‘These values wre yvesented ean approximate guide since only the actual site conditions ean sat a delinite valve Both the DEGEDO teste|29] aud experimentsby Teehebotariol [28] have shown the nataegl frequency of a wide range of sil types typieal of soils lit can he exported he snpporting stark fovidations, to be beween 12 10:20 eps. ‘The nataraltreieney of large stacks always will he well Belews this range, aod this the foil always will et to dampen vibrations; newer to be essed into reson vibration with the staek The stack in the snp elation was walined and supported on poorseil: time ite dynamic aanpliide ding vibration f 3D 3 O46 = 48 in, The msiniim bending stress aeeurs at the op of the five and, based on the dvvnmsie nveentent i 10,000 ps "This stress must be inereasod furtier owing to the local dis continuity. gectting st the eplindee-totare. jumetion, The ‘elveof the st terstication factor is fnetian of the ratio ‘of wll thickness of he flare to the eslinde, the eecentriity of the plate cetier lines athe junction, sn the slope af the Hee. “Theoretical work aint strain gaging un similar applications reste fu an intensiition felon of shout 1 (based on etal lol Uhikosses atthe top of fie ase and a very hallow fare), fiving @ maximum s11e-5 of 15,000 ps for stuck No. 2. The trduranoe Til for fatigue lauding of struetoral grade steol at 500 Fis approximately 27,000 psi anal abit 28,000 pei for the veld nuteria. ‘Ehus the stack is well below the endurance Tit ‘Aluhough a stack is ealetated not to be sibject to dywanic vibralion, good design practice requires thet all stacks have a singothly’ tapered transition weld the junction poiat of Daze to fylinder snd that, if different thicknesses net be weed, their ‘enter Lines eoincide at the weld jolt Critical Stacks Dimensions ‘An approsimate determination a¢ to whether a stack will be subject to wind-indired vibration and require further analysis fo that it will not suffer vibration. ean be obtained by extn ‘the natural frequency, equetion (3), to the frequency of vortex shedding, equation (1), and solving for entical velocity 93 3 fuunetion of the stack dimensions. Assuming © uniform stack is to be investigated, thew the mutual freeney is oly 5 ya f= 0315 28 = 12 x 100 F for a modulus of elastisity equal to 30% 10% psi i .@ = a x10 A plot of the ratio of sinek height to outer diameter versus critical wind velocity is given in Fig. 8. Curves of forcing func= tion and dynamic amplitude nko may be plotted against eriticst wind velocity i Fig. 3 so tat an iminediate indication is availa- Lle as to whother the resulting movement requites correction of the stack geometry, Correction Procedures If caleulations show that either excessive amplitudes of vibra- tion are to be expected oF that small but sustained vibrations may occur a8 & result ofa critical wind velocity equal to the pre Journal of Engineering for Industry Fig. 9 Roo of steck height fo ouside ameter ex function of wind velocity (VER) wailing velocity of the ares, several alternatives ate avatloble to Ue designer, Modifying the stack Jf rato isthe Get apponcl to be mute; but since this elange, in most instances, requires & substantial modification, adlitionsl stepe can he taken 39 00% Jpinction with an Ld change or thoy ent be implemented with the ame ratio of Ld. ‘These corrections nel 1 Adshtion ofan internal nite oF refractory lining 2 Viillzstion of beacing, ging, oF frictional dampers 3 Dynamic epoilers "The vddition of 2 gusite or eefractors lining acts in vo ways tac ent be approximated by ealealation; first, mass ie sdded to the ctack, thereby reducing he natural frequeney and ts the eritival wind velocity; sevond, althowgle refractory hing Jneresves the moment of ertis of Ube stack, which in turn i crseses the natural frequency Uhe one-balf pease, i propor tigiately reduces the dsnamniedefletion. The change in menient fof inertia ean only De expected to oceur fora thick lining that is forca to act integrally with the stack shell by wee of « bes ste for chainsdinks fencing support. ait the most significant co sideration, whieh is onl approsimately onalyzable, i that a thick refractory lining, because sf its hysteresis fect, grestly ineveases Gauaping For adjacent stacks, stacks clove to astructre, or small stacks, commections ean be made by bracing or guyiag. For adjsee stacks or stacks neat esietingsteutres, bracing eaa te by means fof trusses [23] or erossed pie. Tn gener the pacing busween adjacent stacks is normally expected to exoced one and & Isl iameters, which is the minimum ditanee cited hy Landvener [26] for ont-of-phase vibration due to wind normal to the line of stacks, and thus bracing can be expected to be effective, Cros bracing wil be of litle help for wind parallel to a line of stacks, particularly ifthe spacing between stacks i greater then (0 oF nee diameces ‘Tho stack presented in the sample ealeulation,althoush lightly stressed And Subject onl to minor movement, was silvaled in & process area and ereated a nviinee value that required corte tion. Te was decided to 2dd spoilers in accordance with designs tested at NPL (8, 16, 19]. ‘Three steakes, # in. thick by 6 in ‘wido and equally Spaced at 120 deg on the stack circumference, wore wrapped from the top of the stack in a helical pattern on quarter of the way down. ‘he helieal pitel ws approximately 11 mos the stack diameter. After installation of the spoilers, vibration vas no longer noticeable st either the critical wind Velocity oF any other wind velocity Tosearch has been pesformed on obtaining the best eontix tion of spoilers, such as fins (8, 16, 19}, tubular windiogs 17, perforated shrouds (2, and splitier plates [11}, and itis hoped that further information on stecessul felt applieetions will be published. november 1966 / M5Future Werk The phvswanennn af Yoxtes shedding, partes at higher ‘esl etn and ii hopes Deal the ewaoel pexTurtnl tate wil he ealed a ineretod ins Me tute, Mane accurate Strohl naib, Hi cutitety sinh highs Kevushls sin es my inferno ransi hy svpplemeuted y= completa estegve uf recanted stack viluations References 1M. 8 Osker and J. 0. Sigh, “Haars Dalteeve susie Dagon nf Tall Starke Luytet to Notion at Wate ARES sue 8h tsa Be aiee, "Sugyesion ot She KigidAndueed Viheation of router Celinders Prot of ASCE, wel 2, ENS, Pace Nex Fag, ast We, Dickey asst Biaehs," Prcrdinge of ASCH, co. $0. 1UD4, y B, “py Serpuayie aul C.J Catnnts "Vortee Farantion ane Yee stance in stole Phe Jounal 9f Appin Mockonie, ve rane ASME ole $5, Senes ER. yp 40- BAW. Amit “A ttview on Vortex Style, Pasotie Wats, gpd Toor Cabeaion, Venom!" donrnal of Haste Bngineeng Paast ABNIT Sonex Dy ale sy 1G py ISSA Resume sninlees, fe Hote snide ow rita Vasa te Dye Pease B. Woodat, “The Vibra of Stel Bia! Penden, “Whaebntnesd Vabition af Cebodea Soe use." Poactinh of ASUE, Vol 83, TAT 1 Pape Sov Dts foamy 1087, FAW Avexsee,“Wind-tadgoed Vieatiaos iy Antrana Members ‘Conuoucionsaf SCH: ve 120 Set 1 198% BG Seon ani. Walshos “A Megs for Aye Exot) Osrilstions of Sianetanas Wale Corea S Growetioaion™ NPL! Nernst, Delon, 1 Cerna, By shea ad Le Wy Invest 0 Rookie Vertes Sires 5 iting Wi ‘a Cuealae rey Staak uf he Bugle eeeting “Fhe Aesud nine “Ga the Development uf Turbulent Wikes Fron Reevect tate. TN Moshi On te Dias aad Shain Preqmencs of Toe Diewaugnal yh Wowie” NACA Tochiieal Note BUUD dul. 100 PEN, Delany hd X Ssneae “Sen speed Di of Cslinde of as Soe, 108 ‘Win Tnreat on Stews ina of ASCH, Woh. Sh ST 3, ous Sic” NACA Tera 5 GoM Gnonta nal Berk I Ceara” 0 1, 1088. 1 Subjert ta Gallatin, "Vig ones on Stevetarans, Stnarhares roceings 1 A808, vol 84, ST, Paper A Lewes, "Drag Seenanenont Chery ef irglar Cylinder Fated Wien P NPM evn ast. fa 185 ste aid) Masheey, “Funtbat Eaparioneans 90 the nes lor Aily Wiubseited Ossiltigus teustiyes Wily Ciealae ye Sear Chgulay Crone Sein,” NPL/ Acro/tst, July. 1959, TEA iontko, "On the Wake and Drag of Bluff Baten! pose sartad il the Aotalswsnvies Sesion, Twenty Second Annual Niet, TAS New York, Ny dnuney. Ot N85. Sinith and Jot, MeCaures, "Wind Verous Tal Stacks Mechanical Reinet. Ol BF, Dunst 1965, pp. 3 19". Servton, “Note ans Late fur The Suppeeasion of the Yontexstseied Osalintums of Tiesble Strechures 98 Crear ae Newetieasise etion, With Spoil Revoreuce to Tes Applistinn Tall stacks,” NPL/Aen/ UH Hon UH D0 Tone, "On the Rie a lin to Phi Ms Seen, eh 9-0 pp. LE BI RC. Bald "Wad Induced Vibration of Vipe-Live Susp son Beige, and Its Cures" Tmysi, ASME ysch 74, 1998 pp THES BL S.W Syn ovnogs. Mechanea! Viintane, fourth sion MeGraw-lli Mook, Cope, ine, Now Yeak, Me Yo 1056 8B. A. Duckstalen, Ne Swigat, amd Ey Seeland, “Itesonant Witnation ‘of Stel Sack” Tronantions ef ASCH, vol. X23y 183, High Revvuide Hehe State om,” American “Foca and Vacced WSations ofa Leng Noneeeular yhindical Sell PUAN, Report No, 361, Saptersie, 9. BSL. Yass and L-. Simmons, "Pronusaey of Edie Ganeraced bby Motion of # Geiser Vinovgh Fis,” Belly ARC, Te AE fiz, 1028 ‘3h Le Jaandwober, “Plow About a Tale of Adiaceas, Poet Cylinders Sra to the Storm,” DINE fepore 483.1982 27 W.W. Foyon, "What Aeeodynniny Can Teach the Civil Yonehnge>” Bilis Record, wal 112, 102% pp. SAB 28 GV. Yarvchetasingh Sol! Morasice, Pounations nid Hath Structures, Meiruw Mill Rola Conan. dnb Nem Veee Ned 19 29 A. Major, Vibration Anaysie ant Sogn of Poindatins for Markined ond Turbines, Cale, Londen, 1962, ME f november 1966 ABE / woveneen 1966 HJ, Swit aud 4.4L Mean acta Win! seta,” ASME syeure 8) 3 Dy, Baskin, Dyas of Haws aed Poundaton,Y ill Yeoke Comin, Die New Vath See 8 DIScUsstoy Roiert 8. Weaniak® TF eawe rene with iotetest he fore Over Dr yes four yours, ane of ray cansinning projerts ge bow the dew g iment af a dynamic analyvis foe Shute eintilever snistins Livave found, a8 Mesers, DoGhetto weal Vasyg hive, Unt UO ‘ost important factors naanely, Ce aivl A, axe bg onknost i Moe design, In Lael, appears tal we vlfer bya ftir ef Sea daar ehieen C, values. Wealsn differ hy a Fuetor of Si dass g factons wie being, apprasiaitely W/¢ Shee value, Nowees we both come up with the wane antners the method is prybsat™ Fo too important, L woul Hike 40 pout outs Mri, ss bs assuming @ magnification af 3 ip. Uusir exraple proley, the auth say, in effect “Pease sing paper a= Z = 0105 30 which #8 a contradiction t4 ¢he.stabenveut That the logarithasis dersement varies between 0,025 and 068 winh wnined stacke ‘bring on the lower nd. Vhave developed « eomputer progeans which ill snake cearplete stave in 15, seconds, Mowever, outer to athe methods whieh “gars” at the logurithonie decrements mi peo Bram numerical iaiogeates entra abeorbed by the stack, lin and foundation and equates i to the input energy couse resonance, The rosment detection Bu Boast Yo = Daympiog constants for stecl. lining, sv foundation wore de veloped from keown slnek behavior and age gsoineay coim paved for each stack, Tables 3, 4, and 8 ace clue cuarpines $rintonts forthe essample prablems in the fursxoing pane. ‘Yara ean ee shat the prograns describes the ysined stuck que swull The poviod fe sanesehnt shorter thu absorve, ad Fel fates that thera is saute working of The loudation. ‘The gunite Ting has @ marked inflyruce om yesumant Jehection, A key to ‘the eonspuler printout follows K © panel paints fs winseriea intégration Lat base VIR] = Shear at panel print due to restore MIA] = moment at panel poincdue to rename RIK} = olive at panel point Gnpat) BLA} = shel thickness (input) TLR) = lining thickness (input) HAR) = ganal point spacing input) PAK] = coueontcased masses at patel points (Input) U = Poision'aratio Eg = modulus of steel (hot medsue wed) By = liningmodatus Wy = steel weight #/14/in- We = Vining weight 2/C/in = stark dismster causing resonance A = pone prints ‘Of interest Lo me, in additimn to knowing the wsenant wulne- ‘gy and Sufceion, 1 when to eonsider the evita) wind velort meaningful. Obsioushy, 4 100 mph Feige eneans nothing sce it will mevee qaour: Hens high shout Vata be before nothin need be done about. i? ‘Che sothors terminate Fig. Ba 35 ap. Flawever, Table 1 jelieates veoublo. at 4 mph on Stack Would Ure authors please commentan thi? "Desian Ragineoe, Chisuro Bridge fe Yrom Company, Oak Bik, 1m Transactiews af the ASAEt Table 3. Pedosts!srat and slack dynoinic rexponee progcem. 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RIES) 8k 9 388 : ‘ adele datacin = BOLL 1 ooisar Enguivnlont damping factor Resonant wind velo mph Regnalds Number = ssi, Sha aarceant Lines constant (Diseussian canted on next page Journal of Engineering for Industry movenser 19660 457 er REN ET Iina ntl Bo SETIORS HE An are: ND seG8 ony fF 99 es and nah stack dynomite fesponas priests is. uv Bs By Ws We, 9.20 2ranioay cine aS 10.6 ysamie propertios For aptitude = 1.180 i K Vein, FLL RIK) fe PSL) 10.000 3 4.0) 1.38 2 boom Pst o a wor 08 5 ° i 6. 7 6 8 . 0 Bsa 2 0 "0 5 sonar OF 2 ° 0.250891 23 4 rey Cayo 2 4 irs 23 6 ut 2 i 15 2 4 16 2 6 uv 2 8. 18 a “ 19 OLR a 2 ° 2 Peseta 2 6 2 1 aon 00 2 4 2 OcvonoN Ww —B.ogdonDE ONO. ° Latical Interal defertion = 1.008 i. Equivalent damping incre = O02132 Atecavant wind velerity = Rn fevnolds Numibez sasss. Shall eonstane ozs ‘Linge constant wie Ung, deRerton + 1.180 i ri © x 5s Tuk) MUN ce 5.0 3.00 50. 3.00 S00 Sin, Son 5.10 So 3.10 5. wo 5.00 on 5:00 oo 5.00 % 3.00 oo 5.00 0 fio a og o Ceordenagae dos Programas Pée Graduades de Engenharia da Univ Fedgral do Rio de Jansiro, M08 / novemser 1966 ‘Transactions of the ASTAE Period 2 0796 0, PUR) ty sania oa nou Hone: octni O Suan er ‘-ononant) trans Sve ‘A Soro: wa st 5 ouppont Sc 8 DB:anaono8 io ‘0000008 0 Donon {1 0uno on BIH