Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Maestra en Ciencias:
Productos Naturales y Alimentos
1ra Parte
cidos y bases
cidos y bases orgnicas; pKa y pH
El efecto de la estructura en el pKa
El efecto del pH en la estructura de un
compuesto orgnico
cidos y bases de Lewis
An Acid/Base Equilibrium
H2O + HA
H3O+ + A-
[H3O+][A-]
Ka =
[H2O][HA]
pKa = -log Ka
pKa < 1
pKa = 1 5
weak acids
pKa = 5 15
pKa > 15
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Una mezcla de un
cido dbil-cido
fuerte
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R=
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Soluciones reguladoras
The pH of pure water undergoes very large changes in pH when a small amount
of either an acid or a base is added. Water has no buffering ability. In contrast,
the corresponding pH changes in a buffer solution that is 1.00 M in CH3COOH
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and 1.00 M in CH3COONa are almost imperceptible.
pK a
HA
pH log
Soluciones reguladoras
Ka =
[H3O+][C2H3O2-]
= 1.8 x 10-5
[C2H3O2H]
[H3O+] = Ka x
[C2H3O2H]
= 1.8 x 10-5 M
[C2H3O2-]
pH = ?
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[H3O+] = Ka x
[C2H3O2H]
[C2H3O2-]
= 1.8 x 10-5 M
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COOH
COOH
COOH
COOH
COOH
NO2
NO2
OCH3
p-methoxy benzoic acid
pKa = 4.46
pKa = 4.19
m-nitro
pKa = 3.47
NO2
p-nitro
pKa = 3.41
o-nitro
pKa = 2.16
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Un cido carbxlico y
una amina a un pH de 2
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a. At what pH will 99% of a compound with a pKa of 8.4 be in its basic form?
b. At what pH will 91% of a compound with a pKa of 3.7 be in its acidic form?
c. At what pH will 9% of a compound with a pKa of 5.9 be in its basic form?
d. At what pH will 50% of a compound with a pKa of 7.3 be in its basic form?
e. At what pH will 1% of a compound with a pKa of 7.3 be in its acidic form?
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