TECHNO NJR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. ( Sem. VII) ( Mid Term I) Examination, 2016

Electrical Engg.
7EE6.3A ECONOMIC OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEMS
Time : 2 Hours]

[Total Marks : 48

Attempt any three questions , selecting one question from each unit. All questions
carry equal marks. Schematic diagrams must be shown wherever necessary. Any
data you feel missing suitably be assumed and stated clearly.
Units of quantities used / calculated must be stated clearly.
UNIT I
1. (a) Explain the cost analysis of a power plant? How is cost classified in a
power plant?
(b) A generating station has a max demand of 30 MW, a load factor of 0.6, a
plant capacity of 0.48, and a plant use factor of 0.8. Find:
(i) the daily energy produced.
(ii) The reserve capacity of the plant?
(iii). The max energy that could be produced daily if it runs fully loaded?
OR
1. (a) Explain the significance of load factor and diversity factor? Explain the
load sharing between peak load and base load plants using cost equations?
(b) What is depreciation? Explain the diminishing balance method and
compare it with the straight line method? Enumerate the advantages and
disadvantages?
UNIT II
2. (a) Draw input output, heat- rate and incremental rate curves of thermal
generating units?
(b) The fuel inputs per hour of plants 1 and 2 are given as

Determine the economic operating schedule and the corresponding cost of

generation if the maximum and minimum loading on each unit is 100 MW

and 25 MW, the demand is 180 MW, and transmission losses are neglected.
If the load is equally shared by both the units, determine the saving obtained
by loading the units as per equal incremental production cost.
OR
1. (a) A two-bus system is shown in Fig.. If a load of 125 MW is
transmitted from plant 1 to the load, a loss of 15.625 MW is incurred.
Determine the generation schedule and the load demand if the cost of
received power is Rs. 24/MWhr. Solve the problem using coordination
equations and the penalty factor method approach. The incremental
production costs of the plants are

(b) Determine the incremental cost of received power and the penalty factor
of the plant shown in Fig. below if the incremental cost of production is

UNIT III
2. Three power plants of total capacity 425 MW are scheduled for
operation to supply total system load of 300 MW. Find the optimum load

scheduling if the plants have the following incremental cost

characteristics and the generator constraints.
d F1
=30+ 0.15 PG 25 PG 125
d PG
1

d F2
=40+0.20 PG 30 PG 100
d PG
2

d F3
=15+ 0.18 PG 50 P G 200
d PG
3

where

d Fi
d PG

is in Rs/MWh for i = 1,2,3

OR

3. Two power plants are connected together by a transmission line and load
is at power plant 2. When 100 MW are transmitted from plant 1, the
transmission loss is 10 MW. The incremental fuel cost characteristics of
plants 1 and 2 are given by

d F1
=0.1 PG +13 Rs/ MWh
d PG
1

d F2
=0.12 PG +12 Rs / MWh
d PG
2

Find the required generation for each plants for =22,25,30.

TECHNO NJR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. ( Sem. VII) ( Mid Term II) Examination, 2016
Electrical Engg.
7EE6.3A ECONOMIC OPERATION OF POWER SYSTEMS
Time : 1.5 Hours]

[Total Marks : 32

Attempt any two questions , selecting one question from each unit. All questions
carry equal marks. Schematic diagrams must be shown wherever necessary. Any
data you feel missing suitably be assumed and stated clearly.
Units of quantities used / calculated must be stated clearly.
UNIT IV
4 (a) Derive the expression for synchronizing current of alternators? Also
derive expressions for synchronizing powers and torque? Explain the effect
of Increasing the excitation of one of the alternators?
(b) A 2000kVA, 3-Phase , 8- Pole alternator runs at 750 rpm in parallel with
other machines on 6000 V bus bars. Find synchronizing power on full load
0.8pf lagging per mechanical degree of displacement and the corresponding
synchronizing torque. The synchronous reactance is 6 per phase.
OR
4 (a) Explain parallel operation of alternators in detail? Explain the effect of
reactance on parallel connected alternators?
(b) write short notes on :
(i) Interconnected system
(ii) Synchronous machine on infinite bus bar
UNIT V
5 (a) Explain financial efficiencies of electrical goods and services ?
(b) Describe break even cost analysis?
OR
5 (a) Describe supply and demand?
(b) Write short notes on Linear and nonlinear minimum cost analysis?