Internal Combustion Engine

Professional Requirements for CM3
REVIEWER FOR
CONSTRUCTION MECHANIC THIRD CLASS (CM3)
Reference: Construction Mechanic 3 & 2
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
Combustion is the act or process of burning. An external or internal combustion engine is defined
simply as a machine that converts heat energy into mechanical energy. In the internal combustion engine,
combustion takes place inside the cylinder and is directly responsible for forcing the piston to move down.
With an external combustion engine, such as a steam engine, combustion takes place outside the engine.
The external combustion engine requires a boiler to which heat is applied. This combustion causes water to
boil to produce steam. The steam passes into the cylinder under pressure and forces the piston to move
downward.
The transformation of heat energy to mechanical energy by the engine is based on the fundamental
law of physics which states that gas expands when heated. The law also states that when gas is
compressed, the temperature of the gas increases. If the gas is confined with no outlet for expansion, then
the pressure of the gas increases when heat is applied. In the internal combustion engine, the burning of
fuel within an enclosed cylinder results in an expansion of gases. This expansion creates pressure on top of
the piston, causing it to move downward. In an internal combustion engine, the piston moves up and down
within the cylinder. The relationship between volume, pressure, and temperature within a cylinder of the
engines is explained in the chart below.
1. The piston moves upward, compressing the air in the cylinder.

2. As volume decreases, pressure increases, and temperature rises. These changing condition
continue, as the piston moves upward.
3. As the piston nears TDC, volume is still decreasing. Because of compression within the
cylinder, both pressure and temperature of the air are now greater than at the beginning.
This up and down motion is known as Reciprocating motion. This motion (straight line motion)
must be changed into Rotary motion (turning motion) to turn the wheels of a vehicle. A crankshaft and a
connecting rod change their reciprocating motion to rotary motion.
All internal combustion engines, whether gasoline or diesel are basically the same. We can best
demonstrate this by saying they all rely on three things – Fuel, Air, and Ignition.
Fuel contains potential energy for operating the engine; Air contains the oxygen necessary for
combustion; and Ignition starts combustion. Each one is fundamental, and an engine cannot operate
without them.
Development of Power
The power of an internal combustion engine comes from burning a mixture of fuel and air in a
small, enclosed space. When this mixture burns, it expands greatly, and the push or pressure created is
used to move the piston, thereby rotating the crankshaft.
One-cylinder engine consists of four basic parts: CYLINDER that is closed at one end; this
cylinder is similar to a tall metal can that is stationary within the engine block. Inside the cylinder is the
PISTON, a movable plug. It fits snugly into the cylinder but can still slide up and down easily. This piston
movement is caused by fuel burning in the cylinder and results in production of reciprocating motion. The
others are the CONNECTING ROD and CRANKSHAFT. It provides one power impulse every two
crankshaft’s revolutions in a 4-stroke cycle engine and is delivering power only ¼ of the time.
FOUR-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE
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Each movement of the piston from top to bottom or from bottom to top is called a stroke. The
piston takes two strokes (an up stroke and down stroke), as the crankshaft makes one complete revolution.
The position of the piston at the instant its motion changes from down to up is known as bottom dead
center (BDC) and from up to down is known as top dead center (TDC). The term dead indicates where one
motion has stopped (the piston has reached the end of the stroke) and its opposite turning motion is ready
to start. These positions are called rock positions.
Intake Stroke
The first stroke in the sequence is called the Intake stroke. During this stroke, the piston is moving
downward and the intake valve is open. This downward movement of the piston produces a partial vacuum
in the cylinder, and the air-fuel mixture rushes into the cylinder past the open intake valve.
Compression Stroke
When the piston reaches bottom dead center at the end of the intake stroke and is therefore at the
bottom of the cylinder, the intake valve closes. This seals the upper end of the cylinder. As the crankshaft
continues to rotate, it pushes up through the connecting rod on the piston. The piston is therefore pushed
upward and compresses the combustible mixture in the cylinder; this is called compression stroke. In
gasoline engines, the mixture is compressed to about one eight of its original volume; this is called 8 to 1
compression ratio.
Power Stroke
As the piston reaches top dead center at the end of the compression stroke and therefore has moved
to the top of the cylinder, the compressed air-fuel mixture is ignited. The ignition causes an electric spark
to occur suddenly in the cylinder, and the spark ignites the air-fuel mixture. In burning, the mixture gets
very hot and tries to expand in all directions. The pressure rises between 600 to 700 pound per square inch.
Exhaust Stroke
After the air-fuel mixture has burned, it must be cleared from the cylinder. This is done by opening
the exhaust valve just as the power stroke is finished, and the piston starts back up on the Exhaust stroke.
The piston forces the burned gases out of the cylinder past the open exhaust valve.
TWO-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE
In the 2-stroke cycle engine, the same four events (intake, compression, power, and exhaust) take
place in only two strokes of the piston and one complete revolution of the crankshaft. The two piston
strokes are the compression stroke (upward stroke of the piston) and power stroke (the downward stroke of
the piston). It appears that the 2-stroke cycle engine can produce twice as much power as the 4-stroke cycle
engine of the same size, operating at the same speed, however, this power increase is limited to
approximately 70 to 80 percent because some of the power is used to drive a blower that forces the air
charge into the cylinder under pressure. Also, the burn gases are not completely cleared from the cylinder,
reducing combustion efficiency. Additionally, because of the much shorter period the intake port is open
(compared to the period the intake valve in a 4-stroke cycle engine is open), a relatively smaller amount of
air admitted. Hence, the less air, less power per stroke in produced in a 2-stroke cycle engine.
CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINES
Engines for automotive and construction equipment may be classified in a number of ways: type of
fuel used, type of cooling used, or valve and cylinder arrangement. They all operate on the internal
combustion principle. The most common method of classification is by the type of fuel used; that is,
whether the engine burns gasoline or diesel fuel.
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Engine Comparison
Mechanically and in overall appearance, gasoline and diesel engines resemble one another;
however, in the diesel engine, many parts are somewhat heavier and stronger, so they can withstand higher
temperatures and pressures that the engine generates. The engines differ also in the type of fuel used and
how the air-fuel are mixed together in a carburetor or fuel injection system. A diesel engine has no
carburetor. Air alone enters the cylinder where it is compressed and reaches a high temperature due to
compression.
MULTI-CYLINDER ENGINES
To provide for a more continuous flow of power, modern engines use four, six, eight, or more
cylinders.
In 4-stroke cycle, six-cylinder engine, the throw on the crankshaft are set 120 degrees apart, the
throw for cylinders 1 & 6, 2 & 5, 3 & 4 being in line with each other. The cylinders fire or deliver power
strokes in the following order: 1-5-3-6-2-4. The power strokes follow each other so closely that there is a
fairly continuous and even delivery of power to the crankshaft. Even so, additional leveling off of the
power impulses is desirable, so the engine runs more smoothly. A flywheel is used to achieve this result.
ARRANGEMENT OF CYLINDERS
Engines are classified according to the arrangement of the cylinders: IN-LINE with all cylinders
cast in a straight lie above the crankshaft; V-TYPE with two banks of cylinders mounted in a V-shape
above the crankshaft; HORIZONTAL OPPOSED with cylinders arranged 180 degrees from other with
opposing cylinders sharing a common crankshaft journal; and RADIAL with the cylinders placed in a
circle around the crankshaft
The firing order (which is different from the numbering order) of the cylinders of most engines is
stamped on the cylinder block or on the manufacturer’s nameplate. If you are unable to locate the firing
order and no operation or instruction manual is available, turn the engine over the crankshaft and watch the
order in which the intake valves open.
ARRANGEMENT OF VALVES
The majority of the internal combustion engines are classified according to the position and
arrangement of the intake and exhaust valves, whereby the valves are located in the cylinder head or
cylinder block.
L-HEAD arrangement, the intake and the exhaust valves are both located on the same side
of the piston and cylinder. The valve operating mechanism is located directly below the valves, and one
camshaft actuates both the intake and the exhaust valves.
I-HEAD arrangement, the intake and the exhaust valves are both mounted in a cylinder
head directly above the cylinder. This arrangement requires a tappet, a pushrod, and a rocker arm above the
cylinder to reverse the direction of valve movement. Although this configuration is the most popular for
current gasoline and diesel engines, it is rapidly being superseded by the overhead camshaft.
F-HEAD arrangement, the intake valves are normally located in the head, while the
exhaust valves are located in the engine block. The intake valves in the head are actuated from the
camshaft through tappets, pushrods, and rocker arms. The exhaust valves are actuated directly by tappets
on the camshaft.
T-HEAD arrangement, the intake and the exhaust valves are located on opposite sides of
the cylinder in the engine block, each requires their own camshaft.
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SINGLE OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT. The camshaft is located in the cylinder head. The
intake and the exhaust valves are both operated from a common camshaft. The valve train may be arranged
to operate directly through the lifters. This configuration becomes popular for passenger car gasoline
engines.
DOUBLE OVERHEAD CAMSHAFT. Each of the intake and the exhaust valves operates
from separate camshaft directly through the lifters. It provides excellent engine performance and is used in
more expensive automobile applications.
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
A. TRUE OR FALSE:
1. The internal combustion engine takes place inside the cylinder and it is directly responsible for
forcing the piston to move up. F
2. An internal or external combustion engine is a machine that converts this heat energy to mechanical
energy. T
3. The steam passes into the engine cylinder under pressure and forces the piston to move downward. T
4. The up and down motions of a piston in internal combustion engine is known as the rotary motion.
(F)
5. Air contains potential energy for operating the engine. F
6. Fuel contains potential energy for operating the engine. T
7. All internal combustion engines whether gasoline or diesel is basically the same. T
8. The movement of the piston is caused by the burning fuel in the cylinder which resulted to the
production rotary motion. F
9. The lower end of the connecting rod is attached to the cylinder. F
10. Each movement of the piston from top to bottom or from bottom to top is called a stroke. T
11. The piston takes two strokes, upstroke and down stroke as the crankshaft makes one complete
revolution. T
12. The intake stroke the piston is moving downward and the intake valve is open. T
13. The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft through timing gears or by means of a timing mark. F
14. The action of a 4-stroke cycle engine maybe divided into two parts intake or exhaust stroke only. F
15. The piston reaches bottom dead center at the end of the intake stroke the bottom of the cylinder the
intake valve closes. T
16. The piston pushed upward and compresses the combustible mixture in the cylinder is called power
stroke. F
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17. The piston forces the burned gases of the cylinder open intake valve. F
18. In 4-stroke cycle engine it takes four complete strokes of the piston to complete one engine cycle. T
19. In 2-stroke cycle diesel engine each time the piston moves down it is on the power stroke. T
20. The cylinder nearest the front of an inline engine is cylinder number 4. F
21. The valve operating mechanism is located directly below the camshaft. F
22. Both valves of the L-head engines are placed in the block on the same side of the cylinder. T
23. The energy is the rate at which work is done. F
24. Power is the ability to do work. F
25. Horsepower is the power of a horse or a measure of the rate at which a horse can do work. T
26. Friction is the resistance to motion between two objects in contact with each other. T
27. The mechanical efficiency is the relationship between brake horsepower and thermal efficiency. F
28. Bore is the inside diameter of the engine block. F
29. Stroke is the distance between top dead center (TDC) and bottom dead center (BDC). T
30. The compression ratio of an engine is a measurement of how much the air fuel charge is compressed
in the engine cylinder. T
31. Valve timing must be opened and closed at the proper time with regards to piston position. F
32. Ignition timing refers to exact time in the engine cycle at which the valves trap the mixture and gases
to escape. F
33. The stationary parts of an engine include the cylinder block, cylinder head, crankcase and exhaust
and intake manifold. T
34. The cylinder head provides the combustion chamber for the engine cylinders. T
35. The crankcase is that part of the engine block below the crankshaft. F
36. The lower part of the crankcase is the oil filter, which is bolted at the bottom. F
37. The intake manifold on a gasoline engine carries the fuel-air mixture from carburetor and distributes
to the cylinders. T
38. The cylinder head gasket is placed between the cylinder head and engine block to maintain a coolant
tight seal. T
39. The oil pan gasket is generally made from asbestos formed to desired shape. F
40. Seals or o-rings are used to seal the clearances between the moving and stationary parts of the inside
of the engine. F
41. The pistons are made of grey cast iron or of the aluminum alloy. T
42. The piston is attached to the connecting rod by means of the piston pin (wrist pin). T
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43. The precision type bearing is usually fastened to or die-cast with the rod and cap. F
44. The V-type engines usually have one connecting rods fastened side by side on two-crankshaft throw.
F
45. The flywheel is mounted at the rear of the crankshaft near the rear main bearing. T
46. The camshaft is enclosed in the engine block. T
47. Camshaft followers are the parts of the valve-actuating mechanism that contact the crankshaft. F
48. The intake valves are ordinarily made of aluminum alloy. F
49. Knurling is a special tool by inserting in the worn guide attached to an electric drill. T
50. Timing gears keep the crankshaft and camshaft turning in proper relation to one another. T
51. The fuel system supplies a combustible mixture of gasoline and air to the engine block. F
52. The fuel tank is generally mounted at the rear of the engine. F
53. Fuel gage is a signaling system, which indicates the amount of fuel in the tank. T
54. An electrical fuel gage normally operates only when the ignition switch is turned on. T
55. The fuel pump must deliver enough fuel to supply to the fuel filter. F
56. The vacuum gage is normally used to check the input of the fuel pump. F
57. The non-positive diaphragm pump is the one usually found in the gasoline engine. T
58. Fuel lines connecting of the fuel system are usually made of copper tubing. T
59. Fuel lines are placed near from exhaust pipes mufflers and manifolds. F
60. Air is composed of various gases mostly liquid and molecules. F
61. Gasoline is a mixture of several components with varying degrees of volatility. T
62. Atomization means breaking a liquid into very tiny particles or globules. T
63. Throttle is a device in carburetor that used to vary the amount of fuel-air mixture that enters the
exhaust manifold. F
64. The throttle valve is connected by linkage to the control of the driver. F
65. The float circuit maintains the fuel level in the carburetor bowl at a constant during engine operation.
T
66. The circuits that take care of fuel delivery during closed throttle are called idle and low-speed
circuits. T
67. Power jet provides the additional fuel necessary for maximum power at wide closed throttle. F
68. The accelerating pump circuit controls a small amount of fuel that is momentarily discharged into air
stream when the throttle is closed quickly. F
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69. When the throttle is open the pump plunger moves downward in its cylinder. T
70. Air cleaner is placed at air entrance of the carburetor to remove dust and the air before it enters the
carburetor. T
71. The diesel engine uses a carburetor because the diesel fuel is mixed in the engine cylinder
compressed air. F
72. Power is obtained by the burning or combustion of fuel within the engine block. F
73. The diesel fuel is injected into cylinder by a fuel injection system usually consists of pump and
injector or nozzle. T
74. The volatility of a diesel fuel is measured by the 90% distillation temperature. T
75. The speed and power output of an engine is determined by the combustion process in the injection
pump. F
76. In diesel engines, governors are connected in the linkage between the nozzle and injector. F
77. The water pump is the heart of the thermostat. F
78. Most diesel engines have two filters in fuel supply system the primary and secondary filter between
the fuel supply pump and the injection pump. T
79. The variable speed mechanical governor is the one commonly used on construction equipment. T
80. The gear pump is the heart of the lubricating system. F
81. The inner rotor is off-center from the outer rotor. T
82. The oil pressure gage is mounted on the instrument panel of the vehicle. T
83. The property or condition of space around a magnet is called magnetic lines. F
84. The capacity of a battery is measured in voltage. F
85. The rotor consists of a wire wound into a coil placed over an iron core. T
86. A starting motor changes electrical energy into mechanical energy. T
87. The dyer drive is one device that accomplishes meshing and de-meshing of the drive pinion with the
flywheel. F
88. The starter is frequently used in the control circuit to supply current to the solenoid coils. F
89. The ignition coil is made of a soft iron core surrounded by two coils of wire. T
90. The condenser is wired in parallel with the contact points and grounded through the distributor
housing. T
91. The distributor cap has separate terminals for the high-tension leads to the ignition coils. F
92. Transmission is located between the propeller shaft and differential. F
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93. The principal function of a compression ring is to prevent gases from leaking by the piston during
the intake and exhaust stroke. F
94. The flywheel stores up energy of rotation during power impulses of the engine. T
95. Aluminum piston requires more clearance to prevent binding or seizing when the engine gets hot.
T
96. The purpose of the valve actuating mechanism is to overcome the spring pressure and open the
valves at the proper time. T
97. The camshaft of 4-stroke cycle engine turns at one-fourth-engine speed. F
98. In a 2-stroke cycle engine, a power stroke is produced every crankshaft revolution. T
99. In gasoline engine, air and fuel first are mixed together in the intake manifold. F
100. The heat of compression ignites the fuel injected into the cylinder and causes the air-fuel mixture
to burn. T
101. In gasoline engine, the heat from compression is enough to ignite the air-fuel mixture. F
102. The action of the connecting rod and crankshaft converts the downward motion to a rotary motion.
T
103. The fire point is the temperature to which the fuel vapor must be heated to ignite. F
104. When the load on the engine is reduced or removed the engine speed increases and the centrifugal
force within the governor decreases. F
105. A disk hub that is loose on the clutch the shaft will make a noise when the clutch is engaged. F
106. When the piston reaches bottom dead center at the end of the intake stroke, the intake valve is
open. F
107. The camshaft has number of cams along its length that open the valve and hold them often to the
correct length of time during the piston stroke. T
108. The cylinders of a liquid-cooled engine are surrounded by jackets through which the cooling liquid
circulates. T
109. The flash points are a temperature at which the fuel vapors will continue to burn after being
ignited. F
110. An engine, which does not knock on a low octane fuel, will not operate more efficiently by using a
fuel of high octane rating. T
111. The ignition quality of a diesel fuel is its quality to ignite when it is injected into the compressed
air within the engine cylinder. T
112. Specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a given volume of electrolyte to an equal volume of
pure water. T
113. A cam follower opens a valve each time the high part of the rotating cam contacts the follower. T
114. The lower the cetane number, the less the ignition lag occurs in the engine. F
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115. Practically in all automotive and construction equipment, the cylinder block and crankcases are
cast in one piece. T
116. Belt horsepower is the power that can be exerted in pulling load. F
117. A mechanic must remember that, reduction in the transmission is only between engine and
propeller shaft. (T)
118. Arresters are the metal plates inside a muffler that slows downs the flow of exhaust gases, thereby
reducing the sounds made by the engine. (F)
119. The capacity of a storage battery is measured in ampere-hour. 200 to 300 amperes will take to
rotate a car engine from a stand still position. (F)
120. The steering brake of crawler-mounted equipment is an external contracting brake. (T)
121. The most generally used spring on independent suspension system for cars is the coil spring. (T)
122. A maintenance procedure that is required to be made on engines operating below normal
performance is called servicing. (F)
123. The piston skirt is the thinnest, and the narrowest diameter of the piston. (F)
124. A special sealing compound that is added to the water in the radiator can repair small radiator
leaks. (T)
125. The use of the locking makes the changing much easier and faster than on the one-piece rim of the
same size. (T) (for reconstruction)
126. The transformation of heat energy to mechanical energy by the engine is based on a fundamental
law of physics, which states that gas will compress upon application of heat. (F)
127. The first thing to do, when a man comes into contact with a live electrical circuit is to drag the
victim away from the energized circuit. (F)
128. Scope tester is used to measure the series resistance, capacity and leakage of an ignition condenser.
(T)
129. Brake horsepower is the amount of turning effort torque that is available at the crankshaft. (T)
130. Ignition timing refers to the timing of the spark at the spark plug gap with relation to the piston
position the compression stroke. (T)
131. Torque is twisting or turning effort and is measured in foot-pound. (F)
132. Mechanical efficiency is the ratio of indicated horsepower over the indicated horsepower minus
friction horsepower. (F)
133. The series of events to produced sustained power over again is called a cycle. (T)
134. Adhesive is a liquid or semi-liquid material that prevents leakage and seals unlike surface. (F)
135. Push rod is the connecting link between valve lifter and rocker arm on overhead valve engine. (T)
136. The function of valve seats is to provide a seal when valve is closed. (T)
137. Exhaust valve permits air-fuel mixture to enter the cylinder combustion chamber. (F)
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138. Dry type air cleaner uses a treated and pleated paper cleaner element, which requires periodic
replacement. (T)
139. In order to obtain higher voltage, batteries must be connected in parallel. (F)
140. A belt that is loose can cause the alternator or generator bearing to wear rapidly. (F)
141. The vacuum valve opens to allow coolant from recovery reservoir back into the radiator. (T)
142. You can read the oil pressure in the oil level gage. (F)
143. When the engine is warm, thermostat is opened allowing coolant to circulate through the engine
and radiator. (T)
144. Primary circuit has a higher voltage than the secondary circuit in a battery ignition system. (F)
145. Flywheel is a component of a single disk clutch. (T)
146. Defective shock absorbers could be a source of improper steering. (T)
147. Toe-in is the fraction of an inch that the heading edge of the front wheels point in toward the
center of the vehicle. (T)
148. Most of the governors used in internal combustion engine are known as the rotary motion. (F)
149. Valve spring serves as a mechanical fulcrum for actuating valves. (F)
150. The distributor contact points and cam provide a means of opening and closing the primary circuit.
(T)
151. Pressure is usually computes in square inches. (F)
152. Piston speed in an engine is expressed in terms of velocity. (T)
153. Mean effective pressure is the total pressure in all cylinders. (F)
154. In a single acting engine with cross head, side thrust is absorbed by the crosshead. (T)
155. The primary function of engine stationary parts is to add power to the engine. (F)
156. Once fuel has been ignited, there is no ignition delay for fuel subsequently injected during the
stroke. (F)
157. Motion of an injector rocker arm is transmitted to the plunger by the followers. (T)
158. When an engine is not equipped with push rod, the cam follower is a part of the rocker arm. (T)
159. Basically, all air-starting systems operate similarly but contain different elements. (F)
160. The exhaust manifold is essentially a tube that carries waste products of combustion from the
cylinder. (T)
161. The piston is attached to the connecting rod by means of the piston ring. (F)
162. The cylinder of air-cooled engines is surrounded by jackets through which the cooling liquid
circulates. (F)
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163. The engine cylinder block is the basic frame of a liquid cooled engine. (T)
164. The crankshaft is one of the stationary parts of an engine. (F)
165. The cylinder head gasket is placed between the cylinder head and engine block to maintain a gas
and coolant-tight seal. (T)
166. When two shoes are anchored on the bottom of the brake shield, self-energizing action is effective
on only shoes. (T) (FOR RECONSTRUCTION)
167. Half Track vehicles are entirely supported, driven and steered by a track, which replaced all
wheels. (F)
168. Transfer case assembly provides flexible connections through which power is transmitted from the
transmission. (F)
169. All diesel injection systems require a supply pump to transfer fuel from the supply tank, through
the filters and lines to the injection pumps. (T)
170. The positive post of the battery is, in most cases slightly smaller than negative post. (F)
171. Braking system must not only be able to stop the vehicle but must stop it in as short a distance as
possible. (T)
172. High-octane fuels, such as aviation or premium gasoline should not be used by multi-fueled
engine. (T)
173. Air trapped in diesel fuel system is one of the main causes for a hard starting engine. (T)
174. The ignition system is necessary because of the high compression ratio in the gasoline engine. (F)
175. When mixing electrolyte, always pour water into acid. (F)
176. In charging a battery with a high current rate, the plates will be overheated and damage, making
the battery useless. (T)
177. The heart of the lubrication system is the oil pump. (T)
178. The primary function of engine lubrication is to prevent engine from overheating. (F)
179. Small radiator leaks can be repaired by a special sealing compound, which is added to the water in
the radiator. (T)
180. The function of air-fins in the radiator is to control the amount of heat removed from the engine for
different operating conditions and air temperature. (F)
181. A backfiring engine may be due to an incorrect air-fuel mixture reaching the engine. (T)
182. Stalling of the engine as it warms could be caused by a defective choke or closed choke valve. (T)
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B. MULTIPLE CHOICE:
183. The general rating is used to identify of a –
a. Individuals performance c. Specially used in wartime

(b.) Broad field of related duties d. Individual job qualification
184. When you are assigned to duty ashore activity you would most likely be assigned to a –
a. Regimental headquarters c. Construction force headquarters

b. Battalion maintenance unit (d). Public works department
185. What publication has up-to-date changes in the navy advancement system?
a. BUPERS notice 3607 c. NAVPERS 18068

(b.) BUPERS notice 1418 d. NAVEDRA 18653-F
186. The military leadership examination are based on a –

a. Personal knowledge (c.) Naval standard
b. Occupational standard d. Professional experience
187. Which of the following personnel issued for advancement of active duty personnel from E3 to E4?
(a.) Commanding officer c. NAVEDTRA prodeucen
b. Naval personnel d. District commandant
188. The internal combustion engine is an engine that –

a. Create mechanical energy (c). Converts heat energy to heat energy
b. Produce heat energy d. Converts mechanical energy to heat energy
189. What forces the piston downward during operation of a gasoline engine?
a. Exhaust of the waste gases (c). Expansion of the heated gases
b. Intake of fuel-air mixture d. Compression of fuel-air mixture
190. The reciprocating motion is changed to rotary motion in combustion engine by means of a –
(a) Crankshaft and connecting rod c. Cylinder and piston
b. Piston pin and connecting rod d. Flywheel and crankshaft
191. The lower end of the connecting rod is attached to the –

(a.) Crankshaft c. Connecting rod
b. Camshaft d. Balance shaft
192. The movement of the intake and exhaust valves of an internal combustion engine is controlled by
the –
a. Connecting rod (c.) Camshaft
b. Balance shaft d. Crankshaft
193. Which events occur during the second stroke in the sequence of strokes for the 4-stroke cycle
engine?
a. The waste gases are exhausted (c) The air fuel mixture is compressed
b. The air fuel mixture is ignited d. The piston moves downward
194. Which stroke in operating of a 4-stroke cycle engine is the greatest force exerted on the piston
head?
a. Intake (c.) Power
b. Exhaust d. Compression
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195. In what order do the strokes of a 4-stroke cycle engine occur during operations?
a. Intake, compression, exhaust, power
b. Compression, power, intake, exhaust
(c.) Intake, compression, power, exhaust
d. Compression, power, exhaust, intake
196. Piston in a 4-stroke cycle engine makes four strokes during each a –
a. Engine cycle ©. Crankshaft revolution
b. Cycle of two events d. Period of two combustion cycles
197. What is the advantage of the multi-cylinder engine over the single cylinder engine?
a. Smoother power c. More efficient
(b.) Higher speeds d. Lesser consumption of fuel
198. How engines are classified?
a. By their cooling system c. By the kind of fuel they burn

b. By their valve arrangements (d). By the number of their cylinder
199. What number of the cylinder nearest the front of an inline engine is –
(a.) Number 1 c. Number 3
b. Number 2 d. Number 4
200. What is the rate at which work is done?

a. Work (c.) Power
b. Energy d. Horsepower
201. In increasing the compression ratio of an engine the result is –

a. Less fuel consumption (c.) Higher engine speed
b. Less cylinder wear d. Higher fuel consumption
202. Valve timing refers to the relationship between the position of the valves and the –
a. Number of cycles in the engine c. Length of time the valves are closed.
c. Length of time the valves are open (d.) Position of ht piston in the cylinder
203. What timing refers to the spark plug firing with relation to the piston position during the
compression and power stroke?
a. Timing chain (c.) Ignition timing
b. Valve timing d. Timing gear
204. Which of the following part provides a basic frame for the water-cooled engine used in
automotive?
a. Crankcase c. Cylinder head
b. Engine base (d.) Cylinder block
205. Which of the following is an indication that the cylinder liner seals are leaking?
a. High rate of oil consumption c. Presence of coolant in crankcase
(b.) Overheating of the engine d. Presence of air bubbles in coolant
206. One reason that engine cylinder heads is made of aluminum alloy is the ability of the alloy to –
a. Retain its shape (c.) Conduct heat
b. Resist corrosion d. Resist wears
207. The stationary part of an internal combustion engine that carries waste product of combustion from
the cylinder is the –
a. Water pump c. Intake manifold
b. Carburetor (d.) Exhaust manifold
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208. The gasket is placed between the cylinder head and engine block is to –
a. Prevent excessive temperature within the cylinder head
b. Maintain clearance between cylinder head and engine block
c. Prevent gas and water leaks
(d.) Provide even heat distribution
209. What material are the gaskets of intake and exhaust manifolds usually made of –
a. Soft metal c. Press paper
(b.) Asbestos d. Pressed cork
210. What type of material are oil pan gasket usually made of –
a. Asbestos (c.) Cork
b. Oil resistant paper d. Soft metal
211. The downward motion of the piston in the cylinder is converted to rotary motion by the action of
the –
a. Valves (c.) Connecting rod and crankshaft
b. Gear train d. Camshaft
212. The piston (wrist pin) is attaches the piston by means of –

a. Camshaft c. Balance shaft
b. Crankshaft (d.) Connecting rod
213. The piston rings are staggered during assembly is to –

(a.) Reduce cylinder leakage c. Allow even heat dissipation
b. Cause even cylinder wear d. Allow the use of expanders
214. During engine operation, thrust from the piston is transmitted to the crankshaft by the –
a. Camshaft (c.) Connecting rod
b. Flywheel d. Balance shaft
215. What type of bearing is placed in the piston end of the connecting rod?
a. Ball bearing c. Roller bearing
b. Round bearing (d.) Bushing
216. How many degrees apart is the crankshaft throws on a 6-cylinder engine being placed?
a. 60 (c.) 120
b. 90 d. 180
217. What part of an engine is likely to fail when subjected to uncontrolled torsional vibrations?
a. Piston (c.) Crankshaft
b. Camshaft d. Connecting rod
218. What is the purpose of thrust faces found on some main bearings?
(a.) Eliminate crankshaft endplay c. Maintain bearing lubrication
b. Prevent crankshaft vibration d. Proper bearing lubrication
219. Which of the following components help to make up the valve-actuating mechanism?
a. Camshaft & camshaft follower c. Push rods
b. Rocker arms (d). All of the above
220. The purpose of the camshaft is to aid in the –

a. Rotating the valve c. Forcing gas to the carburetor
(b.) Operating valve mechanism d. Holding the valves in place
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221. The one procedure for checking valve guide wear involves the use of a –
a. Depth gage c. Valve guide gage
b. Thickness gage (d.) Hole gage and micrometer
222. The back of the tropical bearing half is made of a –

a. Steel only c. Cast iron
b. Bronze only (d.) Steel or bronze
223. What happen, as an oil clearance in bearings becomes greater?

a. Bearing remain cool (c) Oil flows more quickly through the bearing
b. Oil pressure increases d. Oil flows more slowly through the bearing
224. Which of the following conditions will result when a fuel fails to evaporate readily in a cold
climate?
a. Loss of power c. Increased fuel consumption
b. Hard starting (d.) All of the above
225. Which of the following additions is used to improve the anti-knock quality of a gasoline?
a. Ethylene glycol c. Ethyl chloride
(b.) Tetraethyl lead d. Ethyl fluid
226. Which of the following will result when engine ignition timing is retorted?
a. Burned valves c. Loss fuel consumption
(b.) Overheating d. Improved performance
227. Which of the following conditions can cause an engine to knock at low-octane fuel?
a. Faulty cooling system c. Pre-ignition
b. Lean fuel mixture (d.) Each of the above
228. Which test device is normally used to check the output of a fuel pump?
a. Manometer (c.) Vacuum gage
b. Flow meter d. Pressure gage
229. What component maintains the proper pressure the line between the fuel pump and the carburetor?
(a.) Fuel pump c. Fuel filter
b. Fuel gage d. Sediment bowl
230. What type of pumps will deliver fuel only when the float valve in the carburetor is opened?
a. Positive diaphragm c. Diaphragm
(b.) Non-positive diaphragm d. Electric tank unit
231. What type of fuel pumps starts to function when the ignition switch is turned on?
a. Positive diaphragm c. Non-positive diaphragm

(b.) Autopulse d. Diaphragm
232. Which device insures positive operation of vacuum type windshield wipers at all times?
a. Double action fuel pump ©. Fuel pump with a vacuum booster
b. Single action fuel pump d. Electrical fuel pump
233. What type of fuel line fitting is used most often in a gasoline fuel system?
a. Copper tubing (c.) Flared
b. Soldered d. Compression
234. What component that varies amounts of fuel air-mixture that enters the intake manifold?
a. Venturi c. Automatic choke
b. Fuel pump (d.) Throttle valve
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235. The fuel supply in the carburetor bowl is controlled by the –

(a.) Float c. Throttle
b. Choke d. Fuel pump
236. What component in the carburetor determines the amount of fuel that the power jet will supply?
a. Throttle (c.) Vacuum-actuated piston
b. Power jet valve d. Float
237. Which component in the carburetor provides sufficient fuel to accelerate quickly?
a. Metering rod c. Power jet
(b.) Accelerating pump circuit d. Vacuum actuated piston
238. Which component aids a vacuum actuated pump plunger in moving downward in the cylinder
when the throttle is open?
a. Accelerator jets c. Linkage with the throttle
(b.) Accelerator pump spring d. Low vacuum in the venturi
239. Which of the following troubles within the carburetor system will cause an engine to use an
excessive amount of fuel?
a. A weak accelerator spring c. Air leaking into the intake manifold
(b) High float level d. Defective thermostat radiator
240. The dirty fuel passage or a clogged air cleaner could cause an engine to –
a. Backfire c. Have smoky black exhaust
b. Fail to start (d.) Perform sluggishly
241. A plugged fuel line would cause an engine to –

a. Run slowly c. Idle poorly
(b.) Not to start d. Stall as it warms up
242. Which conditions within carburetor system will cause an engine to emit smoky or black exhaust?
a. Defective radiator thermostat ©. Very rich air-fuel mixture
b. Dirty or gummy fuel passages d. Low float level
243. In what conditions within the carburetor system could cause an engine to backfire?
a. Fluctuating fuel level c. Incorrect air-fuel mixture reaching engine
b. Clogged fuel line (d.) Each of the above
244. Why is the carburetor mounted at the center of the intake manifold?
a. To reduce the tendency of carburetor icing
b. To insure adequate supply of air can enter the carburetor
(c.) To insure even distribution of the air-fuel mixture
d. To facilitate maintenance
245. What will be the result when the carburetor or manifold gasket is not seated properly?
a. Overheated exhaust (c.) Lean fuel mixture at one or more cylinders
b. Black smoky exhaust d. Reduced engine compression
246. Which of the engine internal parts will damaged, when the manifold heat control valve sticks?
a. Piston rings (c.) Exhaust valves
b. Piston d. Intake valves
247. Which is one of the advantages of a diesel engine over the gasoline engine?
a. Smoothness of operation (c.) High ratio of power output to fuel consumed
d. Low production cost d. Suitability for vehicles transporting small loads
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248. What effect would a diesel fuel with poor lubricating qualities of a diesel engine?
a. Rapid cylinder wears c. Excessive fuel consumption

(b.) Hot smoky exhaust gases d. Gradual decrease injection system
249. The cetane valve of a diesel fuel is a measure of its –

a. Antiknock qualities c. Viscosity characteristics
(b.) Ignition qualities d. Volatile characteristics
250. What component is to prevent an engine from overspeeding but allows the engine to meet load
conditions?
(a.) Governors c. Carburetor
b. Fuel pump d. Throttle valve
251. Where is the governor connected on a diesel engine?

a. Between the carburetor and fuel filter
b. Between the fuel pump and fuel filter
(c.) Between the throttle and fuel injection
d. Next to the fuel pump
252. What part of a spring loaded centrifugal governor does the manual throttle directly to adjust?
a. Position of flyballs c. Between flyballs and injector
(b.) Spring tension d. Centrifugal force generator
253. What filter is designed to meet the greatest filtering quality?

a. Metal-disk c. Full-flaw
b. Cloth-bag (d.) Fabric filter
254. What type of injection system is used on a caterpillar diesel engine?

a. Pressure time c. Unit inspection
b. Distributor (d.) Pump and nozzle
255. The slide bar of the governor transmit the movement of the governor weights directly to the –
a. Throttle c. Carburetor butterfly valve
(b.) Inspection pump control rack d. Plungers of the injection pump
256. The plunger in 817 series engine injector is actuated by means of the –
(a.) A cam c. Fuel injection pressure
b. Cylinder compression pressure d. Spring
257. The fuel entry port in an injector of 817 series engine is uncovered during the –
a. Intake stroke only c. Compression and intake strokes
(b.) Compression stroke only d. Power and exhaust strokes
258. What type of governor an engine to carrying load conditions required? (FOR Reconstruction)
a. Limiting speed mechanical c. Hydraulic
(b.) Variable speed mechanical d. Spring control
259. The pre-heaters on some diesel engines assist in cold weather starting by heating the –
a. Coolant (c.) Inlet air
b. Fuel d. Lube oil
260. Which of the following conditions will result when water enters the fuel system of a diesel engine?
a. Smoking exhaust emissions (c.) Missing and stalling
b. Overspeeding d. All of the above
261. The percentage of engine heat dissipated through the cooling, lubricating and fuel system is –
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a. 15 percent c. 35 percent
(b.) 25 percent d. 45 percent
262. Coolant in a liquid cooling system flows directly from the water pump to the –
a. Top of the radiator c. Cylinder head
(b.) Bottom of the radiator d. Cylinder block
263. What type of water pumps is commonly used on liquid cooled engines?
a. Nonpositive displacement vane ©. Nonpositive displacement centrifugal
b. Positive displacement vane d. positive displacement centrifugal
264. During the engine warm-up a thermostat restricts the coolant flow to the –
a. Radiator inlet c. Radiator outlet
b. Water pump inlet (d.) Cylinder head outlet
265. The radiator shutters used on large truck are opened by –

(a.) Air pressure c. Vehicle speed
b. Air temperature d. Water temperature
266. Which of the following to eliminate small air leaks at the lower radiator hose connection?
a. Install an invented radiator cap ©. Tighten the hose clamps
b. Replace the hose d. Hose connection with gasket cement
267. Why do most water pumps require little or no maintenance?

a. They are gear driven c. They contain packing glands
(b.) They have sealed bearing d. They have impeller shaft
268. What is the problem if water pump fails to circulate an adequate volume of coolant?
a. Eroded impeller blades c. Faulty shaft bearing
(b.) A loose fan belt d. Worn pump housing
269. Which of the following most application can remove the fan belt after loosening?
a. Fan blade c. Power steering belt
b. Air condition belt (d.) Generator mounting bolts
270. The primary function of an engine lubrication system is to –

(a) To reduce friction c. Provide a seal between cylinder and rings
b. Eliminate engine seizure d. Prevent overheating
271. The first indication of low engine oil pressure on some vehicles would be in form of –
a. A sudden loss of power (c.) A warning light on the instrument panel
b. High engine temperature d. A knocking noise coming from the engine
272. In changing engine oil when should you drain the oil from a vehicle?
a. Anytime ©. When the engine is warm
b. Whenever the vehicle is deadline d. Before the engine been started
273. Which of the following condition could be the cause that a vehicle has a low oil pressure reading?
a. Defective oil pump c. Improper grade of oil
(b.) Defective oil gage d. Blocked of oil passage
274. Which the solvent makes a good compound for flushing an engine when mixed with lubricating
oil?
a. No. 1 diesel fuel c. No. 2 diesel fuel
b. Kerosene (d.) Each of the above
275. The amount of current flow in a DC circuit of fixed resistance is dependent upon the –
18 TDC, NETC 2005
a. Circuit length c. Applied voltage

(b) Current direction d. Conductor size
276. In a lead-acid storage battery current is produced by the –

a. Thermal radiation (c.) Chemical reaction
b. Ionization d. Magnetism
277. A 12-volt load-acid automotive battery is consists of how many cells connected in series?
a. 2 cells (c.) 6 cells
b. 4 cells d. 12 cells
278. What instrument is used to determine whether a battery is functioning or not in a normal cranking
load?
a. Voltmeter (c.) Battery starter tester
b. Hydrometer d. Light load tester
279. The current by an alternator is converted to direct current by means of a/an –

a. Condenser c. Armature oil
(b.) Rectifier d. Stationary field coil
280. The alternating current in the armature coil of DC generator is changed to direct current in external
circuit by the –
a. Slip rings (c.) Commutator
b. Armature d. Changes the polarity of the field
281. What is the purpose of the field windings in a DC generator?

(a.) To increase the strength of ht magnetic field
b. To permit a smoother flow of current
c. To change alternating current to direct current
d. To decrease the strength of the magnetic field
282. The function of the current regulator is to protect the electrical system to –
a. Limit the battery output c. Worn the equipment operator in any malfunction
(b) Limit the generator output d. Disconnect the electrical accessories
283. What causes solder globules to the form inside the cover band of a generator?
a. An open field circuit c. Excessively worn brushes
(b.) Excessive current output d. Internally shorted armature
284. What type of flux is used for soldering electrical connections?

a. Acid (c.) Rosin
b. Borax d. Sal ammoniac
285. What device is used to measure the tension of brush springs?

a. Ohmmeter c. Torque wrench
(b.) Hook scale d. Feeler gage
286. Grounding the field terminal of an alternator will result in damage to the –
a. Diodes (c.) Regulator
b. Battery d. Rotor windings
287. A charging system of an alternator can be checked for proper operation by means of a –
a. Ammeter (c.) Screw driver
b. Voltmeter d. Jumper wire
288. Which device you test the rotor windings to determine if an alternator rotor is internally shorted?
a. Test lamp (c.) Ohmmeter
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b. Galvanometer d. Armature grawler
289. In starting circuit, which component provides battery current directly to the starter?
(a.) Solenoid c. Pushbutton switch
b. Ignition switch d. Each of the above
290. Which mechanism causes the drive pinion to mesh with the flywheel by inertia is known as the –
a. Dyer drive (c.) Reduction drive
b. Bendix drive d. Overrunning clutch
291. Continued starter operation after releasing the starter button or ignition key is often caused by
a. Faulty pinion and rotor assembly c. Worn solenoid plunger
(b.) Shorted solenoid windings d. Broken bendix spring
292. How many volts are delivered to the starting motor when the starting switch is engaged?
a. 4 volts c. 12 volts
b. 6 volts (d.) 24 volts
293. The generator charging current flows from battery B to ground through the –
a. Solenoid c. Cranking motor
b. Generator (d.) Series-parallel switch
294. To perform an accurate battery capacity test which items of information must you have?
a. The specific gravity of the electrolyte
b. The number of positive plate cells
(c.) The ampere-hour capacity of the battery
d. The number of negative plates in the battery
295. A battery ignition system consists of how many circuits?

a. One circuit c. Three circuits
(b.) Two circuits d. Four circuits
296. Which component of a battery-ignition system provides high voltage in the secondary circuits?
a. Capacitor (c.) Coil
b. Distributor d. Ballast resistor
297. Which component is made to rotate by the advance mechanism in modern distributor?
a. Breaker plates c. Cam
(b.) Distributor housing d. Rotor
298. Battery ignition system, high voltage is direct to the spark plugs in the correct firing order?
a. Timer coil c. Battery
(b.) Rotor d. Ignition coil
299. Which of the following conditions will shorten the useful life of a spark plug?
a. Low battery voltage ©. Improper ignition timing
b. Incorrect carburetor adjustment d. Reduced contact gap setting
300. Fluctuation in ignition timing can be caused by a –

a. Faulty condenser c. Restricted exhaust system
b. Rich fuel mixture (d.) Worn distributor bushing
301. In reading the dwell meter when checking the cam angle of a distributor you should start by
adjusting the –
a. Breaker arm alignment (c.) Breaker plate position
b. Contact points gap d. Contact point spring
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302. In timing the vehicle engine to its reference point, you should line up with the reference pointer,
what should you do?
a. Turn the idling screw clockwise c. Move the timing light lead to other plug
(b) Rotate the distributor d. Turn the idling screw counterclockwise
303. The most difficult task in the maintenance and repair of electrical system is –
a. Looking up test equipment ©. Troubleshooting
b. Tracing wiring diagrams d. Determining system polarity
304. Which device is used to disconnect the engine from the power train?
(a.) Clutch c. Transfer case
b. Differential d. Universal joint
305. When the clutch pedal is depressed the pressure plate is retracted by the –
a. Centrifugal force c. Spring pressure
(b.) Release levers d. Splines on the clutch shaft
306. When overhauling a clutch, inspect the pressure plate and flywheel for which of the following
defects?
a. Warpage c. Score and grooves
b. Cracks (d.) All of the above
307. Which component transfers engine power from the clutch shaft to the propeller shaft?
a. Axle (c.) Transmission
b. Clutch d. Differential
308. What device provides for automatically implementing a front wheel drive on a automotive
vehicle?
(a.) Sprag unit c. Power takeoff
b. Two-way clutch d. Auxiliary transmission
309. In transfer case worn or broken gears, worn bearing and excessive endplay in the propeller shaft
will cause –
a. Unbalanced propeller shaft c. Clashing gears
b. Hard shifting (d.) Noisy operation
310. The failure of a power takeoff to operate is usually the result of a –

a. Faulty bearings (c.) Bent or broken linkage
b. Broken gear teeth d. Leaking shaft seals
311. Which of the following device line components is used only on long wheelbase vehicles?
a. Slip joint c. Support bearing
b. Universal joint (d.) Propeller shaft
312. Which component of a drive train is used to allow changes in the angle of the propeller shaft?
a. Companion flange (c.) Universal joint
b. Support bearing d. Slip joint
313. The lubricating universal joint with a low pressure grease gun will prevent –
(a.) Seal damage c. Overlubrication
b. Bearing seizure d. Bearing damage
314. Which of the following units can be considered as a part of the final drive?
a. Flange yoke (c.) Hyoid gear
b. Shaft yoke d. Slip joint
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315. Which component support parts of the weights of a vehicle and also drives the wheels connected to
it?
a. Axle trunion (c.) Live axle
b. Bogie drive d. Dead axle
316. Which component carries part of the vehicle but does not drive the wheels?
(a.) Dead axle c. Chassis
b. Live axle d. Axle trunnion
317. Where are the vehicle weight-supporting bearings in a full floating axle are located?
a. At the inner end of the axle shaft c. At the inner end of the axle housing
b. On the outer end of the axle shaft (d.) On the outer end of the axle housing
318. When the steering knuckles are too light which of the following will result –
a. Abnormal front tire wear ©. Hard steering at all times
b. Shimmy & poor steering control d. Rapid failure of axle universal joints
319. Which of the following components add to the unsprung weight of a vehicle?
a. Rims c. Wheels
b. Axles (d.) All of the above
320. A vehicle goes a bump, its multiple leaf spring are hold together by the –
a. Clip plates (c.) Rebound clips
b. Bumper blocks d. Spring shackles
321. The forward end of a leaf spring is attached to the frame by means of a –
a. Auxiliary spring (c.) Pin and bushing
b. U-bolt d. Spring shackles
322. Which component in a bogie suspension system distributes to rear load to the axles?
a. Guide bracket c. Cross shaft
b. Spring (d.) Torque rod
323. How often should the time on a navy vehicle be rotated?

a. Every 3000 miles c. Once a month
(b.) Every 500 miles d. Twice a year
324. The oil flow within the hydraulic power assist steering system is directed by the –
a. Drag link c. Power cylinder
b. Hydraulic pump (d.) Control valve
325. Pivot inclination, caster, camber, toe-in and toe-out are term referred to –
a. Turning radius (c.) Wheel alignment
b. Steering angle d. Steering geometry
326. Which of the following adjustment is used to balance the effect of camber?
a. Toe-out c. Caster
(b.) Toe-in d. Kingpin angle
327. The defect of steering system of a vehicle can cause the steering wheel have too much play?
a. Worn steering gear c. Worm steering knuckle plates
b. Loose wheel bearing (d). All of the above
328. To adjust the toe-in of a vehicle you must adjust the –
a. Pitman arm (c.) Tie rod

b. Drag link d. Steering knuckle arm
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329. How many tie rods are contained in the steering linkage of a vehicle equipped with front
suspension?
a. One c. Three
(b.) Two d. Four
330. What tools should you use to determine if a master cylinder bore is worn excessively?
a. Caliper c. Hole gage
b. Micrometer (d.) Feeler gage
331. The forward movement of the piston in the compressed air cylinder is dependent upon in a –
a. Spring pressure c. Hydraulic pressure
(b.) Air pressure d. Brake pedal pressure
332. A bearing designed to limit the end play and absorb the axial thrust of a shaft is the –
a. roller bearing (c.) thrust bearing
b. sleeve bearing d. ball bearing
333. A method of joining two metals at high temperature with a molten alloy is called
(a.) brazing c. welding
b. soldering d. forging
334. Gas pocket in a weld are most frequently caused by the absorption of –
(a.) hydrogen c. nitrogen
b. oxygen d. carbon dioxide
335. The first step in the extinguishing of an oxyacetylene flame is to close the –
a. oxygen cylinder valve c. oxygen needle valve
b. acetylene cylinder valve (d.) acetylene needle valve
336. Acetylene gas is easily distinguished from oxygen by the –

a. taste c. cooling effect
b. color (d.) odor
337. In a metal that is drawn into wire, the most important property is –
a. Elasticity (c.) ductility
b. creep resistance d. tensile strength
338. An acetylene torch may be safely lighted by turning the acetylene jet on a –
a. burning match c. lighted cigarette
b. hot piece of metal (d.) small, fixed, open fire
339. One way of cleaning soldering copper is by dipping them into a solution of water and –
(a.) Sal ammonia c. muriatic acid

b. sulfuric acid d. melted rosin
340. A tool that is used for holding work during drilling, binding, and filling is the –
a. “C” clamp c. do-all
(b.) vise d. slag
341. One principal group of stationary bearing in an engine are the –

a. use as guide c. which support the camshaft
b. use as leverage (d.) which support the crankshaft
342. What controls the output voltage of an alternator?

a. speed of the engine c. solenoid
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(b.) voltage regulator d. rectifier
343. One function of the distributor is to –
(a.) interrupt the current c. distribute electrical power to all electrical circuit.
b. to generate high resistance d. to distribute proper amount of fuel
344. Crankshaft may be classified according to the –

a. number of cylinder being moved c. number of rotation per minute
(b.) numbers of throws d. number of rotation per second
345. The principal means of cooling of most piston assemblies is –

(a.) oil c. air
b. oil and water d. water
346. Most compression rings are made of –

a. forged steel (c.) gray cast-iron
b. iron d. tungsten steel
347. One of the important points to remember while using lapping is –

a. do not use fine grinding compound lapping
(b.) do not bear heavily on the handle of the lap
c. bear side ways on the handle of the lap
d. bear heavily on the handle of the lap
348. A wet spark plug indicates –
a. over priming (c.) flooding

b. under priming d. de flooding
349. The latent heat given up by a substance as it change from a gas to a liquid is –
(a.) heat of condensation c. heat of vaporization

b. evaporation d. sensible heat of fusion
350. Before attempting to adjust the high speed main jet in a carburetor, you should-
a. intake opening open and exhaust port close

b. intake opening closed and exhaust port open
c. both intake and exhaust port close
(d.) both intake and exhaust ports open
351. Aluminum piston are superior to cast iron piston in that they –
a. keep heat inside the cylinder (c.) transmit more heat to the cylinder wall
b. fit close to cylinder wall d. seldom need replacement
352. The surface of the piston ring which fits against the cylinder wall is called –
(a.) face c. top
b. back d. bottom
353. The principal cause of clutch chatter is –

a. excessive clearance (c) presence of oil grease in lining
b. worn out clutch facing d. clutch slippage
354. A burned battery terminal may be caused by –

a. over loading c. over speeding of generator
24 TDC, NETC 2005
b. blown fuse (d.) loose connection
355. When removing a battery connector by drilling, you should use a drill with diameter equal to the
diameter of the –
a. connector (c.) connector post
b. positive battery terminal d. negative battery terminal
356. The direction of electron flow in a conductor is from –

a. positive to negative c. positive to positive
(b.) negative to positive d. negative to positive
357. Current flow is caused by the movement of –

a. molecules c. protons
b. atoms (d.) free electrons
358. The best method of determining the capacity of storage battery is by –

(a.) test discharge c. test voltage
b. test charge d. test ampere
359. The active material for the positive plate of a battery is made of –
a. lead peroxide (c.) sponge lead
b. manganese dioxide d. zinc
360. The number of negative plates in a lead acid cells is always-

a. one less than the number of positive plates
b. double the number of positive plates
c. equal to the number of positive plates
(d.) one greater than the number of positive plates
361. Damage cord for power tools should be –

a. coated with flux and covered with rubber tape
b. shortened to remove the damage section
c. repaired with insulating tape
(d.) replaced
362. An atom that has gained or lost electrons –

a. is positively charged (c.) is said to be ionized
b. is negatively charges d. becomes electrically neutral
363. When installing machines in a wood working shop, the first machine installed is the –
a. band saw c. jointer
(b.) circular saw d. surfacer
364. Which of the following is not a part of the valve-actuating mechanism?

a. push rod c. camshaft follower(tappet)
b. rocker arms (d.) piston
365. Viscosity of a liquid means –

(a.) the resistance which a liquid offers to flow
b. the ability of a liquid to flow
c. the force applied to a liquid in order to flow
d. the ability of a liquid to withstand high temperature
366. The ignition system is timed so that the spark occurs –

a. after the piston reaches TDC c. at the same time the piston reaches
(b) before the piston reaches TDC d. before the piston reaches BDC
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367. For general use the cutting edge of a cold chisel should be ground to an angle of –
a. 20° to 30 ° (c.) 60° to 70°
b. 45° to 50° d. 80° to 90°
368. Which of the following practices is recommended for protecting your tools from corrosion?
a. application of heavy coat of oil. c. painting the surfaces with rust preventives
b. covering them with heavy canvas (d.) keeping them clean and lightly coiled
369. The best place to keep a fire extinguisher in a vehicle is near the –
a. spare tire c. radiator
(b.) instrument panel d. gasoline tank
370. What gas is delivered from the center orifice of a cutting torch tip?
a. acetylene (c.) oxygen
b. carbon d. hydrogen
371. The function of the intake manifold on a diesel engine is –
a. to carry the fuel-air mixture and delivers it evenly to the cylinder

(b.) to carry only air to the cylinders
c. to reduce the chances of condensation between the carburator and cylinder
d. to carry waste products of combustion from the cylinder
372. There are two valve for each cylinder in most engine –
(a.) one intake and one exhaust valve c. one intake and one exhaust valve
b. one intake and one exhaust valve d. one intake and one exhaust valve
373. Which of the following devices is used to measure the series resistance, capacity, and leakage of
an ignition condenser?
a. Distribution tester (c.) Condenser tester
b. Scope tester d. Volt-ampere tester
374. As a construction mechanic, you will be mainly concerned with –
a. internal combustion engine repair

b. the repair of construction equipment only
c. external combustion engine repair
(d.) repairing and replacing worn or broken parts and making adjustment to vehicle and equipment
and property service and regularly inspected
375. What kind of fire extinguisher that contains bicarbonate of soda, carbon dioxide and nitrogen?
a. soda type extinguisher c. carbon dioxide (CO2)
b. foam type extinguisher (d.) dry chemical extinguisher
376. What part of the steering linkage assembly is connected to the rod?
a. drag link c. pivot arm
(b.) knuckle d. Pitman arm
377. What device in the brake system prevents the compressor from building up too much pressure in
the air reservoir?
a. Air exhaust tripper (c.) Unloader valve
b. Quick release valve d. Automatic governor valve
378. What type of break linings are extensively used on brake band of construction equipment?
a. Metallic c. Organic
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b. Molded lining (d) Woven lining
379. In what part of the wheel brake assembly does the amount of self-energizing action depends?
(a) Anchor pin c. Wheel cylinder
b. Break drum d. Break shoe link
380. How does the clutch driving member transmit power to the driven member?
a. By mechanical linkage c. By pressure of clutch spring
(b.) By friction d. By the clutch plate
381. What part of the actuating device lifts the valve from the valve seats?
a. push rod (c.) cam lobes
b. valve tappet spring d. camshaft
382. What are the two basic principles of machines?

a. wheel and axle c. lever and block
b. inclined plane and gear (d.) inclined planes and levers
383. The size of an open and wrench is designated by the –

a. diameter of the bolt the wrench is designed to fit
b. thickness of the wrench jaws
(c.) width of the opening between the wretch jaws
d. radius of the nut the wrench is designed to fit
384. The angle between the jaw opening and the handle of an adjustable wrench is –
(a.) 22 ½ degrees c. 23 ½ degrees

b. 23 degrees d. 24 degrees
385. What determines the size of a socket set?

a. the number of points inside the head of any socket in the set.
b. depth of the smallest socket in the set
(c.) size of the square on the drive end of a handle for the set
d. size of the nut opening of the socket in the set
386. What accessory commonly used with socket, is not included in the standard socket set?
a. rachet handle c. speed handle
(b.) torque wrench d. universal joints
387. The cutting edge of a Han dsnip should be sharpened to an angle of –
a. 45 degrees c. 75 degrees
b. 60 degrees (d.) 85degrees
388. Which of the following practices is recommended when files are being used?
a. Remove filings by brushing across of teeth.
b. Clean file by striking gently against workbench
c. Break in view file by using it first on a narrow surface.
(d.) use double cut file for rough work and single cut for fine work.
389. When a hole is drilled in metal, the function of the lip of a twist drill is to –
(a.) cut away the metal c. allow the drill to revolve without binding
b. center the drill on the metal d. provide body clearance
390. What type of combustion engine does the combustion take place outside the engine?
(a.) external combustion engine c. all combustion engine
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b. internal combustion engine d. gasoline engine
391. The up-and-down motion of a piston is known as –

a. rotary motion c. upper motion
(b.) reciprocating motion d. lower motion
392. Which of the following strokes of the 4-stroke cycle engine push the piston upward and
compressed the combustible mixture to the cylinders.
a. exhaust valve (c.) intake stroke
b. exhaust manifold d. intake valve
393. Where should the starter driving gear be meshed in order to crank the engine?
a. crankshaft (c.) flywheel ring gear
b. crankshaft gear d. pinion drive gear
394. The process of separating substance from one another in a liquid is –

a. vaporization (c.) distillation
b. condensation d. liquidation
395. Which of the following parts of an engine belongs to the fuel system?
a. engine block c. exhaust manifold
b. crankcase (d.) intake manifold
396. Which of the following liquids will be effective to administer to a person who swallows gasoline
by accident?
a. Castor oil c. Mineral oil
b. Olive oil (d) Warm salty water
397. The circuit that takes care of fuel delivery during closed or nearly closed throttle is called –
a. float circuit c. high-speed circuit
(b.) idle and low-speed circuit d. electrical circuit
398. Which of the following maintain the fuel level in the carburetor bowl at a constant level during
engine operation?
a. fuel pump (c.) float circuit
b. throttle d. needle valve
399. A device which is often built the exhaust manifold to promote better vaporization of the fuel.
a. intake manifold c. asbestos gasket
b. muffler (d.) manifold heat control valve
400. It raises the boiling point of the coolant and permits the engine to operate at high temperature
without lose of coolant from boiling.
a. radiator c. thermostat
b. water pump (d.) radiator pressure
401. When electrons flow in one direction, the current is referred to as –
(a.) direct current (DC) c. pulsating current

b. alternating current (AC) d. all of the above
402. Without the effect of magnetism, the starting motor will –

a. burn out (c.) dirty insulator
b. open wiring d. all of the above
403. Current can be induced to flow in conductor if it is moved through –

a. generator c. motor
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(b.) a magnetic field d. battery
404. In a lead-acid storage battery, each cell will produce approximately –

(a.) 2 volts c. 6 volts
b. 4 volts d. 12 volts
405. A machine that converts heat energy to mechanical energy –

a. motor. © internal and external combustion engine
b. generator d. growler
406. When a construction men demonstrate his ability to perform a practical factors, entries are made
on his records of practical factors by his –
a. commanding officer c. duty officer
b. executive officer (d.) supervising petty officer
407. You are guilty of bad behavior in the use of tools if you –
(a.) drive a nail with head of a wrench

b. remove nails with the notched end of a pry bar
c. pulling nails with a claw hammer
d. tighten or loosen a nut with a wrench
408. Slip joint combination pliers may used for all of the following purpose except –
a. cutting soft wire (c.) cutting spring wire
b. grasping large objects d. grasping object difficult to reach w/ finger
409. Which of the following bars is used for levering heavy timber and loosening rock formation?
a. pinch bar (c.) crowbar
b. wrecking bar d. any of the above bars
410. Which of the following equipment has the ability to convert chemical energy to electrical energy?
a. generator (c.) battery
b. turbine engine d. matter
411. What mechanism of the carburetor that maintain the full lunch in the carburetor bowl at a constant
level during engine operation?
a. throttle valve c. low speed circuit
b. high speed circuit (d.) float
412. One cause of an overheating engine which you are likely to meet is –
a. Clogged air cleaner c. low engine oil level at the crankcase
(b.) worn, loose or slipping fan belts d. faulty air cleaner
413. What type of material may be used to remove rust on a steel square?
a. chamois cloth c. oiled linen
(b.) emery cloth d. oiled cheese cloth
414. The type of drawing that shown an objects true shape and dimensions?
a. perspective (c.) orthographic

b. isometric d. schematic
415. All internal combustion engines, whether gasoline or diesel rely on three things except –
a. Fuel c. Ignition
b. Air (d) Compression
416. An internal combustion engine is a machine that –

29 TDC, NETC 2005
a. uses heat to create mechanical energy.

b. Converts heat energy to mechanical energy.**
c. Converts mechanical energy to heat energy.
d. Uses heat to create chemical energy
417. What are the basic parts of a one-cylinder engine?

a. Cylinder, camshaft, valves, piston, piston pin, connecting rod, and crankshaft
b. Cylinder, valves, piston, piston pin, connecting rod, and crankshaft
c. Cylinder, piston, piston pin, connecting rod, and crankshaft
d. Cylinder, piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft ***
418. What is the ratio of crankshaft revolutions to piston strokes in a 1-cylinder engine?
a. 1 to 1 (c) 1 to 2
b. 2 to 1 d. 4 to 2
419. At what point in the cycle of a 4-stroke cycle engine does ignition occur?
a. During the power stroke c. Beginning of the compression stroke
(b) End of the compression stroke d. Beginning of the intake stroke
420. A 2-stroke cycle engine operating at the same speed as a 4-stroke cycle engine has a power
advantage of approximately what percentage?
a. 30 to 40 c. 60 to 70
b. 50 to 60 (d) 70 to 80
421. Which of the following reasons accounts for the failure of a 2-stroke cycle engine to produce twice
the power of a 4-stroke cycle engine?
a. Power is used to drive the blower
b. Smaller amount of air is admitted
c. Burned gases not completely cleared from the cylinder
d. Each of the above ***
422. In a 2-stroke cycle engine, one cycle equals one crankshaft revolution and what number of piston
strokes?
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 *** d. 4
423. How are engines most commonly classified?

a. The kind of fuel they use *** c. Their valve arrangements
b. Their cooling system d. The number of cylinders
424. The flywheel of an engine affects the operation of the engine by –

(a) smoothing out power impulses c. keeping the engine form stalling
b. preventing crankshaft vibration d. increasing piston life
425. What type of cylinder arrangement has all cylinders cast in a straight line above the crankshaft?
a. V-type (c) In-line
b. Horizontal opposed d. Radial
426. The firing order is not marked on an engine and a manufacturer’s manual is not available. In this
case, you use what method to determine the firing order of the engine?
a. Crank the engine by hand while observing the order in which the exhaust valves open.
b. Crank the engine by hand while observing the timing mark on the crankshaft.
c. Crank the engine with the starter and observe the rotor in the distributor.
d. Crank the engine by hand and observe the order in which the intake valves open.
427. What type of valve arrangement has the intake valves located in the head and the exhaust valves
located in the engine block?
30 TDC, NETC 2005
(a). F-Head c. I-Head

b. T-Head d. L-Head
428. What type of valve arrangement has the intake and exhaust valves located on opposite sides of the
cylinder in the block, each requiring their own camshaft?
a. F-Head c. I-Head
(b). T-Head d. L-Head
429. Which of the answers below is the definition of torque, energy, and power (in order)?
a. Turning force, ability to do work, rate of doing work
b. Turning force, rate of doing work, ability to do work
c. Rate of doing work, turning force, ability to do work
d. Rate of doing work, ability to do work, turning force
430. A choke alters the air-fuel mixture that enters the manifold of a cold gasoline engine during
starting by admitting –
a. less air. c. more air.
b. less fuel and more air. (d) more fuel and more air.
431. A defective choke or clogged choke valve could cause an engine to –

a. back fire. c. over heat.
(b) stall as it warm up. d. each of the above.
432. A governor which controls the fuel supply indirectly through oil pressure is the –
(a) hydraulic governor. c. mechanical governor.
b. load limiting governor. d. centrifugal governor.
433. A low ohmmeter reading of the test lamp indicates that the rotor winding is –
a. Open. c. Normal.
(b) Grounded. d. Shorted.
434. A test lamp lights when it is connected to the frame and one field terminal of a generator, what
does this indicate?
a. A shorted field c. A normal field
b. An open field (d) A grounded field
435. After tightening the clamp on a new radiator hose, what should you do if the connection loose?
a. Installed a second clamp c. Put a sealer on the connection
(b) Replace the clamp d. Replace the hose
436. All multicylinder gasoline engines are alike and each engine is equipped with –
a. injection pump and injector. © carburetor and spark plugs.
b. blower and inlet parts. d. intake manifolds and preheated.
437. Aluminum pistons will expand more than cast iron pistons and are therefore often designed with –
(a) split skirts. c. full trunk and slipper skirts.
b. slipper skirts only. d. full trunk skirts only.
438. An accumulation of carbon on valve seats will result in –

(a) improper valve closure. c. positive valve life.
b. increase valve life. c. cooler operating valve.
439. An engine that uses an excessive amount of fuel could have which of the following problems?
a. Sticking accelerating pump c. Sticking metering rod on fuel power piston
(b)Too rich idling mixture d. Each of the above
440. An exhaust manifold is attached to each bank of cylinder on which of the following engine?
31 TDC, NETC 2005
a. 1-head c. I-head
(b) V-8 d. All of the above
441. Assume that an engine is hard to start once it has warmed up. What is the problem?
a. Leaky float
b. Weak fuel pump
c. Defective radiator thermostat
(d) Defective or improperly adjusted carburetor unloader linkage
442. For which of the following reasons would you install a rain cap on a vehicle?
a. To protect the operator
(b) To prevent the rain and dirt from entering the engine
c. To keep the engine dry
d. All of the above
443. Identification lights are usually required of which of the following vehicles?
a. Station wagon c. Staff sedan
b. 1/2 ton pick up (d) 5 tons van
444. If a milliammeter reading is zero on a pair commutator segments of an armature that is mounted in
grower, the coil is –
(a) shorted. c. open.
b. normal. d. grounded.
445. If a warm engine is operating at a normal rate of speed, how many pounds of air should be mixed
with every two pounds of gasoline used?
a. 15 pounds © 30 pounds
b. 45 pounds d. 60 pounds
446. If the vehicle's starter fails to function the first check for possible trouble is the –
a. Starter motor. c. Starter switch.
(b) Battery. d. Remote control relay.
447. In a gasoline engine equipped with a fuel injection system, the fuel is injected into the –
a. intake manifold. (c) intake passage of the cylinder head.
b. cylinder head. d. all of the above.
448. In electrical circuit with a fixed resistance, a drop in voltage will cause a/an –
a. reduction in circuit resistance. c. reduction in current flow.
b. increase in current flow. (d) increase in circuit resistance.
449. In running a truck engine without air cleaner, what would likely be its effects?
(a) Cylinder wears c. Knocking
b. Bearing wears d. High gas consumption
450. Incorrect fan belt tension can be determined by measuring the –

(a) deflection of belt pulleys. c. Distance between the belt pulleys
b. Width of the belt. d. each of the above.
451. Most of the governors used on diesel engines are generally called –
a. constant speed governor. © spring-loaded centrifugal governor.
b. speed regulating governor. d. variable speed governors.
452. What movable metal plug, which fits snugly into the cylinder, can still slide up and down easily?
(a) Piston c. Crankshaft
b. Cylinder d. Connecting rod
32 TDC, NETC 2005

453. What part of an engine that changes the heat energy to mechanical energy by the pressure and
combustion action?
a. Flywheel © Piston
b. Camshaft d. Connecting rod
454. A reading on the gage of the cylinder leakage tester will indicate the –
a. Air pressure in a cylinder. © Percentage of air loss in a cylinder.
b. Air temperature in a cylinder. d. Amount of carbon built up on a piston.
455. A single non-conducting diode in an alternator system maybe detected by using a/an –
a. Ammeter. c. Voltmeter.
(b) Analyzer screen. d. Microfarad meter.
456. A starter insulated circuit resistance test is being performed on a 12- volt starting system. The
voltage loss in each of the circuit in views A, B, C should not exceed –
a. 0.2 volt, 0.3 volt, and 0.4 volt respectively
b. 0.4 volt, 0.3 volt, and 0.1 volt respectively ***
c. 0.6 volt, 0.5 volt, and 0.4 volt respectively
d. 0.2 volt, 0.3 volt, and 0.2 volt respectively
457. A valve clearance that is less than specified by the manufacturer will result in –
a. late opening of the valve.
b. inadequate scavenging of the combustion chamber.
c. loosening of the valve adjustment locks.
(d) burning of the valve and valve seat.
458. Activities in precedence diagrams are represented by a –

a. circle. c. triangle.
b. square box. (d) rectangular box.
459. After testing an injector pump, you see that the fuel level in the collector jar is above the good
range. In what condition is the pump?
(a) It is good as new c. Its discharge capacity is below normal
b. Its plunger and barrel are worn d. Its discharge measurement is not accurate
460. After the exhaust valve opens, the piston continues downward to BDC and then upward in what
stroke?
a. Power stroke © Exhaust stroke
b. Intake stroke d. Compression stroke
461. After the fuel pump idle speed is set, the mechanic can change its idle pressure by -~~$$adding or
removing shims from the idle spring.¿ locking the throttle in the shutoff position.¿ turning the
throttle screw.¿ turning the idle speed screw.
462. After washing a blower ball bearing with cleaning solvent, the mechanic cleans the balls and races
of the bearing by –
(a) directing air through the bearing and rotating kit by hand.
b. spinning them dry with compressed air.
c. wiping them with a clean cloth.
d. each of the above.
463. All the following are construction mechanic's duties, except –

a. Maintaining records, preparing requisition, and reports.
b. Training assistants in repair procedures and techniques.
© Performing operator's maintenance of automotive, materials handling and construction
equipment.
33 TDC, NETC 2005

d. Assigning and supervising the work of assistants who locate, analyze and correct malfunctions
in equipment.
464. An effective means of absorbing bunker fuel at minimal cost is to use a –

a. straw. c. clay.
(b) polyurethane foam. d. all of the above.
465. Assume a vehicle is equipped with a 24-volt series-parallel starting system. Which of the
following voltmeter readings is considered within normal limits for a cranking voltage test?
a. 20 volts © 16 volts
b. 14 volts d. 12 volts
466. Assume that the ammeter shows no output at high voltage during a generator test and that the
charging circuit is not fused at the regulator. Which component should be repaired or replaced?
a. Field lead of the wiring harness c. Armature lead of the wiring harness
(b) Generator field winding d. Regular cutout relay
467. Assume the mechanic is measuring the resistance of an insulated circuit in an AC charging system.
With the engine running at 2,000 RPM, the mechanic should increase the load with the tester until
the ammeter reading reaches –
a. 24 amperes. c. 20 amperes.
(b) 10 amperes. d. 5 amperes.
468. At high engine speed, which of the following drawbacks of the conventional ignition system is
over come by the transistorized ignition system?
a. Arcing across breaker points c. Incomplete saturation of the ignition coil
(b)A and C are correct d. None of the above
469. At what speed relative to rated speed is engine horsepower at maximum?

a. Rated speed © About 200 rpm greater than rated speed
b. About 200 rpm less than rated speed d. About 500 RPM greater than rated speed
470. Before assigning work to your crews, you should have which of the following information?
a. Their experience c. Leave schedule
b. Training required (d) All of the above
471. Before being installed in the engine, a nozzle is retested for which of the following defects?
a. Leakage c. Spray angle and pattern
b. Valve-opening pressure (d) Each of the above
472. Before proceeding with the final stage in testing a caterpillar fuel injector pump, the mechanic
must remember to –
a. siphon fuel from the pump into the collector jar.
(b) bleed air from the pump and collector assembly.
c. inspect the injector screen filter before attaching the collector assembly.
d. each of the above.
473. Broken lines in an arrow diagram represent a/an –

a. Activity. c. Event.
(b) Dummy. d. Critical path.
474. By what means is a valve seat grinder kept concentric with the valve guide during the process of
grinding valve seats?
a. Centrifugal force c. Centered grinding stones in the chuck
b. Upper and lower grinding stones (d) A self-centering pilot in the valve guide
34 TDC, NETC 2005

475. By what means should a mechanic remove carbon deposits that still remain on turbocharger parts
after they have soaked in mineral spirits?
(a) Steam c. Wire brush
b. Soft bristle brush d. Compressed air
476. Chrysler electronic ignition uses a magnetic pickup coil and a rotating reluctor to replace the –
a. condenser. c. rotor.
b. primary coil. (d) cam and rubbing block.
477. Clutch noise is usually most noticeable when the engine is –

(a) idling. c. decelerating.
b. accelerating. d. being started.
478. Construction mechanics are to be concerned with air pollution emitted from the following sources,
except –
a. vehicle exhaust. c. paint booths.
(b) boiler exhaust. d. parts washers.
479. Damaged to the injector orifice after carbon deposits are wirebrushed from an injector valve could
result in –
a. pre-combustion. © reduced power output.
b. improved fuel atomization. d. no value opening pressure.
480. During pump cleaning and inspection, it is not necessary to check for –
a. worn, distorted or broken springs.
(b) opening pressure of the spray valve.
c. damage bore grooves and seals seats.
d. distorted or damaged o-ring, seals and gaskets.
481. During secondary circuit testing, a spark plug cable resistance exceeds the manufacturer's
recommended specifications. This condition can be caused by –
a. Spark plug cable damage c. An unseated cable at the distributor cap tower.
b. A defective spark plug connector. (d) Any of the above
482. During testing of the transfer pump, which of the following conditions will not cause a low
pressure reading on the test gage?
a. Worn transfer pump blade c. Air leaks on the suction side of the pump
(b) A restricted fuel return line d. A malfunction regulator valve
483. During the valve-holding pressure test of an injector, the opening pressure drops from 450 psi to
250 psi in 50 seconds. The drop rate is an indication of a/an –
a. Leak due to poor bushing-to-body fit.
b. Leaking valve assembly due to a damaged surface or dirt.
c. Loose filter cap gasket.
(d) Injector whose lapped surfaces are sealing properly.
484. Engine power loss can result from carbonization of the injector metering orifices. How can the
carbon be removed?
a. Wire brushing © Reverse flushing while the engine is warm
b. Smoothing with emery cloth d. Soaking the injector in a clean solvent
485. Excessive resistance in a vehicle's charging system can be due to –

a. An open circuit. c. Burned or oxidized cutout relay contact.
b. Loose or corroded connections. (d) Both b and c above
486. Factors to be considered in determining the number of ready-for-use tires required do not include
the –
35 TDC, NETC 2005
a. operating conditions. © number of personnel in the tire shop

b. types of tires on the ground. d. number of size on the ground.
487. Factors to be considered when you develop a network analysis are critical items and all of the
following, except –
a. Capability. © Frequency.
b. Sequence. d. Continuity.
488. For how many degrees past TDC does a piston in a typical general motors two-stroke cycle diesel
engine deliver power to the crankshaft?
a. 17.5 c. 44.5º
(b) 92.5º d. 132º
489. How can a mechanic identifies the polarity of silicon-diodes that are not marked with the plus or
minus sign?
a. Copper or silver lettering c. Blue or green lettering
(b) Black or red lettering d. Brown or yellow lettering
490. How can you tell whether the timing gear keyed on the camshaft and the one keyed on the
crankshaft are installed to ensure proper valve timing?
a. The number of gear-teeth between marks is divisible by three
b. All marks on the gear-teeth fall on the same straight line
c. There is an even number of teeth between gear marks
(d) The gears mesh so that the two marked teeth of one gear straddle the one marked tooth of the
other gear
491. How many feet should the red taillights of the vehicle must be shown visible to the rear of the
vehicle?
a. 300 feet c. 400 feet
(b) 500 feet d. 600 feet
492. How many foot-pound of work per minute can 6-horsepower engine produce?
a. 50,000 c. 66,000
b. 100,000 (d) 198,000
493. If the cylinder is worn tapered, which diameter of the cylinder serves as the guide for fitting piston
ring?
a. Upper most diameter
b. Diameter of the bottom
c. Diameter that is halfway between the top and bottom
(d) Diameter through the point marking the lower limit of ring travel
494. If you have tightened up the tie rod ends of a steering system, you will likely have to adjust the –
a. Toe-in. c. Kingpin angle.
(b) Front-wheel bearing. d. Front-wheel caster or camber.
495. In a starting motor current draw test, the cranking speed of the motor is low and the current draw is
normal. A check should be made of the –
a. Battery capacity. © Starting circuits resistance.
b. Starting motor cranking current. d. Each of the above.
496. In measuring crankshaft journal, a mechanic finds one that has worn out-of-round by 0.004 inch.
Wear on the other journal is negligible. What should the mechanic do in this situation?
a. Regrind the entire journal (c) Regrind the out-of-round journal
b. Replaces the crankshaft d. Each of the above
497. In planning, which of the following estimates should you be concerned with?
36 TDC, NETC 2005
a. Equipment c. Material
b. Manpower (d) Each of the above
498. In preparing for advancement, you should familiarize yourself with manual of qualification for
advancement, the record of practical factors, appropriate rate training manuals, and other material
that is required or recommended in the –
a. Rate training manuals
b. Basic military requirements training manual.
© Bibliography for advancement study
d. List of training manuals and correspondence courses
499. In tests where the engine is cranked with the ignition on, you must keep the engine from starting
by connecting a jumper lead between the –
a. battery posts.
b. starting motor terminal and negative post of the battery.
© secondary terminal of the coil and ground.
d. primary terminal of the coil and ground.
500. In the automotive alternator using positive and negative silicon-diode rectifiers, how many
rectifiers of each type are required?
a. 1-positive and 1-negative c. 2-positive and 1-negative
b. 2-positive and 2-negative (d) 3-positive and 3-negative
501. In troubleshooting a charging system, the mechanic observes that the generator field coils are
grounded externally at the regulator. Which type of field circuit will he be testing?
(a) A circuit c. B circuit
b. A or B circuit d. Each of the above
502. In troubleshooting the GM fuel system, you learn that the fuel pump is not functioning
satisfactorily. Before removing the fuel pump, you should make sure of which of following
conditions?
a. There is fuel in the tank c. The fuel supply valve is open
b. The filter cover bolt is tight (d) All of the above
503. In troubleshooting the primary circuit, the mechanic should use an ohmmeter to check the
condition of the –
(a) Condenser. c. Breaker point.
b. Ignition switch. d. Each of the above.
504. In troubleshooting, which of the following is a secondary circuit checkpoint?

a. Both coil terminals c. Distributor contact points
(b) Spark plugs d. Circuit breakers
505. In what range should a vacuum gage reading fall for a gasoline engine in good condition, idling at
550 rpm at a 4,000-foot altitude?
a. 21 to 26 inches © 17 to 22 inches
b. 15 to 20 inches d. 13 to 18 inches
506. In which of the following speed ranges do an engine torque falling while horsepower is rising?
a. 1,000 to 1,700 RPM © 1,800 to 2,600 RPM
b. 2,700 to 2,900 RPM d. None of the above
507. Inventory of spare tires for tactical vehicles is expected by –

a. storing them on pallets. c. attaching tags and storing a collateral equipment
b. turning them into supply. (d) using them as ready for issue tires.
508. Most fuel problems maybe traced to which of the following causes?
37 TDC, NETC 2005
a. Dirty fuel filters only c. Broken fuel line only

b. Poor quality fuel only (d) Any of the above
509. One purpose of measuring the resistance of a negative charging system circuit is to determine how
much voltage is lost between the –
a. generator output terminal and the negative battery post.
b. generator housing and the positive battery post.
© generator output terminal and the positive battery post or between the generators
d. Each of the above
510. One purpose of the differential in the rear axle assembly of a wheeled vehicle is to –
a. serves as a torque member.
b. insures that the rear wheels always turn at the same speed.
c. boosts engine power transmitted to the wheels.
(d) enables the axles to be driven as a single unit although turning at different speeds.
511. Over lubrication of the distributor will likely result in –

a. short circuiting. © sluggish performance.
b. open circuiting. d. too rapid ignition timing.
512. Paint booths require an adequate ventilation system to remove paints fumes. Additional safety
requires that they be equipped with –
a. pedestal fans. © explosion proof electrical connections
b. reflective finished walls. d. air-operated tools.
513. Sparkplugs should be removed from engine while it is warm in order that –
a. evidence of carbon leakage will show.
(b evidence of oil leakage will show.
c. carbon deposits are be removed.
d. cracks the insulators will expanded and easily seen.
514. Suppose a heavy, dull, metallic knock is head regularly while an engine is operating under load or
is accelerating. Which of the following engine noises is indicated?
a. Piston pin knocks © Crankshaft knock
b. Main bearing knock d. Piston slap
515. Suppose an engine lacks power, runs unevenly, or stalls at idle even after its fuel pump is
reconditioned. What should you suspect?
a. Restricted fuel flow © Faulty injector
b. Excessive vacuum pressure d. Dirty fuel filter
516. Suppose that in the alternator output test, the blue ammeter scale indication stay at normal while
engine speed is increased slowly. Which component needs replacement?
a. Alternator c. Battery
(b) Regulator d. Each of the above
517. Suppose the trouble with a diesel engine has been located inside a fuel injector. Who should get
the task of repairing this injector?
a. Any mechanic who volunteers to do the task
(b) Any experienced mechanic who has been trained to repair injectors
c. A qualified automotive engineer
d. Either of the above
518. Synthetic solvents can be made of which of the following materials?

a. Straw c. Clay
(b) Dry oil d. Polymer
38 TDC, NETC 2005

519. The air bubbles in the radiator coolant indicate that air is probably being released through a –
a. piston ring. © defective head gasket.
b. defective exhaust valve. d. leaking intake valve.
520. The ammeter scale indication stays at normal while engine speed is increased slowly, which
component needs replace?
a. Battery c. Ammeter
b. Alternator (d) Regulator
521. The ammeter scale reading is nonzero, the vehicle's circuits turned off, this reading indicates on
a/an –
(a) Electrical short circuit. c. Blown fuse.
b. Electrical open circuit. d. Corroded battery post.
522. The amount of fuel that a PT injector delivers to the combustion chamber will be affected by
which of the following changes?
a. Timing c. The size or shape of the injector orifices
b. The fuel pressure (d) Each of the above
523. The caterpillar compact fuel system transfer pump delivers fuel to the –
a. Filter. © Manifold.
b. Capsule. d. Injection valve.
524. The causes of excessive oil consumption by an engine to result in a major engine overhaul?
a. Worn valve guides or stems
b. A cracked vacuum pump diaphragm
© Worn piston rings or cylinder walls
d. Each of the above
525. The converter cover is attached to the engine by the use of a –

a. Flywheel ring. c. Clutch plate.
(b) Flex-plate. d. Slathered drive.
526. The cycle of gasoline operation must be timed properly to ensure correct engine timing.
a. Spark ignition of the fuel
b. Educing of intake and exhaust valves
c. Opening of intake and exhaust valves
(d) Each of the above
527. The engine noises or metallic knock is indicated while an engine is operating under load or is
accelerating?
a. Piston slap © Crankshaft knocks
b. Main bearing knock d. Piston pin knock
528. The injector spray tip is normally soaked in solvent for approximately 15 minutes to loosen the –
a. carbon on both inside and outside of the tip.
(b) carbon on the inside of the tip.
c. dirt on the outside of the tip for easy cleaning.
529. The lights that can be turned on or off for the convenience or safety of the driver or passengers are
called –
(a) Auxiliary lights. c. Head lights.
b. Parking lamps. d. Backup lights.
530. The mechanic removes carbon deposits that still remain on turbocharger part soaked in mineral
spirit by –
a. steam. c. wire brush.
39 TDC, NETC 2005
b. compressed air. (d) soft bristle brush.
531. The more traction is required of a four-wheel truck, the front wheel drive is engaged automatically
by a/an –
a. Slip joint. © Sprag unit.
b. Two-way clutch. d. Auxiliary transmission.
532. The most common failure of a fuel pump is a –

(a) Sticking relief valve. c. Loses of power.
b. Vibrates too much. d. Idling speeds.
533. The oil returning from the converter is directed to the –

a. Converter inlet. © Transmission cooler.
b. Transmission pump inlet. d. Transmission sump.
534. The opening pressure drops from 450 psi in 50 seconds, the drop rate is an indication of a/an –
a. Injector whose lapped surface. c. Leak due to poor brushing to body fit.
(b) Loose filter cap gasket. d. Leaking valve assembly due to damaged surface.
535. The output polarity of a DC generator is determined by the polarity of its –

a. A circuit. c. B circuit.
b. Silicon-diode. (d) Permanent field pole piece.
536. The power takeoff unit gear arrangements that provide three or more forward speeds are used to
operate the –
(a) Winches. c. Tracklayers.
b. Power train. d. Front-wheel drive.
537. The probable cause of irregular knock heard each time the clutch of a vehicle is engaged as
released?
a. A loose throw out bearing © Worn thrust bearing
b. Damage pressure plate d. Damage clutch plate
538. The reverse flow check valve in the pump is closed by the –
a. cam action. c. compression.
(b) residual pressure. d. spring pressure
539. The shape of flattened plastigage that was used to check bearing clearance gives an indication of –
a. a loose bearing cap.
b. excessive crankshaft endplay.
c. a locked or dragging crankshaft.
(d) a tapered or worn crankshaft journal or bearing.
540. The signals that show the largest dimension of a truck are called –
a. Identification lamps. © Side marker lamps.
b. Clearance lamps. d. Reflector flares.
541. The signals that show the widest dimension of a truck are called –
a. Reflector glares. © Clearance lamps.
b. Identification lamps. d. Side marker lamps.
542. The sleeve position in the caterpillar sleeve meeting fuel system is controlled by the –
a. Barrel. c. Plunger.
b. Priming pump. (d) Governor.
543. The slightly out-of-round brake drums may be made true by using a –
a. Router. © Lathe.
40 TDC, NETC 2005
b. Drum sander. d. Boring mill.
544. The transistor regulator can be adjusted internally by –

(a) turning a screw on the potentiometer.
b. interchanging diode connections.
c. sliding the contacts of its resistors.
d. relocating a screw in the base of the regulator.
545. The Vernier micrometer is readable to scale equal to –

a. 0.1. c. 0.001.
b. 0.01. (d) 0.0001.
546. To be satisfactory, the injector valve opening pressure (as read on the test gage) should fall
between –
a. 100 and 200 psi. c. 200 and 300 psi.
b. 300 and 400 psi. (d) 400 and 800 psi.
547. To check engine performance for faulty fuel injection, you operate the engine at a speed that
accentuates the fault. The next step in the procedure is to try to get the cylinders to misfire by –
a. Cutting off the ignition switch.
b. Preventing spark from reaching each cylinder.
© Loosening the fuel line nut on each injector pump.
d. Enriching the fuel supply to each cylinder.
548. To determine all timing events in 4-stroke cycle diesel engine, how many clockwise revolutions?
a. 1 c. 3
(b) 2 d. 4
549. To determine how fit a piston to its cylinder is measured accurately by means of a/an –
a. outside micrometer. © piece of feeler stock and a spring gauge.
b. plastigage and a dial indicator. d. inside caliper.
550. To retard ignition timing, the breaker assembly is moved –

a. clockwise. c. with the direction of cam rotation
b. counterclockwise. (d) opposite the direction of cam rotation.
551. Toolkit inventories are normally conducted how frequently?

a. Monthly © Biweekly
b. Weekly d. Daily
552. Under what condition are extensive repairs to an engine authorized?

(a) When the inspector determine that the engine has a malfunction
b. When the manufacturer recommends a major tune up of the engine
c. When the operator reports engine power less
d. When it is hard to start
553. What component in a synchromesh transmission equalizes the speed of the driving and driven
members?
a. Dog clutch c. Shifter fork
b. Sliding sleeves (d) Friction cone clutch
554. What component is usually combined with the taillight by using a double contact or double
filament bulb?
(a) Stop lamp c. Tail light
b. Signal light d. Side marker light
41 TDC, NETC 2005

555. What component must be removed before a blower-equipped air induction system can be
inspected?
(a) Air inlet housing c. Flywheel housing
b. Freshwater pump d. Scavenging blower
556. What components are not approved in all areas as permanent vehicle lighting equipment?
(a) Spot light c. Backup light
b. Stoplight d. Headlight
557. What device enables an alternator to produce direct current?

a. Rotor c. Stator
b. Commutator (d) Rectifier bridge
558. What device on the fuel system of a turbocharger Cummins engine aids in controlling engine
smoke level?
(a) Aneroid c. Smoke arrester
b. Catalytic converter d. Scavenging blower
559. What distance must the brake stop the vehicle safely when it is traveling at a speed of 20 mph?
(a) 55 feet c. 65 feet
b. 75 feet d. 85 feet
560. What does the lockout mechanism in the transmission produce when it fails to exert enough spring
pressure on the gears?
a. Hard shifting © Slipping out of gear
b. Gear clashing low to second gear d. Gear clashing second to high gear
561. What instrument is used to measure the amount of taper and oval wear in a cylinder?
a. Special dial indicator c. Inside micrometer
b. Telescopic gage (d) Each of the above
562. What is the effect on fuel consumption and power could be supplied by normal atmospheric
pressure?
a. More fuel is burned, power is decreased
(b) More fuel is burned, power is increased
c. Less fuel is burned, power is decreased
d. Less fuel is burned, power is increased
563. What is the first step in diagnosing transmission trouble?

a. Remove the unit from the vehicle
b. Pinpoint the malfunction in the unit
© Clean and disassembling the unit
d. Mark reference point before disassembling unit
564. What is the function of the capsule-type valve assembly of the caterpillar fuel injection system?
a. Meter the fuel c. Time the delivery of fuel
(b) Inject and atomized the fuel d. Pressurize the system
565. What is the maximum pressure so that the fuel can flow upward through the cap spray holes?
a. 500 psi © 1,000 psi
b. 1,500 psi d. 2,000 psi
42 TDC, NETC 2005

566. What is the most common micrometer used by the mechanics?

a. Depth c. Inside
b. Outside (d) All of the above
567. What is the relationship between fuel injection timing and piston position?
a. Fuel c. Fuel is being injected
(b) Fuel has already been injected d. When the piston is at BDC fuel is being injected
568. What part of damaged may require replacement to the main turbocharger main casing?
a. Timing gear c. Turbine casing
(b) Floating bearing d. Exhaust casing
569. What should you suspect, when an engine lacks power or stalls at idle after its fuel pump is
reconditioned?
a. Faulty injector c. Dirty fuel filter
(b) Restricted fuel flow d. Excessive vacuum pressure
570. What stroke begins as the crankshaft continues to rotate past to TDC?
a. Exhaust stroke © Intake stroke
b. Power stroke d. Compression stroke
571. What stroke of 4-stroke cycle diesel engine begins before TDC continues through BDC and ends
the next upstroke of the piston?
(a) Compression c. Power
b. Intake d. Exhaust
572. When a vehicle brakes are tested by the marked line method, the braking distance is
measured from the line to the –
a. center of the vehicle. c. driven seat of the vehicle.
(b) front of the vehicle. d. rear of the vehicle.
573. When the pedal of a hydraulic brake system is pressed down it creeps slowly downward
after about a minute, what is the cause?
a. Ill fitting brake shoes © A leaking wheel cylinder
b. Completely severed brake hose d. A weakened brake shoes retracting spring
574. When the wheel of the vehicle has no tendency to rotate on its spindle of itself regardless
of its position, the wheel is said to be in –
a. dynamic balance. © friction disk.
b. tracking balance. d. flywheel.
575. When troubleshooting a fuel system, how can the mechanic eliminate after the pump as a
source of trouble?
a. By adjusting the high idle stop screw
(b) By checking manifold pressure
c. By running the engine at low speed
d. By checking the suction side of the pump
576. When using compressed air to test an engine cylinder for leakage, you notice air bubbles
in the radiator coolant. The bubbles indicate that air is probably being released through a –
a. piston ring. © defective head gasket.
b. leaking intake valve. d. defective exhaust valve.
577. When valves are being adjusted, where should the piston be positioned?
43 TDC, NETC 2005

a. TDC of the intake stroke c. BDC of the intake stroke

(b) TDC of the compression stroke d. BDC of the compression stroke
578. Whenever possible, dirty breaker points in distributor should be –

a. filed clean. © replaced.
b. sanded smooth. d. rinsed with carbon.
579. Which component of a moving vehicle adjusts to changes in the distance between the
transmission and the axle?
a. Cross joint c. Driving axle
b. Universal joint (d) Slip joint
580. Which condition maybe directly caused by a valve that is adjusted too tightly?
a. Oil leaks c. Cocked valve spring
b. Loose adjustment locks (d) Damage piston
581. Which device should the mechanic use to determine the fuel output of injector falls within
specified limits?
a. Fuel pump © Compactor
b. Injector tester d. Fuel collector assembly
582. Which gage or tester will enable the mechanic to check the uniformity of pressures within
the combustion chambers of an engine?
a. Vacuum gage © Compression gage
b. Cylinder leakage tester d. Exhaust gas analyzer
583. Which of the following brake troubles is least likely to occur on a navy truck?
a. Greasy break lining c. Worn brake drum
(b) Wrong lining material d. Out-of-round break drum
584. Which of the following conditions can damage a turbocharger because the oil filter is
bypassed?
a. Turbocharger lubrication valve is opened
b. Filter bypass valve is malfunctioning
c. Oil filter is clogged
(d) All of the above
585. Which of the following conditions changes the amount of fuel that injector delivers to the
combustion chamber will be affected?
a. Timing c. Pump pressure
b. The fuel pressure (d) Size or shape of injector orifices
586. Which of the following conditions is least likely to cause hard steering?
a. Loose tire rod ends c. Worn universal joints
b. Improper adjusted brakes (d) Underinflated tires
587. Which of the following conditions produces torsional vibration that sound like noises in
the transmission?
a. Loose U-bolts c. Worn Universal joints
b. Unbalanced Wheels (d) All of the above
44 TDC, NETC 2005

588. Which of the following engine problems could be indicated by the low oil pressure
reading?
a. Weak relief-valve spring c. Worn oil pump
b. Worn engine bearings (d) Each of the above
589. Which of the following faults does not cause a smoky exhaust?
a. Overloading c. Lack of compression
b. Lack of air (d) Lack of fuel
590. Which of the following malfunctions can cause an engine to lose power?
a. Worn distributor cam c. Incorrect ignition timing
b. Excessive vacuum spark advance (d) All of the above
591. Which of the following parts are replaced when the rotor assembly of a turbocharger must
be rebalanced?
a. Thrust washer and lockout c. Sleeve and compressor wheel
b. Turbine wheel and shaft (d) All of the above
592. Which of the following parts does a mechanic replaces worn on damaged blower part as a
matched set?
a. End plates c. Oil seals
(b) Timing gear d. Double row bearing
593. Which of the following parts is tested if the cranking voltage for a 12-volt system is 8
volts?
a. Starter circuits c. Battery capacity
b. Starting-cranking current (d) Each of the above
594. Which of the following piston materials requires more clearance when fitted to an engine
cylinder to prevent seizing or binding when the engine gets hot?
(a) Aluminum c. Cast iron
b. Mild steel d. Iron alloyed
595. Which of the following practices is recommended to correct a stiff clutch pedal?
a. Adjust free travel of the pedal © Lubricate the clutch linkage
b. Ride the clutch d. Oil the disk facing
596. Which of the following speed ranges does engine torque increase steadily?
(a) 1,200 to 1,600 rpm c. 1,600 to 2,000 rpm
b. 2,000 to 2,400 rpm d. 2,400 to 2,800 rpm
597. Which of the following statements in a vacuum hydraulic brake system can result in a hard
pedal caused by vacuum failure?
a. Damaged floating control valve c. Collapsed or damaged vacuum hose
b. Plugged or loose vacuum fittings (d) All of the above
598. Which of the following test is the plunger bottom helix and the lower portion of the upper
helix checked visually?
a. Fuel output test © Spray pattern test
b. High pressure test d. Plunger movement test
45 TDC, NETC 2005

599. Which of the following tools does a mechanics uses to prevent goring of the fuel pump
and pump parts in reassembly?
a. Torque wrench c. Spicing steel lock washers
(b) Flat steel washer d. Extreme pressure lubricant
600. Which of the following trouble result from a malfunction of the air over-hydraulic power
cylinder?
a. Low pedal and severe braking © Hard pedal and dragging brakes
b. Grabbing brakes and spongy pedal d. Padding brakes and pulsating brake pedal
601. Which of the following types of regulator is used for the electrical output of an alternator?
(a) Transistorized c. Electromagnetic
b. Commutator d. Each of the above
602. Which of the valve opening pressure readings given below is the specified limits for the
needle valve injector?
(a) 450 psi c. 800 psi
b. 2,000 psi d. 3,000 psi
603. Which parts of the standard differential distinguish it from the no-spin differential?
a. Ring gear and spider c. Spring retainer and trunnions
(b) Pinions and side gears d. Two driven clutch member with side teeth
604. Which type of transmission if any will increase the mechanical advantage of a truck?
(a) Auxiliary transmission c. Synchromesh main transmission
b. Hydraulic transmission d. Constant-mesh main transmission
605. While troubleshooting a fuel pump of an engine, when should a mechanic measures
manifold pressure?
a. Just after the governor cut in c. When maximum engine speed is reached
b. When the engine at low speed (d) Just before the governor cuts
606. You are adjusting contact points of a distributor. You provide full face contact of the
points by –
a. filling the cam. c. filling the cam contact of the breaker arm.
b. bending the breaker cam. (d) bending the stationary bracket.
END OF REVIEWER
Suggestions or comments to further improve this publication may be coursed to –
1. Director, Training and Doctrines Development Center, NETC, Naval Station San
Miguel, San Antonio, Zambales.
2. e-mail address –navypromex@yahoo.com
3. Text Message – Promex Office Cell Phone No. 0920-463-6733
46 TDC, NETC 2005

Internal Combustion Engine

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Professional Requirements for CM3

CONSTRUCTION MECHANIC THIRD CLASS (CM3)

Reference: Construction Mechanic 3 & 2

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

1. The piston moves upward, compressing the air in the cylinder.

1 TDC, NETC 2005

TWO-STROKE CYCLE ENGINE

2 TDC, NETC 2005

3 TDC, NETC 2005

5. Air contains potential energy for operating the engine. F

6. Fuel contains potential energy for operating the engine. T

9. The lower end of the connecting rod is attached to the cylinder. F

4 TDC, NETC 2005

23. The energy is the rate at which work is done. F

24. Power is the ability to do work. F

28. Bore is the inside diameter of the engine block. F

46. The camshaft is enclosed in the engine block. T

48. The intake valves are ordinarily made of aluminum alloy. F

60. Air is composed of various gases mostly liquid and molecules. F

61. Gasoline is a mixture of several components with varying degrees of volatility. T

77. The water pump is the heart of the thermostat. F

80. The gear pump is the heart of the lubricating system. F

81. The inner rotor is off-center from the outer rotor. T

84. The capacity of a battery is measured in voltage. F

86. A starting motor changes electrical energy into mechanical energy. T

92. Transmission is located between the propeller shaft and differential. F

7 TDC, NETC 2005

97. The camshaft of 4-stroke cycle engine turns at one-fourth-engine speed. F

8 TDC, NETC 2005

131. Torque is twisting or turning effort and is measured in foot-pound. (F)

145. Flywheel is a component of a single disk clutch. (T)

146. Defective shock absorbers could be a source of improper steering. (T)

151. Pressure is usually computes in square inches. (F)

152. Piston speed in an engine is expressed in terms of velocity. (T)

164. The crankshaft is one of the stationary parts of an engine. (F)

11 TDC, NETC 2005

183. The general rating is used to identify of a –

a. Individuals performance c. Specially used in wartime

a. Regimental headquarters c. Construction force headquarters

a. BUPERS notice 3607 c. NAVPERS 18068

186. The military leadership examination are based on a –

188. The internal combustion engine is an engine that –

191. The lower end of the connecting rod is attached to the –

12 TDC, NETC 2005

198. How engines are classified?

a. By their cooling system c. By the kind of fuel they burn

200. What is the rate at which work is done?

201. In increasing the compression ratio of an engine the result is –

212. The piston (wrist pin) is attaches the piston by means of –

213. The piston rings are staggered during assembly is to –

220. The purpose of the camshaft is to aid in the –

14 TDC, NETC 2005

222. The back of the tropical bearing half is made of a –

223. What happen, as an oil clearance in bearings becomes greater?

a. Positive diaphragm c. Non-positive diaphragm

235. The fuel supply in the carburetor bowl is controlled by the –

241. A plugged fuel line would cause an engine to –

16 TDC, NETC 2005

a. Rapid cylinder wears c. Excessive fuel consumption

249. The cetane valve of a diesel fuel is a measure of its –

251. Where is the governor connected on a diesel engine?

253. What filter is designed to meet the greatest filtering quality?

254. What type of injection system is used on a caterpillar diesel engine?

265. The radiator shutters used on large truck are opened by –