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Safe Driving Manual

SAFE DRIVING MANUAL


INDIAN FEDERATION OF ROAD SAFETY

SAFE DRIVING TECHNIQUES


CHECK BEFORE SITTING ON DRIVERS SEAT

Ensure that records of the vehicle are with you


Check the tyre pressure, radiator water or coolant, engine oil, distilled water
levels in battery
Ensure that head lights, signal lights, brake lights clean and operating properly
Make sure that number plates are clean and clearly visible
Clean the wind screen glass
Make sure that there is no obstacle or animal under the vehicle and in front
and rear of the vehicle is clear.

AFTER SITTING ON THE DRIVERS SEAT

Adjust the seat so as all the controls can be operated without discomfort
Fix the seat belt placing the buckle properly or wear the helmet in case of
two wheeler
Adjust the rear view mirror
Ensure that all the doors are closed and locked
Make sure gear is in neutral position

Dont operate self-starter for more than 15 seconds at a time, wait for few seconds
before retry
PRECAUTIONS JUST BEFORE MOVING THE VEHICLE

Check the ammeter, it should show the positive side


Check the engine oil pressure gauge, it should show between 1.5 to 4.8
kg.cm
Check the audiovisual warnings for charging of the battery, engine oil
pressure, for properly closing of the doors and for releasing the hand brake
Ensure that all the doors are closed and locked

The Defensive Driving code


1) Care, courtesy and consideration for other road users.
2) Knowledge of traffic rules and regulations.
3) Alertness for the illegal acts and driving errors of other drivers.
4) Concern for accident prevention regardless of who is in the right.
5) Adjust the driving habit according to the condition of road, traffic and climate
DRIVING ON CANALISED ROADS

Before changing lane, check traffic ahead of you and see in rear view traffic
behind you
Give a turn signal to communicate your intention to change lane
Just before moving into the other lane, quickly glance over your shoulder
and check for any vehicles that may be in your blind spot
On a two-lane road, keep to the left except when you interned to overtake or
turn right or if there is any obstacle on your way
On a four lane road left lane is for slow

SAFE TWO WHEELER DRIVING

Apply both brakes at the same time smoothly for slowing and stopping your
two-wheeler. It is the most efficient way to stop the motorcycle.
Strong breeze, insects or dust can cause sudden, temporary blindness
leading to loss of control over the vehicle. Wear goggles or helmet visors to
protect your eyes.
Never negotiate a corner too fast. Reduce speed before entering the turn.
Dont apply brakes once started taking a turn.
Always shift to lower gear while slowing down. It provides good grip and easy
braking.
Never position yourself in the blind spot of the driver ahead.
Skidding: Skidding occurs as a result of excessive speed and poor judgment
while negotiating corners and avoiding pedestrians and animals. Slippery or
uneven surfaces like oil, water, sand, mud and potholes will affect the
motorcycles road grip and consequently its balance. If your see slippery or
uneven road, slow down before reaching poor road surface. Do not apply
brakes on the slippery road.
Zigzag driving is dangerous; do not attempt to cut lanes. Always show the
proper signal while changing the lane.

ROUNDABOUTS
Most of the towns and city roads of our country have round about junctions, where
there are no traffic lights. Drivers are expected to negotiate them cautiously. These
roundabouts facilitate smooth flow of traffic. While negotiating a roundabout, follow
these rules.

While approaching a roundabout slowdown and give way to the vehicles


already on the roundabout and allow them to go first.
Take left lane or outer lane for left turn. Show the left turn signal before you
leave the roundabout to turn left.
To go straight or take right turn show the right turn signal on the approach of
roundabout. Sue the central or right lane for going straight or taking a right
turn.
Before taking any turn. Show the left turn signal to exit the roundabout.
Vehicles leaving the roundabout has right of way.

PRECAUTIONS AT ROAD JUNCTION AND TURNINGS

When approaching road junction be prepared with your foot off the
acceleration and poised over the brake.

Makeup your mind well in advance of reaching the turning point. Last minute
decisions often cause accidents.
Move to the proper lane well in advance of reaching the intersection.
Do allow space for vehicles for free left turn - do not block the left lane at
junctions where free left is permitted.
Drivers on a minor road must yield to traffic on a major road.
Before passing an intersection, look to the right first, because the traffic
coming from the right will be closer, then look to the left and take one quicker
look to the right.

Control your speed well before entering the curve and shift to the lower gear.
It will help you keep control over the vehicle.
Stay on your own side of the road on left hand curves, never cut the corner
on right hand curve.
Indication for turnings are given 30 meters before the turning
While approaching a road crossing move into the appropriate lane at least
50m before you reaching the junction. i.e., Choose left hand lane if you intend
to turn left, right hand lane when going to the right and center lane when going
to straight.

BLIND SPOTS

Blind spots are danger areas, which cannot be seen by the driver in front or
in rear view mirror.
Avoid driving in someone elses blind spot, speed up or drop back to move
from the other drivers blind spot
Before moving any sideways movement, such as changing lane or passing
another vehicle, quickly turn your head to check for vehicles, which are in
blind spot

REVERSING
Since you cannot see everything behind your vehicle, reversing requires extra
caution. Remember the following tips:

Look at your reversing path before you begin.


Reverse slowly, using mirrors.
As far as possible, turn towards the drivers side turning towards the other
side is dangerous because of limited view behind.
Never reverse from minor side road onto a major road.
Fit reversing light and audio warning signals to your vehicle.
In the case of heavy vehicles take the help of cleaner or conductor

FUNDAMENTALS OF TRAFFIC RULES


OVER TAKING

Pass (over take) all the traffic proceeding in the same direction on the right
side only. If the driver in front is indicated to turn right and road ahead is
clear your may overtake on the left side.

DONT OVER TAKE

If overtaking is likely to cause inconvenience or danger to other traffic


Near a bend or corner or a hill
If the road ahead is not clearly visible
If the driver ahead has not singled to overtake
If the vehicle following your vehicle has begun to overtake your vehicle

OVER TAKING NOT TO BE OBSTRUCTED

The driver shall not prevent the other vehicle from passing his vehicle by
increasing speed or in any other manner.

KEEP LEFT

Always keep left and allow traffic in the opposite direction to pass on the
right.

CAUTION AT ROAD JUNCTION

The driver shall slowdown the vehicle speed when approaching a road
junction or pedestrian crossing or a road corner and shall not enter any
junction or corner in a manner likely to cause danger or inconvenience to
other road users.

GIVE WAY AT ROAD JUNCTION

If the traffic is not regulated at a road junction, the driver shall give way to
the vehicles proceeding along the main road and in other junctions give
way to all traffic approaching the junction on his right hand.

RIGHT OF WAY

The pedestrians have the right of way at uncontrolled pedestrian crossings.

TAKING U TURN

The driver of a motor vehicle shall not take a U-turn where U-turn is
prohibited or on busy traffic roads.

SPEED LIMITS
The general maximum speed limits fixed under M.V. Act
Light motor vehicle (Non transport)
:
No limit
Motor cycles
:
50 KMPH
Lorries, Busses Taxies, Maxi cabs
:
65 KMPH
Articulated Vehicles
:
50 KMPH

The local authorities depending upon traffic or road conditions can fix
lower speed limits.

Restrict your vehicle speed to 25 KMPH when passing a procession or


workman engaged on road repairs.

DRINKING AND DRIVING


A police officer in uniform may arrest any person without warrant, who drives a
motor vehicle under the influence of Alcohol or drugs.

And such person shall be punishable for first offence with imprisonment
for a term first offence with imprisonment for a term up to 6 months or fine
up to Rs. 2,000 or with both; for second or subsequent offence up to 2
years imprisonment or Rs. 3,000 fine or with both.

Drinking alcohol seriously affects your driving and increases the chances of
accident due to following errors:

Failure to take quick and safe decisions.


Driving too fast
Failure to use proper signals
Eye muscles will be relaxed and may not focus properly
Provokes the driver to violate traffic rules
Loss of power to judge the safe following distance, stopping distance and
distance of oncoming vehicle while at the time of overtaking

DUTY OF DRIVER IN CASE OF ACCIDENT


If the vehicle is involved in accident and caused injury to any person or animal or
property, it is the responsibility on the driver of such vehicle

If it is not possible due to mob fury or other reason beyond his control to
take all reasonable steps to secure medical aid for the injured
Person by conveying him to the nearest police station.
Report about the occurrence of the accident at the nearest police station
within 24 hours and give information required by the police officer.
Give the information to the insurer in writing disclosing the particulars of
policy number and date, time, place of accident and injured persons

It shall be the duty every registered medical practitioner or doctor on duty in


hospital immediately attends to the injured person renders medical aid without
waiting for any procedural formalities.

FIRST AID
Your concern may help save an accident victims life. Look after the injured, and
give him/her the needed emergency care. Call the Ambulance and Police Control
Room services.
After the initial inspection of the injured, administer first aid as follows;

Get the injured to relax or rest in a comfortable position. If the injured is


unconscious, there is a possibility of suffocation due to breathing being
blocked by food particles.
If the victim has a head or neck injury, it is not advisable to move him/her
around. Leave him/her to rest until the ambulance and the doctor reach
the spot.
In case of incessant bleeding, a bandage should be tightly tied between
the cut and the heart, to check the blood-flow from the wound.
Preferably, carry a first-aid kit containing a roll of bandage, antiseptic lotion,
cotton, painkiller and Band-Aid.

NO PARKING PLACES
A driver shall not park the vehicle

If it causes danger, obstruction or undue inconvenience to other road


users.
Near a road crossing, a bend, top of hill or hump backed bridge
On a foot path
Near a traffic light or pedestrian crossing.
On a main road one carrying fast traffic
Opposite another parked vehicle
Alongside another parked vehicle
On roads, where there is a continuous white line
Near bus stop, School, or Hospital entrance
Blocking a traffic sign or entrance to premises.
On wrong side of the road.
Where parking is prohibited.

ONE-WAY TRAFFIC

A driver shall not drive a motor vehicle in opposite direction on roads


declared as one-way

STOP LINE ON ROAD SURFACE

A driver of motor vehicle shall not cross the stop line at a road junction or
pedestrian crossing, when a signal being given by a traffic control light or
policeman

USE OF HORN
A driver of motor vehicle shall not;
Use the horn needlessly or continuously
Sound the horn in silent zones
Make use of cut out or with a muffler cause alarming sound
Fit and use multi toned horn giving harsh or loud or alarming noise
OBEY TRAFFIC SIGNS AND SIGNALS
A driver of motor vehicle shall obey;
Direction given by traffic control light or police officer
Any direction indicated by traffic sign or signal fixed at road junction.
DISTANCE FROM VEHICLES IN FRONT

A driver of motor vehicle moving behind another vehicle shall keep at a


sufficient distance from the other vehicles to avoid collision if the vehicle
in front slows down or stops.

DRIVING ON CHANNELIZED ROADS


SINGLE BROKEN

Separations of lanes on which travel in the same direction, with crossing from one
to the other permitted
SINGLE BROKEN

Separations of lanes on which travel is in the opposite direction, and where


overtaking with care is permitted
SINGLE SOLID

Separations of lanes or of a lane and should where lane changing is discouraged


SINGLE SOLID

This line is found on busy main roads and traffic intersection. Here crossing this
line and overtaking is prohibited.
DOUBLE SOLID

Separation of lanes overtaking is prohibited in both directions.


maneuvers across this marking are not permitted.

Right turn

SOLID PLUS BROKEN

This line is found on busy main roads and traffic intersection. Here crossing this
line and overtaking is prohibited.

HAND SIGNALS

About to turn to right


Extend the right arm in a horizontal position outside of the vehicle and hold rigidly
with the palm turned to the front

About to turn to Left


Extend the right arm outside of the vehicle and rotate it in anti-clockwise direction

About to slow down


Extend the right arm outside of the vehicle and with the palm down wards and
move the arm up and down slowly several times

About to stop
Extend the right arm outside of the vehicle and raise forearm vertically with palm
turned o the front

To allow the Vehicle behind you to overtake


Extend the right arm horizontally outside the vehicle and move backward and
forward in semi-circular motion

Road crashes are not road accidents. They are avoidable and need to be stopped.
IFROS works to stop road deaths and provides awareness help and support among road users.
Corporate Identity Number: U63090TG2009NPL063942.
Registered with the Registrar of Companies, MCA. Licensed under section 25 of the Companies Act 1956
Copyright IFROS, and the respective authors.
Disclaimer: IFROS attests the accuracy and integrity of this document.

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