Sie sind auf Seite 1von 11

A

#RE

N
I
T

BS
O
*

G

4HE)NTERNATIONAL"ANKFOR2ECONSTRUCTIONAND$EVELOPMENT4HE7ORLD"ANK
(3TREET.7
7ASHINGTON $#
4ELEPHONE  
)NTERNETWWWWORLDBANKORG
% MAILFEEDBACK WORLDBANKORG
!LLRIGHTSRESERVED

!COPUBLICATIONOFTHE7ORLD"ANKANDTHE)NTERNATIONAL&INANCE#ORPORATION

4HElNDINGS INTERPRETATIONS ANDCONCLUSIONSEXPRESSEDHEREARETHOSEOFTHEAUTHORSANDDONOT


NECESSARILYREmECTTHEVIEWSOFTHE"OARDOF%XECUTIVE$IRECTORSOFTHE7ORLD"ANKORTHEGOVERN
MENTSTHEYREPRESENT
4HE7ORLD"ANKCANNOTGUARANTEETHEACCURACYOFTHEDATAINCLUDEDINTHISWORK4HEBOUNDARIES
COLORS DENOMINATIONS AND OTHER INFORMATION SHOWN ON ANY MAP IN THIS WORK DO NOT IMPLY ON
THEPARTOFTHE7ORLD"ANKANYJUDGMENTOFTHELEGALSTATUSOFANYTERRITORYORTHEENDORSEMENTOR
ACCEPTANCEOFSUCHBOUNDARIES
2IGHTSAND0ERMISSIONS
4HEMATERIALINTHISWORKISCOPYRIGHTED.OPARTOFTHISWORKMAYBEREPRODUCEDORTRANSMITTED
IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL INCLUDING PHOTOCOPYING RECORDING OR
INCLUSIONINANYINFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVALSYSTEM WITHOUTTHEPRIORWRITTENPERMISSIONOF
THE7ORLD"ANK4HE7ORLD"ANKENCOURAGESDISSEMINATIONOFITSWORKANDWILLNORMALLYGRANT
PERMISSIONPROMPTLY
&ORPERMISSIONTOPHOTOCOPYORREPRINT PLEASESENDAREQUESTWITHCOMPLETEINFORMATIONTOTHE
#OPYRIGHT #LEARANCE #ENTER )NC  2OSEWOOD $RIVE $ANVERS -!  53! TELEPHONE
   FAX   WWWCOPYRIGHTCOM
!LLOTHERQUERIESONRIGHTSANDLICENSES INCLUDINGSUBSIDIARYRIGHTS SHOULDBEADDRESSEDTOTHE/F
lCEOFTHE0UBLISHER 7ORLD"ANK (3TREET.7 7ASHINGTON $# FAX  
E MAILPUBRIGHTS WORLDBANKORG
!DDITIONAL COPIES OF $OING "USINESS IN  #REATING *OBS $OING "USINESS IN  2EMOVING
/BSTACLES TO 'ROWTH AND $OING "USINESS IN  5NDERSTANDING 2EGULATION MAY BE PURCHASED AT
HTTPWWWWORLDBANKORGPUBLICATIONS
4OPRESERVEENDANGEREDFORESTSANDNATURALRESOURCES $OING"USINESSINISPRINTEDON

POST CONSUMERRECYCLEDlBERPAPER PROCESSEDCHLORINEFREE
)3".   
)33. 
% )3".   
$/)    
,IBRARYOF#ONGRESS#ATALOGING IN 0UBLICATIONDATAHASBEENAPPLIEDFOR

SS
E
IN

TI

# RE

S
U
"

G
IN 
O
$ 
BS
O
*

IN
NG

!COPUBLICATIONOFTHE7ORLD"ANKANDTHE)NTERNAT
RNATIONAL&INANCE#ORPORATION

4HE)NTERNATIONAL"ANKFOR2ECONSTRUCTIONAND$EVELOPMENT4HE7ORLD"ANK
(3TREET.7
7ASHINGTON $#
4ELEPHONE  
)NTERNETWWWWORLDBANKORG
% MAILFEEDBACK WORLDBANKORG
!LLRIGHTSRESERVED

!COPUBLICATIONOFTHE7ORLD"ANKANDTHE)NTERNATIONAL&INANCE#ORPORATION

4HElNDINGS INTERPRETATIONS ANDCONCLUSIONSEXPRESSEDHEREARETHOSEOFTHEAUTHORSANDDONOT


NECESSARILYREmECTTHEVIEWSOFTHE"OARDOF%XECUTIVE$IRECTORSOFTHE7ORLD"ANKORTHEGOVERN
MENTSTHEYREPRESENT
4HE7ORLD"ANKCANNOTGUARANTEETHEACCURACYOFTHEDATAINCLUDEDINTHISWORK4HEBOUNDARIES
COLORS DENOMINATIONS AND OTHER INFORMATION SHOWN ON ANY MAP IN THIS WORK DO NOT IMPLY ON
THEPARTOFTHE7ORLD"ANKANYJUDGMENTOFTHELEGALSTATUSOFANYTERRITORYORTHEENDORSEMENTOR
ACCEPTANCEOFSUCHBOUNDARIES
2IGHTSAND0ERMISSIONS
4HEMATERIALINTHISWORKISCOPYRIGHTED.OPARTOFTHISWORKMAYBEREPRODUCEDORTRANSMITTED
IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL INCLUDING PHOTOCOPYING RECORDING OR
INCLUSIONINANYINFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVALSYSTEM WITHOUTTHEPRIORWRITTENPERMISSIONOF
THE7ORLD"ANK4HE7ORLD"ANKENCOURAGESDISSEMINATIONOFITSWORKANDWILLNORMALLYGRANT
PERMISSIONPROMPTLY
&ORPERMISSIONTOPHOTOCOPYORREPRINT PLEASESENDAREQUESTWITHCOMPLETEINFORMATIONTOTHE
#OPYRIGHT #LEARANCE #ENTER )NC  2OSEWOOD $RIVE $ANVERS -!  53! TELEPHONE
   FAX   WWWCOPYRIGHTCOM
!LLOTHERQUERIESONRIGHTSANDLICENSES INCLUDINGSUBSIDIARYRIGHTS SHOULDBEADDRESSEDTOTHE/F
lCEOFTHE0UBLISHER 7ORLD"ANK (3TREET.7 7ASHINGTON $# FAX  
E MAILPUBRIGHTS WORLDBANKORG
!DDITIONAL COPIES OF $OING "USINESS IN  #REATING *OBS $OING "USINESS IN  2EMOVING
/BSTACLES TO 'ROWTH AND $OING "USINESS IN  5NDERSTANDING 2EGULATION MAY BE PURCHASED AT
HTTPWWWWORLDBANKORGPUBLICATIONS
4OPRESERVEENDANGEREDFORESTSANDNATURALRESOURCES $OING"USINESSINISPRINTEDON

POST CONSUMERRECYCLEDlBERPAPER PROCESSEDCHLORINEFREE
)3".   
)33. 
% )3".   
$/)    
,IBRARYOF#ONGRESS#ATALOGING IN 0UBLICATIONDATAHASBEENAPPLIEDFOR

#REATINGJOBS
ANOVERVIEW
7HOREFORMEDMOST
7HEREISDOINGBUSINESSEASY
,ESSCOSTLYDOESNOTMEANLESSPROTECTION
-OREREFORMISNEEDEDIN!FRICA
3UCCESSREQUIRESNEWJOBSINTHEFORMALECONOMY

)F YOU WERE OPENING A NEW BUSINESS IN ,AO 0$2 THE
START UP PROCEDURES WOULD TAKE  DAYS )F YOU WERE
OPENINGONEIN3YRIA YOUWOULDHAVETOPUTUP 
INMINIMUMCAPITALTIMESAVERAGEANNUALINCOME
)F YOU WERE BUILDING A WAREHOUSE IN "OSNIA AND (ER
ZEGOVINA THE FEES FOR UTILITY HOOK UP AND COMPLIANCE
WITH BUILDING REGULATIONS WOULD AMOUNT TO  TIMES
AVERAGEINCOME!NDIFYOURANABUSINESSIN'UATEMALA
ITWOULDTAKEYOU DAYSTORESOLVEASIMPLEDISPUTE
IN THE COURTS )F YOU WERE PAYING ALL BUSINESS TAXES IN
3IERRA,EONE THEYWOULDTAKEOFYOURCOMPANYS
GROSSPROlT
3TARTINGABUSINESSISALEAPOFFAITHEVENINTHEBEST
OF CIRCUMSTANCES 'OVERNMENTS SHOULD ENCOURAGE THE
DARING!NDMANYDO)N COUNTRIESTWO THIRDS
OFTHE$OING"USINESS SAMPLEINTRODUCEDREFORMS
TO MAKE IT EASIER TO DO BUSINESS 4HEY SIMPLIlED SOME
ASPECT OF BUSINESS REGULATIONS STRENGTHENED PROPERTY
RIGHTS REDUCEDEXPORTINGANDIMPORTINGCOSTS EASEDTAX

7HOREFORMEDMOST
H
F
D
)N3ERBIAAND-ONTENEGROLEDINMAKINGTHEKINDS
OFREFORMSTHATCANSPURGROWTHINlRMSANDJOBS IM
PROVING IN  OF THE  AREAS STUDIED BY $OING "USINESS
TABLE   4HE CAPITAL REQUIREMENT FOR STARTING A NEW
BUSINESS WAS CUT FROM   EUROS TO  4HE TIME TO
STARTANEWBUSINESSWASREDUCEDFROMDAYSTO!
NEWLABORLAWMADEITEASIERTOHIREWORKERSBYALLOWING
lRMSTOOFFERTERMCONTRACTSRATHERTHANHAVINGTOHIRE
UNDER INDElNITE CONTRACTS EVEN WHEN ADDRESSING TEM
PO A Y EEDS E T E TO ESO VE CO
PORARYNEEDS4HETIMETORESOLVECOMMERCIALDISPUTES
E C A D SPUTES

BURDENSANDINCREASEDACCESSTOCREDIT
3UCHREFORMSALLOWlRMSTOGROWFASTERANDCREATE
MOREJOBS!NINCREASINGNUMBEROFTHOSEJOBSWILLBEIN
THEFORMALECONOMYBECAUSETHEBENElTSOFBEINGFORMAL
SUCHASEASIERACCESSTOCREDITANDBETTERUTILITYSERVICES
OFTENOUTWEIGHTHECOSTSSUCHASTAXES !NDMOREFOR
MALJOBSWILLMEANTHATMOREWORKERSAREPROTECTEDBY
PENSIONS SAFETYREGULATIONSANDHEALTHBENElTS
7OMEN WHONOWMAKEUPTHREE QUARTERSOFWORKERS
INTHEINFORMALSECTOR WILLBEBIGBENElCIARIES3OWILLYOUNG
ANDINEXPERIENCEDWORKERSLOOKINGFORTHEIRlRSTJOB
*OBSAREAPRIORITYFORCOUNTRIESEMERGINGFROMCON
mICT TO ABSORB FORMER SOLDIERS INTO THE WORKFORCE AND
QUICKLY ENABLE FAMILIES TO REBUILD THEIR LIVES 7ITHOUT
JOBSTHEREISAHIGHRISKTHATTHESECOUNTRIESWILLRETURN
TOCONmICT!NDJOBSINTHEFORMALECONOMYAREAPRIOR
ITY FOR COUNTRIES IN !FRICAWHICH HAVE THE MOST OB
STACLESTODOINGBUSINESSANDAREREFORMINGMORESLOWLY
THANANYWHEREELSE

FELLFROM DAYSTO THANKSTOANEWCODEOFCIVIL


PROCEDURE0AYROLLANDSALESTAXWEREREPLACEDBYAVALUE
ADDEDTAX WHICHISEASIERTOCOLLECT4HENUMBEROFNEW
W
REGISTERED FORMAL lRMS IN  JUMPED BY  OVER
THEPREVIOUSYEAR
'EORGIAWASTHERUNNER UPREFORMER!NEWLICENS
INGLAWCUTFROMTOTHENUMBEROFLICENSEDAC
TIVITIES!ONE STOPSHOPWASCREATEDFORLICENSEAPPLICA
TIONS SOTHATNOWBUSINESSESCANSUBMITALLDOCUMENTS
THERE WITHNOVERIlCATIONBYOTHERAGENCIESREQUIRED!
S P EDTAXCODEELIMINATEDOFTAXES!NDTHETIME
SIMPLIl
ED TA CODE E
ATED O
TA ES D T E T E

$/).'"53).%33).

TOREGISTERPROPERTYFELLBY ANDTHECOSTBY
2EGIONALLY THE MOST REFORM TOOK PLACE IN %ASTERN
%UROPE AND #ENTRAL !SIA WHERE EVERY COUNTRY TOOK AT
LEASTONESTEPTOMAKETHINGSEASIERFORBUSINESSlGURE
 -ANYOFTHESEREFORMSWEREDRIVENBYINTEGRATION
WITH THE %UROPEAN 5NION 4HREE %ASTERN %UROPEAN
COUNTRIES3LOVAKIA 2OMANIAAND,ATVIAWEREAMONG
THETOPREFORMERSINSEETABLE AND3LOVAKIA
WASTHELEADINGREFORMERIN!LLHAVEMADEITEAS
IERFORNEWBUSINESSESTOOPEN4HESEEFFORTSAPPEARTOBE
PAYINGOFFINTHENUMBEROFNEWSTART UPSJUMPED
BYIN,ATVIA IN3LOVAKIAANDIN2OMANIA
4HEMOSTCOMMONREFORMSINTHEREGION OCCURRINGIN
HALFTHECOUNTRIES INVOLVEDSIMPLIFYINGTAXADMINISTRA
TIONANDREDUCINGTAXBURDENS%ARLIERREFORMSIN%STO
NIA 2USSIAAND3LOVAKIALEDTHEWAY
3OMEOFTHEBOLDESTREFORMS DRIVINGTHEBIGGESTIM
PROVEMENTSINTHE$OING"USINESS INDICATORS WERE
s 3ERBIAAND-ONTENEGROSSIMPLIlCATIONOFBUSINESS
START UP
s %GYPTSSTREAMLININGOFCUSTOMSPROCEDURESAND
TRADEDOCUMENTS
s "RAZILSIMPROVEMENTSTOBANKRUPTCYLAW
3ERBIA AND -ONTENEGRO MOVED START UP REGISTRA
TIONS FROM ITS COURTS TO A NEW ADMINISTRATIVE REGISTRY
%NTREPRENEURS CAN REGISTER ONLINE AND A hSILENCE IS
CONSENTvRULEENSURESRAPIDAPPROVAL)NADDITION ANEW
UNIlEDELECTRONICDATABASELINKSTHECOMMERCIALCOURTS
STATISTICS BUREAU CUSTOMS OFlCE NATIONAL BANK AND

&)'52%

%VERYCOUNTRYIN%ASTERN%UROPEAND#ENTRAL!SIAREFORMED
#OUNTRIESTHATMADEATLEASTONEREFORMIN 
%ASTERN%UROPE
#ENTRAL!SIA
/%#$
HIGHINCOME
,ATIN!MERICA
#ARIBBEAN
3OUTH!SIA
%AST!SIA
0ACIFIC
-IDDLE%AST
.ORTH!FRICA
3UB 3AHARAN
!FRICA












<X^[LN# -XRWP +^\RWN\\DATABASE


\

MUNICIPALITIES7ITHTHESEREFORMS ACOMPANYCANSTART
OPERATINGINDAYSRATHERTHANlGURE 
%GYPT ESTABLISHED A SINGLE WINDOW FOR TRADE DOCU
MENTATIONANDMERGEDAPPROVALSINTO!TIMELIMIT
OFDAYSFORPASSINGTHROUGHCUSTOMSNOWAPPLIES)M
PROVEMENTSATCUSTOMSWEREPARTOFABROADERREFORMTO
CUTTHENUMBEROFTARIFFBANDSFROMTOANDSIMPLIFYY
INSPECTIONPROCEDURESATTHEBORDER
"RAZILS NEW BANKRUPTCY LAW GIVES INSOLVENT COM
PANIES THE OPTION OF REMAINING OPEN WHILE UNDERGOING
RESTRUCTURING#REDITORSHAVEMOREPOWERTODIRECTREOR
GANIZATIONPROCEEDINGSBYESTABLISHINGCREDITORSCOMMIT
TEES THAT VOTE ON RESTRUCTURING PLANS 3ECURED CREDITORS
NOWGETPREFERENCEOVERTAXCLAIMSWHENASSETSARESOLD

4!",%

4HETOPREFORMERSIN
#OUNTRY
3ERBIAAND
-ONTENEGRO
'EORGIA
6IETNAM
3LOVAKIA
'ERMANY
%GYPT
&INLAND
2OMANIA
,ATVIA
0AKISTAN
2WANDA

3TARTING $EALINGWITH (IRING AND 2EGISTERING


ABUSINESS
LICENSES
lRING
PROPERTY











.ETHERLANDS















'ETTING
CREDIT

0ROTECTING
INVESTORS

0AYING
TAXES



























4RADINGACROSS %NFORCING
BORDERS
CONTRACTS




#LOSINGA
BUSINESS












7X]N# #OUNTRIESARERANKEDONTHENUMBEROFREFORMS7HENCOUNTRIESHAVETHESAMENUMBEROFREFORMS THEYARERANKEDONTHEIMPACTOFTHEREFORMSONTHE -XRWP +^\RWN\\INDICA


\
TORS4HELARGERTHEIMPROVEMENTINRANKINGONEACHSETOFINDICATORS THEHIGHERTHECOUNTRYRANKSASAREFORMER
<X^[LN# -XRWP +^\RWN\\DATABASE
\

#2%!4).'*/"3!./6%26)%7

4HE NEW LAW HALVED THE AVERAGE TIME FOR GOING THROUGH
BANKRUPTCYFROMYEARSTOANDISEXPECTEDTORAISETHE
RECOVERYRATEFROMOFCOMPANYASSETSTO
"UT NOT ALL CHANGES IN $OING "USINESS INDICATORS
WERE FOR THE BETTER )N   COUNTRIES OF THEM
POORMADEITHARDERTODOBUSINESS!MONGTHEM
s -ADAGASCARRAISEDITSMINIMUMCAPITALREQUIREMENT
FOR STARTING A BUSINESS TO   TIMES ANNUAL IN
COMEPERCAPITA
s #HADRAISEDTRANSFERTAXESANDNOTARYFEESFORREGIS
TERINGPROPERTY4AXESANDFEESTOBUYLANDORBUILDINGS
EQUAL  OF THEIR VALUEAMONG THE HIGHEST LEVELS IN
THEWORLD
s -AURITANIA RAISED ITS CORPORATE INCOME TAX RATE FROM
TOTHEONLYCOUNTRYTOINCREASETHISTAXIN

&)'52% 
&)'52%

-AKINGENTRYEASIERIN3ERBIAAND-ONTENEGRO
4IMETOSTARTUP DAYS






4IMEREDUCED
FROMDAYSTO







0ROCEDURESREDUCED
FROMTO




0ROCEDURES

<X^[LN# -XRWP +^\RWN\\DATABASE


\

7HEREISDOINGBUSINESSEASY
.EW:EALANDHASTHEMOSTBUSINESS FRIENDLYREGULATION
INTHEWORLD ASMEASUREDBYTHE $OING"USINESS INDICA
TORSTABLE 3INGAPOREISTHERUNNER UP4HE5NITED
3TATES IS THIRD &IVE OTHER %AST !SIAN COUNTRIES(ONG
+ONG #HINA *APAN 4HAILAND -ALAYSIA AND +OREA
AREAMONGTHETOP3OARETHE"ALTICCOUNTRIES,ITH
UANIA %STONIAAND,ATVIA4HEIRRANKINGISAREMARKABLE
ACHIEVEMENT ASONLYADECADEHASPASSEDSINCETHEYlRST
BEGANREFORMS
"UT THE RANKINGS ON THE EASE OF DOING BUSINESS
ALSO SHOW THAT MANY REFORMERS STILL HAVE A LONG WAY
TOGO!LTHOUGH%ASTERN%UROPEWASTHETOPREFORMING
REGION SOME OF ITS COUNTRIES STILL RANK POORLY ON THE
EASEOFDOINGBUSINESS&OREXAMPLE 3ERBIAAND-ON
TENEGROSRANKIS #ROATIASISAND5KRAINES
%GYPT ANOTHER TOP REFORMER IN  RANKS  !ND
)NDIA THOUGH MAKING BIG GAINS ON COLLATERAL RECOVERY
ANDEASEOFREGISTERINGPROPERTY RANKSPLACES
BEHIND#HINA
2ANKINGSONTHEEASEOFDOINGBUSINESSDONOTTELL
THEWHOLESTORY4HEINDICATORISLIMITEDINSCOPE)TDOES
NOTACCOUNTFORACOUNTRYSPROXIMITYTOLARGEMARKETS
QUALITY OF INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES OTHER THAN SERVICES
RELATEDTOTRADINGACROSSBORDERS THESECURITYOFPROP
ERTYFROMTHEFTANDLOOTING MACROECONOMICCONDITIONS
OR THE UNDERLYING STRENGTH OF INSTITUTIONS 4HUS WHILE
*AMAICA RANKS CLOSE AT  ON THE EASE OF DOING BUSI
NESS TO &RANCE AT  THIS DOES NOT MEAN THAT BUSI
NESSES ARE BETTER OFF OPERATING IN +INGSTON RATHER THAN
IN 0ARIS #RIME AND MACROECONOMIC IMBALANCES
ISSUES
SSUES NOT
OT DIRECTLY
D ECT Y STUDIED
STUD ED IN $OING
OING "USINESS
USINESSMAKE
A E

*AMAICAALESSATTRACTIVEDESTINATIONFORINVESTMENT
"UT A HIGH RANKING ON THE EASE OF DOING BUSINESS
DOESMEANTHATTHEGOVERNMENTHASCREATEDAREGULATORY
Y
ENVIRONMENT CONDUCIVE TO THE OPERATION OF BUSINESS
/FTEN IMPROVEMENTS ON THE $OING "USINESS INDICATORS
PROXYFORBROADERREFORMSTOLAWSANDINSTITUTIONS WHICH
AFFECTMORETHANTHEADMINISTRATIVEPROCEDURESANDTHE
TIMEANDCOSTTOCOMPLYWITHBUSINESSREGULATION
4!",% 

4OPECONOMIESONTHEEASEOFDOINGBUSINESS






.EW:EALAND
3INGAPORE
5NITED3TATES
#ANADA
.ORWAY












!USTRALIA
(ONG+ONG #HINA
$ENMARK
5NITED+INGDOM
*APAN
)RELAND
)CELAND
&INLAND
3WEDEN
,ITHUANIA

















%STONIA
3WITZERLAND
"ELGIUM
'ERMANY
4HAILAND
-ALAYSIA
0UERTO2ICO
-AURITIUS
.ETHERLANDS
#HILE
,ATVIA
+OREA
3OUTH!FRICA
)SRAEL
3PAIN

7X]N# 4HERANKINGSFORALLECONOMIESAREBENCHMARKEDTO*ANUARYANDREPORTED
INTHE#OUNTRYTABLES4HEEASEOFDOINGBUSINESSAVERAGESCOUNTRYRANKINGSACROSSTHE
TOPICSCOVERED IN -XRWP +^\RWN\\ RW 4HISYEARSRANKINGSARENOTCOMPARABLE

TOLASTYEARSASTHREENEWSETSOFINDICATORSONDEALINGWITHLICENSES PAYINGTAXES
ANDTRADINGACROSSBORDERSHAVEBEENINCLUDED3EETHE$ATANOTESFORDETAILS
<X^[LN# -XRWP +^\RWN\\\ DATABASE

$/).'"53).%33).

,ESSCOSTLYDOESNOTMEANLESSPROTECTION
(AVINGAHIGHRANKINGONTHEEASEOFDOINGBUSINESSDOES
NOTMEANTHATACOUNTRYHASNOREGULATION&EWWOULD
ARGUETHATITISEVERYBUSINESSFORITSELFIN.EW:EALAND
THATWORKERSAREABUSEDIN#ANADAORTHATCREDITORSSEIZE
DEBTORSASSETSWITHOUTAFAIRPROCESSINTHE.ETHERLANDS
!ND TO PROTECT THE RIGHTS OF CREDITORS AND INVESTORS AS
WELLASESTABLISHORUPGRADECREDITREGISTRIES MOREREGU
LATIONRATHERTHANLESSISNEEDEDTOMAKETHETOPLIST
!LL THE TOP RANKING COUNTRIES REGULATE BUSINESSES
BUTTHEYDOSOINLESSCOSTLYANDBURDENSOMEWAYS#ON
SIDERTHE.ORDICCOUNTRIES ALLOFWHICHAREONTHETOP
LIST.ORWAY $ENMARK )CELAND &INLAND
 AND3WEDEN 4HESECOUNTRIESDONOTREGULATE
TOOLITTLE)NSTEAD THEYHAVESIMPLEREGULATIONSTHATALLOW
BUSINESSES TO BE PRODUCTIVE AND FOCUS INTERVENTION

-OREREFORMISNEEDEDIN!FRICA
F
D D
F
)FREFORMERSOFBUSINESSREGULATIONIN!FRICAARESEEK
INGANEXAMPLE THEYSHOULDLOOKNEARBYTO2WANDA
)N  NEW COMPANY AND LABOR LAWS MADE IT EASIER
TOSTARTBUSINESSESANDHIREWORKERS4HENEXTYEARTHE
GOVERNMENT BEGAN LAND TITLING REFORM !ND IN 
2WANDA WAS AMONG THE TOP  REFORMERS SEE TABLE
  #USTOMS PROCEDURES WERE STREAMLINED AND THE
CREDIT REGISTRY IMPROVED *UDICIAL PROCEDURES WERE
ALSO SIMPLIlED EXPEDITING CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT 4HE
COUNTRYS PRESIDENT HAS EXPLAINED THE IMPORTANCE OF
COURT REFORM h!S THE SAYING GOES JUSTICE DELAYED IS
JUSTICEDENIED/URCOURTSARECLOGGEDWITHANEVER IN
CREASINGBACKLOGOFCASES SOMEOFWHICHDATEBACK
YEARSORMORE4HERICH POWERFULANDWELLCONNECTED
GET PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT    /NE OF THE BOTTLENECKS
THATOURPROGRAMOFNATIONALRECONSTRUCTIONFACESISA
MALFUNCTIONINGLEGALSYSTEMv 3INCEINITIATINGREFORM
2WANDA HAS HAD ECONOMIC GROWTH AVERAGING  A
YEARAMONGTHEHIGHESTLEVELSIN!FRICA
4HERE ARE OTHER 3UB 3AHARAN SUCCESS STORIES )N
.IGERIAINTRODUCEDREFORMS INVOLVINGBUSINESS
ENTRY LABOR PRACTICES AND CREDIT INFORMATION -AURI
TIUS WITHARANKOFAMONGTHEEASIESTPLACESTODO
BUSINESS MADEREFORMS3OUTH!FRICARANKSONTHE
EASEOFDOINGBUSINESSAND.AMIBIA 4HESECOUN
TRIES CAN
TRIES
CAN INSPIRE
INSPIRE OTHERS
OTHERS IN
IN THE
THE REGION
REGION JUST
JUST AS
AS *APAN
*APANSS

WHEREITCOUNTSPROTECTINGPROPERTYRIGHTSANDPROVID
INGSOCIALSERVICES
4HE.ORDICCOUNTRIESHAVEMODERATETOHIGHBUSI
NESSTAXESOFGROSSPROlTIN&INLANDAND)CELAND
IN3WEDENANDIN.ORWAY9ETJUSTOFECO
NOMICACTIVITYOCCURSINUNREGISTEREDINFORMALSECTOR
BUSINESSES4HEREASONISTHATBUSINESSESRECEIVEEXCELLENT
PUBLICSERVICESFORWHATTHEYPAY&OREXAMPLE $ENMARKK
HASTHEWORLDSBESTINFRASTRUCTURE.ORWAYRANKSHIGH
EST ON THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX PRODUCED BY THE
5NITED.ATIONS$EVELOPMENT0ROGRAMME WITH3WEDEN
RIGHTBEHINDIT)NTHESECOUNTRIES ASWELLASTHERESTOF
F
THE TOP  REFORMERS DO NOT HAVE TO CHOOSE BETWEEN
MAKINGITEASYTODOBUSINESSANDPROVIDINGSOCIALPRO
TECTION4HEYHAVEFOUNDAWAYTODOBOTH

SUCCESSMOTIVATEDREFORMERSELSEWHEREIN%AST!SIAAND
#HILESSUCCESSHASENERGIZEDITS,ATIN!MERICANNEIGH
BORS3OME!FRICANGOVERNMENTSARERESPONDING WITH
AMBITIOUS REFORMS PLANNED IN "URKINA &ASO ,ESOTHO
AND-ALAWI AMONGOTHERS
2EFORMISSORELYNEEDED%NTREPRENEURSFACEMORE
REGULATORYOBSTACLESIN!FRICATHANINANYOTHERREGION
9ET IN  REFORM WAS SLOWER THERE THAN IN OTHER
REGIONS lGURE   4HE  7EST !FRICAN COUNTRIES
MANAGED JUST  REFORMS #AMEROON IMPOSED A  DAYY
LIMITONCUSTOMSCLEARANCE AND#TED)VOIREENABLED
EMPLOYERS TO REGISTER WORKERS WITH THE SOCIAL SECURITYY
FUND IN  DAY DOWN FROM  WEEKS!CROSS THE REGION
FOREVERYCOUNTRIESTHATIMPROVEDREGULATION MADE
ITMOREBURDENSOME
&)'52%

!FRICAHADTHELOWESTREFORMINTENSITYIN
2EFORMINTENSITYAVERAGENUMBEROFREFORMSPERCOUNTRY
3UB 3AHARAN
!FRICA
-IDDLE%AST
.ORTH!FRICA
,ATIN!MERICA
#ARIBBEAN
%AST!SIA
0ACIFIC
3OUTH!SIA
/%#$
HIGHINCOME
%ASTERN%UROPE
#ENTRAL!SIA




<X^[LN# -XRWP +^\RWN\\DATABASE


\









#2%!4).'*/"3!./6%26)%7

3UCCESSREQUIRESNEWJOBSINTHEFORMALECONOMY
F

&)'52%

3TARTINGABUSINESSISTHEMAINWAYOUTOFPOVERTY

h&IRST )WOULDLIKETOHAVEWORKOFANYKIND vSAYSAN


YEAR OLD%CUADORANIN 6OICESOFTHE0OOR A7ORLD"ANK
SURVEYCAPTURINGTHEPERSPECTIVESOFPOORPEOPLEAROUND
THE WORLD 0EOPLE KNOW HOW TO ESCAPE POVERTY lGURE
 7HATTHEYNEEDISTOlNDADECENTJOB3TUDIESCON
lRMTHISTHEVASTMAJORITYOFPEOPLEWHOESCAPEFROM
POVERTYDOSOBYSTARTINGTHEIROWNBUSINESSORlNDING
WORKINANEXISTINGONE
"ETTER PERFORMANCE ON THE EASE OF DOING BUSINESS
IS ASSOCIATED WITH MORE JOBS lGURE   .EW :EALAND
THEGLOBALLEADERONTHEEASEOFDOINGBUSINESS HAS
UNEMPLOYMENT)N'REECE THE/%#$COUNTRYWITHTHE
WORSTRANKING ON $OING"USINESSINDICATORS UNEM
PLOYMENTIS
%ARLIER STUDIES CONlRM THIS PATTERN 1UARTERLY JOB
CREATION IN 0ORTUGAL ONE OF THE MOST HEAVILY REGULATED
LABOR MARKETS IS  OF THAT IN THE 5NITED 3TATES ON
A PER CAPITA BASIS ! 0ORTUGUESE BUSINESS IS  LESS
LIKELYTHANA53ONETOCREATEJOBSDURINGANECONOMIC
UPTURN 3UCHJOBLESSRECOVERIESARECOMMONTOHEAVILY
REGULATEDMARKETSANDMEANTHATSOMEPEOPLEREMAIN
WITHOUTWORKFORLONGPERIODS
%NORMOUS OPPORTUNITIES EXIST FOR CREATING JOBS )F
#ROATIAADOPTEDTHEBUSINESSENVIRONMENTOF$ENMARK
ALLELSEBEINGEQUAL ANALYSISSUGGESTSTHATUNEMPLOYMENT
COULDFALLBYUPTOPERCENTAGEPOINTSSEElGURE )F
!RGENTINAADOPTED$ANISH STYLEBUSINESSREGULATIONAND
PROPERTYRIGHTSPROTECTION ANALYSISSUGGESTSTHATUNEM
PLOYMENTCOULDFALLBYUPTOPERCENTAGEPOINTS
"UT WHERE REGULATIONS ARE COSTLY AND BURDENSOME
BUSINESSESOFTENOPERATEINTHEINFORMALECONOMYAND
REMAIN SMALL CREATING FEW JOBS #ONSIDER AN EXAMPLE

7AYSPERCEIVEDASEFFECTIVE OFRESPONDENTS
3TARTA
BUSINESS
&INDAJOBINAN
EXISTINGFIRM
7ORK
ONTHEFARM
'ETCREDIT

7/-%.
-%.

'OTOSCHOOL
-IGRATE












FROM "URKINA &ASO 4HERE /UMAROU RUNS A FOOD SUP


PLY BUSINESS (E WOULD LIKE TO MOVE INTO THE FORMAL
ECONOMYSOTHATHECANSERVELARGERCUSTOMERS WHODE
MANDVALUEADDEDTAXRECEIPTS"UTREGISTERINGABUSINESS
REQUIRESMINIMUMCAPITALEQUALTONEARLYTIMESANNUAL
INCOMEPERCAPITA&EESALONECOSTTIMESINCOMEPER
CAPITA4OGETABANKLOAN/UMAROUWOULDHAVETOPUT
UPALARGEAMOUNTOFCOLLATERAL"UTHEHASNEVERREGIS
TEREDHISPROPERTY BECAUSEDOINGSOWOULDREQUIREFEES
EQUALTOOFITSVALUE)NTHEFACEOFSUCHOBSTACLES
/UMAROUKEEPSHISBUSINESSINFORMALANDSMALL(EIS
NOTALONEINACOUNTRYOFMORETHANMILLIONPEOPLE
ONLY WORKINTHEFORMALSECTOR
2EFORM CAN CHANGE THIS )MPROVING A COUNTRYS
$OING"USINESS INDICATORSTOTHELEVELOFTHETOPQUARTILE
IS ASSOCIATED WITH A  PERCENTAGE POINT FALL IN THE SHARE
OF'$0ACCOUNTEDFORBYINFORMALACTIVITYlGURE )N

&)'52%

'REATEREASEOFDOINGBUSINESSISASSOCIATEDWITHFEWERUNEMPLOYED

,EASTDIFFICULT



7X]N## "ASEDONINTERVIEWSWITH POORPEOPLEINMORETHANCOUNTRIES


<X^[LN# .ARAYANANDOTHERS 

-OSTDIFFICULT

#OUNTRIESRANKEDBYEASEOFDOINGBUSINESS QUINTILES
7X]N# 2ELATIONSHIPSARESIGNIFICANTATLEVELANDREMAINSIGNIFICANTWHENCONTROLLINGFORINCOMEPERCAPITA
<X^[LN# -XRWP +^\RWN\\DATABASE ),/ 
\

,EASTDIFFICULT

-OSTDIFFICULT

$/).'"53).%33).

&)'52%

'REATEREASEOFDOINGBUSINESSISASSOCIATEDWITHLESSINFORMALITY

)MPLIED SHARE

,EASTDIFFICULT

-OSTDIFFICULT

,EASTDIFFICULT

-OSTDIFFICULT

#OUNTRIESRANKEDBYEASEOFDOINGBUSINESS QUINTILES
7X]N# 2ELATIONSHIPSARESIGNIFICANTATLEVELANDREMAINSIGNIFICANTWHENCONTROLLINGFORINCOMEPERCAPITA
<X^[LN# -XRWP +^\RWN\\DATABASE 3CHNEIDER 7%& 
\

OTHERWORDS REFORMEXPANDSTHEREACHOFREGULATIONBY
BRINGINGBUSINESSESANDEMPLOYEESINTOTHEFORMALSECTOR
&EMALEANDYOUNGWORKERSWOULDBENElTTHEMOST
FROM THESE CHANGES "OTH GROUPS ACCOUNT FOR A LARGE
SHAREOFTHEUNEMPLOYEDlGURE ANDBURDENSOME
REGULATIONS SIGNIlCANTLY AFFECT THEIR JOB OPPORTUNITIES
)N )RAN FOR EXAMPLE AN EMPLOYER CANNOT WRITE A TERM
CONTRACTUNLESSTHEJOBISSEASONAL!NDWOMENARENOT
ALLOWED TO WORK MORE THAN  HOURS A DAY .OT COIN
CIDENTALLY ONLY  OF WOMEN IN THE LABOR FORCE ARE
FORMALLYEMPLOYED
'OVERNMENTS IN CONmICT AFFECTED COUNTRIES ARE ES
&)'52%

9OUTHUNEMPLOYMENTHIGHESTINTHE-IDDLE%AST
5NEMPLOYMENTRATE

&%-!,%9/54(

!,,9/54(

-IDDLE%AST
.ORTH!FRICA
,ATIN!MERICA
#ARIBBEAN
%ASTERN%UROPE
#ENTRAL!SIA
3UB 3AHARAN
!FRICA
/%#$
HIGHINCOME
3OUTH!SIA
%AST!SIA
0ACIFIC

<X^[LN## ),/ 









PECIALLY HARD PRESSED TO CREATE JOBS #ONTINUED PEACE


DEPENDSONDEMOBILIZINGREBELARMIESANDlNDINGLIVELI
HOODSFORTHOUSANDSOFREFUGEESANDFORMERCOMBATANTS
4HISYEAR $OING"USINESS STUDIESCONmICT AFFECTEDCOUN
TRIES!FGHANISTAN %RITREA )RAQ 3UDANAND4IMOR ,ESTE
!MONGTHESE !FGHANISTANWASTHETOPREFORMERIN
4HENUMBEROFENTRYPROCEDURESFORNEWBUSINESSESWAS
CUTFROMTO ANDTHETIMETOCOMPLETETHEPROCESS
FROMDAYSTO4RANSPORTINFRASTRUCTUREONMAJOR!F
GHANTRADINGROUTESWASIMPROVED0ROPERTYRECORDSARE
BEING COMPILED AND DIGITIZEDPROVIDING THE BASE FOR
ANEWPROPERTYREGISTRYEVENTHOUGHTHERECORDSCOVER
ONLY A QUARTER OF THE COUNTRY  4HERE ARE ALSO PLANS TO
ESTABLISHACREDITREGISTRY OWNEDBYTHECENTRALBANKAND
PRIVATECOMMERCIALBANKS0ROPERTYANDCREDITREGISTRIES
WILLMAKEITEASIERFORCREDITORSTOPROVIDELOANS
3UCCESSFULREGULATORYREFORMSABOUND WITHPAYOFFS
FOR JOB CREATION 3INCE  3LOVAKIAS REFORMS HAVE
HELPED CUT THE NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED BY   )N
#OLOMBIA REFORMS OF EMPLOYMENT AND BUSINESS START
UP REGULATIONS HAVE CREATED   JOBS IN THE FORMAL
ECONOMY !NOTHER SUCCESS STORY COMES FROM 0ERU
WHERE IN THE PAST DECADE THE GOVERNMENT HAS ISSUED
PROPERTYTITLESTOMILLIONURBANHOUSEHOLDS3ECURE
PROPERTYRIGHTSHAVEENABLEDPARENTSTOlNDJOBSRATHER
THAN STAYING HOME TO PROTECT THEIR PROPERTY 3IMILARLY
CHILDREN CAN NOW ATTEND SCHOOL !S A RESULT THE INCI
DENCEOFCHILDLABORHASFALLENBYNEARLY

#2%!4).'*/"3!./6%26)%7

.OTES







$ElNEDASSALESLESSMATERIALANDLABORCOST
7%& 
5.$0 
+AGAME P 
3EEALSO&IELDSANDOTHERS 
"LANCHARDAND0ORTUGAL 

 (OLMES 
 !NALYSISBASEDONCROSS COUNTRYREGRESSIONCONTROLLINGFOR
THESTANDARDVARIABLESUSEDINTHELABORLITERATURE
 3LOVAK3TATISTICAL/FlCE 
 %CHEVERRYAND-ARIA 
 &IELD 

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen