Turbine Control

Fundamentals

Gas Turbine

Start-up Fuel Control

Open loop control
4 parameters used to define the STARTUP FSR
(fuel stroke reference).

- FIRE
- Warm Up
- Acceleration FSR increase rate
(FSR%/min.)
- Max. Acceleration FSR value

Minimum Selector Philosopy

Speed pick-ups

Speed Control

Start-up Schedule
25

FIRE
ACCELERATE

20

FSR%

15

e
t
a
R
Acc.

WARM-UP

10

0
-10

10

30

50

70

90

Time (sec)

110

130

150

170

Start-up recording

Spark Plugs & Flame detectors

Combustion Chamber

Startup Control (fuel sched.)

Trip Recording

LCF normal stop control

Normal Stop (LCF)

Fuel Gas
System

Fuel Gas Control System

Intervalve Pressure
Transducer

Ring Manifold

96
FG
96FG
Strainer

SRV

GCV

Gas Supply
Dual LVDT's
Combustors
Hydraulic
Trip Solenoid

Three Coils
Servo Valves
Trip Oil

Speed Ratio Valve (SRV)

300

Intervalve Pressure
Transducer

250
200

96FG

150

P2
(PSIG)

100

SRV

50

Fire

P2
LVDT's

-50
0

20

40

60

-100

TNH %

80

100

120

MK V

Moog Servo Valve

TNH
GT Speed

Speed-Ratio Valve (SRV)

SRV Positioning Loop

P2

Integrator
SRV

Current Buffer

Pressure
Setpoint

K
SW

Moog coil

Comparator
Position set / feedback
HW
LVDT's feedback

Gas Control Valve

GCV Positioning
Loop

GCV

Gas Control
Valve
Position

SW

Current Buffer

Setpoint

Moog coil

Comparator
Position set / feedback
HW
LVDT's feedback

Servo Valve
(Moog)

Moog

Liquid Fuel Control

SystemRelief Valve
Fuel Pump
Filter

Flow Divider

Solenoid
Trip Valve
Bypass Valve
n. Fuel Nozzles

Trip Oil
Position
Controller
3 Speed Pickups
on two gears
Flow
Control
Fuel Stroke Ref.

Multiplier

Turbine Speed

Liquid Fuel Pressure Indicator

Liquid Fuel System

Dual Fuel Transfer

Schedule
Signal Level
FSR
Total fuel command
Gas Fuel Command

Liquid Fuel Command

Start

Filling

30

Transfer

60

sec.

Acceleration Control
Back-up Acceleration control during all the
operations with different allowed limits:
- Fix limit at operative speed and initial
phase of start-up
(tipically 1%/sec).
-Variable limit during start-up acceleration
period (after Fire and Warm-up)

Acceleration
Limitation
1,40
1,20
1,00

Acc.
0,80
%/sec.
0,60
0,40
0,20
0,00
0

20

40

60

TNH %

80

100

Max. Acceleration
Curve
100,00
90,00
80,00

1 %/sec.

GT Speed

70,00

TNH %

0.31 %/sec

60,00
50,00

Accel. limitation

40,00
30,00
20,00

0.11 %/sec

10,00
0,00
0,00

2,00

4,00

6,00

8,00

Time (min.)

10,00

12,00

14,00

Termocouples Disposition

Turb.
Compr.

TC

Exh. Gas Flow

Exhaust Plenum

Termocouples
Disposition

Temperature Control
Theory

Temperature Control Theory

Combustor

Exh.

Compr.
2

Constant Firing Temperature

Temp.

Tf

3
P2
4

CTDA
2
Turb.
1

P1

1
Ta

Entropy

Tx

Temperature Control Theory

Tb = GE firing temperature

Temperature Control Theory

Control Curve Mantains Constant

Firing Temperature Over the
Ambient operating Range by
Adjusting Exhaust Temperature
as a Function of Compressor
Discharge Pressure

Temperature Control Theory

Exh.
Exh.

Constant Firing Temperature

3'
3

Temp.

P2'

1'

4'

4
4'

P2
2'

Temp.

ISO Day
Min. Tamb.

1
Ta

Entropy

3'

Compressor Discharge
Pressure

Inlet Guide Vanes

(IGV)

IGV Temperature Control

Temperature Limitation Control

IGV Operating Curves

FSR Temperature Control

Temperature Protection Curve

1150

1100

1050

TTRX
1000

950

900
50

70

90

110

130

150

170

190

CPD or FSR
BASE

ALARM

TRIP

ISO-TRIP

210

Load Control (Generator Driver)

Constant Settable Droop
Droop
Isochronous
load control
Synchronizing
Synchro-check

Load Control

Speed Load Control

Speed Control

Cooling and sealing air

Bearing Cooling

Wheelspaces
TC

Bearing Temperatures RTD/TC

Bearing Temperatures RTD/TC

Water Wash System

Inlet Filter DP control