Connected Manufacturing Forum

Connected Manufacturing Forum
Ethernet 102
Unrestricted Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.
usa.siemens.com/industry
Validating a production network
Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Page 2
US I PD PA CI
Validating a production network
Office Network
Production Network
Page 3
US I PD PA CI
Differences between Office and Industrial Networks
Industry
Office
Environment
Harsh environment
temperature, moisture, EMI
Climate-controlled offices
Installation
Field-preparable cables
Pre-fabricated cables
Topology
Plant-specific structure
line, star, ring, tree
Star-shaped structure
Availability
No Network downtimes
Downtimes up to several
minutes
Redundancy Mechanism
MRP, High Speed Redundancy,

Standby
Link aggregation, RSTP, MSTP
Network Administration
Engineer
Certified IT specialist

Page 4
US I PD PA CI
Plantwide Network Architectures
Management
level
IT Network
MSTP/RSTP
VRRP Routing
Operations
level
10 Gigabit Ring
Control
level
Gigabit
Ring
Gigabit
Ring
Standby coupling
Field
level
Fast Ethernet
Ring

Page 5
US I PD PA CI
Additional protocols increase need for Gigabit

The use of Ethernet as medium at the plantfloor opens the door for further use
with different traffic types, i.e.
Voice
Video
One camera can easily reach 10Mbit/s, not much room in Fast Ethernet.
Page 6
US I PD PA CI
Future proofing your backbone: Use Gigabit!

The use of Gigabit offers 10x higher speeds as Fast Ethernet.
Especially for Backbones the use of Gigabit is highly recommended
Gigabit
Gigabit
Mbit/s
Fast Fast Ethernet
Ethernet
0
500
Bandwidth
1000
1500
Time to transfer 1 Gbyte
Faster transfer of production data increases performance/ saves cost

Page 7
US I PD PA CI
Future proofing your backbone: Use Gigabit!

The use of Gigabit offers 10x higher speeds as Fast Ethernet.
Especially for Backbones the use of Gigabit is highly recommended
Gigabit
Gigabit
Gigabit
Mbit/s
Fast Fast Ethernet
Time (s)
Fast Ethernet
Ethernet
0
500
Bandwidth
1000
1500
50
100
Time to transfer 1 Gbyte
Faster transfer of production data increases performance/ saves cost

Page 8
US I PD PA CI
Establish a Network Infrastructure
Field
level
Fast Ethernet
Ring
Growing number of
Ethernet end devices
with transmission rates
of 100 Mbps and 1000
Mbps
Field level requirements:

100Mbit/s or 1Gbit/s
Integration into automation diagnostic
Easy setup and replacement
PROFINET process diagnostics and system diagnostics
Redundancy mechanisms
Traffic management for multicast applications

Page 9
US I PD PA CI
Establish a Network Infrastructure
Field
level
Fast Ethernet
Ring
Growing number of
Mbps
Field level requirements:

100Mbit/s or 1Gbit/s
Integration into automation diagnostic
Easy setup and replacement
PROFINET process diagnostics and system diagnostics
Redundancy mechanisms
Traffic management for multicast applications

Page 10
US I PD PA CI
Network availability - Requirement

Network topology in the production must be especially
reliable and fail-proof.
Reliable networks capable of withstanding failures are achieved by:
Reliable devices
Fault-tolerant systems
Redundancy
The network should have a topology that allows

fast recovery following a fault.

Page 11
US I PD PA CI
Network availability - Solutions

Line-Redundancy:
Device-Redundancy:

Page 12
US I PD PA CI
Network availability - Problem

Problem: Loops!
If there are loops in a network, Broadcast-Frames will circle around the loop.
This causes a very high network load, which makes all useful communication
impossible.
In Ethernet Networks, Loops are not allowed!

Page 13
US I PD PA CI
Network availability Redundancy methods

Layer 2 - Redundancy:
Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP - IEC 62439-2)
High Speed Redundancy Protocol (HRP - SIEMENS)
Standby-Connection (SIEMENS)
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP - IEEE 802.1d)
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP - IEEE 802.1d-2004)
Passive Listening (Siemens)
RSTP Big Network Support (IEEE 802.1d-2004 - SIEMENS)
Link-Aggregation (LACP)
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP - IEEE 802.1s)
Media Redundancy Protocol Duplication (MRPD - IEC 61158)
Redundant Network Access (RNA - SIEMENS)
- Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP - IEC 62439-3)
- High Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR / HaSaR - according to IEC 62439-3)
Layer 3-Redundancy
Dynamic Routing (RIP, OSPF)
Redundant-Router (HSRP/VRRP)

Page 14
US I PD PA CI
Ring Redundancy mechanisms

A managed switch has parameter settings for a redundancy manager that opens
the ring to prevent circulating frames (loops).
In terms of data transmission, the ring topology becomes a linear bus.
RM

Page 15
US I PD PA CI
Ring Redundancy mechanisms

A managed switch has parameter settings for a redundancy manager that opens
the ring to prevent circulating frames (loops).
In terms of data transmission, the ring topology becomes a linear bus.
High Speed Redundancy Protocol (HRP):
typical reconfiguration <300ms with up to 50 ring nodes
Media Redundancy Protocol (MRP):
typical reconfiguration <200ms with up to 50 ring nodes
RM

Page 16
US I PD PA CI
High Availability Networks with HRP

Page 17
US I PD PA CI
Failure of one link can be bypassed

by switching to redundant link
Use/Close the ring

Page 18
US I PD PA CI
Redundancy
Redundancy Manager sends

continuous Watchdog-Packets into
the network to check communication
Manager (RM)

Page 19
US I PD PA CI
Redundancy
Manager (RM)

Page 20
US I PD PA CI
Normally no data packets are

transmitted over the redundant
link.
Redundancy
Manager (RM)
Only Watchdog-Packets are

forwarded

Page 21
US I PD PA CI
Redundancy
Manager (RM)

Page 22
US I PD PA CI
As soon as the redundancy

manager receives no more
Watchdog-Packets, the redundant
path will be activated immediately.
Redundancy
Manager (RM)
ACTIVE

Page 23
US I PD PA CI
Redundancy
Manager (RM)
ACTIVE

Page 24
US I PD PA CI

Note:
Even if the redundancy
manager fails, the ring
becomes a functioning
linear bus.
When the failed link goes active

again, the redundancy manager
switches back to normal operation
Redundancy
Manager (RM)

Page 25
US I PD PA CI
Its Easy:
How to configure High Speed Redundancy

Page 26
US I PD PA CI
Plant Wide Network Architectures
Control
level
Gigabit
Ring
Gigabit
Ring
Standby coupling
Division of large
Ethernet networks into
smaller networks with
their own IP address
spaces (subnets) and
to allow creation of
VLANs
Control level requirements:

Network speed 1 Gbit/s
Support for IT-features like IGMP, VLAN
Modularity for flexible applications
Standby functionality for redundant ring interconnections

Page 27
US I PD PA CI
Control
level
Gigabit
Ring
Gigabit
Ring
Standby coupling
Division of large
VLANs


Page 28
US I PD PA CI
Control
level
Gigabit
Ring
Gigabit
Ring
Standby coupling
Division of large
VLANs


Page 29
US I PD PA CI
Types of Network Traffic
Unicast:
Telegram from one
device to exactly
one other device
Source
Target

Page 30
US I PD PA CI
Types of Network Traffic
Unicast:
Telegram from one
device to exactly
one other device
Source
Target
Multicast:
Telegram from one
device to several
devices
Source
Target 1
Broadcast:
Telegram from one
device to all devices
Target 2
...
Target n

Page 31
US I PD PA CI
Difference between Unicast and Multicast
Unicast
A
A
Video
Server
CC
Switch
Multicast
A
B
A
A
Video
Server
Page 32
Switch
C
US I PD PA CI
Difference between Unicast and Multicast
Unicast
A
A
Video
Server
CC
Switch
Potential to flood the Network
Multicast
A
A
BA
Video
Server
Page 33
Switch
C
A
US I PD PA CI
Multicast - Handling
Using multicast-filter, the forwarding can be influenced and the traffic
optimized.
These are the two most common possibilities to fill the multicast-filter-table:
Manual configuration with static entries
Automatically configuration with dynamic entries
using Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
Using these features essentially shapes the

traffic to Unicast
Requires managed switches
Page 34
US I PD PA CI
What are VLANs?

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) are logical networks, which operate based
on physical network infrastructure.
VLANs separate the data traffic of the network devices and allow:

Page 35
US I PD PA CI
What are VLANs?

To build flexible network structures independent of the physical network

Page 36
US I PD PA CI
What are VLANs?

To separate application and user of the network based on organisational
aspects

Page 37
US I PD PA CI
What are VLANs?

aspects
To generate broadcast-domains which limit the distribution of broadcast

Page 38
US I PD PA CI
What are VLANs?

aspects
To generate broadcast-domains which limit the distribution of broadcast
To generate virtural workgroups with respect to security and access, but no
authentication or encryption.

Page 39
US I PD PA CI
VLAN Application example
Different applications e.g. production system, IP-camera system and IP-phone

system which work on one and the same physical network, can be separated
logically into independent networks.

Page 40
US I PD PA CI
VLAN Application example
Different applications e.g. production system, IP-camera system and IP-phone

system which work on one and the same physical network, can be separated
logically into independent networks.
There are different type of VLAN:

Port-based VLAN (Layer 2)
MACaddress-based VLAN (Layer 2)
IP-addressbased VLAN (Layer 3)

Page 41
US I PD PA CI
Port-based VLAN
End device port (static

access port):
- Incoming frames have a
VLAN tag added to them.
- Outgoing frames are sent
to the end device without a
VLAN tag.
Trunk port:
Frames are sent on the
network with a VLAN tag.
Advantage:
Easy Configuration
Independent of protocols
Very good performance
Easy diagnostic of
failures/errors
Very wide spread
Disadvantage:
Network administrator must
be aware of his actions.
Relocation of devices must
be reconfigured manually.

Page 42
US I PD PA CI
VLAN can provide broadcast load limitation

By separating the data traffic using VLANs, network load can effectively be
reduced since broadcast frames are only sent to nodes of one VLAN.
Bad addressing and disruptions only affect one VLAN.
VLAN 3
VLAN 7
Broadcast
domain
VLAN 4
VLAN 16

Page 43
US I PD PA CI
Coupling redundant rings

How do we couple redundant rings without giving up the high performance in
case of a failure or switch over?
No! redundancy

Page 44
US I PD PA CI

No! redundancy

Page 45
US I PD PA CI

No! redundancy
Standby

Page 46
US I PD PA CI
Standby connection functionality

The Standby-Connection allows to couple two High Speed Redundancy
rings
Available in X200IRT, X300, X400 and X500 switches
Two switches are defined as standby master and standby slave
In good case master connection is used, slave blocked
RM
Note:
Standby works only in
High Speed Redundancy
Networks, no support for
MRP
Standby
master
Standby
slave
RM
Page 47
US I PD PA CI
Mesh Ring Architecture

Page 48
US I PD PA CI
Management
level
Network
IT Network
MSTP/RSTP
Monitoring
VRRP Routing
Operations
level
10 Gigabit Ring
Technical integration
into IT system sharing
production data
Redundant layer 3
routing with the VRRP
function, optional:
Dynamic routing
protocols OSPF and
RIP
Operations & Management level requirements:

Up to 10Gbit/s
Support for IT-features like:
RSTP
Static layer 3 switching
Dynamic layer 3 switching
Router redundancy (VRRP)
Page 49
US I PD PA CI
Management
level
Network
IT Network
MSTP/RSTP
Monitoring
VRRP Routing
Operations
level
10 Gigabit Ring
production data
Redundant layer 3
function, optional:
Dynamic routing
protocols OSPF and
RIP

Up to 10Gbit/s
RSTP
Page 50
US I PD PA CI
Management
level
Network
IT Network
MSTP/RSTP
Monitoring
VRRP Routing
Operations
level
10 Gigabit Ring
production data
Redundant layer 3
function, optional:
Dynamic routing
protocols OSPF and
RIP

Up to 10Gbit/s
RSTP
Page 51
US I PD PA CI
Management
level
Network
IT Network
MSTP/RSTP
Monitoring
VRRP Routing
Operations
level
10 Gigabit Ring
production data
Redundant layer 3
function, optional:
Dynamic routing
protocols OSPF and
RIP

Up to 10Gbit/s
RSTP
Page 52
US I PD PA CI
STP / RSTP Protocol - Function

STP/RSTP avoid the formation of loops by changing the ports of the switches in
active mode (forwarding) or passive mode (blocking).
STP/RSTP continuously examines the network and detects the removal or
addition of connections and switches.
Note: The aim of RSTP is to achieve fast reconfiguration in the seconds range
although this does depend on the topology and number of switches.
Page 53
US I PD PA CI
STP / RSTP Protocol - Function

STP/RSTP avoid the formation of loops by changing the ports of the switches in
active mode (forwarding) or passive mode (blocking).
STP/RSTP continuously examines the network and detects the removal or
addition of connections and switches.
Failure
Note: The aim of RSTP is to achieve fast reconfiguration in the seconds range
although this does depend on the topology and number of switches.
Page 54
US I PD PA CI
STP / RSTP Protocol - Details

Example:
Root bridge
Is the root of the tree to be spanned and is
defined by the bridge priority.
STP/RSTP monitors the network

and opens loops.

Page 55
US I PD PA CI

Example:
Root bridge
Root port
The port via which there is communication
with the root bridge.

and opens loops.

Page 56
US I PD PA CI

Example:
Root bridge
Root port
Designated port
A forwarding port for every LAN segment.

and opens loops.

Page 57
US I PD PA CI

Example:
Root bridge
Root port
Designated port
Alternate port
Substitute for the root port, if the connection
is lost to the root bridge, the IE switch can
establish a connection via the alternate port
without the delay of reconfiguration.

and opens loops.

Page 58
US I PD PA CI

Example:
Root bridge
Root port
Designated port
Alternate port
Substitute for the root port, if the connection
is lost to the root bridge, the IE switch can
establish a connection via the alternate port
without the delay of reconfiguration.

and opens loops.
Edge port
Downstream from the edge port, there is
generally an end device or a network
component that is not capable of STP/RSTP.
To avoid loops, the edge port is switched
passive when necessary.

Page 59
US I PD PA CI
Configuring support for RSTP
Web-based-Management SCALANCE X308-2LD

Page 60
US I PD PA CI
Configuring support for RSTP
Web-based-Management SCALANCE X308-2LD

Page 61
US I PD PA CI
Routing (Layer 3 Switching)

After Implementing VLAN or different subnets, you might need routing to establish traffic
between the divided subnets or for managed systems to gain access to various subnets.

Page 62
US I PD PA CI
Routing (Layer 3 Switching)

After Implementing VLAN or different subnets, you might need routing to establish traffic
between the divided subnets or for managed systems to gain access to various subnets.
Routing is introduced to allow

managed systems access to all
or specific subnets/vlans.

Page 63
US I PD PA CI
Redundant Routing using VRRP

For example: 2 x SCALANCE X552 as redundant routers with VRRP
production system
IP camera system
IP phone system
other system
IT Network
SCALANCE
XR552
SCALANCE
XR552
SCALANCE
X308
SCALANCE
X208
SCALANCE
X208
SCALANCE
X208
SCALANCE
X208
SCALANCE
X208

Page 64
US I PD PA CI
Redundant Routing using VRRP

For example: 2 x SCALANCE X552 as redundant routers with VRRP
production system
IP camera system
IP phone system
other system
IT Network
Redundant routers share

virtual gateways to provide
high availability routing
SCALANCE
XR552
SCALANCE
XR552
SCALANCE
X308
SCALANCE
X208
SCALANCE
X208
SCALANCE
X208
SCALANCE
X208
SCALANCE
X208

Page 65
US I PD PA CI
Plantwide Network Architectures
Management
level
Network
IT Network
MSTP/RSTP
Monitoring
Redundant layer 3
function, optional:
Dynamic routing
protocols OSPF and
RIP
VRRP Routing
Operations
level
10 Gigabit Ring
Control
level
Gigabit
Ring
production data
Gigabit
Ring
Division of large
VLANs
Standby coupling
Field
level
Fast Ethernet
Ring
Growing number of
Mbps

Page 66
US I PD PA CI
Thank You for Your Attention!

Connected Manufacturing Forum
Website:
http://www.industry.usa.siemens.c
om/automation/us/en/connectedmanufacturing/pages/connectedmanufacturing.aspx
Answers for industry.

Page 67
US I IA SC FA

Connected Manufacturing Forum - Ethernet 102

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Connected Manufacturing Forum - Ethernet 102

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Unrestricted Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Validating a production network

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Validating a production network

Differences between Office and Industrial Networks

MRP, High Speed Redundancy,

Link aggregation, RSTP, MSTP

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Plantwide Network Architectures

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Additional protocols increase need for Gigabit

Future proofing your backbone: Use Gigabit!

Time to transfer 1 Gbyte

Faster transfer of production data increases performance/ saves cost

Future proofing your backbone: Use Gigabit!

Fast Fast Ethernet

Time to transfer 1 Gbyte

Faster transfer of production data increases performance/ saves cost

Establish a Network Infrastructure

Field level requirements:

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Establish a Network Infrastructure

Field level requirements:

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Network availability - Requirement

The network should have a topology that allows

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Network availability - Solutions

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Network availability - Problem

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Network availability Redundancy methods

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Ring Redundancy mechanisms

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Ring Redundancy mechanisms

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

High Availability Networks with HRP

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

High Availability Networks with HRP

Failure of one link can be bypassed

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

High Availability Networks with HRP

Redundancy Manager sends

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

High Availability Networks with HRP

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

High Availability Networks with HRP

Normally no data packets are

Only Watchdog-Packets are

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

High Availability Networks with HRP

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

High Availability Networks with HRP

As soon as the redundancy

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

High Availability Networks with HRP

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

High Availability Networks with HRP

When the failed link goes active

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Siemens Industry Inc. 2015. All rights reserved.

Plant Wide Network Architectures