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Student Name: _______________________

Teacher:

_______________________

2016
HSC ASSESSMENT
TASK4 ~ TRIAL HSC

Mathematics Extension 2
Examiners
Mr J. Dillon, Mr G. Huxley and Mr G. Rawson

General Instructions

Total marks - 100







Section I
10 marks
 Attempt Questions 1 10.
 Allow about 15 minutes for this section.







Reading time - 5 minutes.


Working time 3 hours.
Write using black or blue pen.
Diagrams may be drawn in pencil.
Board-approved calculators and
mathematical templates may be
used.
Answer Section 1 on the separate
answer sheet provided.
Show all necessary working in
Questions 11 16.
Start each of Questions 11 16 in a
separate answer booklet.
Put your name on each booklet.
This question booklet is not to be
removed from the examination
room

Section II
90 marks
 Attempt Questions 11 16. Each of these six
questions are worth 15 marks.
 Allow about 2 hours 45 minutes for this
section.

Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 10

1.

2.

3.

Let z = 4 i . What is the value of iz ?


(A)

1 4i

(B)

1 + 4i

(C)

1 4i

(D)

1 + 4i

If z = 1 + 2i and w = 3 i , which expression gives z w ?


(A)

3i 2

(B)

4 + 3i

(C)

i2

(D)

4+i

Which expression is equal to 3 x ln x dx ?


(A)

2 x x ln x + c
3

(B)

2 x x ln x + + c
3

(C)

1 3

ln x 1 + c
x2

(D)

1 3

ln x + 1 + c
x2

page 2

4.

5.

6.

7.

If

f (x) dx = 6 , what is the value of f (5 x) dx ?

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

x2 y 2
What is the eccentricity of the hyperbola with the equation
= 1?
3 4
2
(A)
1+
3
(B)

7
3

(C)

7
3

(D)

5
3

If a, b, c, d and e are real numbers and a 0, which of the following statements is correct?
(A)

the polynomial equation ax 7 + bx5 + cx3 + dx + e = 0 has only one real root

(B)

the polynomial equation ax 7 + bx5 + cx3 + dx + e = 0 has at least one real root

(C)

the polynomial equation ax 7 + bx5 + cx3 + dx + e = 0 has an odd number of non-real


roots

(D)

the polynomial equation ax 7 + bx5 + cx3 + dx + e = 0 has no real roots

2 x3
What is the number of asymptotes on the graph of y = 2
?
x 1
(A)
1
(B)

(C)

(D)

4
page 3

8.

At how many points do the graphs of y = x and y = x 2 4 intersect?


(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

9.

The region bounded by the x-axis, the curve y = x 2 1 and the line x = 2 is rotated about the
y-axis.
The slice at P(x, y) on the curve is perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
What is the volume V of the annular slice formed?
(A)

(3 y 2 ) y

(B)

4 ( y 2 + 1) y

(C)

4 ( x 2 1) x

(D)

2 x2 1 x

page 4

10.

What is the correct expression for volume of the solid formed when the region bounded by the
curves y = x 2 , y = 20 x 2 and the y-axis is rotated about the y-axis?

(A)

V = 2

(B)

V = 2 x

(C)

V = 2 x 2 20 x 2 dx

(D)

V = 2 x x 2 20 x 2 dx

20 x 2 x 2 dx

20 x 2 x 2 dx

page 5

Section II
90 marks
Attempt Questions 11 16
Allow about 2 hours 45 minutes for this section
Answer each question in a new answer booklet.
All necessary working should be shown in every question.

Question 11 Answer this question in a new answer booklet


(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Let z = cos + i sin where is real.


(i)

Use De Moivres theorem to show that

(ii)

Hence, or otherwise, find z n

1
= cos i sin .
z

1
zn

a
b
and z2 =
, where a and b are real numbers.
1+ i
1 + 2i
What is the value of a and b, if z1 + z2 = 1?

Let z1 =

Let w be a non-real cube root of unity.


(i)

Show that 1 + w + w 2 = 0

(ii)

Hence or otherwise, evaluate:

1
1
+
1+ w 1+ w 2

Sketch the locus of points on an Argand diagram that satisfy:

z2
arg
=
z + 2i 2

(e)

(i)

Show that zz = z for any complex number z.

(ii)

A sequence of complex numbers zn is given by the rule

z1 = w and zn = v zn1 where w is a given complex number and


v is a complex number with modulus 1. Show that z3 = w .

Question 11 continues on the next page .


page 6

(f)

Solve simultaneously by graphing both equations on an Argand Diagram and


expressing the point of intersection in the form x + i y:

z +2 =2

and

arg z =

3
4

page 7

Question 12 Answer this question in a new answer booklet

cos x sin

x dx .

(a)

Find

(b)

dx
Find
.
2
x 4x + 8

(c)

Use the substitution u = x 2 to find the exact value of

x ( x 2)

dx .

(d)

(i)

Find the values of A, B and C so that

(x
(ii)

(i)

+ 4)( x + 1)

Ax + B
C
.
+
2
x +1
x +4

5
Hence find 2
dx .
x + 4 ( x + 1)

(e)

If I n = x ( ln x ) dx for n = 0,1,2,3,
n

use integration by parts

to show that I n =

(ii)

e2 n
I n 1 for n = 1,2,3,
2 2

Hence find the value of I 2 .

page 8

Question 13 Answer this question in a new answer booklet

(a)

(b)

(c)

If , and are the roots of the equation x3 3x 2 + 2 x 1 = 0 , find:


(i)

+ + and + +

(ii)

3 + 3 + 3

(iii)

the equation whose roots are 1 , 1 and 1

The three roots of the equation 8 x3 36 x 2 + 38 x 3 = 0 are in arithmetic sequence.


Find the roots of the equation.

An ellipse has equation


(i)

x2 y 2
+
=1
16 9

Prove that the tangent to the ellipse at P ( 4cos ,3sin ) has equation

x cos y sin
+
=1
4
3

(ii)

The ellipse meets the y-axis at B and B.


The tangents at B and B meet the tangent at P at the points Q and Q.
Find BQ B ' Q ' .

page 9

Question 14 Answer this question in a new answer booklet

(a)

The zeros of the equation x 4 + 4 x3 mx b = 0 are , , and .


Illustrate how this can be shown on a graph, which includes y = x 4 + 4x 3 .
You do not have to find m, b, or .

(b)

(c)

Consider the function f (x)= (3 x)(x +1). On separate axes, sketch, showing the important
features, the graphs of:
(i)

y = f (x)

(ii)

y = f (x )

(iii)

y = f (x )

(iv)

y = f (x )

(v)

y 2 = f (x )

(vi)

y = log 2 [ f ( x) ]

If x 2 + y 2 + xy = 3 ,

dy
dx

(i)

Find

(ii)

Sketch, showing the critical points and stationary points, the graph of:

x 2 + y 2 + xy = 3

page 10

Question 15 Answer this question in a new answer booklet

(a)

The area between the coordinate axes and the line 2x + 3y = 6 is rotated about the
line y = 3.
By taking slices perpendicular to the axis of rotation, show that the volume of the solid
formed is given by
3


4x 4x 2
dx

V = 8
3
9
0

(b)

The shaded region between the curve y = e x , the x-axis, and the lines x = 0 and x = N,
where N > 0, is rotated about the y-axis to form a solid of revolution.
2

(i)

(ii)

Use the method of cylindrical shells to find the volume of this solid
in terms of N.

What is the limiting value of this volume as N ?

Question 15 continues on the next page .


page 11

(c)

Let OAB be an isosceles triangle, with OA = OB = r units, and AB = b units.


Let OABD be a triangular pyramid with height OD = h units and OD perpendicular to the
plane OAB as in the diagram above.
Consider a slice, S, of the pyramid of width a as shown at EFGH in the diagram.
The slice S is perpendicular to the plane OAB at FG, with FGAB and BG = a units.
Note also, that GHOD.

b ( r a ) ah
a when a is small.
r
r

(i)

Show that the volume of S is

(ii)

Hence, show that the pyramid DOAB has a volume of

(iii)

Suppose now that AOB =

1
hbr .
6

2
and that n identical pyramids DOAB are arranged
n

about O as the centre, with common vertical axis OD to form a solid C.

1
3

Show that the volume Vn of C is given by Vn = r 2 hn sin


(iv)

.
n

Note that when n is large, C approximates a right circular cone.


Hence, find lim Vn and verify that a right circular cone of radius r and height h has a
n

1
volume r 2 h
3

page 12

Question 16 Answer this question in a new answer booklet

(a)

In the diagram above, two circles of differing radii intersect at A and B. The lines PQ
and RS are the common tangents with PS  QR .
A third circle passes through the points S, A and R.
The tangent to this circle at A meets the parallel lines at F and G.
Let RAG = , AGR = and GRA = .
NOTE: You do not need to copy the diagram above. It has been reproduced for you on a
tear off sheet at the end of this paper. Insert this sheet into your answer booklet for
Question 16.

(b)

(i)

Show that SPA =

(ii)

Hence, prove that FG is also a tangent to the circle which passes through
the points A, P and Q.

ABC has sides of length a, b and c.

If a 2 + b2 + c 2 = ab + bc + ca show that ABC is an equilateral triangle.

Question 16 continues on the next page .

page 13

(c)

(i)

Use the binomial theorem (1 + x) = nCk x k to show that


n

k =0

n
1
n(n 1)(n 2)...(n k + 1) 1
=

1+

n
k!
nk
k=0

(ii)

1
1 1 1
Hence, show that lim 1+ = 2 + + + + ...
n
n
2! 3! 4!

(iii)

Prove by induction that

(iv)

1
Hence, show that lim 1+ < 3 .
n
n

1
1
< n 1 when n 3 and n is an integer.
n! 2

page 14

STUDENT NAME: _______________________________

DETACH THIS AND INCLUDE IT IN YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET FOR QUESTION 16

Question 16
(a)

page 15

Mathematics Extension 2

Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Trial Exam 2016

Question 11: Outcomes Addressed in this Question:


E3

uses the relationship between algebraic and geometric representations of complex numbers and of conic sections

Outcome
E3

Solutions

(a) (i)

z 1

cos T  i sin T 1 cos(T  i sin  T

Marking Guidelines
(a) (i) 1 mark: Correct show of
Demoivre

cos T  i sin T
(ii)

zn 

(b)

1
zn

cos nT  i sin T  cos nT  i sin nT


2i sin nT

(ii) 1 mark: correct answer.

(i)

(b) (i) 2 marks: Correct solution.

a  2ai  b  bi
1  i 1  2i
2a  b 3
? a  b 1
?
a 4 b 5

1 mark: Significant progress.

(c) (i) w is a cube root of unity, so w 3 1 0

w  1 w 2  w 1

(c) (i) 1 mark: correct solution including


reason.

w not real, so w  1 z 0

? w 2  w 1 0
(ii)

1
1

1  w 1 w 2

1
1

w w
 w  w2
w3
1

(ii) 1 mark: Correct solution. There are


several correct methods.
.

(d)

z2 S
arg

z  2i 2

2 marks: Correct semi-circle, with diameter


end-points excluded. (2,0) and (0, -2). Needs
to pass through origin.
1 mark: Significant progress.

(e) (i)

z z x 2  iy

(e) (i) 1 mark: Show that difference of two


squares becomes a sum.

x2y2
z

(ii)

z1 w
But v v

z2 vw

z 3 vvw

1 from (i) and because v has modulus 1.

?z 3 w

(f)

(ii) 2 marks: Correct solution including


explanation in regards to part (i).
1 mark: Partial progress.

(f) 4 marks: Correct solution, including


circle, line, excluded point, value of z.
3 marks:: One element of solution omitted.
2 marks: Significant progress.
1 mark: Some relevant progress.

Pt of intersection: z  2  2i

Year 12
Question 12

Mathematics Extension 2
Task 4 (Trial HSC) 2016
Solutions and Marking Guidelines
Outcome Addressed in this Question
E8
applies further techniques of integration, including partial fractions, integration by parts and
recurrence formulae, to problems
Outcomes
Solutions
Marking Guidelines
5
cos x sin 4 x dx = sin x + c

(a)

Award 1 for correct answer

dx
dx

2
x 2 4x + 8 =
2
( x 2) + 2

1
x 2
= tan 1
+c
2
2

(b)

Award 2 for correct solution


Award 1 for substantial
progress towards solution

I = x ( x 2 ) dx
5

(c)

u = x 2 du = dx

Award 3 for correct answer.

x = 1,u = 1
x = 3, u = 1

Award 2 for significant


progress towards solution

I =

(u + 2 ).u

du

1
1

(u

Award 1 for limited progress


towards solution

+ 2u 5 ) du
1

u 7 2u 6
= +
6 1
7
1 1 1 1
= + +
7 3 7 3
2
=
7

(d) (i)

(ii)

5 ( Ax + B ) ( x + 1) + C ( x 2 + 4 )
Let x = 1,
Let x = 0,

5 = 5C C = 1
5 = B + 4C B = 1

Let x = 1,

5 = 2 ( A + B ) + 5C A = 1

5
I = 2
dx
( x + 4 ) ( x + 1)
x + 1
1
=
+
dx
2
x + 4 x +1
1
1
x
+ 2
+
dx
=
2
x + 4 x + 4 x +1
x
1
1
= ln x 2 + 4 + tan 1 + ln x + 1
2
2
2

Award 2 for correct values of


A, B and C
Award 1 for substantial
progress towards solution

Award 3 for correct answer.


Award 2 for significant
progress towards solution
Award 1 for limited progress
towards solution

(d) (i)

I n = x ( ln x ) dx

u = ( ln x )

dv
=x
dx

du n
x2
n1
= ( ln x ) v =
dx x
2
e

Award 2 for correct solution


Award 1 for substantial
progress towards solution

x2
x2 n
n
n1
I n = .( ln x )
. ( ln x ) dx
2
1 1 2 x
e

e2
12
n
n
n
n1
= .( ln e) .( ln1) x ( ln x ) dx
2
2
21
=

(ii)

e2 n
.I n1
2 2

e2 2
I1
2 2
e2 e2 1
= I0
2 2 2

I2 =

1
x dx
2 1
e

1 x2
=
2 2 1

1 e2 1 e2 1
= =
2 2 2
4

Award 2 for correct solution


Award 1 for substantial
progress towards solution

Year 12
Question No. 13

Mathematics Extension 2
TRIAL - 2016 HSC
Solutions and Marking Guidelines
Outcomes Addressed in this Question
E4 - uses efficient techniques for the algebraic manipulation required in dealing with questions such as
those involving conic sections and polynomials
Part /
Solutions
Marking Guidelines
Outcome
(a)

x3  3x 2  2 x  1 0

D  E J

DE  EJ  DJ

c
a

ii D 3  3D 2  2D  1

b
a

1 mark : correct solution

E  3E  2E  1 0
3

3 marks : correct solution

J 3  3J 2  2J  1 0
3 D 2  E 2  J 2  2 D  E  J  3

so, D 3  E 3  J 3

3 D 2  E 2  J 2  2 3  3
2
3 D  E  J  2 DE  EJ  DJ  3

2 marks : substantially
correct solution
1 mark : progress towards
correct solution

3 32  2 2  3
12

iii

ie

(b)

1
1
1
 3  2 1 0
x
x
x
1 3 2
  1 0
x3 x 2 x
1  3x  2 x 2  x3 0

2 marks : correct solution


1 mark : substantially correct
solution

x3  2 x 2  3x  1 0

8 x3  36 x 2  38 x  3 0
roots in AP o a  d , a, a  d

D  E J
3a
a

b

a
36
8
3
2

DEJ

a a2  d 2

3
8

3 3
2
 d
2 2

3
8

9
d2
4
d2

1
4
2

d
? the roots are

3
3 3
 2,
,  2
2
2 2

d
a

r 2

3 marks : correct solution


2 marks : substantially
correct solution
1 mark : progress towards
correct solution

Question 13 coninued
(c)

x2 y 2
a 4, b 3

1
o
16 9
2 x 2 y dy
0
 .
16 9 dx
dy
9x

dx
16 y
3cos T
so, m 
at P 4 cos T , 3sin T
4sin T

4 y sin T  12sin 2 T

3cos T
x  4 cos T
4sin T
3 x cos T  12 cos 2 T

3x cos T  4 y sin T

12 sin 2 T  cos 2 T

3x cos T  4 y sin T

12

x cos T y sin T

4
3

12

eq'n of tangent is y  3sin T

3 marks : correct solution


2 marks : substantially
correct solution
1 mark : progress towards
correct solution

(ii)

3 marks : correct solution

so,

At Q : y

At Q ' : y

3 o

BQ u BQ '

4 1  sin T
cos T
4 1  sin T
cos T

4 1  sin T 4 1  sin T
u
cos T
cos T
2
16 1  sin T
cos 2 T
16 cos 2 T
cos 2 T
16

2 marks : substantially
correct solution
1 mark : progress towards
correct solution

Mathematics Extension 2

Solutions and Marking Guidelines

Trial Exam 2016

Question 14: Outcomes Addressed in this Question:


E6

combines the ideas of algebra and calculus to determine the important features of the graphs of a wide variety of
functions

Outcome
E6

(a)

Solutions

If x 4  4 x 3  mx  b 0
Then x 4  4 x 3 mx  b
We are told this equation has 2 double roots.

Marking Guidelines
(a) 2 marks: Correct representation of both
components of the sketch.
1 mark: Partially correct.

(b) (i)
(b) (i)
1 mark: Correct parabola

(ii)
(ii) 1 mark: correct sketch, including
showing that the arms are concave up.

(iii)

(iii) 1 mark: Correct reflection of the RHS


of (i).
.

(iv)

(v)

(iv)1 mark: Correct reflection of upper part


of (i) only..

(v) 2 marks: Correct diagram (circle, centre


(1,0) radius 2) with maximum and minimum
turning points indicated.
1 mark: Partially correct.

(vi)

(vi) 2 marks: Correct diagram, including


maximum turning point, asymptotes at x=-1
and x = 3
1 mark: Partially correct.

(c) 2 marks: Correct solution

(c)

1 mark: partially correct.

(i)

2x  2 y

(ii)

dy
dy
x y 0
dx
dx
2x  y
dy

dx
x  2y

(iii) 3 marks: Correct solution and diagram,


including stationary and critical points.
2 marks: Significant progress.
1 mark: Some relevant progress.

Year 12
Question No. 15

Mathematics Extension 2
Solutions and Marking Guidelines
Outcomes Addressed in this Question

TRIAL - 2016 HSC

E7 - uses the techniques of slicing and cylindrical shells to determine volumes


Part /
Outcome

Solutions

(a)

Marking Guidelines

x
A S R  r
2

2 marks : correct solution

A y S 3  3  y
2

S 6 y  y2
A x

3y

2

2x
2x
S 6 2   2 
3
3

S 12  4 x  4 

S 8 

GV
V

2x  3y

S 8 

8x 4 x2


3
9

4x 4x2


3
9
4x 4x2

G x
3
9

4 x 4 x2

lim S 8 
G x
G x o0
3
9
x 0


4 x 4 x2
S 8  
dx
3
9
0

1 mark : substantially correct


solution

6
6  2x
2

2x
3

Question 15 continued
(b)

(i)

2r

3 marks : correct solution


r

x, h e

 x2

A 2S rh
A x

2S xe

2 marks : substantially
correct solution

2S xy
 x2

1 mark : progress towards


correct solution

GV

2S xe  x G x
N

lim 2S xe  x G x

G x o0

x 0

2S xe  x dx
N

 S e  x

0
2

S  S e  N units3

ii

lim V

N of

lim S  S e N

N of

S units3

note that e

N2

o 0 as N o f

1 mark : correct solution

Question 15 continued
(c)

(i) In base OAB:


GB

OB

NB

b
2

OG

r a

MG
OG
MG

FG

NB
OB
NB.OG
OB
b r a
.
2 r
2MG

3 marks : correct solution


2 marks : substantially
correct solution
b r  a
r

1 mark : progress towards


correct solution

Also:
OD h, OB r, GB a
GH OD
GB OB
OD.GB
GH
OB
ah
r

VS

ii

FG.GH .G a
b r  a ah
G a
r
r

b r  a ah
da

r
r
0
bh r
a r  a da
r 2 0
bh r
ar  a 2 da
2 0
r
r

bh a 2 r a 3

r 2 2
3 0
bh r 3 r 3
  0
r 2 2 3
bh r 3
.
r2 6

1
bhr
6

2 marks : correct solution


1 mark : substantially correct
solution

Question 15 continued

iii

given AOB
ie T

now, sin

2S
n
2S
n

2
2

n
b 1
.
2 r

2r sin

9
T

2r sin

Vn

lim Vn
n of

n of

1
S
lim r 2 hn sin
n of 3
n
S
1 2
r h lim n sin
n of
n
3
sin S
1 2
r h lim S S n 9
n of
3
n
let x

so, lim Vn

1 mark : substantially correct


solution

1
bhr
from ii
6
S
1
hr.2r sin
9
n
6
S
1 2
hr sin
n
3
S
1 2
hr n sin
n
3

iv

2 marks : correct solution

; as n o f ,

1 2
sin x
r h S lim
x o0
3
x
1 2
Sr h
3

2 marks : correct solution


1 mark : substantially correct
solution

S
n

o0

Year 12
Question 16

Mathematics Extension 2
Task 4 (Trial HSC) 2016
Solutions and Marking Guidelines
Outcomes Addressed in this Question
E2
chooses appropriate strategies to construct arguments and proofs in both concrete and abstract
settings
E9
communicates abstract ideas and relationships using appropriate notation and logical argument
Part
Solutions
Marking Guidelines
(a) (i)

The angle between a tangent and a chord

RSA = RAG equals the angle at the circumference

in the alternate segment of circle SAR

=
The angle between a tangent and a chord

SPA = RSA equals the angle at the circumference

in the alternate segment of circle PBAS

Award 2 for correct solution


Award 1 for substantial
progress towards solution

(ii)

alternate angles are equal,


AFP = AGR =

PS || QR
In AFP and RAG

Award 3 for correct solution

FPA( = SPA ) = RAG ( from (i))

Award 2 for substantial


progress towards solution

AFP ||| RAG ( equiangular )

Award 1 for limited progress


towards solution

AFP = AGR ( proved above )

matching angles in similar


FAP = GRA

triangles are equal


=
The angle between a tangent and a chord

PQA = QRA equals the angle at the circumference

in the alternate segment of circle RABQ


= GRA
=
FAP = PQA
Hence, FG is tangent to the circle through APQ by the converse
of the angles in the alternate segment theorem.

(b)

(a b)2 = a 2 + b2 2ab
(b c)2 = b2 + c 2 2bc

(c a)2 = c 2 + a 2 2ca

2 a2 + b2 + c2 (ab + bc + ca) = (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2


Now a, b and c are side lengths of the triangle and are all
positive real numbers.

(a b)2 0 and (a b)2 = 0 only if a = b


Hence if a 2 + b 2 + c 2 = ab + bc + ca (given)
then (a b)2 + (b c)2 + (c a)2 = 0
(a b) 2 = (b c) 2 = (c a ) 2 = 0
a = b = c
Therefore ABC is an equilateral triangle.

Award 3 for correct solution


Award 2 for substantial
progress towards solution
Award 1 for limited progress
towards solution

(c) (i)

n
1
1
n
1+ n = Ck n
k=0

1
n!
n
(n

k)!k!
k=0
n

Award 1 for correct solution


k

n(n 1)(n 2)...(n k + 1) 1


.
k!
nk
k=0
n

(ii)

n
n(n 1)(n 2)...(n k + 1) 1
1
.
1 + =
nk
k!
n k =0
n
n (n 1) (n 2)
(n k + 1) 1
=

...
.
n
n
n
k!
k =0 n
n!
n!
1
n!
1
n!
1
n! 1
= +
. +
. +
. + .... + . n
n ! ( n 1)!1! n ( n 2 )!2! n 2 ( n 3)!3! n3
n! n
n

= 1+1+

Award 2 for correct solution


Award 1 for substantial
progress towards solution

( n 1) . 1 + ( n 1)( n 2 ) . 1 + .... + 1
n

2!

n2

3!

n!

As n then n 1 1 , n 2 1 , n 3 1....
n
n
n
n
n(n 1)(n 2)...(n k + 1) 1
1
lim 1 + = lim
. =
n
n

nk
k!
n
k =0
n
(n k + 1) 1
n (n 1) (n 2)
= lim

...
.
n
n
n
n
k!
k =0 n
n

n!
1
1
1
n!
n!
n!
n! 1
. +
. 2+
. 3 + .... + . n
= lim +
n n !
n! n
( n 1)!1! n ( n 2 )!2! n ( n 3)!3! n

1
1
2

n
n
n

( ) . 1 + ( )(
) . 1 + .... + 1
= lim 1 + 1 +

n
2!
3!
n!
n
n2

= 1 + 1 + 1.

1
1
1
+ 1. + .... +
2!
3!
n!

n
1
1
1 1 1
1 1 1
lim 1+ = = 1+ 1+ + + + ... = 2 + + + + ...
n
n
2! 3! 4!
2! 3! 4!
k=0 k!

(iii)

Test the result for n = 3


1
1
1 1
< 31 or < . Therefore the result is true for n = 3 .
3! 2
6 4
1
1
Assume the result is true for n = k .
< k 1
k! 2
To prove the result is true for n = k + 1 .
1
1
1
i.e.
< ( k+1)1 < k
(k + 1)! 2
2
1
(k + 1)!
1
=
(k + 1)k !
1
Assumption for n = k
<
(k + 1)2k 1
1
k + 1 > 2 as n 3
<
2 2k 1
1
= k = RHS
2
Thus if the result is true for n = k , it is true for n = k + 1 . It
LHS =

Award 3 for correct solution


Award 2 for proving the result
true for n = 3 and attempting to
use the result of n = k to prove
the result for n = k + 1 .
Award 1 for proving the result
true for n = 3 .

has been shown true for n = 3 , hence true for n = 4 and so on.

(iv)

Award 1 for correct solution

From part (ii)


n

1
1 1 1
1 1
lim 1+ = 2 + + + + ... = 2 + +
n
n
2! 3! 4!
2 k=3 k!
< 2+

1 1
+
2 k=3 2 k1

1
1 1 1
+ ( 2 + 3 + 4 + ...)
2 2 2 2
1
1
2
= 2+ +( 2 1)
Limiting sum of GP
2 1 2
= 2+

=2 +

1 1
+ =3
2 2

Multiple Choice Answers


1.
C
2.
C
3.
A
$
4.
5.
B
6.
B
7.
C
8.
D
9.
A
10.
B

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