NORTH SYDNEY GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL

2016 TRIAL HSC EXAMINATION

Mathematics

SOLUTIONS
Multiple Choice

Multiple Choice
1

What is 1.04976238 correct to four

significant figures?
x

Answer is (D) 1.050

Using exterior angle of a triangle the angle of

2

inclination of line k is: 140 120 20

The quadratic equation

3x 2 5 x 2 0 has roots and .

So mk tan 20 0.3639702...

What is the value of 2 2 ?

Answer is (B) 0.36

Sum of roots

b 5

a
3

Product of roots

c 2

a 3

5.

log5 x3 9
3log 5 x 9

2 2

log5 x 3

2 5

3 3
10

Amswer is (D)
3

What is the solution to the

equation log5 x3 9 ?

x 53
x 125
Answer is (B) x 125

10
9

6.

How many solutions does the

equation sin 2 x 0 have in the

The first three terms of an

arithmetic series are 12, 19 and 26.
What is the value of the 51st term?

domain 0 x 2 ?
Sketch the graph of y sin 2 x

Tn a n 1 d

T51 12 51 1 7
12 350
362
b

Answer is (c) 362

4

What is the gradient of line k correct to

2 decimal places?

Answer is (C) 5

Given below is the graph of

7.

9.

y f x .

How many solutions are there to

the equation 3 x 2 x 1 0

Which of the following could be the

3x 2 x 1 0

graph of y f x ?

3x 2 x 1
Number of solutions are the number of

At x b the gradient is zero and to the left

and right of x b the gradient is positive. So

intersections on the graphs of

the answer can only be either A or B.

y 3 x 2 and y x 1

At x c the gradient is also zero.

y
So the answer must be A.
y

Two intersections
Answer is (C) 2
8.

10

The first three terms of a geometric

series are

f 2 2 , g 2 1 , f 1 3 and

3x 3x

...
2
4
Which of the following represents
all the possible values for x such
that
the series has a limiting sum?
3

Let f and g be functions where

g 2 2 .

What is the gradient of the tangent to

the curve y f g x at the point where
x 2?

d
f g x f g x g x Chain Rule
dx

x
The common ratio is . If a geometric
2

Gradient at x 2 is :

series has a limiting sum then r 1

m f g 2 g 2
f 1 2

x
1
2

3 2

x 2

6
Answer is (D) -6

Answer is (A) x 2
3

Question 11

(a)

Rationalise the denominator of

1
.
2 2 3

SOLUTION:

1
1
2 2 3

2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3

2 2 3

2 2

32

2 2 3
89
3 2 2

Fully factorise x 4 8 x .

(b)

SOLUTION:

x 4 8 x x x 3 23
x x 2 x2 2x 4
(c)

Solve 3 x 1 4 .

SOLUTION:
3x 1 4
3x 1 4

OR

3 x 1 4

3x 3

OR

x 1

OR

3 x 5
5
x
3

(d)

Differentiate

x 5e

2x 4

SOLUTION:
4
3
d
x 5e 2 x 4 x 5e 2 x 1 10e2 x

dx

(e)

Find the area of the shaded segment.

TION:
Area of a segment is equal to:

1
A r 2 sin
2
The angle must be in radians

135 3

180
4

1
3
3
102
sin

2
4
4
1 2
3
50

cm
2
4

(f)

Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y x 3 5 x at the point 1, 4 .

SOLUTION:
y x3 5 x
dy
3x 2 5
dx

Gradient at 1, 4
m 3 1 5 2
2

Equation of tangent at 1, 4

y 4 2 x 1
y 2 x 2 4
y 2 x 2

(g)

x
Evaluate
cos dx .

SOLUTION:

cos x dx 3sin x

3
3

3sin 3sin
3
6

3 1 3 3 3
3

2
2 2
5

SO
LU

Question 12 (15 marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet

(a)
(i)

Find the distance AB.

SOLUTION:
d

3 7 1 3

10 4

d 100 16
d 2 29
(ii)

Show that the equation of line AB is 2 x 5 y 1 0 .

SOLUTION:
Gradient of line
1 3
3 7
4 2

10 5

Equation of line
2
x 7
5
5 y 15 2 x 14
0 2 x 5 y 14 15
y 3

0 2x 5 y 1

(iii) Find the perpendicular distance from C to the line AB.

SOLUTION:
d
d

2 4 5 9 1
2 2 52
8 45 1
4 25

36
29
36
d
29
d

(iv)

Find the area of ABC .

1
AB Distance from C to AB
2
1
36
2 29

2
29
36

Area ABC

Tn is the nth term of a geometric series where T5 3 and T8 24 .

(b)

Find the first term and common ratio of this series.

3 a 2

Tn ar n 1

T5 3 ar 4

3 16a
3
a
16

and
T8 24 ar 7

II

First term is

II I
T8 ar 7

T5 ar 4

3
and the common ratio is 2.
16

24
r3
3
8 r3
r2
Sub in to I
Solve the equation sin 2 x 2cos x 1 for .

(c)

SOLUTION:
sin 2 x 2 cos x 1

1 cos x 2 cos x 1
2

Let u cos x

1 u 2u 1
2

u 2 2u 0
u 2 u 0
u0
cos x 0

or

Solve by graphing

or x

u2
cos x 2
NO Solution

3
2
7

(d)

(i)

Prove that SVU TWU .

SUT 60 angle in a equilateral triangle

WUV 60 angle in a equilateral triangle

SUT TUV WUV 180

Straight line

60 TUV 60 180
TUV 60

SUV TUW 120

In SVU and TWU

SU TU
WU VU
SUV TUW 120
SVU TWU

(ii)

Side of equilateral triangle STU

Side of equilateral triangle WVU
See above
(SAS)

Hence or otherwise show that SXT SUT .

In TYX and SYU

YSU YTX
UYS XYT
TYX ||| SYU

Matching angles in congruent triangles

Vertically Opposite angles
Equiangular

SXT SUT

Matching angles in similar triangle

Question 13
(a)

(i)

Find the coordinates of any stationary points and determine

their nature.

Consider the function f x x3 3 x 2 9 x 5 .

f x x3 3x 2 9 x 5
f x 3x 2 6 x 9
f x 6 x 6

Stationary points where f x 0

3 x 2 2 x 3 0
3 x 3 x 1 0
x3

or

x 1

Sub values into original function to find y-values and test x-values in the second
derivative to determine their nature
At x 3
f 3 3 3 3 9 3 5
3

27 27 27 5
22
f 3 6 3 6
12

Minimum turning point at 3, 22

f 1 1 3 1 9 1 5
3

1 3 9 5
10
f 1 6 1 6
12

Maximum turning point at 10, 12

(ii)

Find the coordinates of any points of inflexion.

Maximum turning point at 1,10

Possible point of inflexion where f x 0
6x 6 0
x 1 0
x 1
Test for change in concavity at x 1

0.9

1.1

f x

0.6

0.6

Change in concavity at x 1
y- coordinate:
f 1 1 3 1 9 1 5
3

1 3 9 5
6

(iii)

Sketch the graph of y f x .

Do not attempt to find the x-intercepts

Point of inflexion is at 1, 6

10

(b)
Find the volume of the solid generated when the shaded region is rotated
around the x-axis.

V y 2 dx
0

e x 1 dx
1

e 2 x 2e x 1 dx
1

e2 x

2e x x
2
0
e 21
e 2 0

2e1 1
2e 0 0
2

2
e 2
1

2e 1 2

2
2
e2
1
2e 1 units3
2
2

11

(c)
(i)

By solving simultaneously, show that the x-coordinates of A and B

are x 1 and x 2 respectively.

y x3 3x 2 4 x and y 2 x
2 x x3 3x 2 4 x
0 x3 3x 2 2 x
0 x x 2 3x 2
0 x x 2 x 1
x0

x 1

x2

Since O is the origin then A and B have x coordinates of x 1 and x 2

respectively.

(ii)

Find the area of the shaded region.

3 x 2 4 x 2 x dx

2x x

3x 2 4 x

x 3 3 x 2 2 x dx x 3 3 x 2 2 x dx
1

x
x

x3 x 2 x3 x 2
4
0 4
1
4

1
1
24

1 1 0 23 2 2 1 1

4
4
4

1
1
0
4
4

1
units 2
2

12

Question 14
(a)

(i)

Differentiate x 2 ln x .

d 2
1
x ln x 2 x ln x x 2
dx
x
2 x ln x x
(ii)

Product Rule

5 x 1 ln x 2 dx .
Hence, or otherwise, find

5 x 1 ln x 2 dx 5
x 1 2 ln x dx

x 2 x ln x dx
5

5 x 2 ln x C

(b)

From part i)

1
Find the coordinates of the focus of the parabola y x 2 x 1 .
8

1
y x2 x 1
8
2
8 y x 8 x 8
8 y x 2 8 x 16 8

Completing the square

8 y x 4 8
2

8 y 8 x 4

8 y 1 x 4

Using the standard form x h 4a y k the vertex is 4,1 focal length is 2 and parabola is
2

concave down.
Focus is 2 units below the vertex.
Therefor the focus is 4, 1

13

(c)
Use Simpsons Rule with five function values to determine an approximate
value for the area of the lake.

0
1
0

y
k
ky

32
4
125

27
2
54

52
4
208

0
1
0

h
ky
3
. 25
.
128 54 208
3
. 25
.
390
3
.

A .

. 3250m 2

(d)

(i)

At what time(s) is the object stationary?

t 1 and t 7

(ii)

At what time(s) does the object change direction?

At what time(s) is the acceleration of the object zero?

t 1

(iii)

t 1 and t 7

(iv)

Draw a possible displacement-time graph given that the object was

initially at x 0 .

14

v
displacement
(m)

Time (Seconds)

15

Question 15

(a)

Prove that

cos
sin

sin cos .
1 tan 1 cot

cos
sin

1 tan 1 cot
cos
sin

sin
cos
1
1
cos
sin
2
cos
sin 2

cos sin sin cos

cos 2
sin 2

cos sin cos sin

cos 2 sin 2

cos sin
cos sin cos sin

cos sin
sin cos

LHS

RHS

(i)

Show that the rate of decay of C14 is proportional to the mass present in

the fossil at any particular time.

(b)

If M Ae kt then the rate of decay is

dM
dt

dM
kAe kt
dt
kM

(ii)

Find the exact value of k.

the rate of decay of C14 is proportional to the mass present in the fossil.

When t 0 M 200
Using M Ae kt

200 Ae k 0
200 A

16

and when t 2500 M 150

150 200e 2500 k
150
e 2500 k
200
3
e 2500 k
4
2500k ln

3
4

3
4
k
2500
ln

(iii)

Find the amount of time, to the nearest year, that it will take for the C14
to decay to 10 grams.

10 200e kt
10
e kt
200
1
e kt
20
1
kt ln
20
1
ln
t 20
k
1
ln

t 2500 20
ln 3
4
t 26033 years

17

(c)
(i)

Show that the amount An in the account after n months is:

An 401000 1.0025n 1

Since An is the amount of money in the account after n months then

0.03
A1 1000 1

12

1000 1.0025
A2 A1 1000 1.0025

1000 1.0025 1000 1.0025

1000 1.0025 1000 1.0025
1000 1.0025 1000 1.0025
2

A3 A2 1000 1.0025

1000 1.0025 1000 1.0025 1000 1.0025

2

1000 1.0025 1000 1.0025 1000 1.0025

3

An 1000 1.0025 1000 1.0025

n

An 1000 1.0025 1.0025

a r n 1

An 1000
r 1

n 1

n 1

1000 1.0025

1.0025

r 1.0025
a 1.0025

1.0025 1.0025n 1

An 1000
1.0025 1

1.0025 1.0025n 1

An 1000
0.0025

1.0025 1.0025n 1

An 1000
0.0025

An 1000 4011.0025n 1
401000 1.0025n 1

18

n2

n 1

... 1000 1.0025

... 1.0025

(ii)

Calculate the amount in the account at the end of 12 months to the nearest

dollar.
A12 401000 1.002512 1
12196.79872
$12197

(iii)

To the nearest dollar

Determine how many deposits in total Alice will have made

when her account first exceeds $60 000.

60 000 401000 1.0025n 1

60
1.0025n 1
401
461
1.0025n
401
461
n log1.0025

401
461
ln

401
n
ln1.0025
n 55.84433557....

Alice will have made 56 deposits when her account first exceeds $60000

19

(iv)

After twelve months (and after the twelfth deposit has been made),
Alice changes her contributions to $1500 per month.
Determine if Alice will have saved $60 000 by the end of the third year.
Justify your answer.
A12 401000 1.002512 1
A13 A12 1500 1.0025
A12 1.0025 1500 1.0025
A14 A13 1500 1.0025

A12 1.0025 1500 1.0025 1500 1.0025

A12 1.0025 1500 1.0025 1500 1.0025
2

A15 A14 1500 1.0025

A12 1.0025 1500 1.0025 1500 1.0025 1500 1.0025

2

A12 1.0025 1500 1.0025 1500 1.0025 1500 1.0025

3

A36 A12 1.0025 1500 1.0025 1500 1.0025 ... 1500 1.0025
24

A12 1.0025

24

24

23

1.0025 1.0025 24 1
1500

0.0025

401000 1.0025 1 1.0025

12

24

1.0025 1.0025 24 1
1500

0.0025

$50096.89

Alice had not reach $60000 by the end of the third year

20

Question 16

(a)

Consider the relation

y x2

2 where x 0 and y 1 .
x y 1

Show that y 2 y 1 2 x x 2 0 .

(i)

y x2

2
x y 1
y y 1 x x 2
2
x y 1
y y 1 x x 2 2 x y 1
y 2 y x 2 2 x 2 xy 2 x
y 2 y 2 xy x 2 0
y 2 y 1 2 x x 2 0

(ii)

Find the greatest integer value for x so that y is real and rational.

Using the quadratic formula for an equation in y

b b 2 4ac
y
Where a 1 , b 1 2 x and c x 2
2a
y

1 2 x

1 2 x 4 1 x 2
2

2 x 1 1 4 x 4 x2 4 x2
2
2x 1 1 4x
y
2
y

If y is to be real and rational then the discriminant 1 4x must be positive and a perfect square
1 4x 0
4 x 1
x

1
4

21

Now test integer values for x

1
to find the greatest integer that gives a perfect square
4

Let x 0

1 4 0 1 which is a perfect square but x 0

Let x 1

1 4 1 5 which is not a perfect square

Let x 2

1 4 2 9 which is a perfect square

So the greatest integer value for x for which y is real and rational is x 2

(b)

The level of a local dam is being monitored. After t days the rate at which
the volume of water in the dam is changing is given by
1000
500 ,
1 t
where R is the rate of change of the volume of water in the dam
measured in megalitres/day.
R

The volume of water in the dam at the end of the fifth day of monitoring was
half the volume at the end of the fourth day.
Find an expression for the volume of water W in the dam t days after the
monitoring began.
W Rdt

1000

W
500 dt
1 t

W 1000 ln 1 t 500t C
When t 4

W 1000 ln 5 2000 C
When t 5

W 1000 ln 6 2500 C

22

2 1000 ln 6 2500 C 1000 ln 5 2000 C

2000 ln 6 5000 2C 1000 ln 5 2000 C
C 1000 ln 5 2000 ln 6 5000 2000
C 1000 ln 5 2 ln 6 3000

5
C 1000 ln 3000
36
The expression for the volume of water W in the dam t days after the
monitoring began is:

5
W 1000 ln 1 t 500t 1000 ln 3000
36

23

Question 16 (Continued)
(c)

The diagram below shows an extension ladder AC which has a variable length p metres.
The ladder leans against a wall EC whilst also touching a 3 metre high fence DB that is 1
metre from the wall.
Let be the angle of inclination of the ladder with the horizontal ground.

C
B
p

3m
1m
A

Show that p

(i)

3
1

.
sin cos

In ABD

p
I

In ACE
Sub I into II
3
1
p tan
cos
3
tan

cos

3
tan
AD
3
AD
tan

1
cos

cos
3
1

tan cos cos

3
1

sin cos

24

AD 1
p

AD 1
cos

II

(ii)

Show that p has a stationary point when tan 3 3 .

p 3 sin cos
1

dp
2
2
3 sin cos cos sin
d
dp
3 cos sin

d
sin 2
cos 2
dp 3cos3 sin 3

d
sin 2 cos 2
Stationary point where

dp
0
d

3cos3 sin 3
0
sin 2 cos 2
3cos3 sin 3 0
sin 3 3cos3
sin 3
3
cos3
tan 3 3
tan 3 3

(iii)

For safety reasons must remain between 60 and 75 .

Find the minimum value of p to the nearest centimetre so that the
ladder can be placed safely.

If tan 3 3 then 551551 which is not within the safe values for .
Test the two extreme values safe values for to see which one has the lowest value.

3
1

sin 60 cos 60
5.464101615...

3
1

sin 75 cos 75
6.446337718...

Thus the minimum value for p that is safe is 5.46m.

25