3.

Medications for CHF

Medication
ACE Inhibitors

Angiotensin
Receptor
Blocker

Vasodilators

Aldosterone
Receptor
Antagonist

Action
It act in the lungs to prevent ACE
from converting angiotensin I to
angiotensin
II,
a
powerful
vasoconstrictor and stimulator of
aldosterone release. This action
leads to a decrease in blood
pressure
and
in
aldosterone
secretion, with a resultant slight
increase in serum potassium and a
loss of serum sodium and fluid.

Rationale
ACE inhibitors is used to decreases the peripheral
vascular resistance, thereby, decreasing BP, as
well as reducing the peripheral edema by
decreasing water and sodium retention. It also
helps by reducing the cardiac increased workload
due to increased peripheral resistance.s

It selectively bind with

the Same action with ACE inhibitors
angiotensin II receptors in vascular
smooth muscle and in the adrenal
cortex to block vasoconstriction and
the release of aldosterone. These
actions block the blood pressure
raising effects of the renin
angiotensin system and lower blood
pressure.
The vasodilators act directly on It is used to decrease BP and cardiac muscle
vascular smooth muscle to cause workload by relaxing the smooth muscles.
muscle relaxation, leading to
vasodilation and drop in blood
pressure. They do not block the
reflex tachycardia that occurs when
blood pressure drops.
It acts by antagonizing the reception Same reason with ACE and ARB.
of Aldosterone, thereby, inhibiting
the action of aldosterone.

4. Diet Recommendation
- Sodium Restricted Diet
-Low Sodium Diet
-Low watery food intake

Cues

Nursing

Scientific basis

Objectives

Insufficient

General :

Intervention

Rationale

Evaluation

Diagnosis
Subjective
akong

kapoy

lawas

as

verbalized by the patient

Activity
Intolerance

r/t

physiological

or

After 2 days of holistic

Imbalance

psychological

nursing care, the pt will

between Oxygen

energy to endure

be able to reach OLOF.

Objective-

supply

or

Specific

Pallor

demand;

required

or

After 8 hrs of nurse-pt

(anemia)

desired activities.

interaction, the pt will be

1.

able to :

importance

Skin
Conjunctiva
Nail Beds
Lips
Oral Mucosa

and

complete

Hypoventilation

1.

occurs

when

alveolar

demonstrate

or

the
of

1.

For the client and

significant

others

adhere

Oxygen Therapy

the therapy.

verbalize a decrease in

2.

2. To discern treatment

activity intolerance.

related factors.

ventilation

is

2. demonstrate CRT of

inadequate

to

<3seconds.

meet the oxygen

Discuss

Note

treatment

related factor from disease

factor.

3.

Administer

O2

therapy as ordered

3. To relieve hypoxia
by

delivering

oxygen

at

demand of the

concentrations greater than

body

ambient air

or

eliminate

(21%).

sufficient carbon

4. Monitor V/S and

4. To determine adverse

dioxide.

cognitive

signs,

effect of Oxygen therapy; to

alveolar

watching

for

immediately condemn the

ventilation

changes

As

decreases,
body

in

blood

the

pressure, heart, and

retains

respiratory rate; note

line.

carbon dioxide

skin

pallor

and

cyanosis.
5.

5.

To determine adverse

Monitor

effect of Oxygen therapy; to

Nurses

physiologic signs of

immediately condemn the

Pocket

Guide12th

rejection to Oxygen

line.

edition

Doenges,

Source :

Moorhouse, Murr

therapy.
6. Take precautions

6.

To

on Oxygen tank care

safety

promote

Oxygen