V, 2014

Belgrade Historical Review V, 2014

: 271.222(497.11)-912/14
271.222(497.11)-77312/14
ID BROJ: 211876364

: 23. 05. 2014.
: 12. 06. 2014.

, 2,
vladimir.aleksic@filfak.ni.ac.rs

, 1820,
marijakoprivica81@gmail.com

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*

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1292.
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Key words: ia, Cathedral Church, Episcopy, Archbiscopy, Patriarchat of Pe,
Episcopacy of Gradac.

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(XIVXV ), (. . 177010).

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Vladimir Aleksi, Marija Koprivica

CHURCH OF CHRIST THE SAVIOR IN IA AND

SERBIAN CHURCH IN THE MIDDLE AGES
The Temple of Christ the Savior in ia was the first headquarters of Serbian Archbishopric since it was established in 1219. Because it was the legacy of the
first Serbian King Stefan the First-Crowned it had a deserved high rank in the church
establishment. The archbishop controlled not only the whole territory of the Serbian
church but also was the regional bishop of ia bishopric in the period 12201317.
Thanks to the charter issued by Stefan the First-Crowned it is possible to determinate
the approximate territory of this specific unit of the Serbian Archbishopric. The position of ia church within Serbian church changed significantly due to external attacks
in the year 12911292. The headquarters of the church highest ranking priests gradually moves to the south into the church of Saint Apostles Peter and Paul at the end of
XIII and the beginning of XIV century. Even though the enclosed estates in the vicinity
of the modern city of Pe offered better protection and were closer to the rulers palaces
in central Kosovo, ia church was not completely neglected. The written sources and
the analysis of the fresko decoration of two church complexes leave no doubts that ia
remained the equal residence by significance. It is almost certain that the archbishop
residence in Pe was partly still supported by incomes from ia bishopric and land
estates belonging to ia church.

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Serbian archbishops were most probably still spiritual leaders in ia bishopric

within the period 12921317. It is possible that such geographical remoteness in the
course of more than two decades had an unfavourable effect on the spiritual life in the
West Morava valley. It remains unclear who represented the supreme priest while he
was out of this region for a long time. In the period of the large church reform, carried
out in 13161317, two new bishoprics were established in the area of former ia bishopric. The West Morava valley was taken over by Gradac bishopric, while the portion
of the basin of the river Ibar was assigned to Konulj bishopric. The church center itself
was most probably located within Gradac bishopric but it did not lose its independence
due to this big change. The local bishop of Gradac did not on this occasion acquire
the spiritual and financial authority over it, in the same way as the seats in Pe and
its surrounding land estates had the exterritorial status whitin the Hvosno bishopric.
It is most possible that the rich land estates of ia church were considered as inherited
land and used exclusively to support the court of highest ranking priests, especially
because of the lost of the incomes from ia bishopric. Since 13161317 two remote
centers of the Serbian church were still institutionally connected and considered as
inseparable units.
Data lead to conclusion that ia was not a monastery in the Middle Ages.
This temple should be viewed as a permanent cathedral church. It had the special status and high reputation, and can be described as even higher as it was of the
so-called kings monasteries. This privileged and influential monastery was closely
connected to the ruler. The information about the residence of Serbian patriarchs in
ia originating from the end of XIV and XV century support the thesis that it became more important but was not the only headquarters. It is suggested that in the
same period in Pe, beside the Serbian patriarch, existed the local vicar episcope.
The transfer of the Serbian state center into Pomoravlje due to the Turkish conquests
started at the time of Duke Lazar and his loyal follower named Spiridon (13791389),
which previously was the Metropolitan of Melnik. The Church of Constantinople accused this Serbian patriarch, during the last three years of his life of being Trisepiscope,
that is, possesing three episcopacies and three chairs at the same time or one after the
other. The fact that Byzantine clerics could not comprehend the strong dependence
between Pe and ia may offer the explanation for this interesting episode.

91