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as x px 0 but 2
(you already know there is no px = 0 either in nature, things are
never at rest completely, they have always some kinetic energy
p
which is 2m non-relativistic
2
when passing over the barrier, the kinetic energy of the particle
will be lowered KE = E U(x), less kinetic energy means it
p
moves slower as KE = 2m and is has a longer wavelength, as p is
smaller and p = h/
2
occurs, you see yourself in the window and the stuff that is on
display, the reason is: the E vector and its first spatial derivate
have to be continuous at the boundary where the change in
takes place
the barriers are stationary, U(x) does not vary with time, so we
can perform separation of variables and use time independent
(one dimensional) Schrdinger equation for regions I and III
2 I 2m
E I 0
x 2 2
2 III 2m
2 E III 0
x 2
solutions, as usual
I Ae ik1x Be ik1x
is a superposition of a wave
that moves to the right and one that moves to the
left ) sign in exponent)
where
for
k1
2mE
p 2
I I
( x)I
reflected wave: ( x)
Be ik1x
transmitted wave: ( x )
III
Feik1x
5
x 2
2m(U E )
II ( x ) 2
II
III
F *F
16
(
)e 2 k 2 L
k
A* A
4 ( 2 )2
k1
2
whereby
k2 U
1
2
E
k1
as the term in the brackets varies much less with E and U as the
exponential term, we approximate it to 1 and get for a square
barrier (that is constant)
T e 2 k2 L e
2 m (U E )
L
really hard and hits the wall with a velocity of 5 m/s once every
minute?
his kinetic energy is 1875 Nm, assume wall would beak; allow
him to enter if kinetic energy impacting were to be 106 Nm
T
2 m (U E )
38
e 1.641110
1.641110 38
2 m (U E )
L
2 10 9
2 9.110 31 ( 5 1) 1.602 10 19
6.62510 34
e 10.242
1
10.242
3.56 10 5
Tunneling Microscope
invented 1981 by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, Noble prize 1986,
together with Ernst Ruska, inventor of the transmission electron
microscope (1932)
X AZ42Y 24He
for example
4
U 234
90Th 2 He
238
92
12
13