UNDERGROUND ROADS

Underground roads may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. The
central portions of a rapid transit network are usually in underground roads. Utility tunnels are
used for routing steam, chilled water, electrical power or telecommunication cables, as well as
connecting buildings for convenient passage of people and equipment.

ELEVATED WALKWAYS

Elevated walkways are a type of pedestrian way consisting of an enclosed or open bridge
between two or more buildings in an urban area. This protects pedestrians from the weather.

FLOOD BANK/CATCH BASINS

Flood banks and walls can be constructed along rivers and channels to prevent flooding by high
water levels. They are usually permanent structures that offer protection against flooding up to a
particular design standard.
SUDS

Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) can be used in all types of development to provide
a natural approach to managing drainage. SUDS prevent water pollution and flooding in urban
areas. SUDS also create green spaces and habitat for wildlife in towns and cities. SUDS are a
legal requirement for all new developments, except for surface water drainage from single
dwellings and developments that drain to coastal waters.

OPEN PARKS

A park is an area of natural, semi-natural, or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and
recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. It may consist of grassy areas,
rocks, soil, and trees, but may also contain buildings and other artifacts such as monuments,
fountains or playground structures.

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION/INTERMODAL

Public transport (also known as public transportation, public transit, or mass transit) is a shared
passenger-transport service which is available for use by the general public, as distinct from
modes such as taxicab, carpooling, or hired buses, which are not shared by strangers without
private arrangement.

INNOVATIONS

PERMEABLE PAVEMENTS

Permeable pavements allow water to infiltrate through surfaces that would normally be
impermeable, such as asphalt or portland cement concrete parking lots. Rain and snow
may then recharge the groundwater table, and air may pass through to nourish the roots
of grass and trees. Pervious surface treatments reduce the risk of stormwater runoff,
retaining the water sub-surface as it gradually infiltrates the soil; holding the storm water
in multiple air voids or cells also assists in pollution control through degradation of
hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water, and retaining metals in the structure keeps
them from the groundwater table.

SMOG-EATING CEMENT

Smog-eating cement is called TX Active and the magic ingredient is titanium oxide. When
exposed to sunlight, titanium oxide can neutralize some pollutantsbasically the toxins are

oxidized when they come into contact with the cement. For instance, nitrogen oxide and sulfur
oxide gasses are made harmless when they are turned into nitrates or sulfates. Without the
catalyst of titanium oxide, the nitrogen and sulfur oxide break down in the atmosphere creating
smog and ground level ozone.

SMOG-EATING PAINT

The catalytic paint, called Boysen KNOxOUT, reacts with light and water vapor to filter out
nitrogen oxides. An environmental scientist interviewed in this BBC video says it can scrub out
20 percent of polluting nitrogen.
Manila is deploying the paint in the form of massive murals, which are both beautiful and,
because of their size, effective. Eleven square feet of paint-covered surface can absorb as
much pollution as a full-grown tree, and these murals are close to 11 THOUSAND square feet.

BIOLUMINESCENT TREES

Dutch designer Daan Roosegaardes team -- who have conceptualized smart, interactive
highways and parks that remove smog particles -- are turning their attention to bioluminescent
jellies and bacteria. By merging their light producing compound with plants, the team envisions
illuminating city streets with trees that glow at night.
The glow-in-the-dark plant concept has been around for a while. A University of Cambridge
team modified genetic material from fireflies and the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri to
boost the production of light-yielding enzymes that can ultimately be inserted into genomes -they called it BioBricks. A Kickstarter campaign for glowing plants using no electricity was
funded just last year. And earlier this month, we read about algae street lamps that store energy
produced through photosynthesis in the day to generate light at night.
Glowing Nature, a noninvasive technique using biological paint onto mature trees to create
light-emitting foliage. The paint charges during the day and glows at night for up to 8 hours.

WATER RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FACILITY

Water supply is the process of providing water in a systematic way through installed pumps and
pipe lines. Before water is provided to a specific area, it undegoes a process called sanitation to
ensure that the quality of water received is safe for human consumption. The Philippines water
supply system dates back to 1946 after the country achieved its independence. Government
agencies, local institutions, non-government organizations, and other corporations are primarily
in charge in the operation and administration of water supply and sanitation in the country.
The Philippines main sources of water are rivers, lakes, river basins, and groundwater
reservoirs. The longest and largest river, Cagayan River, discharges approximately 53, 943
million cubic meters of water annually. Its groundwater reserves are 47, 895 million cubic meters
replenished by rainfall and seepage from rivers and lakes. The lakes are utilized mainly for fish
cultivation. The four major groundwater reservoirs are in Cagayan, Central Luzon, Agusan, and
Cotabato. There are 438 major dams and 423 smaller dams. Dams and reservoirs are mainly
used for: water storage, water supply, irrigation, regulation of flood, and hydropower.
The Manila metropolitan area water is mostly supplied by the Angat Dam, Ipo Dam, and La
Mesa Dam (also known as Angat-Ipo-La Mesa water system). Some of the well known and
larger dams in rural areas are: Ambuklao Dam, developed for flood control, irrigation, and
hydroelectric power source of Baguio and some places in Luzon; and Magat Dam, a major
source of irrigation water and hydroelectric power in Isabela.

BIKE RENTING

A bike rental or bike hire business is a bicycle shop or other business that rents bikes for short
periods of time (usually for a few hours) for a fee. Most rentals are provided by bike shops as a
sideline to their main businesses of sales and service, but some shops specialize in rentals.
As with car rental, bike rental shops primarily serve people who don't have access to a vehicle,
typically travellers and particularly tourists. Specialized bike rental shops thus typically operate
at beaches, parks, or other locations that tourists frequent. In this case, the fees are set to
encourage renting the bikes for a few hours at a time, rarely more than a day.
MARKET PLACE

A market, or marketplace, is a location where people regularly gather for the purchase and sale
of provisions, livestock, and other goods

WATER FEATURE

In landscape architecture and garden design, a water feature is one or more items from a range
of fountains, pools, ponds, cascades, waterfalls, and streams.

SCULPTURES

the art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or abstract forms, especially by

carving stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster.
VERTICAL FARMING

Vertical farming is the practice of producing food in vertically stacked layers, vertically inclined
surfaces and/or integrated in other structures. The modern idea of vertical farming uses
controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) technology, where all environmental factors can be
controlled. These facilities utilize artificial control of light, environmental control and fertigation.
Some vertical farms use techniques similar to greenhouses, where natural sunlight can be
augmented with artificial lighting and metal reflectors.
HYBRID TRAIN

A hybrid train is a locomotive, railcar or train that uses an onboard rechargeable energy storage
system (RESS), placed between the power source (often a diesel engine prime mover) and the

traction transmission system connected to the wheels. Since most diesel locomotives are
diesel-electric, they have all the components of a series hybrid transmission except the storage
battery, making this a relatively simple prospect