Sie sind auf Seite 1von 4

Digital Tech 120 Digital Audio Unit - Assignment #1:

Audio Research
Name(
s):

Jonah, Faith

Date:

11/24/16

In the word document below, please research and answer the questions. You must answer in
full sentences, in your own words. You will get 1 point for your answer and 1 point for
providing the URL source. 40 Points total.
1. What is the .WAV file format? Who invented .WAV? When?
Answer: Standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs.
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAV
2. What is .MP3 file format? Who invented .MP3? When?
Answer: It is a common audio format for consumer audio streaming or storage, as well as a de
facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital
audio players and computing devices.
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3
3. What is the difference between digital and analogue audio? (Define both).
Answer:
The common theme among all of these analog signals is their infinite possibilities. Digital
signals and objects deal in the realm of the discrete or finite, meaning there is a limited
set of values they can be.
URL: https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/analog-vs-digital
4. What was the first invention to capture analogue audio? When? Who invented it?
Answer: The story of sound recording, and reproduction, began in 1877, when the man of a
thousand patents, Thomas Edison, invented the phonograph.
URL: https://www.google.ca/?gws_rd=ssl#safe=strict&q=thefirst+invention+to+record+audio
5. What is the gramophone? When and who invented it? How was it better than
phonograph?
Answer: A gramophone record (phonograph record), commonly known as a record, is an
analogue sound storage medium in the form of a flat polyvinyl chloride (previously shellac) disc
with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramophone_record
6. What was the Telegraphone? How did it work?
Answer: A gramophone record (phonograph record), commonly known as a record, is an
analogue sound storage medium in the form of a flat polyvinyl chloride (previously shellac) disc
with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramophone_record
7. What was the Magnetophon? How did it differ from the Telegraphone?
Answer: Magnetophon was the brand or model name of the pioneering reel-to-reel tape recorder
developed by engineers of the German electronics company AEG in the 1930s, based on the
magnetic tape invention by Fritz Pfleumer.

URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetophon
8. What is an audio tape? What is the difference between reel-to-reel and cassette
tape?
Answer: An audio tape recorder, tape deck or tape machine is an analog audio storage device
that records and plays back sounds, including articulated voices, usually using magnetic tape,
either wound on a reel or in a cassette, for storage. In its present-day form, it records a
fluctuating signal by moving the tape across a tape head that polarizes the magnetic domains in
the tape in proportion to the audio signal. Tape-recording devices include reel-to-reel tape deck
and the cassette deck.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tape_recorder
URL:
9. What was the Sony Walkman? What medium did it use? When was it first released?
Why was it so important?
Answer: Walkman is a Sony brand tradename originally used for portable audio cassette/tape
players in the late 1970s. In the 2010s, it was used to market Sony's portable audio and video
players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phones
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman
10.
What does CD stand for? When was it invented? How is it different from records
or tapes?
Answer: Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format, co-developed by Philips
and Sony. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was
later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM).
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_disc
11.
What is the difference between mono and stereo recording? What does 5.1
surround sound mean?
Answer: Stereo (or Stereophonic sound) is the reproduction of sound using two or more
independent audio channels in a way that creates the impression of sound heard from various
directions, as in natural hearing. Mono (Monaural or monophonic sound reproduction) has audio
in a single channel, often centered in the sound field. i.e. and stereo (Stereophonic) are
classification of sound.
URL: http://www.diffen.com/difference/Mono_vs_Stereo
12.
What does it mean to encode audio files?
Answer: Uncompressed audio is mainly found in the PCM format of audio CDs. Generally,
audio encoding means going from uncompressed PCM, to some kind of compressed audio
format. These files take up a lot more digital space. Compressed audio is split into two
groups, lossless and lossy.
URL: https://support.serato.com/hc/en-us/articles/202841084-Audio-Encoding-101
13.
When encoding audio, what does bitrate mean? What does frequency mean?
The "bitrate" on the other hand, when talking about MP3 files, refers to the transfer bitrate for
which the files are encoded - i.e. an MP3 file encoded "at a bitrate of 128 kbps" is compressed
such that it could be streamed continuously through a link providing a transfer rate of 128
thousand bits per second but most of us don't really use MP3 as a streaming medium (except for
Shoutcast, etc.) so really what the MP3 "bitrate" is a measure of is how severely the files is being
compressed.

URL: http://www.dslreports.com/faq/830
14.
What are the standard bitrates used to achieve radio quality? CD or DVD
quality?
Answer: An ensemble has a maximum bit rate that can be carried, but this depends on which
error protection level is used. However, all DAB multiplexes can carry a total of 864 "capacity
units". The number of capacity units, or CU, that a certain bit-rate level requires depends on the
amount of error correction added to the transmission, as described above. In the UK, most
services transmit using 'protection level three', which provides an average ECC code rate of
approximately , equating to a maximum bit rate per multiplex of 1,184 kbit/s.
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_broadcasting#Bit_rates
15.
What is OGG Vorbis? What is .AAC? What is .FLAC? What are all of these? What
is their goal?
Answer: I know MP3 is the most popular audio format out there, but there are so many others
like AAC, FLAC, OGG and WMAthat I'm not really sure which one I should be using. What's the
difference between them, and which one should I use to rip my music?
URL: http://lifehacker.com/5927052/whats-the-difference-between-all-these-audio-formats-andwhich-one-should-i-use
16.
What is .M4A format? What company/program uses this format?
Answer: M4A is a file extension for an audio file encoded with advanced audio coding (AAC)
which is a lossy compression. M4A was generally intended as the successor to MP3, which had
not been originally designed for audio only but was layer III in an MPEG 1 or 2 video files. M4A
stands for MPEG 4 Audio.
URL: http://whatis.techtarget.com/fileformat/M4A-Unprotected-AAC-audio-file
17.
What does DRM stand for? How does it work on audio files?
Answer: Digital rights management (DRM) schemes are various access control technologies that
are used to restrict usage of proprietary hardware and copyrighted works
URL: https://www.google.ca/search?q=what+does+bitrate+mean
%3F+What+does+frequency+mean%3F&oq=what+does+bitrate+mean
%3F+What+does+frequency+mean
%3F&aqs=chrome..69i57.4144j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF8#safe=strict&q=What+does+DRM+stand+for%3F+How+does+it+work+on+audio+files%3F
18.
What was the earliest music file sharing program? How did it work? When was it
invented and by whom?
Answer: 1977 Xmodem a point-to-point binary transfer protocol by Ward Christensen.
February 1978 Ward Christensen's CBBS becomes the first Bulletin board system.[1] BBS
access is limited to phone lines until the early 1990s.
1979 Usenet conceived by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis at the University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill and Duke University.[2] Its primary purpose is to facilitate focused discussion threads
within topical categories (Usenet newsgroups), but it also allows the transfer of files. As of 2016
alt.binaries.* newsgroups continue to serve files.
URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_file_sharing#1970s
19.
Why do some people dislike the MP3 quality? Why is there a resurgence in the
making of vinyl records?
Answer: mp3 sizzle the artificial, unnatural swirling metallic noises that sound like
someones added chime bars to everything, or theres a mosquito buzzing in your ear.

Some people actually say we prefer these noises in mp3s but the research says
bullshizzle !
Added distortion Yet another side effect of the so-called Loudness Wars. mp3 encoders rarely
include any headroom for the encoding process itself, so the added processing pushes the music
even further over the limits, generating inter-sample peaks and adding even more distortion in
the process
URL: http://productionadvice.co.uk/why-mp3-sounds-bad/
20.
What is the file size of a 5 minute audio clip with 2 channels, at 192k at 24 bit
depth of a WAV file? Of an MP3 file?
(hint find an mp3 file size calculator)
Answer:
URL:
When you are done, get on your headphones and check out these audio bitrate examples:
http://www.fastserv.com/kb/article/mp3_bitrate_selection_and_samples/

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen