HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILES

PROPERTIES
DIA

CLASS

THK.

SECTIONAL
AREA

A
300

60

452

C
A
350

65

582

C
A
400

75

765

C
A
450

80

929

C
A
500

90

1159

C
A
600

B
C

100

1570

CRACKING
MOMENT

AXIAL
LOAD

BREAKING
MOMENT

TESION
FORCE

PC-BAR
Dia x Nos

25.2Kn.m

43.6Kn.m

0.62Kn

28ton

7.4 x 7

33.5

77.1

0.6

51

9.2 x 8

38

96

0.57

64

9.2 x 10

37

58.2

0.8

32

7.4 x 8

40.5

128.5

1.02

64

9.2 x 10

46

154

1.005

76

9.2 x 12

54.8

83.1

1.06

40

7.4 x 10

75.7

154.2

1.005

76

9.2 x 12

87

202

0.98

99

11 x 11

76.1

115.6

1.29

51

9.2 x 8

115.5

231.3

1.21

102

9.2 x 16

128

289

1.18

126

11 x 14

106.2

160.6

1.6

64

9.2 x 10

156.5

321.5

1.51

126

11 x 14

181

390

1.47

153

11 x 17

169

231

2.19

77

9.2 x 12

262.7

496

2.05

162

11 x 18

321

634

207

11 x23

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

WEIGHT

118kg/m

151

199

242

301

408

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D300 (A-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 13

2.Outer diameter (mm)

300

3.Inner diameter (mm)

180

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

60

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

240

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

7.4

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

3.2

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 7.4mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.74cm x 0.74 x 3.14/4 =

3.0

0.43

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

452
36,107 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
2,407
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

60.5 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

5.9 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

93.1 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

209.1 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

5.27 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

2407 (5.19 + 4.8) =

25,157

25.2 KN-m

43,645

43.6 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

6,187

0.62 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D300 (B-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 13

2.Outer diameter (mm)

300

3.Inner diameter (mm)

180

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

60

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

240

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

9.2

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

3.2

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

5.3

0.66

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

452
37,652 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
2,510
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

103.8 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

9.6 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

151.2 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

310.4 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

8.14 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

2510 (5.19 + 4.8) =

33,457

33.5 KN-m

77,097

77.1 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

5,862

0.6 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D300 (C-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 13

2.Outer diameter (mm)

300

3.Inner diameter (mm)

180

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

60

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

240

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

10

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

9.2

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

3.2

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

6.6

0.66

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

452
39,374 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
2,625
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

129.1 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

11.4 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

179.9 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

364.4 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

9.40 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

2625 (5.19 + 4.8) =

38,298

38 KN-m

96,371

96 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

5,719

0.57 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D350 (A-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 15

2.Outer diameter (mm)

350

3.Inner diameter (mm)

220

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

65

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

290

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

7.4

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

3.2

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

3.4

0.43

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

582
65,023 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
3,716
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

53.7 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

5.3 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

83.8 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

192.9 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

4.77 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

3716 (5.19 + 4.8) =

36,992

37.0 KN-m

58,193

58.2 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

8,032

0.8 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D350 (B-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 15

2.Outer diameter (mm)

400

3.Inner diameter (mm)

250

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

75

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

330

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

10

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

9.2

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

6.6

0.66

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

765
69,116 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
3,456
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

76.7 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

7.5 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

117.6 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

249.8 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

6.53 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

3456 (5.19 + 4.8) =

40,473

40.5 KN-m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

128,494

128.5 kn.m

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

10,232

1.02 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D350 (C-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

400

3.Inner diameter (mm)

250

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

75

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

330

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

12

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

9.2

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

8.0

0.66

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

765
72,189 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
3,609
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

91.7 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

8.7 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

137.1 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

284.2 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

7.48 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

3609 (5.19 + 4.8) =

45,725

46 KN-m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

154,193

154 kn.m

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

10,049

1.005 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D400 (A-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 15

2.Outer diameter (mm)

400

3.Inner diameter (mm)

250

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

75

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

340

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

10

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

7.4

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

3.2

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONDCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

4.3

0.43

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

765
112,287 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
5,614
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

50.7 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

5.1 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

80.0 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

186.1 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

4.57 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

5614 (5.19 + 4.8) =

54,763

54.8 KN-m

83,133

83.1 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

10,606

1.06 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D400 (B-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 15

2.Outer diameter (mm)

400

3.Inner diameter (mm)

250

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

75

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

330

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

12

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

9.2

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONDCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

8.0

0.66

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

765
119,459 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
5,973
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

91.7 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

8.7 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

137.1 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

284.2 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

7.48 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

5973 (5.19 + 4.8) =

75,666

75.7 KN-m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

154,193

154.2 kn.m

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

10,049

1.005 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D400 (C-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

400

3.Inner diameter (mm)

250

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

75

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

330

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

11

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

11

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

10.4

0.95

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

765
122,080 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
6,104
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

119.6 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

10.8 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

170.2 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

345.2 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

8.99 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

6104 (5.19 + 4.8) =

86,549

87 KN-m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

202,063

202 kn.m

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

9,760

0.98 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D450 (A-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

450

3.Inner diameter (mm)

290

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

80

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

380

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

9.2

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

3.2

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

5.3

0.66

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

929
174,161 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
7,741
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

51.2 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

5.2 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

81.4 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

188.0 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

4.64 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

7741 (5.19 + 4.8) =

76,067

76.1 KN-m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

115,645

115.6 kn.m

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

12,863

1.29 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D450 (B-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

450

3.Inner diameter (mm)

290

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

80

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

380

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

16

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

9.2

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

10.6

0.66

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

929
197,188 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
8,764
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

100.3 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

9.4 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

148.1 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

303.8 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

8.00 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

8764 (5.19 + 4.8) =

115,538

115.5 KN-m

231,290

231.3 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

12,083

1.21 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D450 (C-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

450

3.Inner diameter (mm)

290

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

80

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

380

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

14

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

11

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

13.3

0.95

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

929
200,090 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
8,893
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

125.1 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

11.2 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

176.4 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

357.0 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

9.26 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

8893 (5.19 + 4.8) =

128,470

128 KN-m

289,317

289 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

11,790

1.18 kn

HWASAB HYDRAULIC CO,,LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D500 (A-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

500

3.Inner diameter (mm)

320

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

90

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

420

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

10

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

9.2

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAB HYDRAULIC CO,,LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

6.6

0.66

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

1159
269,845 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
10,794
995 N/

HWASAB HYDRAULIC CO,,LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

51.1 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

5.2 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

81.6 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

188.1 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

4.65 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

10794 (5.19 + 4.8) =

106,205

106.2 KN-m

160,618

160.6 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

16,032

1.60 kn

HWASAB HYDRAULIC CO,,LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D500 (B-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

500

3.Inner diameter (mm)

320

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

90

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

420

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

14

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

11

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAB HYDRAULIC CO,,LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

13.3

0.95

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

1159
296,245 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
11,850
995 N/

HWASAB HYDRAULIC CO,,LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

100.5 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

9.4 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

148.5 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

304.4 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

8.02 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

11850 (5.19 + 4.8) =

156,463

156.5 KN-m

321,463

321.5 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

15,057

1.51 kn

HWASAB HYDRAULIC CO,,LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D500 (C-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

500

3.Inner diameter (mm)

320

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

90

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

420

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

17

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

11

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAB HYDRAULIC CO,,LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

16.1

0.95

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

1159
315,724 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
12,629
995 N/

HWASAB HYDRAULIC CO,,LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

121.8 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

11.0 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

173.0 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

350.2 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

9.11 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

12629 (5.19 + 4.8) =

180,580

181 KN-m

390,348

390 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

14,740

1.47 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D600 (A-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

600

3.Inner diameter (mm)

400

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

100

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

520

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

12

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

9.2

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

8.0

0.66

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

1570
541,357 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
18,045
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

45.2 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

4.6 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

73.1 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

173.7 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

4.19 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

18045 (5.19 + 4.8) =

169,228

169.2 KN-m

231,290

231.3 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

21,905

2.19 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D600 (B-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

600

3.Inner diameter (mm)

400

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

100

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

510

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

18

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

11

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

17.1

0.95

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

1570
610,308 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
20,344
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

95.3 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

9.0 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

142.3 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

293.0 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

7.73 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

20344 (5.19 + 4.8) =

262,736

262.7 KN-m

495,972

496.0 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

20,516

2.05 kn

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

DESIGN FOR P.C PILE FOR D600 (C-TYPE)

A. PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE PILE
1.Length(m)

max. 16

2.Outer diameter (mm)

600

3.Inner diameter (mm)

400

4.Wall thickeness (mm)

100

5.PCD of Pile (mm)

510

6.No. of PC-bar (Pcs)

23

7.Diameter of PC-bar (mm)

11

8.Diameter of spiral stirrups(mm)

9.Pitch of spiral stirrups (mm)

30 ~100

10.Cracking Bending monent

11.Breaking Bending moment

2.PROTERTIES OF MATERIALS USEDED FOR PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

1. Prestressing Steel Bar ( P.C.- Bar)
a)Type : High tensile deformed prestressing steel bar (Jis G 3109)
b)Diameter : 9.2mm
c)Ultimate tensile strength ;

Fpu :

1,422 N/

d)Yield strength : 1,275 N/

e)Modulus of elasticity ;

Es :

f)Max. relaxation, 1000hr :

196 kn/
3%

2. Concrete
a)Characteristic cube strength at 28days :Fcu :

60 N/

b)Target mean cube strength at 28 days : 67.5 N/

c)Strength at transfer :

30 N/

d)Modulus of elasticity at 28 days : Ec28:

32 KN/

e)Modulus of elasticity at transfer : Ect :

22 KN/;

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

f)Shrinkage : 100 x 10-6

g)Creep coeffciemt :

1.8

h)Mix. Proportions : for Reference

Constituents
weight (kg)

Cement
480

Water
150

F. Agg.
720

C. Agg.
1089

Add.
4.8

i)Maximum size of coarse aggregate : 3/4"mm

j)Slump of plastic concrete : 5010mm

3.DESIGN CALCULATION OF PC SPUN CONCRETE PILES

a)Outer diameter : 600mm
b)Wall thickness : 90mm
c) Sectional area of PC-bar ;

Ap = Api x n =

*Api = 0.92cm x 0.92 x 3.14/4 =

21.8

0.95

d)Effective area ; Ae = Ac + n x Ap
* n = Es/Ect ,where : Ec=

196 KN/, Ect ;Modulus of elasticity of concrete at

age t, Ect = Ec28(0.4 +0.6 Fcut/Fcu28) (7.2. BS8110:part2-1985)

= 32(0.4 + 0.6 x 30/60) =

22.4 KN/

where Modulus of elasticity of concrete at 28 days, Ec28 = 32KN/

(Table 7.2. BS8110 : part 2 - 1985)cube strength of concrete at transfer,
Fcu.t = 30 N/(7.4.3.4.2 BS 8004-1986) cube concrete of concrete at 28days,
Fcu28 = 60N/
Thus , n = 196/22.4 =

8.75

e)Sectional area of concrete; Ac :

f)Moment of inertia of concrete; Ie:
g)Transformed section modulus ; Ze : Ie/ro =
h)Initial prestress ;

Fpi = 0.7 x Fpu =

1570
673,616 cm: 0.785 x (ro - r1 ) + n.Ap.rp/2
22,454
995 N/

HWASAN HYDRAULIC CO., LTD.

A. EFFECTIVE PRESTRESS in CONCRETE ; Fce

1)Prestress losses
1. Relaxation of PC-bar (4.8.2. BS8110 : part 1-1985);Fpr
35.8 N/

Fpr = Fpi x 1000hr relaxation value x factor = 995 x 0.03 x 1.2 =

where, relaxation value = 3% as informer by manufacturer, factor = 1.2 as
assumed from Table 4.6 of BS8110 : part - 1985
2. Elastic defomation of concrete (4.8.3. BS8110 : part 1-1985) ; Fpd
Fpd = n[ Fpi x Ap/ Ac+(n-1)Ap] =

121.5 N/

3. Creep of concrete (7.3.BS8110 : Part 2-1985 & 4.8.5.2 BS8110: Part 1 -1985)
Fpcr = Ecc x Es , where Ecc(creep of concrete) = Stress x @ / Ect
@=

1.8 (creep coefficient)

stress = (Fpi - Fpd)Ap / Ac+(n-1)Ap =

11.0 N/

Thus, Fpcr = 5.0 x 1.8 x 196 /22.4 =

172.8 N/

4.Shrinkage of concrete(4.8.4 BS8110: part1-1985 & 7.4 BS8110 : part2-1985)

Fsh = 100 x 10-6 x Es = 100 x 10-6 x 196000 =

19.6 N/

Total losses, Fpl = Fpr + Fpd + Fpcr + Fsh =

349.7 N/

b)Effective prestress in concrete ;Fce

9.11 N/

Fce = (Fpi - Fpl)Ap / Ac - Ap =

B.CRACKING BENDING MOMENT ; Mc

7.75

5.2

Mc = Ze(Fbc + Fce), where Flexual tensile strength of concrete,

Fbc = 0.45 Fcu28 + 1.7 = 0.45 60 + 1.7 =
Thus, Mc =

5.2 N/(4.3.4.3.BS8110:part-1985)

22454 (5.19 + 4.8) =

320,904

321 KN-m

633,742

634 kn.m

C.BREAKING MOMENT ; Mu
Mu = 0.34.Ap.Fpu.d =

D. ALLOWABLE AXIAL LOAD (7.4.3.3.1 B.S.8004 :1986)

Ra: 1/4(fcu - fce) x Ac =

19,976

20.0 kn