Hannah Sherrington

Podcast re-submission
In this podcast I am going to be analysing the legal, ethical,regulatory and
representational issues for my chosen magazine and newspaper. The magazine
which I have chosen to analyse is GLAMOUR. The mass audiences who read into
the content of GLAMOUR, can either have a positive or negative effect on what they
read and consume. A positive effect would be women feeling confident about their
bodies and how they look. Due to the magazines content focusing on body images,
being positive and helpful. The negative of this would be the portrayal of female body
types, and how women are meant to feel and look in this day and age. Fashion
magazines like GLAMOUR, can sometimes send out the wrong messages and this
can end up being the negative effect of it.The uses and Gratifications theory stated
by Blumler and Katz, says that media audiences are active not passive. It suggests,
that the active audience makes active decisions on what they consume. The active
audience theory to this day, argues that media audiences do not just receive
information passively but are actively involved, often unconsciously. The opposite
audience is the passive audience. This audience only observes an event rather than
actively responding. One of the uses of models which could be used unconsciously
when reading a magazine would be Diversion. This is the need for escaping or for
relaxation, this term is known as Escapism.Some GLAMOUR issues may have
featured articles on celebrity weight loss and celebrity relationships. These articles
may be personal to the individual which is being talked about, also private
information that they dont want everyone to know about or to be shared. Paparazzi
can also be apart of this from taking images of celebrities which links to
privacy.GLAMOUR will have good role models in their articles which are being
publicised. This reflects back on the magazine and the celebrities which are being
reported.There are many laws under the Human Rights Act 1998, which prohibit
bodies from trespassing, defamation, harassment, nuisance and surveillance. The
individual can take legal action which includes suing the company from damages to
get compensation.
Representation is how media texts deal with gender, age, nationality, regional
identity, social issues and events to an audience. There is an element that social
groups or individuals can be misrepresented in the news. Media texts have the
power to shape an audiences knowledge and understanding about these important
topics. The relevant issues of representation could be published in a GLAMOUR
magazine such as sexism and stereotyping. For example stereotyping could be done
either negatively or positively. GLAMOUR and other Fashion magazines are known
for doing this very openly. The negative of this. is that articles do write about certain
celebrity news, which maybe false and could shape a person's opinion on them. On
the front cover of a certain GLAMOUR magazine it quotes,Katy Perry and who she
is not sleeping with! This is a good example because we instantly gain an opinion
on the person.The positive would be certain celebrities being used in GLAMOUR, to
advertise a certain product. Such as Kim Kardashian advertising her Sketchers.
Using a celebrity like Kim, we understand her identity and how she presents herself

Hannah Sherrington
as a well known reality star, she is fit and healthy, so gain an opinion on that as an
audience.
The legal issues which would have to be considered and used would be varied. The
first legal issue would be Copyright, Copyright is designed to protect an individuals
material. This would be the content of their work being published in magazines.
Another legal issue which would be included in my magazine would be defamation.
Which protects the reputation of a person from defamatory statements made about
themselves. In the magazine I have chosen to analyse, this would be related to
articles written about celebrities which may be false and could be ruin a person's
reputation or career, if they are not actually true.Another legal issue would be Libel,
this is defined as defamation by written or printed words and pictures. Libel is a false
statement which is made about a person and then put into publications such as
magazines, this can damage the persons reputation again. This is very important
when it comes to magazines such as mine, as it can ruin a person's career and give
people a different opinion on them.
The first ethical issue would be Right to privacy. This gives an individual the
exclusive right to license the use of their identity for commercial promotion. Privacy
plays a major part and is a big legal constraint that GLAMOUR and other Fashion
magazines have to deal with.For example paparazzi photography is usually used in
Fashion publications such as mine.This is before they can even publish their
magazine. Sensationalism would be another ethical issue which would have to be
covered.Sensationalism is the presentation of stories in a way that is intended to
gain public interest or excitement.This would be be covered in my magazine, as
some stories which are published are intended for the public's interest. Public
interest is the welfare or wellbeing of the general public. Chequebook Journalism
would be an ethical issue, this is the practice of paying a large amount of money to
acquire the exclusive right to publish a person's story in a magazine or newspaper.
The essential characteristic is that the Journalist pays the subject of the work for the
right to publish their story. Once a person's story is published in a magazine for
instance GLAMOUR, the person that sold the story cannot legally by law go to a
competitor such as ELLE. This would be relating to publishing the same story
because GLAMOUR has the legal copyright over their work. They would have the
legal documentation to prove it is their story also.Also for my newspaper if The
Sunday Telegraph was to publish a story, once it is published the story cannot legally
by the law go to another competing newspaper, such as The Sunday Times.
Another ethical issue which would come under in my magazine would be Offensive
material.Offensive material is offensive words and images,such as articles,
photographs, and the magazine's website. These subjects are likely to be upsetting,
insulting, or objectionable to someone that is in the publication. Offensive material is
often used in publications such as Fashion magazines, like GLAMOUR as there can
be photos of celebrities and writers being prejudiced with the celebrity content.
Celebrities may be offended by or not wanting to be published into the media. For
example in GLAMOUR and other Fashion publications can produce content in their
magazines which is wrong and unfair. Celebrities can take action by suing the
magazine or the company, if they believe it is wrong and unfair with the content
written about them.

Hannah Sherrington
Next i am going to be analysing my chosen newspaper, The Sunday Telegraph and
the legal issues which are covered.The first legal issue would be Copyright,
Copyright law is governed by the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988. Copyright
is put in place so it protects people's work such as news articles which we find in The
Sunday Telegraph and other newspapers.Defamation would be the next legal
issue,spoken defamation is called "slander." written defamation is called "libel, it is a
false statement that harms the reputation of an individual. This can also have
negative effects on the person who is in the public eye.This may appear in news
articles like The Sunday Telegraph, about certain Politicians or Public figures.
Another ethical issue would be offensive material. Offensive material is any
published or broadcasted content, this could be photographs and websites made
about that person.This can have negative effects for people who are well known in
big industries. Offensive material may appear in The Sunday Telegraph, due to it
being a robust newspaper full of news and investigative Journalism. Certain stories
in the paper are usually undergoing investigation.Public interest would be another
ethical issue for my newspaper, public interest is news and stories for the public.It is
the welfare or wellbeing of the general public. The next ethical issue would be
Sensationalism. This means the presentation of stories which is intended to provoke
public interest or excitement. My newspaper and others, would intend on using
sensationalism as they want to increase public interest for their newspaper, like The
Sunday Telegraph.certain bodies are put in place for both magazines and
newspapers to safeguard people's personal lives such as IPSO.
The regulatory bodies which maintain the standards of magazines and newspapers
is IPSO.IPSO stands for, Independent Press standards Organisation. They hold
newspapers and magazines to account for their actions, they also protect the rights
of individuals. They have high standards concerning Journalism and how it is used
within the media. They help maintain the freedom of expression for the press. IPSO
handles complaints and conduct their own investigations into editorial standards and
compliance. IPSO used to be known as the PCC, which stands for Press Complaints
Commision. The PCC received criticism for its lack of action in the News of the World
phone hacking scandal. This was including Prime Minister David Cameron and MPs.
They then changed the name of the company, due to the Leveson inquiry which was
related to the phone hacking scandal. The PCC closed on Monday 8th September
2014. Then it was replaced by the Independent Press Standards Organisation
(IPSO). The phone hacking scandal was one of the biggest headlines at the
time.The phone hacking scandal involved Rupert Murdoch, the chair and chief
executive officer of News Corp and its parent company News International. A
controversy involving the defunct News of the World and certain British Newspapers
were published by News International. The murder of Millie Dowler was involved in
it.Back in 2002, she went missing though the police believed she was still alive,
because her phone was active.In 2011, it was revealed that the phone hacking of
Millie Dowler, had been accessed by journalists working for the News Of the World.
Another phone hacking scandal was the London bombing which happened back in
2005. It was revealed in July 2011, that relatives of the victims may have had their
telephones accessed, by the News of the World in the aftermath of the attacks.

Hannah Sherrington
These ongoing revelations added to the existing controversy over the phone hacking
scandal by the Tabloid Newspaper. There are around 4,775 victims in total ,around
2,500 of them have already been notified that they were hacked. Nick Clegg said
that The PCC has failed as an effective watchdog.Ed Miliband called it a toothless
poodle The prime minister at the time David Cameron, said that the way the press is
regulated today is not working he also went on to say that the PCC was ineffective
and lacking in rigour. The name of the set of rules that newspapers and magazines
have to follow, is called the Editors Code of Practise. The code is written and also
administered by the Editors code committee.IPSO then enforces the code to make
sure that it is being followed. The latest set of editors code of practise had come into
practise on the 1st of January 2016. There are 16 clauses of the code,9 of these
clauses are where they can be demonstrated to be in the publics interest. Public
interest, is the welfare and well-being of the general public.Public interest is where
the news reported, is deemed to be in the publics interest. The way that public
interest is deemed to be in the publics interest, is if it's under the Freedom of
Expression Act. This means that the public has a right to access information, that is
being held by public figures. Looking at the news for it being in the publics interest, it
will include the exposure of crime or the detection of the crime.Below is the list of all
of the clauses that comes under the editors code of practice. The clauses of the
editors code of practise are Accuracy, *Privacy, *Harassment, Intrusion into grief or
shock, *Reporting Suicide, *Children, *Children in sex cases, *Hospitals, *Reporting
of crime,*Clandestine devices and subterfuge,Victims of sexual assault,
Discrimination, Financial journalism, Confidential sources,Witness payments in
criminal trials, *Payments to criminals. The ones marked with the asterisk is in the
public's interest. This organisation is put in place to handle to issues which I have
addressed.