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Petroleum Calculation Series: Wedge

Formula
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Petroleum Calculation Series: Wedge Formula

Posted By Faisal Yusuf on Mar 7, 2014 | 2

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requested by comments to post about Wedge Formula of liquid cargo measurement,

herewith the article collected from internet
What is Wedge Formula?
Wedge Formula is calculation to determine the small quantity of liquid or non liquid cargo
(On Board Quantity OBQ or Remaining On Board ROB) on cargo tanks, where it should
fulfill the following conditions :
The vessel has huge trim, but there is no trim correction value available on the tank
table,
The liquid or cargo on tank is not touch one or more of the tank bulkheads,
Observed sounding tanks at several points to ensure the cargo is not touch one of the
tank bulkheads,

In order to standarise the OBQ/ROB calculations on board the Crude Oil carrying tanker
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vessels, the following geometric form of the Wedge Formula shall be used and this form of
the formula assumes that the cargo tank is box shaped with no internal deadwood or
pipeline systems, heating coils etc. that would impact the accuracy of the volume
calculated from the sounding. Furthermore this wedge formula calculation makes the
enormous assumption that any liquid found in a cargo tank is in the form of a regular
wedge shape with its base at the aft bulkhead of the cargo tank.
It is obvious that such a series of assumptions normally can invalidate the absolute
accuracy of the calculation immediately given, amongst other issues, the shape of the wing
tanks (the turn of the bilge) and in particular those wing tanks at the fore and aft parts of
the vessel.
The calculation method for the Geometric edition of the Wedge Formula:
Assumption: Given the small angle involved with the trim of the vessel, then the Sine of an
angle can be considered as the same as the Tangent (Tan) of an angle and consequently:
Step 1:
Correct the position of the sounding position with respect to the aft bulkhead of the cargo
tank due to the trim of the vessel, distance = A
A = Tank Reference Height (Observed Height) x Tan X;
where X = the Trim angle of the vessel and;
Tan X = (Aft draft Forward draft) / Length Between Perpendiculars (L.B.P.) of the
vessel.
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Step 2:
Determine the distance of the apex of the wedge from the aft bulkhead for obtaining
information whether:
(1) Should a Wedge Formula be used at all (kindly note that a wedge formula is not
applicable if:
(a) the liquid surface covers the total cargo tank bottom or the calculated apex of the
wedge is at or beyond the forward bulkhead of the cargo tank or:
(b) it is sludge ROB volumes only);
And
(2) Whether the wedge is a regular wedge (which can be checked by comparison with
alternative soundings being taken).
S = Observed Sounding;
F (Distance of the apex of the wedge from the sounding position) = S x Tan X;
E (Distance of the apex of the wedge to the aft bulkhead) = (F A) + B;
where B is the distance on deck from the point of sounding to the aft bulkhead.
Step 3:
Determine the depth of the wedge at the aft bulkhead of the cargo tank, depth = D; D = E x
Tan X
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Step 4:
Knowing D (sounding depth at the aft bulkhead) and E (the distance from the aft bulkhead
to the apex of the wedge), then the area of the longitudial cross section of the wedge may
be calculated,
thus as the area of a triangle = (Base x Height) / 2 then; (D x E) / 2 = cross sectional area of
wedge.
Step 5:
Having obtained the cross sectional area of the wedge, the volume of the wedge is
calculated by multiplication by the breadth of the cargo tank (please note that the breadth
of the cargo tank should be measured at the bottom of the tank at the aft bulkhead
position and not at deck level or elsewhere within the cargo tank).
Volume of the Wedge = Cross sectional Area x Breadth of Tank
Throughout this calculation it is very important that all distances are in metres. Do not use
centimetres for the observed sounding.
Alternatives
Regardless above stated requirement, an I.S.O. standard method is also available in the
event that any Cargo Inspector do not accept the geometric edition of the wedge formula.
This method depends upon the accuracy of the vessels tank ullage calibration tables for
the larger ullages / smaller soundings in the cargo tank. If the tank calibration tables are
accurate for this region of the cargo tanks, then this method will give added accuracy to
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the general method of calculating tank residues after discharge.

This method is as follows:
Step 1:
Calculate DA (the Corrected liquid sounding at the aft bulkhead position); DA = D + {f(Y
(H x f))}
where:
D is the observed liquid sounding;
f is the Trim factor ( TS / LS );
TS is the vessels trim;
Y is the distance of the sounding point to the aft bulkhead;
H is the reference height of the cargo tank;
LS is the vessels Length Between Perpendiculars.
Step 2:
Calculate Ct (the Tank constant); Ct = LS / ( 2 x TS x Lt ) (where Lt is the Length of the
Cargo Tank).
Step 3:
Calculate the k coefficient; k = DA x Ct
if k > 0.5 wedge is not required to be carried out;
if k = 0.5 wedge must be carried out.
Step 4:
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if k > 0.5 then calculate the volume of the liquid contained in the cargo tank from the
calibration tables using the Observed sounding, D, applying the trim corrections.
Step 5:
if k = 0.5 then calculate DX (the wedge sounding). DX = DA / 2
Step 6:
Enter the cargo tank calibration tables with DX, without applying trim corrections to
equivalent volume VO.
Step 7:
Calculate the liquid wedge volume V1; V1 = VO x 2 x k
In addition to above methods it should be noted that if the procedures as specified in the
vessels COW manual are being followed for the determination of the Dryness of a cargo
tank, namely, the sounding of the residues in four (4) differing locations within the cargo
tank, then the foregoing methods of calculations can be avoided.
Assuming the shape of the individual cargo tanks is fairly regular / constant in a fore and
aft direction and, notwithstanding the fact that the vessel will be significantly trimmed by
the stern, then the four measurements, as suggested in the COW Manual guidelines, as
obtained by sounding can be used to calculate an average sounding so as to obtain a
single sounding. The single average sounding can be used directly in order to obtain an
equivalent volume from the vessels tank ullage calibration tables
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Such a method will provide a clearer indication as to the type and nature of the residues
on the cargo tank floor as well as provide much clearer indications as to the profile of the
residues within the cargo tanks.
Source: nautraj.blogspot.com
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Author: Faisal Yusuf

Hi, my name is Faisal Yusuf, but you can call me Surveyor. I live in Jakarta,
Indonesia and work as a surveyor.

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2 Comments
Surveyors
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JUNE 1, 2016

You are welcome..

josephtarellano@yahoo.com
MAY 28, 2016

thank you my friend, very nice, such an effort

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5 Loadicator tricks that can ease your life onboard | MySeaTime - [] is considerable amount of
calculation to calculate the volume by wedge formula. But imagine if this can be automatically

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