Tugas 01

Riana Suprapti // 4301413034 // Rombel 2
1. What is acid and base by Arrhenius, Bronsted lowry and Lewis?

2. Write the chemical equation for the autoionization of water and the
equilibrium law for Kw?
3. How are acidic, basic, and neutral solutions in water defined
a. in terms of [H+] and [OH-] and
b. in terms of pH ?
4. At the temperature of the human body, 37 oC, the value of Kw is 2.4 x 10-14.
Calculate the [H+], [OH-], pH and pOH of pure water at this temperature.
What is the relation between pH, pOH, and Kw at this temperature? Is water
neutral at this temperature?
5. Deuterium oxide, D2O, ionizes like water. At 20C its Kw, or ion product
constant analogous to that of water, is 8.9 x 10 -16. Calculate [D+] and [OD-]
in deuterium oxide at 20C. Calculate also the pD and the pDO.
6. Calculate the H+ concentration in each of the following solutions in which
the hydroxide ion concentrations are :
a. 0.0024 M
b. 1.4 x 10-5 M
c. 5.6 x 10-9 M
d. 4.2 x 10-13 M
7. Calculate the OH- concentration in each of following solutions in which the
hydrogen ion concentrations are
a. 3.5 x 10 -8 M
b. 0.0065 M
c. 2.5 x 10 -13 M
d. 7.5 x 10 -5 M
8. A certain brand of beer had a hydrogen ion concentration equal to 1.9 x 10 -5

mol L-1.What is the pH of the beer?
9. A soft drink was put on the market with [H + ] = 1,4 x 105 mol L1 . What
its pH ?
10. Calculate the pH of each of the solutions in Exercises 5 and 6.
11. Calculate the molar concentrations of H+ and OH- in solution that have the
following pH values.
a. 3.14
b. 2.78
c. 9.25
d. 13.24
e. 5.70
12. Calculate the molar concentration of H+ and OH- in solution that have the
following pOH values .
a. 8.26
b. 10.25
c. 4.65
d. 6.18
e. 9.70
13. What is the pH of 0.010 M HCl ?
14. What is the pH of 0.0050 M solution of HNO3 ?
15. A sodium hydroxide solution is prepared by dissolving 6.0 g NaOH in 1.00
L of solution. What is the pOH and the pH of the solution?
16. A solution was made by dissolving 0.837 g Ba(OH)2 in 100 mL final
volume. What is the pOH and the pH of the solution?
17. A solution of Ca(OH)2 has a measured pH of 11.60. What is the molar
concentration of Ca(OH)2 in the solution?
18. A solution of HCl has a pH of 2.50. How many grams of HCl are there in
250 mL of this solution.
19. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of each of the following weak
acids in water (For any polyprotic acids , write only the equation for the first
step in the ionization).
a. HNO2
b. H3PO4
c. HAsO42d. (CH3)3NH+
20. For each of the acids in exercise 18, write the appropriate Ka expression
21. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of each of following weak
bases in water.
a. (CH3)3N
b. AsO43c. NO2d. (CH3)2N2H2
22. For each of the bases in Exercise 20, write the appopriate Kb expression.
23. Benzoic acid, C6H5CO2H, is an organic acid whose sodium salt,
C6H5CO2Na, has long been used as a safe foods additive to protect
beverages and many foods againts harmful yeasts and bacteria. The acid is
monoprotic. Write the equation for its Ka !
24. Write the equation for the equilibrium that the benzoate ion, C6H5CO2(review exercise 22), would produce in water as functions as a Bronsted
base. Then write the expression for the Kb of the conjugate base of benzoic
acid.
25. The pKa of HCN is 9.21 and that of HF is 3.17. Which is the strong
Bronsted base CN or F?
26. The Ka for HF is 6.8 x 10x. what is the Kb for F-?
27. The barbiturate ion C4HO has Kb = 1,0 x 10
-10
. What is Ka for Barbituric
acid ?
28. Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 is a week acid with Ka = 1.8 x 10-12. What the
value of Kb for the HO2 ion?
29. Methylamine, CH3NH2 resambles ammonia in odor and basicity. Its Kb is
4.4 x 10-4. Calculate the Ka of its conjugate acid!
30. Lactic acid, HC3H5O3, is responsible for the sour taste of sour milk. At 25oC
its Ka = 1.4 x 10-4. What is the Kb of its conjugate base, tha lactate ion,
C3H5O3- ?
31. Iodic acid, HIO3 has a pKa of 0.77
a. What is the formula an the Kb of its conjugate base?
b. Its is conjugate base a stronger or a weaker base than the acetate ion?
32. Periodic acid,HIO4,is an important oxidizing agent and a moderately strong
acid. In a 0.10 M solution , [H+] = 3.8 x 10-2 mol L-1. Calculate the Ka and
pKa for periodic acid!
33. Choloacetic acid, HC2H2ClO2, is a stronger monoprotic acid than acetic
acid. In a 0,10 M solution, this acid is 11 % ionized. Calculate the K a and
pKa for Choloacetic acid.
34. Ethylamine, CH3CH2NH2, has a strong, pungent odor similar to that
ammonia. Like ammonia, it is a Bronsted base. A 0.10 M solution has a pH
of 11.86. Calculate the Kb and pKb for ethylamine.
35. Hidroxylamine, HONH2, like ammonia, is a Bronsted base. A 0.15 M
solution has a pH of 10.12. What are Kb and pKb for Hidroxylamine?
36. Refer to data in the preceding question to calculate the percentage ionization
of the base in 0.15 M HONH2.
37. What is the pH of 0.125 M pyruvic acid ? Its Ka is 3.2 x 10-3
38. What is pH of 0.15 M HN3 ? for HN3, Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
39. What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of hydrogen peroxide, H 2O2? For this
solute, Ka = 1.8 x 10-2
40. Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is sometimes used as a disinfectant.
What are the concentrations of all of the substance in a 0.050 M solution of
phenol, HC6H50? What percentage of the phenol is ionized? For this acid,
Ka= 1.3 x 10-10
41. Codeine, a cough suppressant extracted from crude opium, is a weak base
with a pKb of 5.79. What will be the pH of a 0.020 M solution of codeine?
(Use Cod as a symbol for codeine)
42. Deuteroammonia, ND3, is a weak base with a pKb of 4.96 at 25oC. What is
the pH of a 0.20 M solution of this compound?
43. A solution of acetic acid has a pH of 2.54. What is the concentration of
acetic acid in this solution ?
44. Aspirin is acetylsalicyclic acid, a monoprotic acid whose Ka value is 3,27 x
10-4. does a solution of the sodium salt of aspirin in water test acidic, basic,
or neutral ? Explain
45. The Kb value of the oxalate ion, C2O42-, is 1.9x10-10. Is a solution of K2C2O4
acidic, basic, or neutral? Explain.
46. Consider the following compounds and suppose that 0.5M solutions are
prepared of each : NaI, KF, (NH4)2SO4, KCN, KC2H3O2, CsNO3, and KBr.
Write the formulas of those that have solutions that are
a. Acidic,
b. Basic, and
c. Neutral.
47. Will an aqueous solution of ALCl3 turn litmus red or blue ? explain?
48. Explain why the beryllium ion is a more acidic cation than the calcium ion.
49. Ammonium nitrate is commonly used in fertilizer mixtures as a source of
nitrogen for plant growth. What effect, if any, will this compound have on
the acidity of the moisture in the ground? Explain.
50. Calculate the pH of 0.20 M NaCN.

51. Calculate the pH of 0,04 M KNO2 ?
52. Calculate the pH of 0.15 M CH3NH3Cl. For CH3NH2, Kb = 4.4 x 10-4
53. A weak base B forms the salt BHCl, composed of the ions BH+ and Cl-. A
0.15 M solution of the salt has a pH of 4.28. What is the value of K b for the
base B?
54. Calculate the number of grams of NH4Br that have to be dissolved in 1.00 L
of water at 25oC to have a solution with a pH of 5.16 !
55. The conjugate acid of a molecular base has a hypohetical formula. BH +, and
has pKa of 5.00. A solution of salt of this cation, BHY, tests slightly basic.
Will the conjugate acid of Y-, HY, have a pKa greater than 5.00 or less than
5.00? explain
56. Many drugs that are natural Bronsted bases are put into aqueous solution as
their much more soluble salt with strong acids. The powerful painkiller
morphine, for example, is very slightly soluble in water, but morphine
nitrate is quite soluble. We may represent morphine by the symbol Mor and
its conjugate acid as H-Mor+. The pKb of morphine is 6.13. What is the
calculated pH of a 0.20 M solution of H-Mor+?
57. Quinine, an important drug in treating malaria, is a weak Bronsted base that
we may represent as Qu. To make it more soluble in water, it is put into a
solution as its conjugate acid, which we may represent as H-+ . What is
the calculate pHof a 0,15 M solution of H-+ ? Its pKa is 8,52 at 25 0C.
58. Generally, under what conditions are we unable to use the initial
concentration of an acid or base as though it were the equilibrium
concentration in the mass action expression?
59. What is the percentage ionization in a 0.15 M solution of HF ? What is the
pH of the solution ?
60. What is the percentage ionization in 0.0010 M acetic acid ? What is the pH
of the solution?
61. What is the pH of a 1.0 x 10-7 M solution of HCl ?

62. The hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4-, is a moderately strong Bronsted acid with a
Ka of 1.0x10-2.
a. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of the acid and give the
appropriate Ka expression.
b. What is the value of [ H+] in 0.010 M HSO4- (furnished by the salt,
NaHSO4) ? Do NOT make simplifying assumptions; solve the
quadratic equation.
c. What is the calculate of [H+] in 0.010 M HSO4-, obtained by using the
usual simplifying assumption?
d. How much error is produced by incorrectly using the simplifying
assumption?
63. Para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a powerful sunscreening agent whose
salt were once used widely in suntanning...... The parent acid, which we
may symbolize as H-Paba, is a weak acid with a pKa of 4.92 (.....oC). What
is the [H+] and pH of 0.030 M solution of this acid?
64. Barbituric acid, HC4H3N2O3 (which we will abbreviate H-Bar), was
discovered by the Nobel Prize-winning organic chemist Adolph von Baeyer
and named after his friend, Barbara. It is the parent compound of widely
sleeping drugs, the barbituretes. Its pKa is 4.01. what is the [H+] and pH of a
0.050 M solution of H-Bar?
65. Write ionic equation that illustrate how each pair of compounds can serve as
a buffer pair.
a. H2CO3 and NaHCO3 (the carbonate buffer in blood)
b. NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 (the phosphate buffer in side body cells)
c. NH4Cl and NH3
66. Which buffer would be better able to hold a steady pH on the addition of
strong acid, buffer 1 or buffer 2? Explain.
Buffer 1 is a solution containing 0.10 M NH4Cl and 1 M NH3.
Buffer 2 is a solution containing 1 M NH4Cl and 0.10 M NH3.
67. What is the pH of a solution that contains 0.15 M HC 2H3O2 and 0.25 M
C2H3O2-?
Use Ka = 1.8 x 10-5 for HC2H3O2
68. Rework the preceding problem using the Kb for the acetate ion. ( be sure to
write the poper chemical equation and equilibrium law )
69. By how much will the pH change if 0.050 mol of HCl is added to 1.00 L off
the buffer in Exercise 66.
70. By how much will the pH change if 50.0 mL of 0.10 M NaOH is added to
500mL of the buffer in Exercise 66.
71. A buffer is prepared containg 0.25 M NH3 and 0.14 M NH4+
a. calculate the pH of the buffer using the Kb for NH3
b. calculate the pH of the buffer using the Ka for NH4+
72. By how much will the pH change if 0.020 mL of HCl is added to 1.00 L of
the buffer in Exercise 70?
73. By how much will the pH change if 75 ml of 0.10 M KOH is added to 200
ml of the buffer in exercize 70?
74. How many grams of sodium acetat, NaC2H3O2, would have to be added to
1.0 L of 0.15 M acetic acid (pKa 4.74) to make the solution a buffer for pH
5.00?
75. How many grams of sodium formate, NaCHO2, would have to be added to
1.0 L of 0.12 M formic acid (Pka 3.74) to make the solution a buffer for pH
3.80 ?
76. What mole ratio of NH4Cl to NH3 would buffer a solution at pH 9.25?
77. How many grams of ammonium choride would have to be dissolved in 500
mL of 0.20 M NH3 to prepare a solution buffered at pH 10.00?
78. How many grams of ammonium chloride have to be dissolved into 125 mL
of 0.10 M NH3 to make it a buffer with a pH of 9.15 ?
79. Suppose 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl is added to an acetate buffer prepared
by dissolving 0.100 mol of acetic acidand 0.110 of sodium acetate in 500
mL of solution. What are the initial and final pH value? what would be the
pH if the same amount of HCl solution were added to 125 mL of pure
water?
80. How many milliliters of 0.15 M HCl would have to be added to 100 mL of
the buffer described in exercise 78 to make the pH decrease by 0.05 pH
unit? How many milliliters of the same HCl solution would, if added to 100
mL of pure water, make the pH decrease by 0.05 pH unit?
81. What can make the titrated solution at the equivalence point in an acid-base
titration have a pH not equal to 7,00 ? Ho w does this possibility affect the
choice of an indicator ?
82. Explain why ethyl red is a better indicator than phenolphtalein in the
titration of dilute ammonia by dilute hydrochloric acid?
83. What is a good indicator for titrating potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic
acid? Explain.
84. In the titration of an acid with base,what condition concerning the quantities
of reactans ought to be true at the equivalence point?
85. When 50 mL of 0.10 M formic acid is titrated with 0.10 M sodium
hydroxide, what is the pH at the equivalence point? (Be sure to take into
account the change in volume during the titration). What is a good indicator
for this titration?
86. When 25 mL of 0.10 M aqueous ammonia is titrated with 0.10 M

hydrobromic acid, what is the pH at the equivalence point? What is a good
indicator?
87. For the titratin of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M HCl with 0.1000 M NaOH,
calculate the pH of the resulting solution after each of the following
quantities of base has been added to the original solution (you must take into
account the change in total volume). Construct a graph showing the titration
curve for this experiment.
a. 0 mL
b. 10.00 mL
c. 24.90 mL
d. 24.99 mL
e. 25.00 mL
f. 25.01 mL
g. 25.10 mL
h. 26.00 mL
i. 50.00 mL
88. For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M acetic acid with 0.1000 M NaOH,
calculate the pH:
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution,
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added,
c. After half of the HC2H302 has been neutralized, and
d. At the equivalence point.
89. For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M ammonia with 0.1000 M HCl,
calculate the pH
a. before the addition of any HCl solution,
b. after 10.00 mL of the acid has been added,
c. after half of the NH3 has been neutralized, and
d. at the equivalence point
ANSWER
1. Arrhenius
Asam adalah suatu senyawa yang apabila dilarutkan dalam air akan
menghasilkan H+
Basa adalah suatu senyawa yang apabila dilarutkan dalam air akan
menghasilkan OHLewis
Asam adalah penerima PEB (pasangan electron bebas)
Basa adalah donor PEB (pasangan electron bebas)
Bronsted Lowry
Asam adalah penyumbang proton
Basa adalah penerima elektron
2. Reaksi : H2O H+ + OH[ + ][ ]
=
[2 ]
[2 ] = [+ ][ ]
= [+ ][ ]
3. a) Larutan Asam adalah larutan yang memiliki harga [H+] > 10-7 dan [OH-]
< 10-7
Larutan Basa adalah larutan yang memiliki harga [H+] < 10-7 dan [OH-] >
10-7
Larutan Netral adalah larutan yang memiliki harga [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7
b) Larutan Asam memiliki pH < 7
Larutan Basa memiliki pH > 7
Larutan Netral memiliki pH = 7
4. Diketahui
: T = 37oC
Kw=2,4x10-14
Ditanya :- [H+], [OH-], pH dan pOH
- Hubungan antara pH, pOH, dan Kw pada temperatur 37 C
- Apakah air bersifat netral pada temperatur ini?
Dijawab :
Kw = [H+][ OH-]
Pada temperatur ini, pH=pOH, keduanya setengah dari pKw

Pada temperature ini, air hampir netral karena pH =
5. Diketahui
: Kw = 8.9 x 10-16
T = 20C
D2OD+ + ODDitanya : [D+], [OD-], pD, pOD = ...?
Dijawab : [D+] = [OD-]
=
= 2.98 x 10-16
pD
= 8 - log 2.98
= 7.53
pOD
= 8 - log 2.98
= 7.53
+
6. Calculate the H concentration in each of the following solutions in which
the
hydroxide ion concentrations are :
Dijawab :
a. [ OH-] = 0.0024 M
pOH = - log [ OH-] = -log (2.4x10-3) = 3 - log 2.4
pH = 14 pOH = 14 (3 - log 2.4) = 11 + log 2.4 = 11.38

pH = 11.38 = 12 log 4.17
[ H+] = 4.17 x 10-12
b. [ OH-] = 1.4 x 10-5 M
pOH = - log [ OH-] = -log (1.4 x 10-5) = 5 - log 1.4
pH = 14 pOH = 14 (5 - log 1.4) = 9 + log 1.4 = 9.15
pH = 9.15 = 10 log 7.08
[ H+] = 7.08 x 10-10
c. [ OH-] = 5.6 x 10-9 M
pOH = - log [ OH-] = -log (5.6 x 10-9) = 9 - log 5.6
pH = 14 pOH = 14 (9 - log 5.6) = 5 + log 5.6 = 5.75
pH = 5.75 = 6 - log 1.78
[ H+] = 1.78 x 10-6
d. [ OH-] = 4.2 x 10-13 M
pOH = - log [ OH-] = -log (4.2 x 10-13) = 13 log 4.2
pH = 14 pOH = 14 (13 log 4.2) = 1 + log 4.2 = 1.62
pH = 1.62 = 2-log 2.4
[ H+] = 2.4 x 10-2
7. a. Diketahui : [ H+ ]=3.5 x 10 -8 M
Ditanya
: [OH- ]
Dijawab
: pH = 8- log 3,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (8 - log 3,5)
= 6 + log 3,5
= 6,5
[OH ] = 10 -6,5
b. Diketahui : [ H+ ]=0.0065 M = 6.5 x 10-3
Ditanya
: [OH- ]
Dijawab
: pH = 3- log 6,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (3 - log 6,5)
= 11 + log 6,5
= 11,8
[OH ] = 10 -11,8
c. Diketahui : [ H+ ]=2,5 x 10 -13 M
Ditanya
: [OH- ]
Dijawab
: pH = 13- log 2,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (13 - log 2,5)
= 1 + log 2,5
= 1,39
[OH ] = 10 -1,39
d. Diketahui : [ H+ ]=7,5 x 10-5 M
Ditanya
: [OH- ]
Dijawab
: pH = 5- log 7,5
pOH = 14 - pH
= 14 - (5 - log 7,5)
= 9 + log 7,5
= 9,8
[OH ] = 10 -9,8
8. Diketahui
: [H+] = 1.9 x 10-5 mol L-1
Ditanya : pH.?
Dijawab : pH = -log [H+]
= -log [1.9 x10-5]
= 5-log 1.9
pH = 5 - 0.28
pH = 4.72
9. Diketahui
: + = 1,4 105
Ditanya : = ? ? ? ?
Dijawab : = log 1,4 105
= 5 log 1,4
= 5 0,146
= 4, 854
10.Exercise 5
a. Diketahui : [OH-] = 0,0024 M = 2,4 x 10-3 M
Ditanya
: pH ... ?
Dijawab
:
[OH-] = 2,4 x 10-3 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 2,4 x 10-3 M
= 3 log 2,4
= 3 0.38
pOH = 2,62
pH = 14 pOH
b. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
c. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
d. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
= 14 2,62
pH = 11,38
: [OH-] = 1,4 x 10-5 M
: pH ... ?
:
[OH ] = 1,4 x 10-5 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 1,4 x 10-5 M
= 5 log 1,4
= 5 0.146
pOH = 4,854
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 4,854
pH = 9,146
: [OH-] = 5,6 x 10-9 M
: pH ... ?
:
[OH ] = 5,6 x 10-9 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 5,6 x 10-9 M
= 9 log 5,6
= 9 0.748
pOH = 8,252
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 8,252
pH = 5,748
: [OH-] = 4,2 x 10-13 M
: pH ... ?
:
[OH ] = 4,2 x 10-13 M
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 4,2 x 10-13 M
= 13 log 4,2
= 13 0.623
pOH = 12,377
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 12,377
pH
Exercise 6
a. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
b. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
c. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
d. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
= 1,623
: [H+] = 3,5 x 10-8 M

: pH ... ?
:
+
[H ] = 3,5 x 10-8 M
pH = - log [H+]
= - log 3,5 x 10-8 M
= 8 log 3,5
= 8 0,544
pH = 7,456
: [H+] = 0,0065 M = 6,5 x 10-3 M
: pH ... ?
:
+
[H ] = 6,5 x 10-3 M
pH = - log [H+]
= - log 6,5 x 10-3 M
= 3 log 6,5
= 3 0,813
pH = 2,187
: [H+] = 2,5 x 10-13 M
: pH ... ?
:
[H+] = 2,5 x 10-13 M
pH = - log [H+]
= - log 2,5 x 10-13 M
= 13 log 2,5
= 13 0,398
pH = 12,602
: [H+] = 7,5 x 10-5 M
: pH ... ?
:
[H+] = 7,5 x 10-5 M
pH = - log [H+]
= - log 7,5 x 10-5 M
= 5 log 7,5
= 5 0,875
pH
11.a. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
b. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
c. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
:
pH
pH
[H+]
[H+]
pOH
= 4,125
: pH = 3,14
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
= 3,14
= 4 0,86
= 4 log 7,24
= 7,24 x 10-4 M
= 14 pH
= 14 3,14
pOH = 10,86
pOH = 11 0,14
[OH-]
= 11 log 1,38
[OH ]
= 1,38 x 10-11 M
: pH = 2,78
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pH = 2,78
pH = 3 0,22
[H+] = 3 log 1,66
[H+] = 1,66 x 10-3 M
pOH = 14 pH
= 14 2,78
pOH = 11,22
pOH = 12 0,78
[OH-]
= 12 log 6,026
[OH ]
= 6,026 x 10-12 M
: pH = 9,25
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pH = 9,25
pH = 10 0,75
[H+] = 10 log 5,62
[H+] = 5,62 x 10-10 M
pOH = 14 pH
= 14 9,25
pOH = 4,75
d. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
e. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
12. a. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
pOH = 5 0,25
[OH-]
= 5 log 1,78
[OH ]
= 1,78 x 10-5 M
: pH = 13,24
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pH = 13,24
pH = 14 0,76
[H+] = 14 log 5,75
[H+] = 5,75 x 10-14 M
pOH = 14 pH
= 14 13,24
pOH = 0,76
pOH = 1 0,24
[OH-]
= 1 log 1,74
[OH ]
= 1,74 x 10-1 M = 0,174 M
: pH = 5,70
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pH = 5,70
pH = 6 0,30
[H+] = 6 log 1,995
[H+] = 1,995 x 10-6 M
pOH = 14 pH
= 14 5,70
pOH = 8,30
pOH = 9 0,70
[OH-]
= 9 log 5,01
[OH ]
= 5,01 x 10-9 M
: pOH = 8,26
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pOH = 8,26
pOH = 9 0,74
[OH-] = 9 log 5,495
[OH-] = 5,495 x 10-9 M
pH = 14 pOH
b. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
c. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
d. Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
= 14 8,26
pH = 5,74
pH = 6 0,26
[H+] = 6 log 1,82
[H+] = 1,82 x 10-6 M
: pOH = 10,25
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pOH = 10,25
pOH = 11 0,75
[OH-] = 11 log 5,62
[OH-] = 5,62 x 10-11 M
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 10,25
pH = 3,75
pH = 4 0,25
[H+] = 4 log 1,78
[H+] = 1,78 x 10-4 M
: pOH = 4,65
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pOH = 4,65
pOH = 5 0,35
[OH-] = 5 log 2,24
[OH-] = 2,24 x 10-5 M
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 4,65
pH = 9,35
pH = 10 0,65
[H+] = 10 log 4,47
[H+] = 4,47 x 10-10 M
: pOH = 6,18
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
:
pOH = 6,18
pOH = 7 0,82
[OH-] = 7 log 6,61
[OH-] = 6,61 x 10-7 M

pH = 14 pOH
= 14 6,18
pH = 7,82
pH = 8 0,18
[H+] = 8 log 1,51
[H+] = 1,51 x 10-8 M
e. Diketahui : pOH = 9,70
Ditanya
: [H+] and [OH-] ... ?
Dijawab
:
pOH = 9,70
pOH = 10 0,30
[OH-] = 10 log 1,995
[OH-] = 1,995 x 10-10 M
pH = 14 pOH
= 14 9,70
pH = 4,30
pH = 5 0,70
[H+] = 5 log 5,01
[H+] = 5,01 x 10-5 M
13.Diketahui
: M HCl = 0.010 M
Ditanya : pH = ...?
Dijawab :
[+ ] =
[+ ] = 1 0.010
[+ ] = 102
= log[ + ]
= log 102
= 2
: HNO3 H+ + NO3Ma = 0,005M
Ditanya : pH ?
Dijawab :
[H+] = x . Ma
= 1 x 5 x 10-3
= 5 x 10-3
14.Diketahui
pH = - log [ H+]
= - log 5 x 10-3
= 3 - log 5
= 2,3
15.Diketahui :
massa NaOH = 6 gram
Volume
= 1 liter
Ditanya : a. pOH NaOH(aq) = ..... ?
b. pH NaOH(aq) = ..... ?
Jawab :
[OH ]
= Xb x Mb
= Xb x
= 1x
pOH
pH
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
6
40
mol
V ( liter)
1
1
1
1.5 x 10
log [OH ]
1 log 1.5
1 0.176
0.824
14 pOH
14 0.824
13.176
16.Diketahui :
Mr Ba(OH)2 = 171
Massa Ba(OH)2 = 0.837 gram
Volume = 100 ml
Ditanya :
pOH and pH ?
Dijawab :
n = m/Mr
n = 0.837/171
n = 4.89 x 10-3
Ba(OH)2
Ba2+
+ 2OH4.89 x 10-3
4.89 x 10-3
9.79 x 10-3
M = n/V
M = 9.79 x 10-3 / 0.1 ml
M = 9.79 x 10-2 M
[OH-] = M = 9.79 x 10-2 M
pOH = 2 log 9.79

pOH = 1.009
pH = 14 pOH
pH = 12.99
17.Diketahui
: pH larutan Ca(OH)2 = 11,60
Ditanya : Berapa konsentrasi mol larutan Ca(OH)2?
Jawab :
pOH = 14 11,60
= 2,40
pOH = -log [OH-]
2,40 = -log [OH-]
3 0,6= 3 log 4
[OH-]= 4 x 10-3
()2 2+ + 2
x 4 x 10-3
4 x 10-3
Jadi, konsentrasi mol larutan ()2 = 2 x 10-3
18.Diketahui
: pH HCl = 2,50
V = 250 ml = 0,25 L
Ditanya : massa ?
Dijawab : [H+] = 3 0,5
[H+] = 3,16 x 10-3
[H+] = M x
3,16 . 10-3 = M . 1
3,16 . 10-3 = M
M = n/V
n = M. V
n = 3,16 . 10-3 . 0,25
n = 0,79 . 10-3
19.Dijawab :
a. HNO2 H+ + NO2b. H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4c. HAsO42- H+ AsO43d. (CH3)3NH+ H+ (CH3)3N
20. Dijawab :
a. Ka =
b. Ka =
c. Ka =
d. Ka =
[ + ][2 ]
2
[ + ][2 4 ]
[3 4 ]
[ + ][4 ]
[4 2 ]
[ + ][(3 )3 ]
[(3 )3 + ]
21. Ditanya : Ka..?

Dijawab :
a. HNO2 H+ + NO2-
b. H3PO4
H+ + H2PO4-
c. HAsO42- H+ AsO43-
d. (CH3)3NH+ H+ (CH3)3N
21.Ditanya : Kb ?
Dijawab :
a.
(CH3)3N + H2O
b.
AsO43- +H2O
H3AsO4 + H2O
c.
NO2- + H2O
d.
(CH3)2N2H2 + H2O
22.Ditanya : Kb ?
Dijawab :
(CH3)3NH+ + OH-
H3AsO4 + 3OHAs(OH)5
HNO2 + OH(CH3)3NH3+ + OH-
C6H5CO2- + H2O C6H5OH + OH[C6H5OH ][OH]
Kb = [C6H5CO2][H2O]
Kb telah ditulis di reaksi sebelumya.
23.Ditanya : Ka ?
Dijawab :
C6H5COOH C6H5COO- + H+
Ka =
[6 5 ][ + ]
[6 5 ]
24.Ditanya : Kb ?
Dijawab : C6H5CO2- + H2O C6H5OH + OHKb =
[C6H5OH][OH]
[C6H5CO2][H2O]
25.Ditanya : mana yang lebih kuat antara basa F atau CN?

Dijawab
:
pKa HCN = 9.21
pKb CN- = 4.79 (CN- sebagai Basa
konjugasi dari HCN)
pKa HF = 3.17 pKb F-= 10.83
(F- sebagai Basa konjugasi
dari HF)
pKb adalah pangkat negative dari pangkat dalam Kb.Apabila pKb
bertambah maka Kb berkurang begitu pula sebaliknya.Semakin besar
nilai Kb (semakin kecil nilai pKb) suatu larutan maka semakin kuat
sifat basa nya.Oleh karena itu CN- lebih kuat sifat basanya
dibandingkan dengan F-.
26.Diketahui
: Ka for HF = 6.8x10-4
Ditanya : Kb F- ?
Dijawab : HF
H+ + FKw = Ka x Kb
10-14 = 6.8x10-4 x Kb
Kb = 1.47x10-11
27.Diketahui
: Kb = 10-10
Ditanya : Ka?
Dijawab : 10-14 = 1,0 x 10 -10 x Ka
Ka =
Ka = 10 -4
28. Diketahui
: H2O2
Ka = 1.8 x 10-12
Basa konjugasi = HO2 ,
Ditanya : Kb ?
Dijawab : Kw = Ka x Kb
10-14 = 1.8 x 10-12 x Kb
Kb = 10-14 / 1.8 x 10-12
Kb = 5.5 x 10-3
29. Diketahui
: Kb of CH3NH2 = 4.4 x 10-4
Ditanya : Ka = ...?
Dijawab : Ka
=
= 2.27 x 10-11
30.Diketahui
: Ka = 1.4 x 10-4
o
T 25 C
Ditanya : Kb . . .?
Dijawab :
Kw = Ka xKb
10-14 = 1.4 x 10-4 x Kb
Kb
=
Kb = 7.14 x 10-11
31.Dijawab :
a)
HIO3 , pKa = 0.77 Ka = 1.7 x 10-1
HIO3 IO3- + H+ (IO3- merupakan Basa konjugasi dari HIO3)
Kw = Ka x Kb
10-14 = 1.7 x 10-1 x Kb
Kb = 10-14 / 1.7 x 10-1
Kb = 5.8 x 10-2
b) jadi, HIO3 adalah basa konjugasi yang lebih kuat dari ion asetat.
32.Diketahui
: 0.1 M HIO4
+
[H ] = 3.8 x 10-2 mol L-1
Ditanya : Ka dan pKa.?
Dijawab :
3.8 x 10-2 =
( 3.8 x 10-2 )2 = Ka x 0.1
1.44 x 10-3 = Ka x 0.1
Ka =
Ka = 1.44 x 10-2
pKa = -log Ka
= -log (1.44 x 10-2)
= 2 - log 1.44
33. Diketahui
: [HC2H2ClO2] = 0,10 M dan =11 %
Ditanya : Ka dan pKa....?
:=
Dijawab
0,11 =
= (0,11)2 x 0,1
pKa = - log Ka
pKa = - log 1,21x
= 1,21 x
= 3 - log 1,21
34. Diketahui
: Ethylamine M = 0.1 mol/L
pH = 11.86
Ditanya : Kb dan pKb
Dijawab :
pH = 11.86 jadi pOH = 14 - 11.86 = 2.14
[OH-] = 7.2 x 10-3
7.2 x 10-3
5.184 x 10-5 : 0.1 = Kb
Kb = 5.184 x 10-4
35. Diketahui
: M HONH2 = 0.15 M
pH = 10.12,
jadi pOH = 3.88 [OH-] = 10-3.88
Ditanya : Kb ? and pKb ?
Dijawab : [OH-] =
10-3.88 =
10 -7.76 =
Kb =
Kb = 1.158 x 10 -7
pKb = - Log Kb
= - Log 1.158 x 10 -7
= 7 Log 1.158
= 6.936
36. Diketahui
: HONH2
M = 0.15 mol/lt
pH = 10.12
Kb = 1.15x10-7 (from exercise 34)
Ditanya : ?
Dijawab
:
:
= 0.000878
37.Diketahui
:
Ma = 0.125 mol/liter
Ka = 3,2 x 10-3
Ditanya : pH?
Dijawab : [H+] =
=
=
= 2 x 10-2
pH = - log [2 x 10-2]
= 2 - log 2
= 2 - 0.301
= 1.699
38.Diketahui : Ma HN3 : 0,15 mol/liter
Ka :1,8 x 10-5
Ditanya : pH?
Dijawab : [H+] =
=
=
= 1.64 x 10-3
pH = - log [ H+]
= -log 1.64 x 10-3
= 3 - log 1.64
39. Diketahui
: [H2O2]
= 1.0 M
Ka
= 1.8 x 10-2
Ditanya
: pH = ....?
Dijawab
: H2O2
O2 + 2H+ + 2e-
[H+] =
=
= 0.134 M
pH = - log [H+]
= - log 0.134
= 0.87
40. Diketahui : M HC6H5O
= 0.050 mol/L
Ka
= 1.3 x 10-10
Ditanya : [H+] = ?
% HC6H5O ioniozed= ?
Dijawab:
HC6H5O
C6H5O + H+
M 0.05
0
0
-6
-6
R 2.55 x 10
2.55 x 10
2.55 x 10-6
S
0.05 - 2.55 x 10-6 2.55 x 10-6 2.55 x 10-6
: pKb Cod = 5,79;maka = 105,79

M Cod = 0,020 M = 2 102
Ditanya : pH Cod = ...?
Jawab :
[ ] =
41.Diketahui
[ ] = 2 102 105,79
[ ] = 1,8 104
= 4 1,8
= 10 + 1,8
42.Diketahui
: pKb of ND3= 4,96
Kb = 1,096.10-5
M of ND3 = 0,20 M
T = 25C
Ditanya : pH ND3 = ?
Dijawab :
pOH = - log [OH-]

= - log (1,48.10-3)
= 3 log 1,48
= 3 0,17
= 2,83
pH = pKw pOH
= 14 2,83
= 11,17
43.Diketahui
: pH of CH3COOH = 2,54
Ditanya : M of CH3COOH = ...?
Dijawab
:
pH = - log [H+]
2,54 = - log [H+]
[H+] = 10-2,54
[H+] = 2,88 x 10-3
44.Dijawab :
Rumus senyawa aspirin adalah C9H8O4, sedangkan rumus senyawa

sodium aspirin adalah C9H7O4Na. Terbentuk oleh reaksi :
C9H8O4 + NaOH C9H7O4Na + H2O
Apabila sodium aspirin direaksikan dengan air (H2O), reaksi yang terjadi
adalah sebagai berikut :
C9H7O4Na + H2O C9H8O4 + Na+ + OHUntuk reaksi diatas dapat menggunakan rumus hidrolisis garam yaitu
[OH-] =
[OH-] =
1014
3.27104
[OH-] = 5.5 x 10-6 , missal M <

Maka sodium dalam aspirin bersifat basa.
45.Diketahui
: Kb ion oksalat, C2O42-= 1.9 x 10-10
Ditanya : apakah larutan K2C2O4 asam, basa, atau netral? Jelaskan!
Jawab :
larutan tersebut adalah sebuah basa. Karena nilai Kb ion oksalat
tersendiri sangat kecil. Semakin kecil nilai Kb, maka akan
semakin basa.
46.Dijawab :
a. Acidic is (NH4)2SO4 and CsNO3
b. Basic is KF, KCN, KC2H3O2
c. Neutral is NaI and KBr
47.Ditanya : AlCl3 akan berubah menjadi merah atau biru?
Dijawab : ALCl3 akan merubah lakmus menjadi merah karena ALCl3
merupakan garam yang berasal dari basa lemah dan asam kuat yang
terhidrolisis dan bersifat asam.
48.Ditanya : mana yang lebih asam antara ion berilium dan ion kalsium ?
Dijawab : Ion berillium dan ion kalsium merupakan golongan alkali tanah.
Unsur golongan ini
bersifat basa sama seperti unsur golongan alkali
namun tingkat kebasaannya lebih lemah.Tetapi dari golongan ini ada satu
unsur yang bersifat amfoter yaitu berillium. Artinya berillium dapat bersifat
basa maupun asam. Sehingga ion berillium lebih bersifat asam daripada ion
kalsium (basa).
49.Dijawab :
Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
NH4NO3 NH4+ +
NO3
NH4+ +
H2O
NH3 +
H3O+
NO3 +
H2O
If any this compound in the ground, the acidity of the moisture in the ground
will increase. There is H3O+ as a product from the chemical equations
above.
50.Dijawab :
NaCN
Na+ +
CNNa+
+
H2O
CN
+
H2O
HCN +
OH[NaCN] = 0.20 M
Ka
= 6.2 x 10-10
[OH-]
=
=
=
= 1.796 x 10-3
pOH = 3 - Log 1.796
pH = 14 (3 - Log 1.796)
= 11 + Log 1.796
= 11.25
51.Dijawab :
KNO2
K+ +
NO2K+
+
H2O
NO2
+
H2O
HNO2 +
[KNO2] = 0.04 M
Ka
= 4.3 x 10-4
[OH-]
=
=
=
= 9.64 x 10-7
pOH = 7 - Log 9.64
pH = 14 (7 - Log 9.64)
= 7 + Log 9.64
= 7.98
52.Dijawab :
OH-
CH3NH3+ +
+
H2O
CH3NH2
= 0.15 M
= 4.4 x 10-4
CH3NH3Cl
ClCH3NH3+
[CH3NH3Cl]
Kb
[H+]
Cl
+
H+
pH
=
= 1.846 x 10-6
= 6 - Log 1,846
= 5.73
53.Dijawab :
Basa lemah BHCl terdiri dari ion BH+ dan ClBHCl dg konsentrasi 0,15 ini memiliki pH 4,28. Berapa Kb?
BHCl(aq)
BH(aq)+ + Cl(aq)Kw
[H+]
5,3 . 10-5
28,09 . 10-10 =
Kb
Kb
[garam]
1014
1,5 . 101
1,5 .1015
Kb
1,5 .1015
28,09 .1010
= 0,053 . 10-5
= 5,3 . 10-7
54.Diketahui
: V H2O = 1.00 L
pH = 5.16
Mr NH4Br = 107
T 25oC
Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
Ditanya : massa of NH4Br . . .?
Dijawab :
pH
5,16
- log
- log
=
- log
=
=
=
=
=
9,218 gram
55. Diketahui
: asam konjugasi+ memiliki pKa = 5
Ditanya : Apakah asam konjugat dari Y-, HY, memiliki pKa lebih besar
dari 5,00 atau kurang dari 5,00?
Jawab :
pKa = 5, Ka = 105
BHOH BH+ + OHBHOH + HY BHY + 2 O
BHY BH+ + Y[ OH-] =
=
=
=
= 10-5 x [BHY] x 10
pOH
= 5 - log [BHY]
pOH
= pKa HY
Sehingga, pKa Kurang dari 5
56.Diketahui
: 0.2 M H-Mor+
pKb = 6.13
Ditanya : pH.?
Dijawab : pKb = 6.13
Kb = 10-pKb
= 10-6.13
Kb = 7.41 x 10-7
Mor + H2O
H-Mor+
0.2 M
0.2 M
+ OH-
[OH-]=
=
= 7.41 x 10-7
pOH= 7 - log 7.41
=6.13
Jadi, pH = 14 - 6.13
= 7.87
57.Diketahui
: Reaksi : Qu + H2O
H-
+ H3O+
[H] = 0.15 M, pKa = 8.52

Ditanya : pH....?
Dijawab : pKa = 8.52
pKa = - log Ka
8,52 = - log Ka
Ka = 3,02 x 10-9
[ H+ ] =
=
= 2,13 x 10-5
pH = 5 log 2.13 = 0.33
58.Initial concentration is unable to calculate equilibrium concentration when
mole of both of components which react is same.
59.Diketahui
: HF 0,15 M.
Ditanya : Berapa Ka? pH?
Dijawab : Ka = 6,6 . 10-4
a. =
=
6,6 .104
1,5 .106
= 4,4 . 103
= 44 . 104
= 6,63 . 10-2
b. [H+]
= .
= 6,6 . 104 . 1,5 . 101

= 9,9 . 106
= 9,95 . 10-3
pH = 3- log 9,95
= 3-0,997
= 2,002
60.Diketahui
: CH3COOH
M = 0,0010 M
Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
Ditanya : and pH ?
Dijawab : =
=
= 1,34 x 10-1
[H+] =
=
= 1,34 x 10-4
pH = - Log [H+]
= - Log 1,34 x 10-4
= 4 - Log 1,34
= 4 0,13
= 3,87
61.Diketahui
: [HCl] = 10-7
Ditanya
: pH
Dijawab
:
pH = 7
62.The hydrogen sulfate ion HSO4 , is a moderately strong Bronsted acid with a
Ka of 10-2.
a. Write the chemical equation for the ionization of the acid and give the
appropriate Ka expression.
HSO4H+ + SO42- ;
-
Ka = 1.0x10-2
b. What is the value of [ H+] in 0.010 M HSO4- (furnished by the salt,

NaHSO4) ? Do NOT make simplifying assumptions; solve the
quadratic equation.
c. What is the calculate of [H+] in 0.010 M HSO4-, obtained by using the

usual simplifying assumption?
[H+] = .
[H+] = 1,0102 0,010
[H+] = 104
[H+] = 10-2
d. The error is produced by incorrectly using the simplifying assumption
is 0% because the result of point B and C is same.
63.Diketahui
: pKa = 4,92
Ditanya : pH
Dijawab : Ka = 5-log 1,2 = 1,2 x 10-5
64.Diketahui
Ditanya
Dijawab
pH = 4 log 6
= 4 0.78
= 3,22
: pKa = 4.01
: pH
: Ka = 5 log 9,77
= 9,77 x 10-5
pH = 3 log 2,21
= 3 0,34
= 2,66
65.Dijawab :
a. H2CO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaHCO3(aq) + H2O(l)
Persamaan ion:
2H+ (aq) + CO3 2-(aq) + Na+ (aq) + OH-(aq) Na+(aq) + HCO3-(aq) + H2O (l)
Asam lemah : H2CO3
Basa konj : HCO3b. H3PO4 (aq)+ NaOH (aq) NaH2PO4(aq) + H2O
Persamaan ion:
3H+(aq) + PO43-(aq) + Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) Na+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq) + H2O(l)
c. NaH2PO4(aq) + NaOH (aq) Na2HPO4 (aq) + H2O (l)
Persamaan ion:
Na+ (aq) + H2PO4- (aq) + Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) 2Na+(aq) + HPO42-(aq) + H2O (l)
Asam lemah : H2PO4Basa konj : HPO42d. NH3(aq) + HCl (aq) NH4Cl (aq)
Persamaan ion:
NH3(aq) + H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Basa lemah : NH3
Asam konj : NH4+
66. Diketahui
: a. buffer 0.10 M NH4Cl dan 1 M NH3
b. buffer1 M NH4Cl dan 0.10 M NH3
ditanya : buffer would be better able to hold a steady pH=?
Jawab:
pH larutan a sebelum ditambah asam kuat
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
= 1,8. 10-4
= 4- log 1,8
pOH = 3,745
pH = 10,255
pH larutan b sebelum ditambah asam kuat
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
= 1,8. 10-6
= 6- log 1,8
pOH = 5,74
pH = 8,26
pH larutan a setelah ditambah asam kuat
Misalnya asam kuat yang ditambahkan HCl 0.05 M
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
=1,8 .10-5
= 6. 10-6
= 6- log 6
pOH = 5,22
pH = 8,78
pH larutan b setelah ditambah asam kuat
[OH-] = Kb NH3.
= 1,8 .10-5
=1,8 .10-5
= 8,6. 10-7
= 7- log 8,6
pOH = 6,065
pH = 7,935
Perubahan pH larutan a sebelum ditambah asam kuat dan pH larutan a
setelah ditambah asam kuat = (10,255 - 8,78)
= 1,475
Perubahan pH larutan b sebelum ditambah asam kuat dan pH larutan b
setelah ditambah asam kuat = (8,26 - 7,935)
= 0,325
Kesimpulannya larutan penyangga yang pHnya cenderung hanya berubah
sedikit adalah larutan b karena perubahan pHnya hanya 0,325
67. Given
: C2H2H3O2 H+ +C2H3O2M HC2H3O2: 0.15 M
M C2H3O2- : 0.25 M
Ditanya
Dijawab
: pH .?
:
1.8 x 10-5
=
-5
1.8 x 10 x 0.15 = 0.25 x [H+]
= [H+]
1.08 x 10-5
= [H+]
pH
= -log 1.08 x 10-5
= 5-log 1.08
= 5-0.033
= 4.967
= 4.97
68. Diketahui
: M HC2H3O2
= 0.15 M
M C2H3O2
= 0.25 M
Ka
= 1.8 x 10 -5
Ditanya : pH dengan menggunakan Kb dari ion asetat
Dijawab :
69. Diketahui : pH buffer = 4.98
mol of HCl
volume = 1.00 L
mol of HC2H3O2 = 0.15 mol
m
r
s
= 0.05 mol
mol of C2H3O2- = 0.25 mol
Ka HC2H3O2 = 1.8 x 10-5

Ditanya : perubahan pH setelah 0.050 mol HCl ditambahkan ke buffer
Dijawab :
HCl (aq)
+ C2H3O2- (aq) HC2H3O2 (aq) + Cl- (aq)
0.05 mol
0.25 mol
0.15 mol
0
-0.05 mol
-0.05 mol
+0.05 mol
+0.05 mol
0
0.20 mol
0.20 mol
0.05 mol
[H+]
= Ka .
pH
= log [H+]
= log 1.8 x 10-5
= 1.8 x 10-5 x
= 1.8 x 10-5
= 4.5
Perubahan pH = 4.98 4.5 = 0.48
70. Diketahui : pH buffer = 4.98
mol of NaOH
= 0.005 mol
volume = 0.50 L
Ka HC2H3O2 = 1.8 x 10-5
Ditanya : the pH change after 0.005 mol of NaOH is added to the buffer
Dijawab :
mol of HC2H3O2 = 0.15 M x 0.5 L = 0.075 mol
mol of C2H3O2- = 0.25 M x 0.5 L = 0.125 mol
NaOH (aq) + HC2H3O2 (aq) C2H3O2- (aq) +
Cl- (aq)
m 0.005 mol
0.075 mol
0.125 mol
0
r -0.005 mol -0.005 mol
+0.005 mol
+0.005 mol
s 0
0.070 mol
0.130 mol
0.005 mol
[H+]
= Ka .
pH
= log [H+]
= log 9.69 x 10-6
= 1.8 x 10-5 x
= 9.69 x 10-6
=5
Perubahan pH = 5 4.98 = 0.02
71. Diketahui :
[NH3]
= 0.25 M
+
[NH4 ]
= 0.14 M
Ditanya : a. pH larutan penyangga menggunakan harga Kb NH3 = . ?
b. pH larutan penyangga menggunakan harga Ka NH4+ = . ?
Dijawab
:
a. [OH ]
= Kb.
[BL]
[AK]
= 1.8 x 105 .
5
pOH
0.25
0.14
= 3.21 x 10
= log [OH ]
= log 3.21 105
= 5 log 3.21
= 5 0.51
= 4.49
= 14 4.49
= 9.51
+
b. Ka NH4
= 5.6 x 1010
NH4+ NH3 + H +
Kb NH3 = . ?
Ka x Kb
= Kw
5
5.6 x 10 x Kb = 1014
pH
Kb NH3 =
1014
5.6 105
= 1.78 x 105
[OH ]
= Kb.
[BL]
[AK]
= 1.78 x 105 .
0.25
0.14
pOH
pH
72.Diketahui
Ditanya
buffer.?
Dijawabed
= 3.18 x 10
= log [OH ]
= log 3.18 105
= 5 log 3.1 8
= 5 0.50
= 4.50
= 14 4.5
= 9.50
: Buffer : 0.25 M NH3 dan 0.14 M NH4+ 1.00 L

pH Buffer : 9.5
: perubahan pH jika 0.020 mol HCl ditambahkan ke 1.00 L
: mol NH3 = 0.25 M x 1.00 L = 0.25 mol

mol NH4+ = 0.14 M x 1.00 L = 0.14 mol
*jika menggunakan Kb dari NH3
Jika ditambah 0.020 mol HCl
NH3 (aq) + H+ (aq) NH4+
B
0.25mol 0.020mol
0.14 mol
C
-0.02mol -0.02mol
+0.02mol
A
0.23mol 0
0.16mol
[OH-]
= Kb .
= 1.8 x 10-5 x
= 2.6 x 10-5
pOH = 5 - log 2.6
= 5 - 0.41
= 4.59
pH = 14 - 4.59 = 9.41
perubahan pH = 9.5 - 9.41 = 0.09
*jika menggunakan Ka dari NH4+
Jika ditambah 0.020mol HCl
[H+] = Ka .
= 5.56 x 10 -10 x
= 5.56 x 10 -10 x 0.7
= 3.892 x 10 -10
pH = 10 - log 3.892
pH = 9.41
perubahan pH = 9.5 - 9.41 = 0.09
73.Diketahui
: 75 ml 0.10 M KOH ditambahkan ke 200 ml buffer 0.25 M
NH3 ; 0.14 M NH4+
Ditanyakan : perubahan pH??
Dijawab : Mol of KOH 75 mlx 0,1 M = 7,5 mmol
Mol of NH3 200 ml x 0,25 M = 50 mmol
Mol of NH4+ 200 ml x 0,14 M = 28 mmol
[OH-] = Kb .
= 1,8 x10-5 .
= 1,78 x10-5
pOH = -log 1,78 x 10-5
= 5 log 1,78
= 5 0,25 = 4,75
pH = 14 - 4,5= 9,25
NH4+(aq)
+
H2O(l)
M
28 mmol
R
7.5 mmol
S
20.5 mmol
[OH ]
= Kb .
OH(aq)
7.5 mmol
7.5 mmol
NH3(aq)
50 mmol
7.5 mmol
57.5 mmol
= 1,8 x10-5 .
= 5,05 x10-5
pOH = -log 5,05 x 10-5
= 5 log 5,05
= 5 0,70 = 4,30
pH = 14 - 4,30= 9,70
jadi perubahan pH adalah 9,70-9,25 = 0,45
74.Diketahui
: 1.0 L of 0.15 M asam asetat (pKa 4.74 = 1,8 x 10-5)
pH buffer 5,00 = 10-5
Ditanya :berapa gram sodium asetat??
Dijawab :
Mol asam asetat 1.0 L x 0.15 M= 0,15 mol
[H+]
= Ka .
10-5 = 1,8 x10-5 .
10-5 x = 0,27 x 10-5
X = 0,27 mol
massa sodium asetate = mol x mr sodium asetate
= 0,27 mol x 82
= 22,14 gram
75.Diketahui
: 1.0 L of 0.12 M asam format (Pka 3.74 = 1,8 x 10-4)
a buffer for pH 3.80 = 0,2 x 10-4
Ditanya : berapa massa sodium format??
Dijawab :
Mol asam format = 1.0 L x 0.12 M = 0,12 mol
[H+]
= Ka .
0,2 x 10-5 = 1,8 x10-4 .
10-5 x = 1,08 x 10-4
X = 0,108 mol
massa sodium asetate = mol x mr sodium formate
= 0,108 mol x 68
= 7.344 gram
76.Diketahui
: pH buffer larutan 9.25
Ditanya : berapa rasio antara NH4Cl dengan NH3??
Dijawab :
[H+]
= Kb.
5,6 x 10-10 = 1,8 x10-5 .

=
=
77.Diketahui :
500 ml NH3 0,20 M
Mol NH3 = V x M
= 500 ml x 0,20
= 100 mmole
pH buffer = 10,00
Kb NH3 = 1,8 x 10-5
Mr NH4Cl = 53,5
Ditanya : mass of NH4Cl = ...?
Dijawab :
pH = 10
pOH = 4
[OH-] = 10-4
[OH-]
10-4
10-5 x
Mol NH4Cl =
Mol NH4Cl =
Mol NH4Cl = 18 mmol
Massa NH4Cl
= mol x Mr NH4Cl
= 18 x 53,5
= 963 mgram
= 0,963 gram
78.Diketahui :
125 ml NH3 0,10 M
Mol NH3 = V x M
= 125 x 0,1
= 12,5 mmol
Kb NH3 = 1,8 x 10-5
pH = 9,15
Ditanya : massa NH4Cl = ...?
Dijawab :
pH = 9,15 pOH = 4,85 [OH-] = 1,4 x 10-5
[OH-]
1,4 x 10-5
10-5 x
Mol NH4Cl =
Mol NH4Cl =
Mol NH4Cl = 16,07 mmol
Massa NH4Cl
= mol x Mr NH4Cl
= 16,07 x 53,5
= 859,75 mgram
= 0,859 gram
79.Diketahui :
25 ml HCl 0,1 mol
Mol HCl
=VxM
= 25 x 0,1
= 2,5 mmol
= 0,0025 mol
Mol CH3COOH = 0,1 mol
Mol CH3COONa = 0,11 mol
Ka CH3COOH
= 1,82 x 10-5
Ditanya :
a. The initial of pH =...?
The final of pH =...?
b. the pH if the same amount of HCl solution were added to 125 ml of
pure water =...?
Dijawab :
a. [H+]
=
=
10-5 x
= 16,54 x 10-6
= 1,65 x 10-5
pH
= 5 log 1,65
= 5 0,21
= 4,79
So, the initial of pH = 4,79
HCl + CH3COONa CH3COOH +
NaCl
M
0,0025
0,11
0,1
0
R
0,0025
0,0025
0,0025
0,0025
S
0
0,1075
0,1025
0,0025
[H+]
=
=
10-5 x
10-5 x
= 1,735 x 10-5
pH
= 5 log 1,735
= 5 0,239
= 4,761
So, the final pH = 4,761
b. Jika pH hampir sama dengan HCl yang ditambah 125 ml air adalah
sama dengan 4,761. Pada penambahan air dalam larutan tersebut, pH
tetap karena penentuan pH adalah jumlah mol bukan konsentrasi dari
buffer.
80.Diketahui
: HCl = 0,15 M
Volum buffer = 100 ml
pH buffer dari no 78 = 4.79
Ditanya :
a. Volume HCl untuk menurunkan pH sebesar 0,05
b. Volume HCL, jika ditambahkan 100 ml air, untuk membuat pH turun
0.05
Dijawab :
HCl + CH3COONa CH3COOH +
NaCl
M
a
0,11
0,1
0
R
a
a
a
a
S
0
0,11 - a
0,1 + a
a
a. pH buffer from no.78 = 4,79
pH after = 4,79 - 0,05
= 4,74
+
[H ]
= 1,82 x 10-5
[H+]
1,82 x 10-5
10-5 x
1,82 x 10-5 x (0,11 a)

=
10-5 x (0,1 + a)
(2 x 10-6) - (1,82 x 10-5 a)= (1,82 x 10-6) + (1,82 x 10-5 a)
(2 x 10-6) - (1,82 x 10-6)
= (1,82 x 10-5 a) + (1,82 x 10-5 a)
1,8 x 10-7
= 3,64 x 10-5 a
Mol HCl
= 5x 10-3
= 0,005 mol
= 0,005 mol
Volume HCl
=
= 0,033 litre
= 33 ml
b. Jumlah HCl yang ditambahkan 33 ml. larutan buffer yang mendapat
penambahan air, pada pH tetap.
81.Dijawab :
*Titik ekivalen tidak selalu terjadi pada pH=7, tergantung asam dan basa
yang dititrasi. Jika titrasi dilakukan antara asam kuat-basa kuat maka titik
ekivalen kemungkinan berada pada pH=7, jika asam kuat-basa lemah pH<7,
jika asam lemah-basa kuat titik ekivalen pada pH>7.
*Perkiraan titik ekivalen mempengaruhi pilihan indikator yang akan kita
gunakan. Indikator yang akan kita gunakan harus memiliki rentang pH
dimana titik ekivalen masuk ke dalam rentang pH indicator tersebut.
82.Dijawab :
Metil merah lebih baik daripada fenolptalein dalam titrasi ammonia oleh
asam hydrochloric, karena hasil ammonia dan asam hydrochloric dalam
larutan pHnya < 7 (dipengaruhi kerena asam hydricloric adalah asam kuat
dan ammonia adalah basa lemah). Dimana range pH dari metil merah adalah
4.4-6.2 dan range pp adalah 8.3-10.0
83.Dijawab :
For titrating potassium hydroxide with hydrobromic acid we can use few
indicators. The indicators are metil red indicator, bromtimol blue indicator,
and phenolphthalein indicator. Titrating potassium hydroxide with
hydrobromic acid is example of titration strong base and strong acid. The
equivalen point is occur in value pH 7 (neutral). The color of indicators can
be change around the equivalen point. Therefore the change of color in the
phenolphthalein indicator is sharper (more noticeable), so the
phenolphthalein indicator is more frequently used.
84.Dijawab :
Titik ekivalen adalah titik dimana keadaan asam dan basa seimbang. Dimana
mol asam sama dengan mol basa.
85.Diketahui : M formic acid : 0.10 M
V formic acid : 50 ml
M NaOH : 0.10 M
Ditanyakan : what is the pH at the equivalence point?
Dijawab :
Mol HCOOH = Mol NaOH
M1 . V1 = M2 . V2
0.10 . 50 = 0.10 V2
V2 = 50 ml
Mol NaOH = M. V
= 0.10 . 50
= 5 mmol
Mol HCOOH = M. V
= 0.10 . 50
= 5 mmol
HCOOH + NaOH NaCOOH + H2O

m 5
5
0
0
r
-5
-5
+5
+5
s
0
0
5
5
-5
Ka = 1.8 x 10
86.Diketahui
:
V NH3
= 25 mL
M NH3
= 0.10 mol/L
Kb NH3
= 1.8 x 10-5
M HBr
= 0.10 mol/L
Ditanya : pH at equivalence point and good indicator
Answer:
At equivalence point means that the number of acid moles equal to the moles
of base.
NH3
+
HBR
NH4Br
B
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
0
R
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
A
0
0
2.5 mmol
= 5.27
87. Dijawab :
25mL 0,1 HCl
0,1 NaOH
a. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2.5 0
pH=1
b. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,5
1
1
1
1,5
0
[H+] =
1,5
35
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
1
1
1
1
: 4,2 . 10-2
pH = 2-log 4,2
= 1,37
c. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,5
2,49
2,49
2,49
0,01
0
[H+] =
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
102
49,9
: 0,02 . 10-2
= 2 . 10-4
pH = 4-log 2
= 3,69
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,49
2,49
2,49
2,49
d. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,5
2,499
2,499
2,499
0,001
0
[H+] =
103
49,99
= 2 . 10-5
= 5-log 2
= 4,69
e. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
0
0
pH=7
f. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,500
2,501
2,500
2,500
0
0,001
[OH-] =
pH
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,499
2,499
2,499
2,499
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
103
50,01
= 1,99 . 10-5
= 9 + log 1,99
= 9,29
g. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,500
2,510
2,500
2,500
0
0,010
[OH-] =
1.102
50,10
= 1,99 . 10-4
pH= 10 + log 1,99
= 10,29
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
h. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,500
2,600
2,500
2,500
0
0,100
[OH-] =
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,500
2,500
2,500
2,500
101
51
= 1,96 . 10-3
pH = 11 + log 1,96
= 11,29
i. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
2,5
5
2,5
2,5
0
2,5
[OH-] =
2,5
75
= 3,3 . 10-2
pH = 12 + log 2
= 12,30
NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
0
0
2,5
2,5
2,5
2,5
Kurva Titrasi HCl- NaOH

14
12
10
PH
8
6
PH
4
2
0
0
10
24,9
24,99
25
25,01
25,1
26
50
Volume NaOH (ml)
88.Diketahui : pKa = 1.
V = 25 mL
M = 0.1000 mol/L = 10-1 mol/L
Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
Ditanya :
Calculate pH=
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution,
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added,
c. After half of the HC2H302 has been neutralized, and
d. At the equivalence point.
Dijawab :
a. Before the addition of any NaOH solution, it means calculate pH of a weak
acid.
b. After 10.00 mL of the base has been added means that we calculate pH of
acid buffer.
B
R
A
CH3COOH + NaOH
2.5 mmol
1 mmol
1 mmol 1 mmol
1.5 mmol
-
CH3COONa + H2O
0
0
1 mmol
1 mmol
1 mmol 1 mmol
c. At a half of the HC2H3O2 means that the number of acid moles equal to a
half the moles of base.

CH3COOH + NaOH
B
2.5 mmol
1.25 mmol
R
1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol
A
1.25 mmol
0
CH3COONa + H2O
0
0
1.25 mmol 1.25 mmol
1.25 mmol 1.25 mmol
log1.8 = 4.744
d. At equivalence point means that the number of acid moles equal to the
moles of base.
B
R
A
CH3COOH + NaOH
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
-
89. Answer:
a. Known : 25.00 mL of 0.1000 M NH3
Asked : pH.?
Answer
: [OH-] =
=
=
= 10 -3
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 10-3
CH3COONa + H2O
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol
2.5 mmol 2.5 mmol
=3
pH = pKw - pOH
= 14 - 3
= 11
So, pH of NH3 before the addition of any HCl solution are 11
b. Known : Moles of NH3 = n x M = 25 x 0.1 = 2.5 mmol
Moles of HCl = n x M = 10 x 0.1 = 1 mmol

Asked : pH after mixed.?
Answer:
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)
NH4Cl(aq)
Before: 2,5
1
React: 1
1
1
After : 1.5mmol 1 mmol
[OH-] = Kb x
= 10-5 x
= 1.5 x 10-5
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 1.5 x 10-5
= 5 - log 1.5
= 5 - 0.176
= 4.824
pH = pKw - pOH
= 14 - 4.824
= 9.176
So, pH after 10.00 mL of HCl has been added were 9.176
c. Asked : pH after half the NH3 has been neutralized.?
Answer
:
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)
NH4Cl(aq)
Before: 2,5
1.25
React: 1.25
1.25
1.25
After : 1.25 mmol 1.25 mmol
[OH-] = Kb x
= 10-5 x
= 10-5
pOH = - log [OH-]
= - log 10-5
=5
pH = pKw - pOH
= 14 - 5
=9
So, pH after half of the NH3 has been neutralized were 9
d. Asked : pH at the equivalence point.?
Answer:
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq)
NH4Cl(aq)
Before: 2,5
2.5
React: 2.5
2.5
2.5
After : 2.5 mmol
Looking for volume total:
Moles of NH3 = moles of HCl
25 x 0.1
= V x 0.1
V
= 25 mL
[H+] =
=
=
= 0,7 x 10 -5
pH = - log [H+]
= - log 0,7 x 10 -5
= 5 - log 0.7
= 5 - (-0.15)
= 5.15
So, pH at the equivalence point are 5.15

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