Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
UC-NRLF
.3'
B M
3DE Ibb
:.!
Studi
of Cali;\ --uia
California
i^4.-.^_oy i,
Reflections
on
the
Political
Situation in India
Wll
ith
Lajpat Rai
of Lahore,
JAHAN
India
Reflections
on
the
Political
Situation in India
with
by
Lajpat Rai
of
Lahore,
India
HIFT
.3
PART
598
The Author
what
some-
SIR
Government.'*
come when
silence
In
The
well
man
is
as criminal as indiscreet
ments.
my
The
meaning
That
is
my
justification for
more
Britishers
and Americans,
sufficient to
do not intend to
lose
my
provoking circumstances.
God
many
make a
willing
What
"
in
Is
at stake in the
War.''
"
Our task
is
SIR
Government.'*
I.
come when
silence
In
as criminal as indiscreet
The
ments.
is
my
The
That
is
my
justification for
more
man
do not intend to
lose
my
provoking circumstances.
God
many
make a
willing
II.
The
last ten
ceding
it,
manifests
is
is,
as
That there
it
sedition also
is
maintain,
That there
The
they
latter,
they
belittle.
sures, to
in
down
order to put
sedition,
last ten
a different
tell
years
tale.
for repression
their
The
and
enactment
in
what
is
of sedition,
own
its
significance.
But
seditionary discontent
liave
has
is
in
many
cases.
The
effective.
Government by the
dreds of cases.
The
legislature
Hundreds of
drastic
any news
may
dislike,
powers given to
in
hun-
by Hindus, Mohammadans and Sikhs have been summarily dealt with under the Act,
in
numerous
concerned
and
in
others,
in
huge monetary
resulting
Similarly
thereof.
hundreds
proscribed and
been
eight years
the
Company
without
trial.*
of
last
use of
and education,
The law of
make
to
by a Regulation
it
have
pubh'cations
other
confiscated.
sedition
it
getically
admitted that
sedition that
had made
its
it
was
it
appearance
made compre-
Law on
being
been, that
its
Gov^ernment to select
Even
in the country.
trials,
its
persons convicted.
Numerous
Every
made.
been interned
letter
numerous
arrests
is
have been
opened and
If a return
for or
were
under
in
connection with
make
startling disclosures
political
would
* Since the above was written news have travelled from India that a
same old
crime made
bances
appearance
its first
in the
Punjab
in
in
1908
The
1907.
if
we omit
the distur-
However
political
sive
if
we
crime
take
measures and
sedition
and
in India,
we might say
political
in spite of
crime
in India
It
consfiscation
press
on.
has
by
secret conspiracy
been
muzrded
The Criminal
yet
The
propaganda
goes
secret
intelligence
rampant
private
Violence
On
open
perhaps 1000
fold.
is
political
down
still
100 fold
to the credit
be
in
favour
failed to
restore peace
Lord Hardinge's
sedition
We
know
We
tried the
'1
and
its
can not be
that in 1907 a
know,
it
wave of
sedition passed
wave of
sedition
is
dead or
is
At no
dying.
sedition.
time
but
less lull
-every
it.
with
Some
it
down
was, no one
if it
considerably and
war the
British
is
perhaps
had a splendid
sedition,
by their
The policy
it
for ever.
a strong
politicals
in political cases
feeling.
is
war
six
is
last six
The
officials
and the
loyalists
both
have
come
W^e
in India
their
own
to light
shall
and
ex-
and of
examine
these explanations later on but the facts that (a) that thousands
We
made
in the Punjab,
which
should be of interest in connection with this statement, also some extracts from
the
Empire.
influential.
Tory paper
in the British
trial
now
not
it
not
is
This
is
South Western
not biased
by
districts
and possess-
the
in
by
Act by
Standing
sigiiifcance.
spiracies
may
by themselves perhaps
is full
of
those con-
is
deep
events,
North West
districts
what happened
ing
all
and
eighties,
this
in
one
who knows
what
rest
is
of
Indian army,
is
seething
The Punjabees
are
in the
And
with discontent. f
more or
is
less true
virile
of the
people,
less
at
at Jhansi.
ramifications have been discovered but they are satisfied that the bulk of
if
checked
affairs similar to
that
it
not promptly
versed in the art and ways of diplomacy and they can not
for long
sentimental people.
The
who
are a
are
more or
ant fact
neither
the
nationalists
tremists
less
of general application.
is
that
among
the
drowned
denials
Anglo Indian
The
nationalists.
press want
more
in the
agency
in
more brute
repression and
concilation.
and the
extremists of the
representative
chorus of
authorities,
they deprecate
the extension of
institutions
They
are op-
They do
them.
They
much
less
a large
number of
They hold
and ought to be held by
education.
that India
suffers
the sword.
They admit
it
from over-
to education
Government
and
lenient
to pursue a policy
Some
is
"
damned nonsense
All talk of
make
bureaucracy
in India
among them do
not,
it.
of the
file
lines,
official
They
on
reflection
their
would be a serious
rule.
know, that
to
the
British
it
as tyrranical
and oppressive.
sedition,
have no sympathy.
They
whom
measures
nationalists
deny that
is
**
government
in
it
was
their
and as law
are not only silenced but forced to vote with the Govern-
ment.
We thus
find
is
supreme
measures.
in all
The
fact
and the
situa-
tained
and
that inconsistency
Consistency
by an
ass
and as the
The
fate
asses,
situation in India
is
more important
for her goods.
is,
is
involved.
If
loses
even
is
On
England
them are
will
left
accounted for
The
India.
in
two ways
either by another great power taking India or by India becoming independent. So far as the first is concerned a few
masters.
more
The people
But now
that
am
question.
American
afraid there
The
is
Indians
all
travelling
and
islands
the Indians at
home have
also
come
know something
to
about the rule of other nations over their possessions and the
superiority
which
in their
if
Ivussia.
On
In
some
rule in Turkistan,
Some
not disappeared.
is
is
no unanimity.
not
won by
test
of blood, before
Government and
force
in
is
can establish a
and
lo
who
in that
way
they abhor
dis-
under an
alien
Government than
supremacy and
face anarchy.
vice versa.
that the
common
it
is
alike
and that
may be
and
this
have India
Nationalists,
do not
free,
The
feeling
Mohammadan
for
acceptable
and
getting stronger
who though
they
Hindu and
love to
will
To
this class
belongs a large
England
Government but
is
by
not actuated
the fears
of
by a
the
immediate
future
it
yet
neither their fears nor their hopes can stop the spread of
movement
by the
passed
for
independence.
British
who
are
caught
ill
II
the revolutionary
strengthens
convicts and
of
founda-
its
political
The
truth
is
for
who
course of those,
by
As compared
number of the
latter
their
with
must
counts for
little
is
their recruits.
concerned
power-
large
army
at
its
will
spy
of course.
may
Some
retire to private
life.
The
sufferings
of them
downward and
a good many who
drift
September between 50
periods.
if
may
to
last eight
to
have been
transported
for
life
or
trial
their thoughts.
of loyalty
last traces
any
In
if
in India, is
fire
its
which
what
is
Anglo
in
Say
Indians) may,,
movement
in India
appreciably weakened.
The
reactionaries
among
the
Anglo
whose number
is
fairly large
before the public eyes, are the most important allies of the
revolutionaries,
loyalists
who
amount of courage
a coward, but
it
he
to call a
The
not.
in
no
To
call
latter
but
it
leaves
its
all
means of offence
may be an
who indulge
sure
in the
act of courage
in this sort
mark on the
every reactionary
Indian people
to
is
of
souls of the
in Indian politics
and every
vilifier
Thus
of the
upon them
for
'3
suggestive.
because their
discussions
They can
sedition.
wrongs
No
righted.
be
them
risk
of
and
bring the
in
capitalists,
Socialists,
bureaucrats,
proceeded
against
writer
perilously
Comrade of Delhi
veiled
in
(a
near the
mohammadan
Egypt
history
as
being
Comments on
past
interpreted
India's
discuss
dangerously
discuss
may
may be
it
Andammans.
Act.
may
The
The
Turkey but
had happened
in
his
in
Egypt
in the past.
No
that
in
statements
made by
British historians
Any
by
biased historians
may
afford
ground
transportation for
14
While
life.
in India,
may
hatred.
ican publishers
may
if
contempt or
by European or Amer-
published
be sold
in India
into
administration in India
Government
of Seeley's
translator
/'
it
was
A translator of
on
Mr. Bryan's
to
circumstances,
it
lives
on the
reactionaries
a term
is
such
The
of imprisonment.
English or
of the
Under
these
Anglo-Indian
was
of Lords
proposal to grant an
Provinces.
article
mistakes
American statesman)
British rule in
and sentenced
(the
Executive
it,
an
measure
itself
on the measure.
The
is
politician sees in
rested
its
rejection,
Government.
like
that,
If
supported
an end of many of
direction
his fondly
of a speedy advance in
by
the
Government of India
and
of real
but
it is
dangerously effective
in the
It
liis
15
movement
ridicule the
as fuel feeds
moderate
renewed
with
force,
politics
gives
it
logic
it
feeds
him opportunity
and to pursue
his
and
to
propaganda
fatal
success.
renewed
irresistable
fire
As soon
as the
Outside
their imprisoned
of
number of Indians
the
India,
The
percent.
religions
ties,
their
and
classes
all
communi-
is
due to that
rule.
that
think-
The
treats
them,
affects
without liberty
is
America
are, as
India, than
Some
a rule, materially
much
in their
own
native land.
Alipore
Bomb
This
is
Case of 1908
in
7^
i6
country of
To
it.-
propaganda
secret
results.
meaning
who have
to those
Her sons
in the
pregnant with
on a new phase.
symptomatic
is
is
cause of freedom.
thousands
(in
feel that it
With
is
5 millions
even
in
millions
if
Large numbers
that
feel
without liberty
life
is
mere
existence but
without honour
life
is
even worse.
It is
Hardly
disgrace.
of their
life
is
extremely
painful
high
education,
some
away
of
them
to
see
sullen
their lives,
for
to
suppose that
They
show
die in order to
way
of
noble
It
promise,
of great
mien and
Success
liberation.
every step
immediate success.
other
at
a despised
and discontented.
youngmen
are
outraged
is
motives,
lofty
of
that they
feel
people.
of
They
uoiv
It
would be a
they
is
entertain
slight to their
any hope of
to their
after.
judgement there
is
no
Once a country
It
may
linger
on
for a
how we
Oh
sealed.
its fate is
We
realise that.
British statesman
have
as they
not act
17
What
in
ought to
realise
and once
for all
the
that
is,
it
not
in
the
a heavy
toll
from
they
toll
may
in the
who
people
men
but determined
will cross
it,
You might
try to
exact
the bridge
cross
Nay,
notwithstanding.
collectors as
toll
in
India finds
The
well.
love of
The
is
is
appalling.
The
rich often
buy
are
jails
by
**
Digby
C.
I.
book "
Un
by
method
full
freedom but
of them.
The
their
to poverty
not always
his
its
if
We
in
have no intention
may just
trade returns or
country or by the
by
the
rise in
is
into the
fallacious.
by
The
the economic
position of the
view
it
This
before.
lawlessness
The
that point of
rise
in prices
all
in
wages
is
ev^er
of the increase
in the
of
Punjab.
actually fallen.
was paid
explanation
the true
is
Now
in kind.
was paid
in
he
much
paid in cash.
Add
kind.
is
to this the
change
when he
in standards
of
life
by
the advent of
**
civilization."
poo r
the masses.
is
it
is
The
classes
that have
capitalists or those
The opening of
today.
among
canals
the farmers
it,
are the
Their ignorance
is
colossal.
They
Add
(a)
abject and
grinding
The
19
fell
people physically
fit
They
and
The Hindu
followers.
neither.
It is
in
an over-
in
have arms
latter
trader
Turkish influence
British.
arms.
Their
German
intrigues or of
and
riots
it
is
months
in
What happened
prices.
in
on a wholesale
districts
instalments in
to check
it.
the
North-Western
We
Punjab and
districts
in the
famishing population
causes are political
W.
N.
is
The
root
and unless
they
are
will
The
soon make
will
its
appearance
desperate
men
(d)
(e)
want of training
political
The
in the
in
device
upon an already
The
force.
police
and economic
(c)
last
poverty
for the
to
South W^estern
in the
the
in
scale, in the
despair.
radical
is
more or
20
make
it
enough
wrong
be a
body, yet
non-political
wrong
the
The Hindu-Sabha
lines.
differences
nor courage
They
As
side.
meddles
it
working on
Punjab professes to
in the
a non-political
are
in politics
body
it
always on
has neither
It
It
this,
Nay
ary propaganda
in the
them
Government
The revolution-
also perhaps.
Punjab owes
part at least
its virility in
The
in that province.
latter
has been
have
in
this respect
lines
The
political
by
as
by
life
in the
the oppressive
judiciary, as
the
alive
India.*
*
The Bengalee
it
in the
parallel
either
in
Bengal,
or in
unique
They have no
in the
would be
difficult to find
Bombay
or even
in
Madras or U.
Yet
P.
Punjab Press*
tlic
anywhere
for conviction
least
else in
The
India.
or reliable
sufficient
last
the
of Russian
contemptible
methods,
employing
in
can
reads the
find
evidence in the
agents
Any
who
one
take the
of Police Amritsar
is
191
him
man who
Bela
a police spy.
the
Straits
could
work
as
Settlement,
man had
knew some
spent sometime
of
the
returned
who was
through
a constant
his
party.
Witness
justice."
all
At witness
that
the cofispirators
* The sentences given in the I -ahore Conspiracy Case have proved too
much even for the Punjabee Press. The Tribune and the Punjabee have come
out with bold protests. The Tribune charactrises them as " shocking " and
the
comments of
>
voice of protest.
and manly.
^/^
agreed
to
The
following
is
p^
amis''
by-
He
Deputy Superintendent Liaqat Hussein Khan
** made a long statement wherein he explained how he won
How
their plans
he entered into
in their discussion
but
it
ments
will
are
for
greatest,
the
simple
least
reason
affected
last fifty
What
is
the Punjab
that
the
by
the
years and
the most
Goverment
abnormal increase
in
lawlessness,
denominational disputes
years.
Lip
multiplied,
in
and
in political
crime and
have
The
more
loyalty
manifestations
of
On
to
the unrest
their
the
to
be
reported in
full.
Regulations, and by
opposition to
their
the expansion of
education.*
It
The
of degree.
India
discontent in
is
based on funda-
The
pacified.
truth
is,
spirit
is
no
The
present policy
is
one of
their
fine
much
avail
now.
Say what
fundamental rights.
the
Government
should be maintained.
Indian
politicians
is
in their interests
it is
The
and the
extremists
among
London Times
admissions
that,
The
fact is
is
*As
feel
the Anglo-
also
their
is
in
only possible by
fundamental rights.
The whole
an
De Wet and
the field openly as rebels, they carried their lives in their hands
forfeit.
weapons."
and many of
among
Iheir
world
is
nation
is
free to
boys and
Every
interested
giving a military
in
and
citizens
in teaching
tactics.
Some
civilized
training
to
her
No
others do it on a voluntary basis.
Government entided to be called sane ever thinks of
denying arms to such of its people as want to use them
The free possession of arms and
for legitimate purposes.
conscription,
national defence
Even
the
Amir
is
and
is
in their military
training
is
preparations
Even China
In Japan military
compulsory.
the
ammunition and
in
who
to those
this
is
invent
subject people.
Why ?
old ones.
to
All
to
them.
"
A five
year old boy of Munshi ganj Road, Kidderpore, had a toy pistol
On
how
to
do
off to the
it.
at
showed him
fire arm.
The boy was eventually sent up
and the Court tlned him three rupees."
The
the artillery
No
Indian
No
their
They can be
mere
enrolled as
Beyond
certain numbers.
in
Much
fuss
has been
The
the greatest
truth
is
boon
mad
much
made
in
Nor can
of the Indians
European War.
if that was
the
on them.
Without, the
Indian
contingent,
interests.
Britain
The whole
moved from
India.
The
British
France.
the
manu-
less to
soldiers
facture them.
by
fit
Why ?
civil
Are
Are they
however
social position,
Why ?
imposed
restrictions are
of the white
in
Great
force
to
re-
it
army
distrustful
also.
The
British
Government
No amount
is
always
of false state-
ments and
fallacious reasoning
British
in
military training,
because,
They
fear that
some day
the
26
view
it
why
But then,
right.
why
is
na-
tional
make
The
and
false
know
British
in the
power.
is
One may
this.
may
dom
steal
purchase
illicitly
and honor of
life
sisters,
and
his daughters).*
It is this
and property,
mother, his
losses
life
hav^e suffered
from the
in
in the
of India
is
a foreign
subjects and
who do
of loyalty becomes
else-
in
trust their
their loyalty.
In the
So long
press have
ruffians bent
to secure fire
law abiding section of the community have for the most part continued helpless
owing
to
See also
-/
continues
it is
and
it,
arises
India
in
as
it,
Never before
national Government.
of British rule
Government
treat
if
was
it
their
own
helplessness that
mind.
"
Suppose the
new
fear has
British lose,
we
Indian.
the
the
by
deserve to be despised
the world.
is
much
prayers of Indian C.
Even
really a despic-\
tb.e
hands of thoJ
The
Khan
is.
I.
The time
decay.
What
is
to
will
by agreement,
world power
will
come when
their
prowess
in
arms
sheep?
The very
But
this is
idea
is
not the
Government
is
interest in
them
is
only secondary.
Let us look
under British rule
parts, for
at education
now
over a century
in the Punjab.
in
India.
for a century
in others
and for
been
India has
and a
some
half in
at least
65 years
nigh
illiteracy is well
Great-
est ignorance prevails
What
among
the
classes,
28
rule in India.
British
Some
Nothing.
may no
and
it
not at
is
all
is
classes flourished
The
contented.
facilities
available to
have disappeared
(3)
them
dis-
because the
in the early
foreign
is
always
incit-
them and
devoted heads both by word and
lender.
trader
or
money
Nothing.
Technological
Institute.
Institutes are
called
by
The
that
is
In the whole
not a single
name only by
is
courtesy.
no provision
in
In
any
Italians,
Americans and
in
own
29
necessity of
The
student Hfe
is
know
it
for
them.
It is
There
not a single
is
work
full
in
steamers
of mines there
is
is
Hundreds of
is
no
In the whole
of India with
its
The
is
not a single
Indian Government,
the produce of
wheat
oil,
in raising the
lot to
encourage
Originally they
in the
way and
latterly
that market
own consumption
it
Perhaps
know
that they
it
is
They
had not
30
their
duty to India
tlieir
own
side.
done
set
The
British
in these
Government
can not go
in India
in
for
a danger of even
is
same reason
high class
real
directly
engage
in
primarily conducted
The people
industrially
benefits
in the interests
commercially
England and
But that
not
is
Government
is
all.
for the
in
India
is
of India.
and
free
protect
opposed to
is
dependent
illiterate
because
and
that
The Government
in sciences, in
engineer-
ing and in medicine for the simple reason that the higher
own
people.
Of
late the
number of
knowledge
in British
increased as to
and other
become rather
They can not
these services.
contented
w'ith
qualifications,
The
31
and perhaps
at
of no
times,
qualifications.
luigland which in
itself is
compete
discontinue
some of
They
will allow^
professors
in
educational
the
service.
make
so large as to
it
Government.
local bodies
It is
The same
is
fit
the dread of
It is that
dread that
is
is
real
Britishers
the dominating
Government
India
The
in India.
Many
credulous
big holes
men swayed by
who
and Japan,
their
self-
on the
in
(P. 23,
see also P. P. 27
An
and
Essay
28}.
interest
The
In
all
reliable.
are
British
good
frank,
and
and the
may
latter,
however,
upon others
inflict
in
injustice
doing
and
The
so.
state is greater
is
immoral and
is
vicious.
latter
In Great Britain
German
that state
really interchangeable
The
Professor.
is
State in
therefore
The
distinct
India
is
latter
in India
is
good, benevolent,
just,
kind,
by
state in
Everything
all
these
is
in the
is
no
possibility of
self-
At
the
commencement of
the
war
The Pioneer
of Allahabad a semi
The
official
Even
the
is
and must be of
far
Tory
Press led
House of Lords
the
in
matter of
U. P. Executive
the
all
much
can not be
built
We
propose however,
come up
for discussion
III.
The
may
Indian politicians
three classes.
The
(a)
who
They do
extremists
fundamental grounds.
can or
will
kind or any
They
self
appreciative
memorials.
propaganda on
base their
Some
of
making
petitions
**
voluntarily.
and sending
Swaraj
"
;
is
possible except
They
by
some
them
active revolt or
feel that
to
meantime
it is
their
duty to do as
as they can,
guerilla warfare
and by conducting a
may
much
their losses.
What
the
terrorist
flag flying
In their opinion
it
is
tactics of
campaign.
no matter how
the only
way
to
be judged from an
article of the
give extracts
34
How
cause.
make
and gaining
it
fresh
effective for
recruits to
far
imtheir
another
is
question.
The Moderates
(b)
who want
on
Congress
constitutional lines
The men
the Government.
hardly
be
in
power
in
loyalists
their party
can
who
are
distinguished
all
agitation leaving
Good
many Moderates believe that after the war the Government
will make large political concessions and the country will
make a material advance on the road to self-government on
They have not yet formulated their procolonial lines.
gramme* but the demands that are likely to be made may be
every thing to the good sense of the Government.
classified as
( I )
it
below.
Some
men
license.
of the
Indian youths.
(
3 )
Army
Improvements
commissions to Indians.
in the position
and'prospects of the
Indian soldier.
( 5 )
change
in
the
constitution of the
Imperial
* Since
it.
Changes
this
autonomy and
by Indians.
Their burden
is
~
Non
(a)
35
official,
counil.
(b)
Direct election.
(c)
Removal of
restrictions
the
in
choice of
candidates.
Freedom of debate.
Freedom from the embargo of
(d)
(e)
the Secretary
fiscal legislation.
provincial fiscal
in provincial
legislation.
(
Executive Councils
(a)
without them.
(b)
least
That the
(c)
(
Compulsory
provision
education,
Commercial
Technical,
for
should be elected.
primary
with
and
ample
Scientific
education.
(10)
Complete separation of
functions with
High Courts
in
judicial
from executive
Governors
Commissioners
(12)
agency
in place of
trials.
(13)
Inaugaration
of
(14)
and
tariff
under
Government
for
all
The
competitive exami-
industries
in
England.
30
book within
(i6)
travel
Freedom of
(18)
from
education.
official
control
may
be done under
3,
the
nor
will
they
in
who
They
will
manage
fidelity,
T/ie
of extremism
is
situation will
become more
to
made
be seen.
feels
fiuidamental
and control
How
be
to popular control of
of India.
not
will
the
9,
Minor concessions
and something might
16.
ment
4 and
any way.
The
Even the
Government of
be
effect
and then
will
after
the
war.
is
on and
and
acute economic
tlicre is
in all
war allowances
losses
to
and
etc.
for extra
work
entailed
Thus
in patience
and
The odds
engaged.
in
may work
favour
his
is
are
all
in
against him.
of
righteousness
the
may
It is
is
I^ritish fear
altogether.
patriot
The only
thing
cause.
With
his
far between.
(3)
The
whom
who
Their number
position of advantage.
is
by no means veiy
demands
their
services are
ment
for
bound
will find
it
possibility of large
substantial
It
impossible
to
grant.
So
there
may
is
self-government the
country
every
in their lot
demand
practically
is
ar.d
is
bound
to
So
no one
With
far the
in the
world to contest
their right to
if
there
do as they
was
liked.
Government
in India will
Even the
No body
turbing elements.
war.
38
dis-
is
from the
w^ar.
British
different seats of
their
own
fact alone
in inferior positions
The
different.
come
is
going to
them
is
least the
talk
It will
and
Muslim
is
at least
entirely
w^ar
No
far occupied.
would be
attitude
In fact there
in
be impossible to keep
be possible.
aftect seriously
India.
in
one believes
it
to
The
seeds of future
A discontented
like to
or lose
whether they
will
altogether.
the British cannot govern India on the old lines even for the
No
is
anxious
may change
at
any
moment ending
India.
in
39
results disastrous
hope of
is
disables
its
im.possible.
We
one of anxious
Britishers,
say
so,
for
May we
enough
not in a
solicitude
spirit
to
and
hope that
make recovery
of insolence but in
dearest friends.
little
Jingo Imperialism
for the
we have
PART
II,
PERSONAL NOTE.
The
reflections
recorded in this
form as
was
leaflet
They
them and no
British publication
do
likely to
so.
my life I
my country gives me
publish my opinions.
my
mind and
my
without
by
trial
in
As
year.
then predicted
India,
the Pioneer
release,
have been
The shadow
years
these
all
The
went.
arrest, search,
of those interested
in
me
because
is
it
never forgive a
enemy.
my
Conduct
like this
well
their
fear
filled
of
my
the minds
understood
mistake
and
decided to treat as
would lower
think.
been treated as a
suspect.
than before.
that
on
my
never
left
my
guard.
Immediately on
engaged
in
famine
relief
my
it
sorrounded by a Police
return
from deportation
eminently
My
successful.
officials
opera-
one of
some
In
it.
laboured.
movement
officials
from accepting
place
The
tions were,
but their
by
willingly
and
the
42
relief
my
districts
IVIagisterate
in
my
by
distributed
agents.
by
In one
in
some
again they
others
it
I managed to
young volunteers
working under me did noble work. The work was hardly
finished when the head of the Punjab Government and the
Yet
officials.
Higher
Officials
me and
change
so on.
in the
One
me
my
to resume
in India for
(Secondly) because
my
touchingly to return.
father
So
and
my
family urged
me most
me by
the end of
my
the
case
'*
against
in
my
43
favour and
down
settled
decided
whom
had
London and
in
left
down when
my
son
the prosecution
for
also
Civil
settled
at
my
make money
to
had hardly
me
against
P^ventually
house
the
in
search
was discovered
it
there
my
My
by
the
the
an
public
few^ friends
own safety
ed to leave me.
effective
by
was
handle to
was
little
left
The
officials.
satisfactory
by
in
explanation of cer-
Still
threatened
was nothing
concerned.
deemed
Parma Nand.
Bhai
of
that
that
had stuck to me
was
me
felt it
institutions in
was required to
from
interest-
all activities
was put on
my
was considered
to
my
be
The
which
Hindu Leaders.
was considered necessary and pressed in the interests of the Hindu Community in general and of the Arya
Samaj in particular.
The Arya Samaj was then being
prosecuted at Patiala and the general belief was that this was
step
then
So once more
left
been
for
my
son in
transferred
England and
Just
after
a sanitorium.
another stay of
44
my
six
was asked
High Court
to attend the
The
diseased son.
my
Civil
my
own.
my
bed of
It
son.
down
some
slight
work
my
profession.
any public
in
At
my
me and
closed to
work.
political
Hindus, opposed
Some
life.
my
titled
among
gentlemen
my
election
letter to
the
my
to
was not
Lahore thought
it
bility
of
election
my
in
several
The
titled
officials
if
me
that
the Hindu
no way slackened.
against me.
election
was
supporters and
my
my
the
a Municipal
as
In reply, he informed
me.
my election
election
if
vilifica-
and opposition.
wrote a
the
to
activity except
in
depressed classes.
I
opposition
The Deputy
gentlemen
and
in a
my
Honorary
campaign
them
and they found
my
no way affected
in
45
my
influence with
So
favour.
make up
time
division.
The
letter
their
Eventually
me
my
instructions of the
was done to
limit
my
me
the public
life
was
vince
their confidence
in
my
elected to a seat
by a vote of 28
would be
better
if I
withdrew.
professional career or to
work,
was considered
me
position
same time
In the spring of
was informally
No
decision
was due
that
my
be above reproach.
to
told that
was recorded
On my
in writing.
any suspicion
was assured
to
my
regained
profession.
sional
gave
this
life
gave a suitable
election
of advice,
commisioner of the
In the mean-
letter
official
containing a
my
in
took them
it
official Gazette.
had
countrymen.
any
enquiring
defect in
relating to
my
my
profes-
professional conduct
Under
the circum-
stances the only possible reason for this action was the fact
of
my
my
my
clients,
would not be
however stuck
safe in
to
The news
broadcast by my
political reasons.
me
my
disliked
me and
hands.
The bulk
that
of
me
much
so
Twice
my
work
at law.
In the meantime
gave away
my
all
the rest of
my
a trip
So
post-
my
scheme
of the depressed
It
when
was
my
was
The
to that cause.
life
Just
my
in
for
to
for
and
classes
otherwise.
however stood
to cancel them.
from the
to retire
poned
mind
matters
private
19 13
in
my
made up
Some
profession.
way.
to
that
46
in the
intention to devote
however decided
fate
came a
bolt
known
(since
my
not in
when
May
the
191 3.
me and
when he was
months
bomb was
.
arrested.
before, but he
Case
He had
left
that
was
my
ser-
in
bit
Bomb
every
Lahore
service
arrest of a
complicity in the
for
of paper
me, yet
find
whom
I
otherwise
still
now
believe that
in the
believe that
in
some
Delhi Conspiracy
Balmokand one
of
Even the
47
name
Hanwant Sahai
nature.
people but
This made
waited
my own
position
very miserable.
So
the
till
me
defend these
to
much wanted
very
As soon
finished.
join
as this
was over
my
left
for Encrland to
had already
experiences there
to build largely
Some how
people.
justice,
These
governed by
England
harmful
in
am
unable
more
despotic monarchs.
have the
and expediency.
make any
is
my
My
or the other,
latter are in
interest
will
unless she
In
political
politics.
this
on the
left.
made me very
politics
declarations
made
Government
is
in general
Consequently
less
much
vague
liberties to
British
any appreci-
programme
of the Revolutionaries.
Wherever
have been
48
in the
Parma Nand
of Bhai
in the
to
me
to think that
it is
any one
as well as
political views.
Knowing
Comrade Case
in the
Parma Nand
arrest
failed to
The
Mohammad
have
latter.
these
else
is
it
know Bhai
I know his
in India.
does.
impossible
for
me
to
to connect
latter
is
any evidence
When
nor there
left
Parmanand was strongly opposed to all propaganda of violence and said so openly to all those who met him.
He
distinctly
the
Ghadar
party.
it
is
British.
some
that
that
members of
Ghadar Party.
some of these people approached him
of the
some
of
the
to believe that
He was
it
it is
is
possible
impossible
name.
by
It is possible
them
to use his
that
and has now been under
I
am
writing
in his case
it
not
is
49
As
known what
traditions of the
any hope of
Punjab Judiciary
it
is
The Punjab
his acquitial.*
is almost omnipotent.
There are many things done
by them which never see the light of the day and can not
be proved. Of course the testimony of the victims them-
Police
selves
is
and other
appeared
some of
in
woman was
of the
investigation
horribly
During the
some notes
tortured.
Conspiracy
Delhi
Case
by
and
was being
The
exercised to
Government and
notes
instead of
The
trial
all
further
read this
letter.
done by the
Police,
know
however
it
book
full
the
to
higher
and
is
circulat-
tales
arc too
Some of these
The methods
words.
of torture
horrible to be put in
adopted by them are so ingeniously brutal, and savage as to
defy decency
He
itself.
the
British
Parliament
may
please, the
Punjab Police
50
much
cry
as they
will
long as the officers are recruited from the ranks and so longas the idea prevails that they are not the servants of the
not to protect
by
Government and
their business
is
by obtaining
upon
obtained by them in crimes
reported.
preted
in
them by
Law
are unlimited.
as inter-
They can
is
They
find
like.
house
is
is
safe
is
books on
most of
ill
have often
his casde,
but
in
for
We
may
is
damage
is
done to
If
or to find out
if
31
himself.
being found
letters
wherein
Socialism, industrial
with revolutions.
collection of
collections in the
v^olumes
my
in
in
England
is
to send
me
democracy or dealing
books
some
Parma Nand,
19 lo upon
in
possession of Bhai
in the
some books on
my
Iiinisclf in
my
all
life
and
whole Province.
all
subjects.
some of my
became very anxious lest my house be searched and
the presence of a good number of books dealing with revolu-
When
friends
tions
many be
in
my safety and in
my
thus impoverishing
my
not
as
all.
when
been
full
me of their
Put
injury.
use
this
safe
is
everything.
Police
my
at their discretion
welfare
from
Nothing
is
sacred
in
in public for
over 28 years,
in
19 10, I
affairs.
Having
my
diaries.
My
correspondence has
All grades
o{
among
boclvs
if
on
do not
know
ments
my
in
possession which
documents
founders.
history of
in the
showed the
the public
all
Most
last 3 years.
of
origin, develope-
movements
of the
them were
original
original
promoters and
my
return.
in his
for a
these
own house
took sometime
in
sorting them, and kept only such, as were the most valuable
for
pubHc or
when a
In 19 10, however,
historial purposes.
search of
remove
me
cooly told
that he
considered that
way but
after,
lot
or
disfavour
in those
he very
because he
greater risk
many government
discredit
all in
few days
incriminating in any
into
than myself
bring a good
put them
friend.
them
to
with
government
me
having
for
or for having at
of paper.
slips
Who
could
in
the
my
diaries.
interest of all
So
my
friend
argued that
it
was
lost for
future historian of India.
53
It
would be thus
patriotic Indian
in his
house
my
from Mandalay
in
my
my
1507,
me
countrymen
number of
my
me
worded addresses
finely
them over
my
to
house
in fine caskets.
when
these
return
in different parts
On
life
was
Instead
to place or sending
friend
against
in
U.P.
him
PVom
political suspect."
to form
these facts
my
" notorious
some
have
for them.
But that
not
is
all.
after conviction
some
is
political
what
is
prisoners are
accorded
in
a solitary
well as
cell
It is in
kept in so'itary
is
now and
is
the
rule,
cells.
prisoner
is
up
to
arrested
was
In
in Russia.
kept
Indian
Russia few
is
This
growing
vSimilarly in
hard labour.
labour
is
54
is
The Russian
expected of them.
which
is
summer season
when
in
some
places (Lahore
one of
is
Then
shade.
Jails is
Outside
in the
more
than
50
Jail
no Indian
The bread
The
it.
percent of sand or
clay.
and revoltingly.
accustomed to
it
and sometimes
they
The
and
bacilli,
bearable
is
clothing
is
not
generally
is
is
are as
many
Any
political
prisoners
bad men.
good men.
Russia
in
own
My
are
civilised
this connection I
knowledge of these
to
own
do not
experience was
allowed to
Political
than
is
prisoners
accorded to
Andamans.
Yet the
humane and
* In
may
sometimes
one
rather unfortunate.
purchase their
however
mean
at least as
to
of vermin
and Superintendents.
jailors
suflficient
full
All this
warders and
abuse or
steal
given to them
ma
ters
long.
am
who have
personal
always
public
British
Russia
temptuously.
Russian
of
talks
is
55
methods
con-
in British
circles at
who heard
bombs
&c.,
My
was
among
bombs and
that
she were an
at the patience
all
this
saw no good
she admired
me
was opposed
She wondered
proceedings.
me
for
my
in the
throwing of
my
at
to
these
methods
and
for imbecility.
if
personally
scorned
that
Indian, she
throwing
me
what a hard
lot
of an Indian
it is
it.
who
have written
loves
this note
Indians of
food.
all
noblest
life
youngmen
throwing of bombs.
do not mean
to justify
them but
or cut throats.
God
live as
of
conditions of
life
on both
is
sides
all,
liberty.
as to stop
all
this
May
in Indian
PART
III
(Extracts from
'*
tlie
tember 22nd,
91
5.)
has sentenced twenty-four to death, twenty-seven to transportation (eleven with a recommendation of mercy), six have
Thus out of a
total
of sixty-one
ments known
to the law.
parrallel to this in
It
would be
difficult
to
;
find
and the
be borne
The Pioneer
in
in its special
58
whose
who
And
who
while those
lead
open
rebellion against
a State are
deserving of mercy.
The Anglo-Indian
It is for
meeting harshness
by harshness and hatred by hatred. The mantra for exorcising an evil spirit is known by the pure in heart alone.
The severest possible blow will only scotch and not kill it.
It may sound pedantic and impractical, but all the same it is
the true antidote to the poison which we are all so anxious
The comments of the Anglo-Indian Press on
to neutralize.
the result of the Lahore Conspiracy Trial are only adding
fuel to
the
judgement
its
fire
of popular excitement.
in this particular
wonted denunciation
The
country.
article in the
It
Bomb
India
the
workers
in
the
New
India of
Madras
in
made
has
for
worth reproduction.
the cure
Says
New
"
The Times
makes the
of India " in
sinister
its
statement that
form of Government."
What
does
mean?
It
looks
sense and staunch loyalty of the mass of the people " as well
as
by "
Home
is
to be used as
an
asking for thirty years, and
the soil
much
has
ical
in
is
now demanding
in
no uncertain
It is
v'olce.
59
conspiracy
in
it
all
it
is
It is right for
most unwise
to
use
it
non-conspirators.
(An
extract from
*'
Indian paper.)
'*
The
is
and must be of
far greater
(An
India " of
If this
Bombay
'*
Times of
an Anglo-Indian paper.)
in
ordinary times,
members
as
There
no
The people
any words.
The
is
Empire by deeds
far stronger
than
it
cannot
it
(An
the
6o
re
M.A.)
We
"
against
the commissioners,
that grave as
to state
with the
utmost frankness,
Government
to allow the
is
accused*
this
make
extreme sentence
passed on him."
**
secure
the
While the
fire
ruffians bent
arms by
foul
community have
owing
to
for the
helpless
19 15
in
the
carried on
by
last
had
let to
a great
Some
first
in dacoltles
who had
officials alladars,
a strong
localities
6i
November 1914
and
state not
only of alarm
over
all
to July 19 15 (and
if
they had
and the active co-operation of the people would have produced in the Province, as was intended by the conspirators,
a state of
The
not unkindly
critics
The
nature.
when he
Bull
occasions
few
are
often
and
When Lord
far
swayed by any
have
temperament and an
himself to be
allows
of John
stolid
last
to
his
year at the
Hardinge wired to
call
of the hour,
its
announcement
in the
foreshadowed a great
and England.
'
change
Asiaticus
'
in
the
relations
He
of
India
He
recanted his
Tilak.
Mr.
62
Other
angle of vision.
in the
th.e
Some
and hope.
see
Others again
governn^ent.
thought that
if
the
with
soil
was the
gleam of
self
nature
imaginative
still
The landing
visions of glory.
distant
less
self-government was
up
others, conjured
of Indian
And
yet to
any
six or seven
Mr. Bonar
Law
more
is
on
tht^
his lips,
Downing
his
lips
House
English mind.
and whatever
may
his
and
since
than that an
clear
overtaken the
new
office,
of
sympathetic
Eords
Viceroy
when
in
their
reply
name of
the
The
to
avoiding
is
another
way
of saying
it.
may
indefinitely.
If Sir
George
Scott
63
Robertson,
imprudent
with
upon
no
impatient
is
Asiaticus
'
The House
have done
their
is
roundly told
better.
enthusiasm,
is
Bill
'
would
of
in itself
Out here
us.
political status
the country.
statute allows
We are told
that
it is
folly,
if
is
it.
held up to
<:omes.
of speculators,
is
roaming
free.
to
Let her
great,
may
in the world.
little
distinctly tell
easily
throw
reason to grumble
if
others
half measures
No
concerned India
will not.
is,
for
for
our
article
on Sunday on the
attitude of British
war broke out and
we
said that
in
the Empire.
We
will
to
self-respect
The
64
judgement needed
be intro-
to
The
be considerably overhauled.
representation there
The
The
as
may
members should be
treated
if
or
may
not be accepted
by
We have
the Government.
institu-
Councils must
A broader
institutions in India.
responsible
'
members of
the
Government
Indian opinion,
controlled
by
political
treated
as
its political
given
its
shackles.
education should be
ie>
Knowledge should be
in
It is
evil.
free
Primary
even
is
in
extremely
and
ineffective.
restraints
65
more
liberal policy in
clearly recognised
The
which has so
closefisted policy
technical
and
last
far
for
it
must be
industrial education
gladly assumed.
way
stood in the
doned.
The
few years.
of
aban-
definitely
we do not know
that
if
demand
the
conceded and
improved,
if
if it
simultaneous examinations
is
not
is
not
is
for
not
made
Com-
which makes
it
in
its
The bar
the country.
sinister
howsoever
governments
shall
be Indians.
is
to say,
the opinion of that section of the public which can think for
itself
its
various
aspects,
which
in all
section
th:it
too respectable to
is
is
quite
upon
express
itself in
time
is
it
when
felt,
is
is
utility.
all
present Constitu-
There
powers
is
in the
perhaps a
hands of a
gress of a country.
ask,
its
the concentration of
bureaucracy
We
outlived
The
ofificia!,
eels
the time, or
permanent
is
it
official
is
necessary that
it
should
substance, be liberalised
How
this
we
the infusion of
and the
in truth
by
is
is
But
permissible.
difficulty.
Government
itself fell
to be pacified the
When
cedent of
Bengal had
pre-
a Governor-innot, therefore,
recruited not
such Councils
will suffer.
may be
less
in
freedom ?
perhaps we
But, efficiency
of Indians in
shall
is
It
may
be
It will
just as
it is
They
are
many and
varied, but
is
The meanest
hood.
white, even
though he be an
The
whom
the
man on
tallest
its
alien,
man-
may
or the highest
Arms Act
soul.
stronger
among
us
permits to do so.
upon a
nation,
to us.
have
Are we
in all conscience
we
ban of
And
are
we
again to be reminded
King Emperor
Eet
67
ponder over
British statesmanship
this.
What
an asset of
incalculable value
have been to
which
tlie^e
no
is
being enacted
in
so
many
drama
If
are
less
We
the Dardanelles
We
to be frustrated then
lie
For
it
in
in
after the
we
deal with
them
as they
Her
we have
position outside
lot
would deal
of India to
inequalities
and
must be one, as
(An
When
a great outburst of
any
would and
war would be
to suffer indignities.
the angle of
it
capacity.
Empire
in
this
to enlist as volunteers.
cast aside their attitude
at
country to fight
any
rate,
there
in defence
of the
They
set before
themselves a
new
ideal,
68
--^
By
own
of their
faith, faith
they
freedom.
They became
in themselves,
mother country.
of duty was
This
beyond
their participation
felt
faith
spirit
in
baptised with a
all praise.
It
their loyalty
of
official
were
tribute the
of this country of
But the
chill air
We
still
lived in
new
Government
in
this
might
comradeship
arise
in
comradeship
life
its
its
arms there
necessary
But a bureaucracy
with
in
leading to the
and
interests
salutary
mind
to forging
in
its
endavour to breed
wound
the crisis
this
is
But
is
demand
for
All
the
factories
of England
and
are
69
the manufacture
utilised for
working
top speed
at
the
for
As
regards
New
all
itself,
say
why
is
in
from
fact
yet maintained
Why,
most precious
gift
of
implies, continues to
it
Lord Kitchner
still
is
all,
calling for
all
the
be so unwelcome?
men.
may have
to be resorted to.
our
offers of
men?
The
Why
The Abulance
our youngmen that
latest potentialities in
We
have not
slightest
fit
upon
This war
is
said
war of
a holy
justice
Are
nations.
refusal of
consistent
small
of
with the
Empire
If,
crisis,
we expect
aside
after
made?
the
altogether
how can
forgotten or cast
Repression
we
to be
is
other hand
camps.
into hostile
a healing and
is
It alienates
distintegrating force.
JO
Co-operation on the
cemmenting
operation,
By
concessions.
'
at the front.
and
tunity.
But
principle.
far
too late
'
Burke h^s
**
Sir Ali
Imam's speech
at
The
September 19 15 remarks.)
and the
in the
by the
doing unmitigated harm both
good
State.
is
It
is
discontent.
crushing
is
manly
of things
all
spirit
D.
is
This
is
not
state
and
conciliation,
during these
five
but
years
it
has been
The
breasts, but,
do not
Press
/I
s^ts like
j^nitn
spectre on our
it
trust
sible rulers,
in
England,
in the
warmest terms
possible.
(An
In the
Frank Forbes
that
Adam
*'
during
all
**
One country
self government
"
day when
no hesitation
in
many
It
peculiarities to
of the princes
months made
effort
it
would be made
who
you wish
advance towards
by Mr. G.
S. Arundel.)
SENSE.
not to
to
feel
movement
govern themselves.
If
country that
tov/ards the
go
alone remained
the brightest
to
said,
own
of
know
will
that which
take a
you could
or Rees, or Hewett.
to India,
will
know
you can
little
easily obtain at
second hand
at
hand
first
if
only you
trouble
least
India
it is
is
determined to
to be self-government
by
Every great
self-government must
give
come
patriot,
it,
if
parting of the
Britain
grown
You
under the
will
ways
selfish
follow
extracts
Post,"
may
loss
of the
America went
Are we
at the
America, or has
1780?
(Some
not.
and ignorant.
shall India
wiser since
agreed that
is
soon.
it
from an
London about
Act.
article
is
that
of the
army
totally
different
stratum from
politicians
tlie
71
and
liard to discover.
the
to
is
unconci-
British Raj
with
by any
British subject.
Times"
of October 24,
educationist
Mr. A,
W.
Dulles
New York
from an American
19 15
who
has been
in India
attempt made to
enlist
hundred millions of
has had for
its
its
What
service.
first line
war broke
out,
India's three
troops,
at the
army
army up
to
in India.
The
places
after the
territorials
who
are using India as their training ground and at the same time
are kept ready to meet any anti-English movement.
The presence of
battle-front of
war of
their
the
western
own
free will.
It
if
had no choice
in the
74
matter.
officers,
who
deal promptly
and
finally
is
nor was
probably
it
distasteful to
them to
after
shown
Much
has
come from
the
who have
though only
one- sixth of
its
At
govern.
they
territory
it
was
the disintegrating
macy
in
Mogul Empire.
left
The overwhelming
supre-
good
by the downfall
come from
their subjects.
It
vital
more
English
interest to seeing
Their loyalty
it
is
When we
75
ambulance cars
in
Government and
the assurance of
its
continued supports.
Jialf- educated
to the British
been
alienated to some
oectirred recently.
were
so
that
the
disgrace
evilly
the
Government.
by
events
in
zvhich
have
South Africa
condition
to
extent
Hindus and
to
ivhich
Empire.
they
icere
reduced became a
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