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GLOSARIO DE TERMINOS TECNICOS REFERIDOS A GENERACION ELCTRICA

INGLES
CASTELLANO
auxiliary systems
servicios auxiliares
burner
quemador
channel
canal de conduccin
combined cycle plant
central de ciclo combinado
control room
sala de control
cooling tower
torre de enfriamiento
diesel power plant
central con motor diesel
fan
ventilador
fuel
combustible
fuel heating value
poder carorfico del combustible
fuel storage tank
tanque de almacenamiento de combustible
gas turbine
turbina de gas
generating bus
barra de generacin
generating set
grupo de generacin
generator
Generador
Head
Salto cada
heat recuperating steam
generator
caldero recuperador
Hydroelectric power station Central hidroelctrica
load diagram
diagrama de carga
penstock
tubera forzada
petroleo
oil fuel
Power factor
factor de potencia
Power station
Central elctrica
presa
dam
pressure gauge
manometro
Rated flow
caudal nominal
rated voltage
tensin nominal
sand trap
desarenador
speed droop
estatismo del regulador de carga
speed governor
regulador de velocidad
steam boiler
caldero de vapor
steam cycle plant
planta de vapor
thermal power station
central trmica
turbogenerator
generador impulsado por turbine de gas o vapor
voltage regulator
regulador de tensin
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Cap 1 generacion

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water turbine
water gate
water intake
water treatment plant
powerhouse

turbina hidraulica
compuerta
bocatoma
planta de tratamiento de agua
casa de maquinas

343421942.xlsx

Cap 1 generacion

UN SA ESCUELA DE ING. ELECTRICA 2016-2

EJEMPLO
Auxiliary systems in the plant are electric.
gas turbines have Natural Gas burners.
Water for the hydro station is transported in a channel.
A combined cycle plant has steam and gas turbines
Every power station has a control room.
Cooling towers area part of steam plants
Diesel power plants are used in mining operations.
A transformer has fans to cool oil.
Chilina power station has diesel fuel tanks
Diesel fuel has very low heating value.
Egasa is dismantleing its fuel storage tanks.
The Pto Bravo power station has four gas turbines.
The generating bus at Charcani 5 station operates at 138 kv
All hospitals must have an emergency generating set
Generators in hydro plants are moved by water turbines.
High head power stations use impulse turbines.
Combined cycle power plants have heat recuperating steam generators.
Most of the power in Peru is generated in hydroelectric power stations.
A load diagram is the graphic representation of the power consumed by any load.
Water reaches hydro turbines through steel penstocks.
Some gas turbines burn diesel oil as fuel.
Power factor is improved connecting capacitors at industrial loads.
Peru has many power stations
Some hydro stations need dams to store water from rain.
Water pressure at the intake of a turbine is measured with pressure gauges.
The rated power of a water turbine is determined by the rated flow of water.
Rated power of a transformer is determined by rated voltage and current.
Sand traps are used at the end of a water channel to remove sand from water.
speed droop is the slope of the straight line that describes the operation of a load regulator.

Frecuency of a generator is regulated by the speed governor.

A steam turtbine uses high pressure steam produced in a steam boiler.
steam cycle plants use coal as fuel .
Thermal power stations have a high operating cost.
Turbogenerators have steam or gas turbines as prime movers.
Synchronous generators have voltage regulators to keep voltage within operating standards.
343421942.xlsx

Cap 1 generacion

Water turbines transform hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.

Water gates are placed at the beginning of a channel to crontrol the flow.
Water for hydro station is taken from a river by a water intake
steam power plants requiere water treatment plants.
The power house is made of reinforced concrete.

343421942.xlsx

Cap 1 generacion

GLOSARIO DE TERMINOS TECNICOS REFERIDOS A TRANSMISION Y DISTRIBUCION ELECTRICA

N
INGLES
CASTELLANO
1
potencial transformer
transformador de tensin
2
cable splice
empalne de un cable
3
cable termination
terminacin de cable
4
circuit breaker
interruptor
5
current transformer
transformador de corriente
6
distributed generation
generacin distribuda
7
dry type transformers
trafos tipo seco
8
earth resistivity
resistividad del terreno
9
electric shock
descarga elctrica
10
energy losses
prdidas de energa
11
feeder
alimentador
12
fuse
fusible
13
gantry
prtico
14
grounding resistance
resistencia de puesta a tierra
15
grounging electrode
electrodo de puesta a tierra
16
insulators
aislador
17
lightning
rayo (descarga atmosfrica)
18
oil filled transformers
trafos en bao de aceite
19
overcurrent
sobrecorriente
20
overhead conductor
conductor areo
21
overhead line
linea area
22
overvoltage
sobretensin
23
pole
poste
24
power flow
flujo de potencia
25
power grid
red elctrica
26
power transformer
transformador de potencia
27
protection relays
reles de proteccin
28
public lighting
alumbrado pblico
29
recloser
reconectador
30
relay
rel
31
shield wire
cable de guarda
32
span
vano
33
steel lattice tower
torre de estructura de acero
34
Substation
Subestacion
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Cap 2 Trans y Distrib

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surge arrester
switch
under load tap changer
underghround cable
voltage drop
windings

pararrayo
seccionador
cambiador de tomas bajo carga
cable subterraneo
cada de ten sin
bobinados

343421942.xlsx

Cap 2 Trans y Distrib

RIDOS A TRANSMISION Y DISTRIBUCION ELECTRICA

EJEMPLO
Potential transformers feed energy meters.
There was a failure in the splice of a distribution cable.
Cable terminations are fitted at the beginning and at the end of a power cable

Circuit breakers are used to energize distribution feeders

Current transformers have 5 amperes secondary windings.
Distributed generation is located in primary distribution circuits.
Dry type transformers are used in hospital substations.
Earth resistivity is very high on rocky terrains.
Electric shock can cause severe injuries or death of a person .
Distribution systems have to keep energy losses low.
Feeder circuits start at Medium voltage substations.
Fuses are protection devices located at the beginning of all circuits.
Gantries in some substations are made of steel lattice.
Grounding resistance has to be kept very low
grounging electrodes are made of copper .
All overhead lines are supported on insulators.
Lightning can cause overvoltages on overhead lines al high altitude.

Most power transformers are of the oil filled type.

Overcurrent relays are protection devices .
Most overhead conductors are made with aluminun wires.
Overhead linesare supported on concrete poles.
Overvoltage in distribution feeders can damage electric motors.
Wooden poles are used to support 138 kv overhead lines.
Power flow varies during a day depending on the loads .
Hydro electric power stations are connected to the power grid.
Power transformers are used in power grids everywhere.
Protection relays are used to protect lines against short circuits.
Public lighting has to comply with technical standards.
Reclosers are used in rural electric systems .
Relays are connected to a power systems using voltage and current transformers.

Shield wires are installed on the top of transmission towers.

Span is the horizontal distance between two consecutive poles.
High voltage lines are supported on steel lattice towers.
Distribution substations are equipped with medium to low voltage transformers
343421942.xlsx

Cap 2 Trans y Distrib

Overvoltage due to lightning is conducted to ground by arresters

switches are always installed at beginning and at the end of a power line.
power transformers have under load tal changers to keep voltage constant at the load side.

In large urban areas distribution feeders are mostly underground cable.

Long distance lines have high values of voltage drop.
Short circuits faults can damage transformer windings.

343421942.xlsx

Cap 2 Trans y Distrib

GLOSARIO DE TERMINOS TECNICOS REFERIDOS A TURBOMAQUINAS Y MOTORES

N
INGLES
CASTELLANO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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10
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12
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16
17

water pump
impeller
fan
pipe
check valve
water flow
pressure head
velocity head
pressure drop
flow meter
pressure gauge
vacum gauge
pumping station
discharge piping
pipe sizing
gate
scroll case

bomba de agua
rodete
ventilador
tubera
valvula de retencin
caudal
altura de presin
altura de velocidad
cada de presin
medidor de flujo
manmetro
vacuometro
planta de bombeo
tuberas de descarga
dimensionado de tuberas
compuerta
carcasa de turbina

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19
20
21

fuel transfer pump

flow turbines
turbine runner
genset

bomba de transferencia de
combustible
turbinas de flujo
rodete de turbina
grupo electrgeno

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exhaust gases
fuel injection
engine starter
supercharged engine
lube oil
cooling radiators
flywheel
stand by genset
fuel tank
diesel power station
prime mover
heat recuperating boiler
thermal efficiency
mechanical power

gases de escape
inyeccion de combustible
arrancador
motor sobrealimentado
aceite lubricante
radiadores de enfriamiento
volante
generador de respaldo
tanque de combustible
central diesel
mquina prima

caldero recuperador de calor

eficiencia trmica
potencia mecnica

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cooling system
air compressor
base load genset
oil bath air filter
brake horse power

sistema de enfriamiento
compresor de aire
generador de base
filtros de aire en bao de aceite

potencia al freno

URBOMAQUINAS Y MOTORES
EJEMPLO
Steam power plants have water pumps to feed steam boilers.
Pump impellers are made of steel.
fans are used blow air to cool radiators
Water Pumping systems in buildings have steel pipes to fill storage tanks.
Check valves allow fluids to flow in only one direction.
Water pumps are selected considering total head and water flow.
Pressure head is one of the parameters to select pumps.
Nozzles convert pressure to velocity pressure.
Long piping systems have high pressure drops.
Drinking water is measured with flow meters in every home.
Pressure gauges are used to measure static pressure at the discharge of any water pump.
Vacum gauges are used to measure vacum pressure at the admissin side of pumps.
Most of the cities in our country have running water pumping stations.
Because discharge piping are not smooth, some of the energy of the fluid is wasted in friction.

Sizing piping has to take in account friction losses and investment costs of pipes.
Every channel that takes water from a dam needs to have a gate for control of water flow.
scroll cases in reaction turbines are made of steel plate.

All diesel engines have fuel transfer pumps that pull fuel from tanks to injectors.
Flow turbines use velocity energy of water flow to generate electric power.
Energy conversion in a turbine is acomplished in the turbine runner.
Large High voltage substations need to have emergency power supplied by diesel gensets.
Heat in exhaust gases and be recuperated by using haet exchangers.
Diesel engines have fuel injection systems to spray fuel inside combustion cylinders.
Large diesel engines have air driven starters.
Diesel engines used in power generation are supercharged.
Lubrication of moving parts of any engine needs lube oil.
Large power transformers have cooling radiators to expell heat from the windings.
Mechanical power developed by an engine can be measured at the flywheel.
Hospitals and clinics need to have stand by gensets for emergency situations.
some stand by gensets have plastic fuel tanks.

Peru has many diesel power stations especially in small towns.

Prime mover in large ships are mostly diesel engines.
Combined cycle power stations have heat recuperating boilers to produce steam.
Diesel engines have the higher thermal efficiency tha gas turbines.
Mechanical power developed by an engine is affected by altitude above sea level.

cooling systems for engines could be cooling towers or radiators.

Gas turbines have centrifugal air compressors that feed air to the conbustion chambers.

Base load gensets could operate for 24 hour periodos.

Oil bath air filters are used when engines operate in contaminated areas.
Brake horse power tests are performed in engines before operating in generation.

3
N
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2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

INGLES
Gas insulated substation
circuit braker
ground switch
surge arrester
interlocking
DC-AC converter substations
SVC static var compensator
oil continment pit
instrument transformers
substation grounding
wind energy
wind farm

CASTELLANO
SSEE con aislamiento en gas
interruptor
seccionador de pta a tierra
pararrayos
enclavamientos
SSEE convertidoras DC- AC
compensador esttico- de potencia reactiva
poza de contencin de aceite
transformadores de medicin
puesta a tierra de SSEE
energa elica
parque elico

13
14
15
16
17

rotor swept area

rotor blades
off shore wind farm
Pv cell
accuracy class

area proyectada del rotor

aspas del rotor
parque elico marino
celda fotovoltaica
clase de precisin

18
19
20
21

secondary burden of an instrument

transformer
capacitive voltage transformers
silicon controlled rectifier
DC to AC inverter

carga en va de un trafo de medicin

trafo de tensin capacitivo
tristor
Inversor CC a CA

22
23

stand alone PV systems

grid connected systems

sistemas fotovoltaicos aislados

sistemas conectados a la red

24
25
26
27

system sizing
infeed tariff
solar therm al system
solar tracker

dimensionado de un sistema
tarifa de inyeccin de energa
sistema termo solar
seguidor solar

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40

energy storage
two way metering
roof area
sunlight
biomass
biomass briquettes
geothermal energy
municipal waste
methane production
pole mounted PV panels
roof mounted solar panels
solar farms
power inverter

almacenamiento de energa
medidores de nerga bidireccional
area de captaciopn de la azotea
luz solar
biomasa

briquetas de biomasa
energa geotermica
basura domstica
produccin de gas metano
Paneles FV montados en postes
paneles montados en azoteas

granjas solares
inversor de CC a CA

EJEMPLO
Gas insulated substations require less physical space for installation.
short circuit currents in distribution feeders are eliminated by a circuit breaker.
Ground switches are used in transmission lines.
Overvoltages in power systems are controlled to ground through surge arresters
Circuit breakers and switches operate with interlocks between them.
DC powerlines are fed from DC - AC converter substations.
SVC static var compensators connected to busses compensate reactive power.
Every substation with power transformers needs an oil containment pit to avoid enviroment damage.
Instrument transformers feed energy meters and protection relays.
substation grounding is required to protect humans from electrocution.
Wind energy is used to produce mechanical power and electricity.
Wind farms are sets of wind turbines connected to a common bus to inject power to a power system.

Las subestaciones con aislamiento d

Las corrientes de cortocircuito en lo
Los interruptores de puesta a tierra
Las sobretensiones en los sistemas
Los disyuntores e interruptores func
Las lneas de alimentacin de CC se
Los compensadores estticos SVC c
Cada subestacin con transformado
Los transformadores de instrumento
La puesta a tierra de la subestacin
La energa elica se utiliza para prod
Los parques elicos son conjuntos d

Instrument transformers used for energy measurement have high accuracy class.

La energa generada por una turbina

Las palas de rotor de una turbina e
Los parques elicos off shore se inst
Muchas clulas fotovoltaicas conect
Los transformadores de instrumento

Instrument transformers have a limit of the burden connected to the secondary side.
capacitive voltage transformers are more compact than inductive ones.
silicon controlled rectifiers are electronic devices used in converter substations.
DC to AC inverters are used in solar panels connected to the AC grid.

Los
Los
Los
Los

stand alone PV systems are used in small rural towns.

grid connected systems are mostly installed in large cities.

Los sistemas fotovoltaicos autnom

Los sistemas conectados a la red se

The sizing of a Pv system requires to know the area to install de the panels.
infeed tariffs for distribution generation must allow profits to the investors.
solar therm al systems generate electric power with steam turbines.
Most efficient FV plants have panels with solar trackers.

El tamao de un sistema Pv requiere

Las tarifas de entrada para la gener
Los sistemas solares trmicos gener
Las plantas FV ms eficientes tienen

Power generated by a wind turbine is a function of the rotor swept area.

Rotor blades of a wind turbine are made of fiber glass composites.

Off shore wind farms are installed in steel structures fixed to the bottom of the sea.
Many PV cells connected together make for solar panels.

transformadores de instrumento
transformadores capacitivos de
rectificadores controlados de sil
inversores de CC a CA se utiliza

Solar thermal plants need energy storage to operate in 24 hour periods.

Distributed generation plants have two way energy meters.
roof area of buildings allow to install FV panels.

sunlight is a form of renewable energy

Biomass of different origin can produce methane gas to generate electricity.
biomass briquettes of agricultural waste are used as fuel.
geothermal energy is considered renewable energy.
municipal waste can be used to produce methane gas to generate electricity.
methane gas is a component of natural gas.
pole mounted PV panels generate power to feed street lighting.
roof mounted solar panels allow to install distributed generation.
solar farms are connected to high voltage substations.
power inverters are a component of solar generating units.

Las centrales trmicas solares nece

Las plantas de generacin distribuid
Techo de los edificios permiten insta
La luz del sol es una forma de energ
La biomasa de origen diferente pue
Las briquetas de biomasa de residuo
La energa geotrmica se considera
Los residuos municipales se pueden
El gas metano es un componente de
Los paneles fotovoltaicos montados
Los paneles solares montados en el
Las granjas solares estn conectada
Los inversores de potencia son un c

aislamiento de gas requieren menos espacio fsico para la instalacin.

ocircuito en los alimentadores de distribucin se eliminan mediante un disyuntor.
uesta a tierra se utilizan en las lneas de transmisin.
los sistemas de potencia se controlan a tierra a travs de descargadores de sobretensin
rruptores funcionan con enclavamientos entre ellos.
cin de CC se alimentan desde las subestaciones de convertidor DC - AC.
stticos SVC conectados a los buses compensan la potencia reactiva.
transformadores de potencia necesita un pozo de contencin de aceite para evitar daos en el medio ambiente.
e instrumentos alimentan medidores de energa y rels de proteccin.
a subestacin es necesaria para proteger a los seres humanos de la electrocucin.
tiliza para producir energa mecnica y electricidad.
n conjuntos de turbinas elicas conectadas a un bus comn para inyectar energa a un sistema de energa.

or una turbina elica es una funcin del rea barrida por el rotor.
una turbina elica estn hechas de compuestos de fibra de vidrio.
ff shore se instalan en estructuras de acero fijadas al fondo del mar.
ltaicas conectadas entre s hacen paneles solares.
e instrumentos utilizados para la medicin de energa tienen una alta precisin de clase.

e instrumentos tienen un lmite de carga conectado al lado secundario.

apacitivos de voltaje son ms compactos que los inductivos.
rolados de silicio son dispositivos electrnicos utilizados en las subestaciones de conversin.
a CA se utilizan en paneles solares conectados a la red de CA.

icos autnomos se utilizan en pequeas ciudades rurales.

os a la red se instalan principalmente en las grandes ciudades.

ma Pv requiere conocer el rea para instalar los paneles.

para la generacin de distribucin deben permitir beneficios a los inversionistas.
rmicos generan energa elctrica con turbinas de vapor.
cientes tienen paneles con seguidores solares.

solares necesitan almacenamiento de energa para operar en perodos de 24 horas.

cin distribuidas tienen medidores de energa bidireccionales.
permiten instalar paneles FV.
orma de energa renovable
diferente puede producir gas metano para generar electricidad.
asa de residuos agrcolas se utilizan como combustible.
se considera energa renovable.
les se pueden utilizar para producir gas metano para generar electricidad.
omponente del gas natural.
cos montados en polos generan energa para alimentar el alumbrado pblico.
ontados en el techo permiten instalar la generacin distribuida.
tn conectadas a subestaciones de alto voltaje.
ncia son un componente de las unidades de generacin de energa solar.