Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Discuss the cross bridge cycle of contraction and explain the mechanism of the
"power stroke".
What are the roles of the transverse tubules and the lateral sacs in the initiation of
muscle contraction?
How do calcium ions react with the myofibrillar filaments to cause muscle
contraction? Include the sequence of changes elicited by calcium ion binding.
A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates.
What are the different types of summation by which the strength of muscle
contraction can be changed?
How does speed of contraction in smooth muscle differ from skeletal muscle?
Explain why the sinoatrial node is normally the pacemaker of the heart, while at
times some other area of the heart might become the pacemaker.
Diagram and explain the mechanisms of a pacemaker potential for a nodal cell.
How does the Purkinje system increase the effectiveness of the heart as a pump?
In the electrocardiogram, what does the "P" wave represent? The "QRS wave? The
"T" wave?
What is the structural difference between the A-V valve and the pulmonary and
aortic valves, and what is an explanation of this difference?
In the cardiac cycle, what is the relationship between left ventricular pressure and
aortic pressure?
What are the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation of the heart?
Explain the physiological mechanism of why the heart does not experience tetany?