GSM BASED VOTING MACHINE

A MINI PROJECT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of the degree
of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
BY

K.SAI RAVALI

(137Y1A0415)

A. NAGA PRASHANTH

(137Y1A0401)

P.RADHA KRISHNA

(137Y1A0435)

K.UDAY KUMAR

(137Y1A0421)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

JANUARY 2017

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

23-01-2017

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled GSM BASED VOTING MACHINE work done
by
K.SAIRAVALI(1371YA0415),A.PRASANTH(137Y1A0401),P.RADHAKRISHNA(1371YA043
5)and K.UDAY KUMAR (1371Y0421) students of Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, is a record of bonafied work carried out by the members during a
period from 05/07/2016 to 31/08/16 under the supervision of Mr.M.VISWANATH, INTERNAL
GUIDE and MR.S.SRINIVASA REDDY, PROJECT COORDINATOR. This project is done as
a fulfillment of obtaining Bachelor of Technology Degree to be awarded by Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University Hyderabad, Hyderabad.
The matter embodied in this project report has not been submitted by us to any other
university for the award of any other degree.
K.SAI RAVALI

A. PRASHANTH

P.RADHA KRISHNA K.UDAY KUMAR

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates is correct to the best of
my/our knowledge.
Mr.M.VISWANATH
INTERNAL GUIDE
Date: 23-01-2017
The

Viva-Voce

Examination

of

above

students,

has

been

held

on
Mr.S.SRINIVASA REDDY

Mr . K. NAGA BHUSHANAM

Project Incharge

Head of the Department

Dr. K.VENKATESHWARA REDDY

Signature of External Examiner

Principal

ABSTRACT
India is worlds largest democratic country. Here each and every individual are given right to
vote or simply voting in elections to elect a genuine person to serve our Indian democracy.
Earlier in elections a voter used to cast his vote by using ballot paper. This is a long, timeconsuming process. This situation continued till election scene was completely changed by
electronic voting machine. No more ballot paper, ballot boxes, stamping, etc. all this
converted into a simple box called ballot unit of the electronic voting machine.
Gsm based voting machine, the aim of our project is to design and develop a mobile based
voting machine. In this project user can dial the specific number from any land line or mobile
phone to cast his vote through message. If he has entered a valid choice & password his vote
will be caste. If vote is casted then vote casted successfully on the LCD and if vote is not
casted then invalid vote try again will appear. Once a message is sent from the respective
number he cannot be able to cast his vote again. The purpose of his project, it is capable of
savings considerable like printing stationery and transport of large volumes of electoral
material. There are no more problems of transport, store and maintenance of the specified
area. It completely checks out the chance of invalid votes. The main aim of this cellphone
based voting machine is to reduce polling time, fewer problems in electoral preparations, law
and order, candidates expenditure, etc. It is also easy to count the votes and accurate counting
is done without any mischief at the counting center. So that there would be no issues while
casting votes

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete
without the mentioning of the people who made it possible and whose encouragement and
guidance has been a source of inspiration throughout the course of the project.
It is great to convey my profound sense of gratitude to our principal
Dr.K.Venkateswara Reddy, and to our director Dr.R.Kotaiah, ECE at Marri Laxman Reddy
Institute of Technology and Management for having been kind enough to arrange for
necessary facilities for executing the project in college.
At the inception we would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to our Head of
the department Mr.K.Nagabhushanam, and our coordinator Associate professor
Mr.S.Srinivasa Reddy, ECE, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology and
Management. Whose valuable suggestions have been indispensable to bring about the
successful completion of my project.
We wish to acknowledge a special thanks tour guide, Asst.prof Mr.M.Vishwanath,
who helped me throughout the academic to complete my project.
Finally, I am thankful to the staff members of ECE Department, and other faculty
members of our institution. Finally I thank those who directly and indirectly helped me in this
regard.

Contents
Page No
Abstract

Acknowledgement

ii

Contents

iii

List Of Figures

iv

List Of Tables

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Introduction

1.2

Embedded Systems

1.3

Present Day scenario

1.4

Motivation

1.5

Organisation of report

Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Literature Survey

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM:
This chapter begins with a brief discussion on embedded systems, importance of embedded
systems in present day scenario. Then we discuss the concept of micro controller. Finally we
discuss about main objective of this project.

1.2 EMBEDDED SYSTEM:

An embedded system is a special-purpose system in which the computer is completely
encapsulated by or dedicated to the device or system it controls. Unlike a general-purpose
computer, such as a personal computer, an embedded system performs one or a few
predefined tasks, usually with very specific requirements. Since the system is dedicated to
specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it, reducing the size and cost of the product.
Embedded systems are often mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.
Personal digital assistants (PDAs) or handheld computers are generally considered
embedded devices because of the nature of their hardware design, even though they are more
expandable in software terms. This line of definition continues to blur as devices expand.
With the introduction of the OQO Model 2 with the Windows XP operating system and ports
such as a USB port both features usually belong to "general purpose computers", the
line of nomenclature blurs even more.
Physically embedded systems ranges from portable devices such as digital watches
and MP3 players, to large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, or the
systems controlling nuclear power plants.
In terms of complexity embedded systems can range from very simple with a single
microcontroller chip, to very complex with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted
inside a large chassis or enclosure.

The above figure shows an example of embedded system

1

1.3 PRESENT DAY SCENARIO:

Embedded systems became a part of day to day life. Embedded systems are commonly found
in consumer, cooking, auto-motive, industrial, medical, commercial and military applications.
Telecommunication systems employ numerous embedded systems from telephone switches
for the networks to cell phones at the end user.
Transportation systems from flights to automobiles increasingly use embedded systems. New
airplanes contain advanced avionics such as inertial guidance systems and GPS that also have
considerable safety requirements. Various electric motors brushless dc motors induction
motors and dc motors use electric/electronic motor controllers. Automobiles, electric vehicles
and hybrid vehicles increasingly use embedded systems to increase efficiency and reduce
pollution. Other automotive safety systems include anti-lock brakin system (ABS), electronic
stability control(ESC/ESP), traction control(TCS) and automatic four wheel drive.
Medical equipments uses embedded systems for vital signs monitoring, electronic
stethoscopes for amplifying sounds, and various medical imaging (PET, SPECT, CT, MRI)
for non-invasive internal inspections. Embedded systems within medical equipments are
often powered by industrial computers.
Embedded systems are used in transportation, fire safety, safety and security, medical
applications and life critical systems, as these systems can be isolated from hacking and thus,
be more reliable for fire safety, the systems can be designed to have greater ability to handle
higher temperatures and continue to operate.
Embedded systems are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a generalpurpose computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real-time performance constraints that
must be met, for reasons such as safety and usability; others may have low or no performance
requirements, allowing the system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs.
Examples of Embedded Systems:

Avionics, such as inertial guidance systems, flight control hardware/software and

other integrated systems in aircraft and missile.

Cellular telephones and telephone switches

Engine controllers and antilock brake controllers for automobiles

Home automation products, such as thermostats, air conditioners, sprinklers, and

Handheldcalculator

Handheld computers
Household appliances, including microwave ovens, washing machines, television sets,
DVD players and recorders
Medical equipment
Personal digital assistant
Videogame consoles
Computer peripherals such as routers and printers.
Industrial controllers for remote machine operation.
security monitoring system

1.4 MOTIVATION
Micro controller is a type of device where it can make work of two or more devices need not
require human involvement in the automatic process.Once if the module is done and program
is inserted then again there is no use of human to make it again and again or change it..
The concept of Micro controller is to make a simpler and easier one to interact with
project in newer way. We have two modes of objectives. One is to communicate physical
devices such camera and PIR sensors to seen its work visually. The second one is to control
these devices the code what it requires.

1.5 ORGANISATION OF REPORT:

In first chapter we discuss about the introduction, area of work, brief present day
scenario with regard to the work area, motivation to do the project.

Second chapter includes introduction of project title, recent developments in the work
area, brief background theory, outcome of literature review, conclusions.

Third chapter contains a brief detail of method of operation, block diagram of the
project, list of various components used in the project and their specifications.

Fourth chapter consists of result analysis, significance of the result obtained.

Fifth chapter contains applications, advantages and disadvantages of the project..

Sixth chapter includes brief summary of the work, conclusions and future scope of the
work

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
In this chapter we briefly discuss about the project title, recent developments in the work area
and brief background theory of work area and the fields in which it plays a vital role.
2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT TITLE:
In India all earlier elections a voter used to cast his vote by using ballot paper. This is a long
time-consuming process and very much prone to errors. This situation continued till election
scene was completely changed by electronic voting machine. No more ballot paper, ballot
boxes, stamping, etc. All this condensed into a simple box called ballot unit of the electronic
voting machine. Cell phone based voting machine is capable of saving considerable printing
stationery and transport of large volumes of electoral material. It is easy to transport, store,
and maintain. It completely rules out the chance of invalid votes. It reduces of polling time,
resulting in fewer problems inelectoral preparations, law and order, candidates expenditure,
etc. and easy and accuratecounting without any mischief at the counting centre. The aim of
our project is to design and develop a mobile based voting machine. In this project user can
dial the specific number from any land line or mobile phone to cast his vote through sending a
message. If he has entered a valid choice of his vote will be caste. A reset button is provided
for resetting the system. A total key is provided to display the result. We have also used nonvolatile memory for storing all data. EEPROM will preserve all information in case of power
failure.
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW:
Electronic Voting Machine is a basic electronic machine that is used to store the votes in place
of ballot papers and boxes which were used in traditional voting system. It is a simple device
that is operated smoothly by the polling officers and the voters. It is a single machine without
any network connection, and nobody can hamper with its programming and change the result.
Keeping in mind the unpredictable power supply position in many areas in the country, the
machines have been made to run on the simple batteries. EVM has only two main units:
Control unit and Ballot unit. The main role of the Control Unit is to store all information and
control the working of EVM. The solution which controls the operation of the control unit is
written into a micro chip on a in a manner which can not be altered.. Once it burn, cannot be
read, replicate or modified. The EVM uses effective coding to increase security of data
communicated from ballot unit to control unit. The recent EVM have also implemented real
time clock and date-time facility which authorize them to record the real time and date
whenever a key is pushed. When the voting is over and the close button is pushed, the

machine does not receive any information or store any vote. With the pressing of TOTAL
button, the control unit displays the total number of votes stored in the machine till that time
which can also be verified with the manual register of voters. EVM display screen on control
unit displays total number of votes recorded in at a polling station along with candidate-wise
votes recorded in the machine when the RESULT button is pushed by the counting officer in
the presence of counting representative at the vote counting centre. The control unit also
exposes any physical damaging made, if any, with the associating cable and communicate the
same in the display unit. As everybody watched the electoral situation occurred in Florida in
2000, people started wondering; Wouldnt all our problems be solved if they just used EVoting? People all over the world soon started taking a hard look at their voting material and
procedures, and trying to find out how to improve them [13]. There are many strong reasons
for moving towards Remote Internet Voting like voter convenience, increase voter confidence
and voter turnout. However, there are many serious technical and social issues that make
Remote Internet Voting infeasible in the visible future. Therefore, many technologists have
suggested that remote poll-site electronic voting, where the voter can vote at any poll-site
seems to be the best step forward as it meets all requirements including convenience without
compromising with security aspect in electoral process. Electronic voting means the use of
computer based equipments in an election to register ballots. In general, E-voting stands for a
method where electronic systems are used in all phases of electoral process in including
registration, vote cast, counting and results notification.
Manual elections are very expensive and time consuming. In previous manual elections in
India, a nationwide ballot consumed thousands of tons of stationary paper including about 4
lacs phials of indelible ink and required about 3 million strongboxes to store them under
heavy security until the votes were counted. In the past, it took up to three four days to
count the votes, with hired personnel spending day and night in secured areas manually
counting each ballot. Sometimes demanding for repeat the counting resulting for the
minimum margin difference of the votes between the top two candidates coupled with large
number of invalid and uncertain votes. The electronic voting machines are intended both to
reduce errors and to speed up the counting process. Advantages of Electronic Voting Machine
over the conventional ballot paper/ballot box system are
i. It removes the possibility of invalid and uncertain votes which, in many cases, are the root
causes of dispute and election appeal.
ii. It makes the procedure of counting the votes much faster than the traditional system.
iii. It decreases to a great expanse the quantity of paper used so saving a large number of trees
making the process eco-friendly.

iv. It minimized the cost of printing almost zero.

The category electronic voting is potentially broad, referring to several distinct possible
stages of electronic usage during the course of an election. For the purposes of this research
work, distinctions are made between the following terms:
Electronic voting: Electronic voting is a voting process where electronic machines are used
to facilitate vote without using paper ballots. Once recorded, an electronic vote is stored
digitally and transferred from each electronic voting machine to a counting system [41].
Electronic vote counting: Vote counting through electronic means is known as electronic
vote counting. In this phase of election, ballots are tabulated for publication of election
results. It this method of counting, voters are allowed to cast their votes without using
electronic medium, but counting these votes is done with the help of an electronic system and
award seats through an electronic vote counting

2.3 Current Market Solution Available:

At present Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State
Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections and in total since 2004
elections. The EVMs reduce the time in both casting a vote and declaring the results
compared to the old paper ballot system. However, EVMs have been under a cloud of
suspicion over their alleged tamping arability and security problems during elections
(especially after the 2009 general elections). An EVM consists of two units:
Control Unit
Balloting Unit
The Control Unit is with the Polling Officer and the Balloting Unit is placed inside the voting
compartment

But EVM is very complicated and there is lot of wasting of time and money so SMS voting
machine can be a safer mode of casting vote with respect to Electronic Voting Machines
(EVM).

2.4 Current Technology Used in Project:

The current technology used in the project is SMS (Short Message Service) service based on
GSM (Global System for Mobile).GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is an
open, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM
supports voice calls and data transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbps, together with the transmission
of SMS (Short Message Service). GSM operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHz bands in Europe
and the 1.9GHz and 850MHz bands in the US. The use of harmonized spectrum across most
of the globe, combined with GSMs international roaming capability, allows travellers to
access the same mobile services at home and abroad. GSM enables individuals to be reached
via the same mobile number in up to 219 countries. Terrestrial GSM networks now cover
more than 90% of the worlds population. GSM satellite roaming has also extended service
access to areas where terrestrial coverage is not available
2.5 SUMMARY
This chapter briefly describes the terminology used in E-voting system including the
international status of electronic voting. Comparative analysis of electronic voting techniques
implemented in various countries with a scope of improvement in them has been presented
well. Analysis of various biometric techniques has been described in the next chapter.