Additional Mathematics Project Work 3

Additional Mathematics Project Work 3 Name : Steve Lim Keaw Ann I/C : 930130-10-
5099 Class : 5 Local School : Kolej Tuanku Ja’afar

Additional Mathematics Project Work 3
Content
Title
Content Acknowledgement & Appreciation Objective Question of Additional Mathemat
ics Project Work 3 Answers Part 1 a Part 1 b,c Part 1 d, Part 2 a,b Part 2 c Par
t 2 d(i) Part 2 d(ii), e Further Exploration Reflection Illustraion
Page
1 2 3 4~7 8 9 ~ 10 11 12 13 14 15 ~ 16 17 18 19 ~ 20
This Project Is Fully Done By Steve Lim Keaw Ann
Page 1
Acknowledgement and Appreciation
First of all, I would like to say thank you to my friends, teachers and parents
for giving me their full support in making this project successful. Not forgotte
n to my family for providing everything, such as money, to buy anything that are
related to this project work and their advise, which is the most needed for thi
s project. Internet, books, computers and all that act as my source to complete
this project. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this task so
that I will not procrastinate in doing it. Then I would like to thank my teacher
, Mr Hussin Bin Sahid for guiding me and my friends throughout this project. We
had some difficulties in doing this task, but he taught us patiently and gave me
guidance throughout the journey until we knew what to do. He tried his best to
help us until we understand what we supposed to do with the project work. Beside
s that, my friends who were doing this project with me and shared our ideas. The
y were helpful that when we combined and discussed together, we had this task co
mpleted in just a glimpse of an eye. Last but not least, any party which involve
d either directly or indirect in completing this project work. Thank you everyon
e. Yours sincerely,
(Steve Lim Keaw Ann)
Page 2
Objective
We, as the students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a pr
oject work while we are in Form 5. This year the Curriculum Development Division
, Ministry of Education has prepared for tasks for us with four choices, and I c
hose the third task. We are to choose and complete ONLY one task based on our ar
ea of interest. This project can be done in groups or individually, but each of
us are expected to submit an individually written report. Upon completion of the
Additional Mathematics Project Work, we are to gain valuable experiences and ab
le to: 1. Apply and adapt a variety of problem solving strategies to solve routi
ne and non-routine problems 2. Experience classroom environments which are chall
enging, interesting and meaningful and hence improve their thinking skills 3. Ex
perience classroom environments where knowledge and skills are applied in meanin
gful ways in solving real-life problems 4. Experience classroom environments whe
re expressing ones mathematical thinking, reasoning and communication are highly
encouraged and expected 5. Experience classroom environments that stimulates an
d enhances effective learning 6. Acquire effective mathematical communication th
rough oral and writing, and to use the language of mathematics to express mathem
atical ideas correctly and precisely 7. Enhance acquisition of mathematical know
ledge and skills through problem- solving in ways that increase interest and con
fidence 8. Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in wo
rkplace 9. Realises that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solvin
g real-life problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics. 10
. Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, t
o cooperate and to share knowledge in an engaging healthy environment 11. Use te
chnology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively 12. Train ourselves to
appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become more creative and
innovative 13. Realises the importance and the beauty of mathematics
Page 3
Question of Additional Mathematics Project Work 3 Year 2010
This Project Is Fully Done By Steve Lim Keaw Ann Page 4
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MALAYSIA ADDITIONAL MATHEM
ATICS PROJECT WORK 3/2010
BACKGROUND
Every business requires some form of investment and a sufficient number of custo
mers to buy its products or services that give profits on a continuous basis. Wh
en pricing experts set a selling price for a new product, their goal is to maxim
ize profits. They begin by estimating the demand for the product at various sell
ing prices. Generally, the demand for a product will increase as the selling pri
ce decreases.
PART 1
Table 1 shows the various selling prices and estimated demand for a particular c
omputer component manufactured by a company, Warisan RMN. Selling Price Per Unit
, , (RM) 75 125 200 250 Estimated Year demand, , (units) 4500 3500 2000 1000
Table 1
a) Determine the relationship between the demand, , and the selling price, ,
by plotting a graph based on the values displayed in Table 1. Plotting of the g
raph can be done manually, using computer software such as Microsoft Excel or gr
aphing calculator. Interpret the graph, discus and write a brief explanation on
the relationship between the demand of the selling price of the computer compone
nts manufactured by the company. b) Assuming that production cost of the compone
nt is RM 50 per unit, express the yearly profit, , in terms of the selling pri
ce, . Comment on your answer. [Note: Total Profit = Total Sales – Total Cost]
c) Use two or more methods to determine the maximum profit and the corresponding
selling price. Explain your answers. d) Further, determine the number of the co
mputer components to be manufactured by the company in order to gain maximum pro
fit.
Page 5
PART 2
In year 2009, Warisan RMN made a profit of RM200,000. The company intends to inc
rease its production in year 2010, therefore needs a substantial amount of money
for capital investment. As manager of the company, you have to decide on the am
ount of loan and the period of the loan to be taken for the purpose mentioned ab
ove. Table 2 shows part of a monthly repayment schedule for a commercial loan fr
om bank A Loan Monthly Payment (RM) Amount 12 months 24 months 36 months 48 mont
hs 60 months (RM) 10,000 1034.00 617.00 478.00 409.00 467.00 15,000 1550.00 925.
00 717.00 613.00 550.00 20,000 2067.00 1234.00 956.00 817.00 734.00 25,000 2584.
00 1542.00 1195.00 1021.00 917.00 30,000 3100.00 1850.00 1434.00 1225.00 1100.00
35,000 3617.00 2159.00 1673.00 1430.00 1284.00 40,000 4134.00 2467.00 1912.00 1
634.00 1467.00 45,000 4650.00 2775.00 2150.00 1838.00 1650.00 50,000 5167.00 308
4.00 23890.0 2042.00 1834.00 Table 2
a) Based on Table 2, Calculate the total amount of interest incurred for each ch
oise of repayment period and their corresponding amount of loan. Tabulate the va
lues in Table 3. Total Loan RM 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 Total Interest
Incurred (RM) 24 months 36 months 48 months
12 months
60 months
Table 3 b) Based on your findings in (a) calculate the average interest rate per
month. Tabulate your results and comment on your findings. c) Further, tabulate
the amount of yearly repayment for each choice of repayment period up to 5 year
s for loan amounts from RM10,000 to RM 100,000. By obversing the total annual pa
yment for 12 months, show that the annual payment for loan amount of RM10,000, R
M15,000, RM20,000 and so on form a progression.
Page 6
d) The company allocated only 20% of the profit made in the year 2009 on loan re
payment period per annum. Assume that the company continues to make an annual pr
ofit of RM200,000 in the following years. (i) Based on your table in (c), determ
ine the maximum amount of loan, in multiples of RM5000, for each choice of repay
ment period: 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 5 years. (ii) Hence, determin
e which loan option should the company take, and elaborate on your reasons. e) T
he company has set aside a reserve fund of RM 50,000 in a bank and earns monthly
interest beginning 1st January 2010. Assuming that the bank gives an annual int
erest of 2.5%; determine the amount of the reserve fund at the end of each month
until 31 st December 2010.
FURTHER EXPLORATION
Look into other commercial loans or other financial sources available in the mar
ket that may be utilized by the company for its capital investment. (Example: Ov
erdraft, Islamic Loan) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of the different
types of loans available.
REFLECTION
While you were conducting the project, what have you learnt? What moral values d
id you practice? Represent your opinions or feelings creatively through usage of
symbols, illustrations, drawings or even in a song.
Extracted from “Additional Mathematics Project Work 3”
Answers
Page 8
Part 1
a) As the selling price, increases, the estimated yearly demand, decreases
. Thus we can say that the relationship is inversely proportional as shown below
1 If a against graph is plotted, a straight line will be formed ∝
300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1000 2000 3500 4500
Graph 1.1 Graph against Based on graph 1.1, the curve of the graph shows a
curve, proving the relationship of against is inversely proportional. In
which means that as the selling price increases, the estimated yearly demand wil
l decrease.
Page 9
1
However, if a against graph is plotted, a straight line curve is obtained
Selling price per unit , , (RM) 75 125 200 250
300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005
1 1
Estimated Yearly Demand, , (Units) 4500 3500 2000 1000
Reciprocal of which is 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005 0.001
Series 1 Column1 Column2

0.001
Graph 1.2 Graph against
In graph 1.2, the graph shows a straight line when it is plotted against .
It actually means the same as graph 1.1.
Page 10
b) Cost of the computer product = RM50 per unit Express yearly profit, , in te
rms of selling price, . = − 50 Where is the total profit, is t
he selling price per unit and is the estimated yearly demand. For example bel
ow Selling Price Per Estimated Yearly Total Sales ( ) Total Cost Profit Unit,
, (RM) Demand, , (Units) (50 ) ( = − ) 75 4500 337,500 225,00
0 112,500 125 3500 437,500 175,000 262,500 200 2000 400,000 100,000 300,000 250
1000 250,000 50,000 200,000 Table 1.1 Based on Table 1.1 calculation has been ma
de to calculate the total profit using the formula = − . It was f
ound that the maximum profit can be obtained is when the selling price is RM200
per unit. Thus, Warisan RMN should sell each computer component at a price of RM
200 to ensure the amount of user buying the component is at maximum to produce
maximum profit. Although, the selling price was RM75 and the demand was 4500, th
e profit earned is still not as high as the previous one. c) First method to det
ermine the maximum profit is to produce a lot of computer component at a time. H
owever, the company should ensure that they have already gained a place in the u
sers’ heart so that they will purchase. This keeps the demand running on and on
thus preventing wastage of natural resources. We should keep in mind that excess
ive production does not guarantee a 100% reward. If production is too high and t
he demand for the certain product is low, it might cause losses due to lack of d
emand. Therefore, an advice for new companies is to produce minimum but rewardin
g amount of product. After the company gains the users’ trust, then the company
can start producing huge amount of product. However, provision should be made fo
r demand and economic crisis. Then only a maximum profit can be determined. The
second method is profit maximization. It is a process by which a firm determines
the price and output level that returns the greatest profit. There are several
approaches to this problem. The total revenue total cost method relies on the
fact that profit equals revenue minus cost, and the marginal revenue–marginal co
st method is based on the fact that total profit in a perfectly competitive mark
et reaches its maximum point where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Any co
sts incurred by a firm may be classed into two groups: fixed cost and variable c
ost. Fixed costs are incurred by the business at any level of output, including
zero output. These may include equipment maintenance, rent, wages, and general u
pkeep. Variable costs change with the level of output, increasing as more produc
t is
generated. Materials consumed during production often have the largest impact on
this category. Total cost is the total when fixed cost and variable cost are co
mbined. d) Referring to table 1.1, the maximum profit is obtained at the selling
price of 200. In order to obtain maximum profit, the selling price should be al
located in between RM125 and RM250. This is because the highest profit is in bet
ween the selling price of RM125 and RM250.
PART 2
a) The total interest incurred is calculated through the formula below =
− Where is total interest, is the total month for monthly payment and
for the number of months. For example loan amount of RM10,000 for 12 months p
ayment where each month repayment is RM1034.00 ∴ = = 12 1034 =
12,408 Total Loan RM 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 Total interest incu
rred (RM) 24 months 36 months 48 months 4,808 7,208 9,632 9,616 14,416 19,216 14
,400 21,624 28,800 19,208 28,832 38.432 24,016 36,004 48,016 Table 1.2
12 months 2,408 4,804 7,200 9,608 12,004
60 months 12,020 24,040 36,000 48,020 60,040
b) To calculate the average interest rate per month, a table in drawn and data a
re inserted. Average rate of interest per month is calculated as follow using th
e formula below. × 100 =
Indicator means average rate of interest per month means total interest in
curred which can be obtained from table 1.2 means the total loan and lastly
means the total number of months of repayment
Page 12
Average rate of interest per month 12 months 24 months 36 months 48 months 60 mo
nths 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
Table 1.3 From the results above, we can conclude that the percentage of interes
t incurred is 2% for each period of repayment. Besides, the total amount of inte
rest needed to pay exceeds the loan when the total repayment months are 60. Thus
, this means that the percentage of interest incurred is same for all loan regar
dless of the repayment period.
Total Loan RM 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
c)
Total Loan RM 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 55,
000 60,000 65,000 70,000 75,000 80,000 85,000 90,000 95,000 100,000
12 months 2,400 3,600 4,800 6,000 7,200 8,400 9,600 10,800 12,000 13,200 14,400
15,600 16,800 18,000 19,200 20,400 21,600 22,800 24,000
Total Interest incurred (RM) 24 months 36 months 48 months 4,800 7,200 9,600 7,2
00 10,800 14,400 9,600 14,400 19,200 12,000 18,000 24,000 14,400 21,600 28,800 1
6,800 25,200 33,600 19,200 28,800 38,400 21,600 32,400 43,200 24,000 36,000 48,0
00 26,400 39,600 52,800 28,800 43,200 57,600 31,200 46,800 62,400 33,600 50,400
67,200 36,000 54,000 72,000 38,400 57,600 76,800 40,800 61,200 81,600 43,200 64,
800 86,400 45,600 68,400 91,200 48,000 72,000 96,000
Table 1.4
60 months 12,000 18,000 24,000 30,000 36,000 42,000 48,000 54,000 60,000 66,000
72,000 78,000 84,000 90,000 96,000 102,000 108,000 114,000 120,000
Notes: All interests rate are based on Table 1.3
Page 13
d) Profit in year 2009 = RM200,000 20% of the profit = RM 40,000 Purpose of prov
ision of 20% = loan repayment Assumption = making the same profit in the same fo
llowing years i) The table below shows the maximum amount of profit earn in 5 ye
ars Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Profit earn for 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,00
0 200,000 that year Total profit 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 Provi
sion for 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000 200,000 repayment Table 1.5 If the Warisa
n RMN chooses to repay in 1 year time, I would recommend them to make loan of RM
30,000. This is because the amount needed to return back is RM37,200 (RM30,000+
RM7,200) including interests. This does not exceed the provision set by the comp
any. For the second choice of repayment is 2 years time. For this choice, I reco
mmend the company to request a loan of RM50,000. The total amount needed to repa
y is RM74,000 (RM50,000+RM24,000) inclusive of interests. For the third choice o
f repayment is 3 years time. I recommend the company to request a loan of RM65,0
00. The amount needed to repay is RM111,800 (RM65,000+RM46,800) For the fourth c
hoice is to repay within 4 years time. In this case, I suggests that a loan of R
M80,000 should be made. The amount of money needed to repay is RM156,800 (RM80,0
00+RM76,800). For the last choice is to pay within 5 years time. I will urge the
company to make a loan of RM 90,000. The total repayment amount is RM198,000 (R
M90,000+RM108,000) In conclusion, all the reason above is within the provision f
or repayment. Thus it can be summarised into a table as follows. Period of Year
Profit For Total Total Total Total Repayment That Year Provision Loan RM Interes
t Amount of (Year) For incurred Repayment Repayment RM 1 2009 200,000 40,000 30,
000 7,200 37,200 2 2010 200,000 80,000 50,000 24,000 74,000 3 2011 200,000 120,0
00 65,000 46,800 111,800 4 2012 200,000 160,000 80,000 76,800 156,800 5 2013 200
,000 200,000 90,000 108,000 198,000 Table 1.6
Page 14
ii)
Based on the the company, Warisan RMN situation, the firm needs a substantial am
ount of money for capital investment. Therefore, I, as the manager of the compan
y, should choose the best choice for the company thus can make more profit from
the loan and the repayment should not be a burden to the company. Based on the T
able 1.6, we can see that the amount of repayment does not exceed the provision
for repayment. Therefore, I would choose to make a loan of RM90,000 with a repay
ment within 5 years or 60 months. In this case, the total interests incurred is
RM108,000. When we sum it up, the total is RM198,000. For RM198,000, we can divi
ded into 60 months which is the repayment period. So in that case, we need to pa
y RM3,300 per month. Besides, we can make use of the loan by investing to make n
ew computer components which can be very profitable.
e) Situation The company has set aside a reserve fund of RM50,000 in a bank an e
arns monthly interest beginning 1st January 2010. Interest rate: 2.5% Problem: A
mount of the reserve fund at the end of each month until 31 st December 2010. Fr
om the situation above, we can conclude that the amount of money in the bank inc
reases by 2.5% per annum. Thus the information can be shown in a table form as f
ollows.
Page 15
Month
January February March April May June July August September October November Dec
ember 1 Year
Amount of Money in the beginning of the month 50,000 50,104.17 50,208.34 50,312.
51 50,416.68 50,520.85 50,625.02 50,729.19 50,833.36 50,937.53 51,041.70 51,145.
87 50,000
Amount of Interest (RM) 104.17 104.17 104.17 104.17 104.17 104.17 104.17 104.17
104.17 104.17 104.17 104.13 1,250
Total Amount Of Money at the end of the month 50,104.17 50,208.34 50,312.51 50,4
146.68 50,520.85 50,625.02 50,729.19 50,833.36 50,937.53 51,041.70 51,145.87 51,
250 51,250
The amount of interest obtained for a year is RM1,250. If it would be divided in
to 12 months, the amount will be RM1046 which is an infinite number. To make it
rational number, I made some adjustment where the first 11 months will receive R
M104.17 as interests and the last month which is December we will receive an int
erests of RM104.13. Sum it up we will get RM1,250 (RM104.17×11 + RM103.13 =RM1,2
50)
1
Page 16
FURTHER EXPLORATION
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" or "No" to your application Simple documentation requirements 27 easily ac
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ughout
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ment s call to support SME businesses nationwide Uses a transparent and object
ive credit scoring approach Fastest turnaround time for Loans up to RM 1 Milli
on A comprehensive range of financial products and services Holistic approac
h to credit approval with emphasis on your business experience, payment history
and account activity patterns SME Bank Bumiputra Bank No collateral required
You Non Collateralize , no don t have to pledge your guarantor required & ass
ets to be eligible, only CCRIS/CTOS/FIS also guarantee can apply from your direc
tors and/or Government servants & shareholders is/are required. private sector
staffs Easy to apply No need to ( Bhd / Sdn Bhd / get property valuation re
port Enterprise ) or transfer money from Pensioner or SOCSO other bank or Th
ose who are to use FD as security. blacklisted with any Fast approval Upon b
ank financial receiving full and institutions also can satisfactory documentat
ion apply from you, drawdown will CRITERIA : SALARY be available within 2 week
s MUST BE CREDITED subject to approval THROUGH BANK conditions. Specialized &
designed Loan from RM 50,000 to for Bumiputra working RM 500,000 You choose
in KL & Selangor the sum that suits your Guaranteed the lowest business needs.
installment plan in town Flexible repayment tenure Loan up to 3 5 times of
You can choose a period of salary / 10000 / higher repayment between 1 to 5 subj
ected to terms and years. conditions Instant approval within 30 minutes Brin
g us your document as follow : 3 months latest payslip 3 months latest bank s
tatement Employment confirmation letter Utilities bill
Page 17
REFLECTION
Throughout the project while I was conducting it, I learned many stuff. This inc
ludes on usage of knowledge and ways to conduct the project. While I was conduct
ing the project, I collected information from the internet and brochures from th
e banks regarding the loans. Besides, I manipulated my knowledge in other fields
such as accounting and economics in this research. However, the most important
this I have learnt from this project is to plan before we do something. In this
project, I was regarded as the manager of the firm Warisan RMN. I was required t
o make decision on making loans so that the company is able to increase its prod
uction in the following year, Year 2010. Thus, planning is required and informat
ion was given. Bank A provides such a loan and repayment period where we can mak
e our choice wisely. While planning, I made few tables on total interest incurre
d, average interest rate per month and also annual payment for the loan. This ha
s taught me that a lot of work should be done such as consideration and provisio
n for repayment before making a loan. We must be able to clear the debt within t
he time given and should not make decision in a haste because great haste make g
reat waste. Besides, I learned how to cooperate with friends. My friends and I d
iscussed about the project and we shared ideas amongst ourselves. This discussio
n has made me more confident when doing something. I also learned to be discipli
ned in terms of punctuality, doing project and not least to avoid plagiarism. In
a nutshell, I have learned something about the future and how serious can it be
if we make a wrong decision. Moreover, work that we done must be original and n
ot totally derived from other people. These two images have expressed my opinion
s from this project.
Page 18
Everything comes with a plan. Without a plan, we will fail. Just like the saying
goes, we don’t plan to fail but we fail to plan.
Page 19
A perfectly good business plan is a must to be done to have a long lasting and p
rofitable business.
Page 20

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Additional Mathematics Project Work 3 Name : Steve Lim Keaw Ann I/C : 930130-10-

5099 Class : 5 Local School : Kolej Tuanku Ja’afar

Series 1 Column1 Column2

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