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Refractive Index of a Liquid

Our Objective:
To determine the refractive index of a liquid using convex lens by parallax method.

The Theory:

In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction n of a material is a dimensionless

number that describes how light propagates through that medium. It is defined as:
n = c/v
where, c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the phase velocity of light in the
medium. For example, the refractive index of water is 1.333, meaning that light
travels 1.333 times faster in a vacuum than it does in water.
The refractive index determines how much light is bent, or refracted, when entering
a material. When light moves from one medium to another, it changes its direction,
i.e., it is refracted.
If i is the angle of incidence of a ray in vacuum and r is the angle of refraction, the
refractive index n is defined as the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the
sine of the angle of refraction.

When a convex lens is placed over some drops of the given liquid on a plane mirror,
a plano-concave liquid lens is formed between the lens and the mirror.
If f1 is the focal length of the convex lens and F is the focal length of the
combination of convex lens and plano-concave liquid lens, the focal length of the
liquid lens f2 is given by,

If R is the radius curvature of the face of the convex lens which is in contact with the
liquid, then the refractive index of the liquid is,

Learning outcomes:
Students understand the terms refractive index and planoconcave liquid lens.
Students will be better able to do the experiment in a real laboratory by
understanding the procedure.

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amrita.olabs.edu.in,. (2016). Refractive Index of a Liquid. Retrieved 24 January 2017, from
amrita.olabs.edu.in/?sub=1&brch=6&sim=247&cnt=1

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