PROCESS PIPING SYSTEM NO.

1
From Plate and Frame Filter Press to Evaporator

Figure 6.17. Process Piping System No.8

DESIGN DESCRIPTION
This is designed to transfer the lignopolyol solution from plate and frame filter press to
evaporator.
DATA AND ASSUMPTIONS
1. Piping contains:

4 standard 90 elbows

1 gate valve

1 centrifugal pump

2. The mass flowing through the pipe is 566.36 kg.

3. The density of the liquefied mass is 1,004.72 kg/m3.
4. The viscosity of liquefied mass is 40.49 centipoise.
5. The length of the straight pipe is 16.52 m.
6. The internal pressure of evaporator is 17.30 psi while that of plate and frame filter press
is 49.09 psi.
7. Fittings are standard with full openings.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1. The material of construction the pipe to be used is stainless steel 304 (Plant Design and
Economics for Chemical Engineers, 4th ed., Peters and Timmerhaus, Table 4, page 426).
2. For plain end pipe, over 1 in nominal size, an allowable for threading, mechanical strength
and corrosions 0.065 (Equipment Design by Hesse, page 221).
3. Centrifugal pump efficiency is 80% (Chemical Process Equipment by Couper et al. Page
XVIII).
4. Fluid is incompressible and isothermal.
5. Time of transportation is 5 minutes.
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1. Pipe Diameter
2. Pipe Thickness
3. Area
4. Flow velocity
5. Friction Factor
6. Pipe length
7. Friction Losses
8. Power Requirement
DESIGN CALCULATION
1. Pipe Diameter
" =

566.36 kg
1 2

300
1004.72 kg

" = 0.0019

2 35.31 2

=
.

1 2

For viscous laminar flow, using Eq. 16, p. 496, Plant Design and economics by Peters and
Timmerhaus 4th ed.,
A,CDE = 3.0"F.2G F.IJ
where:
A,CDE = ,
" = ,

= ,

 2
A,CDE = 3.0 0.067

F.2G

40.49

F.IJ

A,CDE = 2.21 = 56.13

.
= . (. )
= . (. )
2. Pipe Thickness
From Principles of Transport Processes and Separation Processes by Geankoplis, 4th
edition, Appendix A.5, p.996, for a 2.5 inches nominal pipe size schedule 40, pipe
thickness:
= . (. )
3. Area

= A p
4

= 0.06271
4

= . s
3. Flow Velocity
=
=

1
1

566.36 kg
1
1


60
3.0910s2 p
5
1004.72
1
3

= .

Compute the Reynolds number to check if the assumption is correct:

yz =

yz =

1004.72

40.49 10s2

0.06271

0.61

= . ,
3. Friction Factor
From Principles of Transport Processes and Separation Processes by Geankoplis, 4th edition,,
p.92, the equation for laminar flow is:

 , =
4.

16
16
=
= .
yz 949.21

Pipe length
Using Fig 127 (Equivalent Lengths of Valves and Various Fittings) with a nominal pipe

diameter of 3.5 in (Unit Operations by Brown, pg 141),

Standard elbow = 6.5 ft

Gate Valve = 1.25 ft

Straight pipe = 54.15 ft

Solving total length,

= 4 6.5 + 1.25 + 54.15 = 81.45 = 24.81
Use 25.0 m
5. Friction Losses
To solve the friction loss, using Equation 63 of Unit Operations by Brown:
m
1 ft
0.01781.45 ft 0.61
fLv p
s
0.3048 m
lwf =
=
lb ft
1 ft
2g D
2 32.2
2.469 in
12 in
lbf s p

= .

6. Power Requirement
Solving for potential head:
g
1 ft
z = 2.5 m

g
0.3048 m

ft
ft lbf
sp
= 8.20
lb ft
lbm
32.2
lbf s p
32.2

Solving for pressure head:

144 p
P
p 1 p
=

2.205
1
1004.72 2
1
3.2808

49.09 2.60

= 106.71

Solving for kinetic head:

v p
= 0 (since no change in diameter)
2g

ft lbf
lbm

Substitute in Mechanical Energy Balance,

v p
g
P
W = lwf +
+ z +
2g
g

W = 0.42

ft lbf
ft lbf
ft lbf
ft lbf
+ 0 + 8.20
+ 106.71
= 115.33
lbm
lbm
lbm
lbm

Mass flowrate,
m =

566.36 kg
2.205lb
lb

= 4.16
60 sec
1 kg
s
5 min
1 min

Considering an 80% efficiency Centrifugal pump efficiency is 80% (Chemical Process Equipment
by Couper et al. Page XVIII).

115.33
Power Requirement =

ft lbf
lb
4.16
s
lbm
0.80

1 hP
ft lbf
550
s
1.50 hP

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
Table 6.27 Process Piping System No. 8
PROCESS PIPING SYSTEM NO. 8
To transfer lignopolyol solution from plate and frame
Function
filter press to evaporator
Material of Construction
Stainless Steel 304
DESIGN DATA
Four Standard 90 Elbows
Auxiliaries
One Gate Valve
Centrifugal Pump
Pipe Size
2.5 nominal pipe size ; schedule 40
ID = 2.469 in (62.71 mm)
Pipe Diameter
OD = 2.875 in (73.03 mm)
Pipe Thickness
t = 0.203 in (5.16 mm)
Area
3.09x10-3 m2
Flow Velocity
0.61 m/s
Friction Losses
0.42 ft lbf/lbm
Power Requirement
1.50 hp