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14.
15.
AR = 1/2500
(square root it) =
1/50 (multiply by
2) = 1/25
delirium
17.
vestibular = rt
side.
18.
chediak higashi.
Def in
phagolysosome
function
rotavirus
20x2 = 40 ml/sec.
(40x60)/1000 =
2.4 L/min
acute tub
necrosis proximal tubule
DMD. Serum
creatine kinase
activity
e. coli
pul edema
RSV = ribavirin
inc capillary
hydrostatic
pressure
carboxylation of
prothrombin - Vit
K.
16.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
congenital ureteral
obstruction
metencephalon
reyes syndrome.
Cerebral edema. Inc
ammonia, lactate, PT,
transaminase activity.
peptidoglycan
minimal change
CREST synd.
Peristalsis dec, LES
tone dec
congenital
hypothyroidism
actinic keratosis =
know histo
minimal change.
Glomerilar capillary
loops
maintenance of
basement membrane
integrity = normal BM
so nothing was
messed up = norma x
ray
nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis
meckel diverticulum
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
cytotoxic T
lymphocytes
47.
48.
49.
hallucinogen use
54.
atrophy
55.
50.
51.
52.
53.
psudofolliculitits
barbae = razor
burns.
hypersensitivity
pneumonitis
arterial O2 carrying
capacity
wiskott aldrich
syndrome
21-hydroxylase =
think normal vs
hyper. Is normal bp
then 21, if htn then
11b def.
primary ovarian
faliure
lactic acidosis
coxsackievirus
pheochromocytoma.
Adrenal medulla catecholamines.
Very bottom layer layer with
chromaffin cells
PID = mc is
gonorrhea
sarcoidosis,
granulomas with
foregin body giant
cells, inc ace levels
thyroid glands
abetaliproproteinemia.
Apo B
ecstacy
olanzapine
porphobilinogen =
acute intermittent
porphyria txt glucose and heme to
inh ALA synthase
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
plasma membrane
N. gonorrhoeae
endothelial cell
dysfunction
nitric oxide
takayasu arteritis
cortical hyperplasia
influenza virus = ss
RNA E (-) could also
be retrovirus = HIV,
HTLV = E ss linear (+)
coagulation necrosis
and neutrophilic
inflammation
neurons of striatum
serum calcium
concentration = MEN 1
- associated with
zollinger = kidney
stones and stomach
ulcers
vascular malformation
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
melanoma =
papillary dermis
silicosis
acute
intermitten
porphyria.
Heme synthesis
alcoholic
hypothyroidism
Mallory haline.
peritonitis
statistical
significance and
practical
importance of
the difference in
success rates
nucleolus
endometrial
hyperplasia =
late 40's with
inc bleed and
inc cells
pleural effusion
inc intestinal
iron absorption
calcium hypocalcemia
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
presence of
antithyroid
peroxidase
antibodies
rt phrenic nerve
adenocarcinoma
basal forebrain,
neurons in
cerebral cortex
pleural effusion
( dec breath,
dull, dec TF)
could be
atelectasis
small intestine
fear of sudden
death
eosinophilic
inclusions - lewy
body in neurons
on sibstantia
nigra
osteitis
deformans =
pagets
renal cell
carcinoma
acquired def of
intrinsic factor
(can not be
congenital since
he is 70)
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
macular
degeneration
polycythemia vera.
Phlebotomy
normal pressure
hydrocephalus
type I error - 5%
2500-500 = 2000.
200/2000 = 10%
unable to calculate.
Insufficient data
gag = glycine,
aspartate, glutamine
shigella
action of pancreatic
enzymes on adipose
tissue
synchronized
discharge ot
thalamocortical
neurons
familial
hypercholesterolemia
= AD. Absence of
functional LDL
receptors in
hepatocytes.
lateral medulla.
Ipsilateral.
fat necrosis
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
134.
recombination
glycerol kinase
tactile sentation =
large myelinated
fibers - pressure,
touch
propranolol
basal cells
major depressive
disorder
inhibits apoptosis
alchoholic, confusion, serum Na 99, txt with 0.9% saline. 4 days later,
confuions, slurred speech, muscle
weakness, lesion where?
brainstem - central
contine myelinolysis
membrane
linkage disequilibrium
clipidogrel
dialated
cardiomyopathy
hemagglutinin
pulmonary fibrosis
failure of closure
fo rostral end of
neural tube
ulnar = anterior
branch, lower
plexus
inc concentration
of surfactant
protein D
139.
aspirin inhibits?
cox 1, 2 = dec
synth of
prostaglandin
140.
polymyalgia
rheumatica
141.
5 lipoxygenase
to dec
leukotrienes
2-naphthylamine.
Transitional cell
ca = aromatic
amines
lambert eaton
synd.
cryotherapy
oxidation by
cytochrome
p450
bicornuate uterus bc of
incomplete
fusion of
paramesonephric
of mullerian duct
nephrotic
syndrome
flexion
urethral
obstruction
spinothalamic
tract
adenocarcinoma
B pleated sheet
structure amyloids (A or B)
135.
136.
137.
138.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
glucose
ischemic colitis
laceration to middle
meningeal artery
173.
174.
172.
endothlin receptor
gilbert syndrome
foregut
163.
bulimia. Txt?
164.
dec Na permiability
binding of cAMP to
regulatory subunits, which
release the catatlytic
subunits.
159.
160.
161.
162.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
GI = small intestine
fibrinoid pericarditis =
coag necrosis and
neutrophils
pre B lymphocytes
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
vincristine =
microtbules for axonal
transport = areflexia,
peripheral neuritis.
atrian natruritic
peptides, inh renin
release
child w multiple frx, behind on dev osteopetrosis milstones, teeth errupted late, inc osteoclast
bone density, wideing of
metaphyses and diaphyses of long
bone. Diag and what is defective
chronic diarrhea leads to what in
acid base?
25hydroxycholecalciferol
leishmania major
aspirin
DNA
t lymphocytes
prospective,
randomized,
controlled study of
administration of drug
X vs. placebo
tobramycin and
ampicillin = aminoglyco
and penicillin
water
lipid a
facilitated = carrier
mediated diffusion
consequence of impaired
synthesis fo IL-1
impaired function of T
lymphocytes
microangiopathy
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
cough suppresnat.
Less abuse potential,
less cough
suppression, minimal
analgesia and
constipaiton
compared to codeine.
Rx?
dextromethorphan
C. perfringens evades
destruction by
neutrophils in pts with
clostridial
myonecrosis?
203.
204.
202.
ropinirole , bromocriptine
loss of consciousness
secondary hyperaldosteronism
bradykinin
misoprostol
25 hydoxycholecal - normal, 1, 25
dihydroxycholecal - dec, PTH - inc
deg of corticospinal
tractc and atrophy of
ventral roots?
develop from
primordial gut,
contain ganglia
innervated by enteric
neurons?
pancreas
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
mycosis. Amphotericin B.
Mycosis = sezary = lymph
node tumor that can
spread and infect.
protein structure
ileum
imprinting
degeneration of
motorneurons of lumbar
cord = must be LMN =
lesion of anterior horn
Diptheria vaccine?
toxoid
aspirin
increase, increase,
increase
DMD inheritance
x linked recessive
methylation of E colu
nonmaleficence
= first do no
harm
aneurysm of
PCA
bb =
propranolol
242.
prazosin alpha
antagonist
243.
noncompetitive
antagonist
glycolysis
X and Y are
equally
efficacious
asbestosis =
ferruginous
bodies.
ubiquitin ligase
= proteasome
reticulocyte
count
MEN 2A = ret
gene mutation
233.
lipid A
234.
receptor TK
235.
inc estrogen =
ovarian tumor
secreting
estrogen
dandy walker
syndrome
254.
interstitial
nephritis.
255.
antipsychotics =
mainly atypical
= risperidone
221.
222.
223.
224.
225.
226.
227.
228.
229.
230.
231.
232.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
256.
Kf (coefficent of
filtration) x((HPgcHPbs)-(oncotic gconcotic bs))
faster degradation
erythromycin moa
einterferes with
translocation
subarachnoid hem.
no adrenal
medulla
germline
inactivation of the
BRCA 1 gene
TSH
all decrease = ds
of proximal renal
tubes of kidney.
coccidioides
immitis - spheroles
in endospores
polyglutamic acid
= anthrax
controlled trial
lipopolysaccharide
stim prod of TNF.
dec plasma
oncotic pressure
stenosis of
aqueduct of
sylvius.
cimetidine
257.
258.
259.
260.
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
273.
274.
apoptosis
lymphoma
molluscum
contagiosum
HIV 2 = subtype
HIV that viral load
comes back
negative
crossing over
cholecystokinin
on cell membrane
of
megakaryocytes
282.
fusion of the
metanephric
masses
283.
8 days
284.
1/2 Vmax = Km
acute
hemopericardium
inh of prostacyclin
without inh of
thromboxane A2
in platelets
inc hydrostatic
pressure in
splenic vein
dopamin drugs
antiphosphoilipid
antibody
syndrome - most
likely from SLE
large diameter
axons of distal
portion of
peripheral nerves
quinidine
inhibits na cl
symporter
hypothalamus
problem
275.
276.
activation of specific
cell surface receptor
277.
complex transposons
fetal
incomplete formation
of pleuroperitoneal
membrane. Herniation
of stomach to lungs.
enterococcus faecalis
278.
279.
transduction
crossover.
airway compression
segmental ischemic
necrosis. = transmural
inflammation with
fibrinoid necrosis
vitamin E
cystine
280.
281.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.
294.
295.
296.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
phosphorylation
of mannose
residues
increase
renin
transcytosis = in
colostrum
(breast milk)
OKT3
monoclonal
antibody
albinism
PFK-1 = 6
phosphofructo 1
kinase
inc breakdown
of glycogen
phospholipase
C
psychosis
IgA
nephropathy.
PICA
bromocriptine
effect would
occur by
chance in less
than 5% of
repeated
samples of this
size
316.
317.
318.
319.
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
increase in
width
follicular
adenoma
310.
polysaccharide
capsule
311.
gastric bleed
312.
314.
315.
309.
313.
325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
esophageal
stricture
N-glycosidic
bonds
peroxidation of
membrane lipids
= free radical
injury
disruption of
plasma
membrane
slipped strand
mispairing
blastomyces
dermatidis
low neutrophil
count - should be
around 50%
inferior epigastric
artery
mut of
topoisomerase II,
dna gyrase =
fluoroquinolones
short gastric
metabolic
alkalosis volume
contraction
amorphous
extracellular
matrix
MCA on the rt
spetic shock
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
343.
344.
345.
pertussis, activates
adenylate cyclase by inh
Gi.
theophylline
paraganglioma
mc mode of inheritance of
disorders caused bythe
mutation of genes that encode
enzymes
autosomal recessive
anova = analysis of
variance
dna synthesis
346.
MOA of alondronate?
347.
MOA of cyclophosphamide.
crosslinks DNA
at N7 guanine =
stops DNA
replication
348.
release of virus
from the
infected
epithelial cells
gap junction
inc fetal
pancreatic
secretion of
insulin
fibrinogen
g6pd catalyzed
generation of
NADPH
transfer
requires cell to
cell contact
gardern
syndrome
affects testes =
orchitis
hypocalcemia,
low PTH, high
urine calcium
cleavage and
polyadenylation
358.
nicotinic
acetylcholine
receptors. Post
synaptic ach rec
359.
myeloperoxidase def.
def prod of
hydroxy halide
radicals.
serotonin.
proling fecal
excretion of
organism
3 Na out and 2
K in
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
thymidylate synthase
miconazole no longer
effective. Resistance to what
target?
lanosterol C14
demethylase active site
microinvasive cervical
carcinoma. Micro would show?
membrane lipid
perioxidation =
reperfusioin injury = free
radicals
355.
356.
357.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.
368.
369.
370.
371.
372.
373.
374.
375.
nephrectomy using
poserolateral approach
incision through?
transversalis fascia
376.
PDA
377.
378.
379.
ulnar
no B2 microglobulin
expression. What is
altered?
cytotoxic T lymphocytes
nonhemolytic, catalase
negative, gram +, cocci in
pairs and chains. Diag?
NPV.
nucleosomal gaps
represent?
resp depression
OD propranolol. To stim
same second messenger
what rx to inc hr?
glucagon
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
385.
386.
oocytes are
released from what
arrested stage
orally administered
for serious systemic
infection?
ciprofloxacin
osteoarthritis. What
is the earliest stage
in development
period prevalence
ovoid macrocytic
b12 def. Parietal cell of stomach
anisocytosis and
dysfunction
some poikiolocytosis
of erythrocytes. Abd
pain, mucle
weakness, buring in
hands and tingling in
toes. Diag? cause?
oxydation of what
compound requires
carnitine?
palmitate
paclitaxel - binds to
microtubules.
Interfere with cell
cycle where?
M phase
thromboxane A2
387.
388.
389.
390.
391.
392.
393.
394.
395.
396.
397.
398.
399.
400.
401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
strep
pneumoniae
ear
common bile
duct obstruction
trochanteric
bursa.
406.
407.
408.
409.
supraspinatus
410.
duodenal pH.
Most likely from
dec HCO3
secretion
protrusion of
fundus into the
chest above the
level of T10
411.
412.
413.
adenosine
renal
insufficiency penicillin is
renally excreted
protein kinase
comunication
asbestos.
inc osmolarity in
tubular lumen
PKU. Aa supplementation
tyrosine
essential
thrombocythemia
isotonic,
hypotonic,
hypotonic
inferior vena
cava
414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.
420.
421.
inferior alveolar
nerve = supplies
nerve to
mandible and
teeth
palmar
cutaneous
branch of
median nerve
strep viridans
(not there),
strep mitis
dec
sarcoplasmic
ATP
inc of
metabolic
products in the
heart
inc vascualr
hydrostatic
pressure
Major
depressive
episode
loss of enteric
inh motor
innervation
placenta
accreta
dec
competency of
lower
esophageal
sphincter
estrogen = inc
Thyroid
globulin
receptors
accessory
nipple
kills
hypnozoites
release of
leukocyte
cytokines into
the circulation
tubulin
422.
423.
424.
425.
426.
427.
428.
429.
430.
431.
432.
433.
434.
435.
436.
437.
438.
hyperplasia
breakdown of skeletal
muscle protein
pt has dj vu before
seizures. What part of brain
is affected
temporal
445.
inc EDV
446.
vasodilating prostaglandins
at the afferent arterioles.
439.
440.
441.
442.
443.
444.
447.
448.
449.
alcoholism = hepatotoxicity
450.
451.
452.
453.
454.
455.
456.
inhaled cromolyn =
inh mast cell
degradation
amitriptyline
blood flow
larger percentage
of cardiac output
post synaptic
sympathetics from
sup cervical
ganglion
more common in
males. So if a girl
has it now and has
a brother it is more
likley.
facilitated diffusion
75
recombination involves
homologous sites
pneumothorax
s. aur. = bacteria
not virus
glutamine and
aspartate
fibromuscular
dysplasia
resistance to ciprofloxacin
dna gyrase
protein processing
enterobius,
mebendazole
defibrillators
placed in public
places of the city
457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
462.
differentiation of
leukemic cells
anticholinesterase
drug only
sodium
exposure has
lower risk of ds. =
RR <1 is lower, >1 is
higher
rt renal vein vs lt
renal vein
release of NT into
the cleft
477.
478.
479.
480.
481.
482.
metoclopramide
483.
orlistat
rx inhibits 30S
doxycycline
dantrolene
468.
ACE inhibitors - if
not there then
ARBs. = sartans
487.
469.
rx to prevent malaria
mefloquine or
chloroquine
488.
470.
rx to reverse tubocurare
atropine and
neostigmine
463.
464.
465.
466.
467.
471.
472.
473.
474.
475.
476.
484.
485.
486.
neutralizing
antibodies in the
circulation
irradiated packed
rbc
A adrenergic
agonis =
vasoconstriction.
phosphorylase
kinase
multiply the
chance of
servivial after
each year
489.
490.
491.
492.
493.
494.
495.
magnesium
sublimation
gain of stabilizing
hydrophobic
interactions in the
deoxygenated form
of HbS
intercostal muscle
then costal pleura
(parietal)
chronic
pyelonephritis
horners = cervical
spinal cord
dec, inc
2,3
bisphosphoglycerate
mosaicism
inc repertoire of
gene products
PTH
cohort study
phosphorylation of
enzymes
496.
497.
498.
499.
500.
501.
502.
503.
504.
505.
506.
507.
508.
509.
510.
511.
512.
513.
heme synthesis
514.
no constriction bc retinal
ganglion cells in the lt eye
have been destroyed
515.
spleen
myofibroblast activity
endoderm
DNA = histones
dec IP 3
throwing up blood, hx of
hep B. why?
congenital
hypoparathyroidism
phosphorylatin of
downstream milecules in
response to nerve growth
factor
516.
517.
518.
519.
520.
521.
522.
523.
524.
525.
526.
527.
528.
529.
530.
531.
532.
dec
presynaptic
chloride influx
iron def
vagus
coma, miosis,
cyanosis
monochorionic
monoamniotic
cimetidine
angina
pectoris =
arrythmia
infection =
stress
sulfasalazine
endometrial
glands and
stroma
clomiphene
Hib vaccine
unimmunized, photophobia,
nuchalrigidity, flaccid paralysis
single
stranded RNA
- polio
opiates
failure of
urogenital
folds to fuse
dec
concentration
of bile acid
inositol
triphosphate
533.
534.
535.
536.
537.
538.
539.
540.
541.
542.
543.
544.
545.
546.
547.
548.
549.
550.
551.
multiple
polymorphisms
HIV = retrovirus
cryptosporidium
parvum
552.
cyclosporin
553.
filgrastim = gcsf
a larger SD that
covers a wider
variety
substantia nigra
secretin
killed =
bacterial
polysaccharides
ascending loop
= hypocalcemia
media layer of
epithelium
splenic flexure
creatine
phosphate
regenerates
ATP
uses non
standard
genetic code
oral
metronidazole
trichomoniasis
554.
555.
basal layer
keratinocytes
increase, increase, no
change
superoxide anion
mesangial cells
cytoplasm
competitive
antagonist
osteoblasts
immunohistochemistry
kallikrein
oxytocin
556.
557.
558.
559.
560.
561.
562.
563.
564.
565.
566.
567.