breUnit 2 Chapter Tour

Learning Target
Proficiency
4
3
2
1
0
Learning Target
Proficiency
4
3
2
1
0

I can predict how metabolism is controlled through enzymes.

Descriptor
Definition
Proficient
I can predict how metabolism is controlled through enzymes.
Developing
I can differentiate between anabolism and catabolism.
Basic
I can identify organic and inorganic substances important to the
human body and explain why each is important.
Minimal
I can define organic and inorganic substances.
No Evidence No evidence.
I can analyze substances and describe how they are used as energy in the body.
Descriptor
Definition
Proficient
I can analyze substances and describe how they are used as energy
in the body.
Developing
I can sequence the events of cellular respiration glycolysis, the
citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Basic
I can interpret a diagram that sequences the process of cellular
respiration.
Minimal
I can define the steps of cellular respiration.
No Evidence No evidence.

Chapter 2

Section 2.3 Chemical Constituents of Cells (p. 39-47)

Define:
Inorganic: All other. dissociate in water to release ions, they are electrolytes
Organic: Chemicals that include both carbon and hydrogen atoms
Carbohydrates: Provide much of the energy that cells require
Monosaccharides: Sugars with 6 carbon atoms
Disaccharides: Double sugars
Polysaccharides: complex carbohydrates are made up of many simple sugar units
Lipids: organic substances that are insoluble in water but not soluble in certain organic solvents
Triglyceride: single fat
Phospholipid: molecule is similar to a fat molecule in that it consists of glycerol portion and fatty and
chains, has 2 fatty acid chains
Steroid: molecules are complex structures that include four connected rings of carbon atoms
Proteins: have a wide variety of functions in the body
Amino acids: the building blocks of proteins
Conformation: final protein a distinctive three dimensional shape
Nucleic Acids: form genes and take part in protein synthesis
Question:
How do inorganic and organic molecules differ?
Organic, chemicals that include both carbon and hydrogen atoms. The rest of inorganic. Inorganic substances
usually dissociate in water to release ions.
*Create a chart comparing the shape, function, example, monomer, polymer of the organic chemicals
in cells.

Shape

Function

Example

Monomer

Polymer

Carbohydrates

Provides
energy, cell
structure

Glucose,
starch

Monosaccharides

Polysaccharides

Lipids

Provides
energy, cell
structure

Triglycerides,
phospholipid
s, steroids

Glycerol

Proteins

Provides cell
structure,
enzymes,
energy

Albumins,
hemoglobin

Amino Acids

Polypeptide

Nucleic acids

Store info for

protein
synthesis,
control cell
activities

RNA, DNA

Nucleotides

polynucleotide

Chapter 4

Section 4.1-4.5 Cellular Metabolism (p. 76-83)

Define:
Enzymes: control each of the interrelated reactions of metabolism, as well the steps of DNA replication
and protein synthesis
Anabolism: The buildup from larger molecules from smaller ones and requires energy
Catabolism: Breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones and releases energy
Dehydration synthesis: Anabolic process required for cell growth
Hydrolysis: Decomposes carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and splits a water molecule in the
process.
Substrate: Enzyme acts only on a particular chemical
Active site: Temporarily combines with portions of the substrate molecules, forming enzymessubstrate complex during the enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Glycolysis: 6 carbon sugar glucose in broken down
Citric acid cycle: The 3 carbon pyruvic acids generated by glycolysis enter the mitochondria
Electron transport chain: The high energy electrons still contain most of the chemical energy of the
original glucose molecule
ATP: Has a chain of 3 chemical groups. Adenosine triphosphate
Anaerobic: Does not require oxygen

Aerobic: Needs more energy in the mitochondria

Metabolic pathway: A sequence of enzyme- controlled reactions
Question:
What is the general function of ATP?
Provides energy for metabolic reactions.
What happens during glycolysis?
The 6 carbon sugar glucose is broken down in the cytosol into two 3 carbon pyruvic acid
molecules with a net gain of 2 ATP and the release of high energy electrons.
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Convert sugar into ATP
What are the final products of cellular respiration?
ATP
How does cellular respiration represent a metabolic pathway?
It needs fats and proteins to be broken down to release energy for ATP synthesis.